Tunnel boring machine for high-water-pressure complex stratum and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-water-pressure complex stratum tunnel boring machine and a construction method, and solves the problems that in the prior art, when continuous high-water-pressure and seabed complex and changeable geology is faced, the requirement for thrust of a main bearing is high, and pressure bearing of main drive sealing and shield tail sealing is high. The tunneling machine comprises a tunneling machine main machine and a rear support, the tunneling machine main machine comprises a shield body and a cutterhead, an excavation bin is formed by the front end of the shield body and the cutterhead, a pressure self-balancing main drive in transmission connection with the cutterhead is arranged in the shield body, and the pressure self-balancing main drive is connected into the shield body through a main bearing mechanism; an advanced detection mechanism and a plurality of pressure self-adjusting hobs are arranged on the cutter head, and a shield tail brush assembly capable of conducting pressure compensation is arranged at the tail of the shield body. The tunnel boring machine has the functions of normal-pressure tool changing, intelligent geological forecast and intelligent control, high-thrust main bearing and the like; a sealing system capable of automatically adjusting a hob, a main drive and a shield tail; the problems that an existing strait tunnel boring machine is difficult in tool changing, insufficient in main bearing thrust, faulty in shield tail and main drive sealing, and stagnant in discharging due to bin blocking of mud cakes are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a tunnel boring machine under high water pressure conditions. Background Art

[0002] The Strait Tunnel has always been a key and difficult tunnel in the tunnel construction industry. Most of the Strait Tunnel that have been constructed are single-mode slurry balance tunneling mode shield machines. Faced with challenges such as high water pressure in the Strait Tunnel, long-distance single-headed tunneling, complex strata, and high risks of repair and maintenance, it is difficult to maintain a good construction state, especially to meet the construction needs of long-distance continuous high water pressure. In addition, a series of problems will arise during the construction process, such as difficulty in changing cutters, insufficient thrust of the main bearing, main drive seal failure, mud cake blockage and drainage delay.

[0003] In recent years, with the development of the tunnel industry, although dual-mode and multi-mode shield machines have developed, such as a multi-mode shield machine with publication number CN109630149 A, which can switch different shield excavation modes according to complex and changeable formation conditions. However, it is still not enough to cope with the construction of the Strait Tunnel. When facing continuous high water pressure and complex and changeable seabed geology; there are still problems such as difficulty in changing cutters under high water pressure, large thrust requirements for the main bearings, and high pressure bearing of the main drive seal and shield tail seal. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention proposes a high-water-pressure complex-stratum tunnel boring machine and a construction method, which solves the problems in the prior art of large thrust requirements for the main bearing and high pressure bearing capacity of the main drive seal and the shield tail seal when facing continuous high water pressure and complex and changeable seabed geology.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: a tunnel boring machine with high water pressure and complex strata, including a tunnel boring machine main machine and a rear supporting device, the tunnel boring machine main machine includes a shield body and a cutterhead, the front end of the shield body and the cutterhead form an excavation chamber, the shield body is provided with a pressure self-balancing main drive connected to the cutterhead transmission, and the pressure self-balancing main drive is connected to the shield body through a main bearing mechanism; the cutterhead is provided with an advance detection mechanism and a plurality of pressure self-adjusting rollers, and the tail of the shield body is provided with a shield tail brush assembly capable of pressure compensation; the shield body is provided with a screw machine slag discharge system and a mud pipe slag discharge system corresponding to the excavation chamber. The screw machine slag discharge system and the mud pipe slag discharge system are configured, so that the shield machine has the characteristics of being able to switch between three modes: TBM, earth pressure, and mud water. The pressure self-balancing main drive is configured to correspond to the main drive sealing self-balancing system, the shield tail brush assembly capable of pressure compensation corresponds to the shield tail sealing self-balancing system, and the pressure self-adjusting roller corresponds to the tool pressure self-balancing system, and in conjunction with advanced geological prediction and intelligent excavation, efficient and safe construction of tunnels in a high water pressure environment can be ensured.

[0006] Further preferably, the pressure self-balancing main drive comprises a sealing case and a main drive sealing mechanism arranged in the shield body, wherein the sealing case is provided with a main drive motor and a gas pressure regulating mechanism connected to the sealing chamber I of the main drive sealing mechanism. The gas pressure regulating mechanism adjusts the sealing pressure resistance of the main drive sealing mechanism by filling and discharging gas into the sealing chamber I, thereby realizing the main drive sealing self-balancing.

[0007] Further preferably, the main drive sealing mechanism includes a plurality of seals and a plurality of retaining rings arranged between the drive fixed part and the drive rotating part. The retaining rings are located on the back of the seals. A sealing chamber I is formed between adjacent seals and retaining rings. The air outlet of the air pressure regulating mechanism is connected to the sealing chamber I, and the back pressure of the seal is adjusted by filling and discharging air into the sealing chamber I.

[0008] Further preferably, the air pressure regulating mechanism includes a compressed air source arranged in a sealed chassis, the compressed air source is connected to the sealed chamber I through a pipeline, a flow regulating valve is provided on the pipeline, and a pressure sensor is provided in the sealed chamber I, and the pressure sensor and the flow regulating valve are electrically connected to the upper machine.

[0009] Further preferably, the pressure self-adjusting hob includes a cutter shaft, a cutter body is connected to the cutter shaft via a bearing, the front and rear ends of the cutter shaft seal the bearing in a sealing chamber II via a sealing assembly, a connected axial blind passage and a radial channel are provided in the cutter shaft, the opening end of the radial channel faces the sealing chamber II, and a gas pressure regulating member is connected to the axial blind passage. By filling and discharging gas into the sealing chamber II, the sealing pressure resistance of the sealing assembly is adjusted to achieve the purpose of self-balancing the cutter pressure.

[0010] Further preferably, the sealing assembly includes a sealing retaining ring and an end sealing cover, the sealing retaining ring is located between the end sealing cover and the corresponding bearing, the end sealing cover is fixed on the knife shaft, and a sealing ring is provided between the sealing retaining ring and the knife body; the air pressure regulating part adjusts the force applied to the sealing ring from inside the sealing chamber II.

[0011] Further preferably, the air pressure regulating member includes a piston arranged in the axial blind channel and a driving member driving the piston to reciprocate, at least two radial channels are arranged along the circumference of the knife shaft, and the radial channels are close to the blind end of the axial blind channel; a pressure sensor is arranged in the sealed chamber II, and the pressure sensor and the driving member are both connected to the host computer. The pressure sensor detects the pressure in the sealed chamber II, and then the host computer adjusts the driving member to drive the piston to move according to the pressure value, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the inflation amount.

[0012] Further preferably, the shield tail brush assembly includes multiple shield tail brushes and at least one airbag seal arranged on the inner wall of the rear portion of the shield body, the airbag seal being arranged on the back of the shield tail brush to provide the shield tail brush with adjustable back pressure; the airbag seal is connected to the air source in the shield body through a gas pipeline.

[0013] Further preferably, the cutter disc is also provided with a normal pressure replacement cutter and a partial pressure replacement cutter; the main bearing mechanism includes at least two rows of main thrust roller bearings; and a pressure sensor is provided in the excavation chamber.

[0014] A construction method of a tunnel boring machine in a high water pressure complex stratum, when the tunnel boring machine is excavating, when the advance detection mechanism detects that the geological water pressure is high, the pressure sensor in the excavation chamber collects the excavation chamber pressure, and the upper computer automatically supplements the pressure of the pressure self-balancing main drive according to the excavation chamber pressure, and increases the back pressure of the seal of the main drive sealing mechanism by injecting high-pressure gas into the sealing chamber I, so that the main drive sealing system adapts to the high water pressure. During the tunneling process of the tunnel boring machine, when the cutter head is subjected to the extrusion force of the external water pressure, the upper computer adjusts the pressure self-adjusting roller, and increases the force of the sealing ring from the inside of the sealing chamber II by injecting high-pressure gas into the sealing chamber II, resists the external force of the sealing ring, and automatically adjusts the internal pressure of the tool to balance the external water pressure, thereby realizing the self-balancing of the internal sealing pressure of the roller. During the tunneling process of the tunnel boring machine, the upper computer controls the inflation and deflation of the airbag seal according to the collected external pressure of the shield body, and adjusts the back pressure of the corresponding shield tail brush, thereby balancing the external pressure of the shield tail seal, so that the shield tail seal system adapts to the high water pressure.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the tunnel boring machine of the present invention has the functions of normal pressure cutter changing, intelligent geological prediction and intelligent control, large thrust main bearing and the like; the sealing systems of the roller cutter, main drive and shield tail can be automatically adjusted; and a variety of construction modes can be switched; and a series of problems such as the difficulty in changing cutters, insufficient thrust of the main bearing, shield tail and main drive sealing failure, mud cake blockage and discharge delay and the like of the existing strait tunnel boring machine can be solved.

[0016] The pressure self-balancing main drive of the present invention can realize the self-balancing of the main drive seal pressure. By fully compressing the air to its internal seal, the main drive seal back pressure is automatically supplemented, thereby realizing the pressure self-balancing function and improving the ability of the drive seal system to adapt to high water pressure. The pressure self-regulating hob of the present invention has an internal seal pressure regulating system. When subjected to the extrusion force of the external water pressure, the internal pressure of the tool can be automatically adjusted to balance the external muddy water pressure, thereby realizing the self-balancing of the tool seal pressure. The pressure-compensated shield tail brush assembly of the present invention can realize the self-balancing of the shield tail seal pressure. By collecting the external pressure of the shield body and sealing it with an airbag, the shield tail brush is pressure compensated, thereby balancing the external pressure of the shield tail seal and improving the ability of the shield tail seal system to adapt to high water pressure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the tunnel boring machine of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cutter disc structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the main bearing mechanism.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure self-balancing main drive.

[0023] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the main drive sealing mechanism.

[0024] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the sealing structure of the shield tail brush assembly.

[0025] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the hob replacement at normal pressure.

[0026] Fig. 9 Feedback flow chart for intelligent tunneling. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 1 , 2As shown, embodiment 1 is a tunnel boring machine with high water pressure and complex strata, including a tunnel boring machine main unit and rear supporting equipment and other necessary hydraulic and electrical equipment for tunnel boring machines, such as a segment assembly machine 5, a mud circulation system 6, a hydraulic system 7, a rear supporting system 8, a fluid system 9, an electrical system 10, a screw conveyor 11, a belt conveyor 12, etc. The tunnel boring machine main unit includes a shield body 4 and a cutter head 1. The cutter head 1 has a cutter head with a normal pressure tool change function. The cutter head is equipped with a gate valve or ball valve device, or uses a freezing tool change, a robot tool change, etc. to achieve normal pressure tool change, which can meet the requirements of tool change under normal pressure environment. The front end of the shield body 4 forms an excavation chamber with the cutter head 1, and a front baffle is provided at the front end of the shield body. The space between the front baffle and the cutter head forms an excavation chamber. The shield body 4 is provided with a pressure self-balancing main drive 3 that is transmission-connected to the cutter head 1. The pressure self-balancing main drive 3 can realize the pressure adjustment of its sealing system to adapt to the high water pressure strata excavation work, and the pressure self-balancing main drive 3 provides the power for the rotation of the cutter head. like Figure 4 As shown, the pressure self-balancing main drive 3 is connected to the shield body 4 through the main bearing mechanism 2; the main bearing mechanism 2 includes at least two rows of main thrust roller bearings 201; the main thrust roller bearing adopts a large thrust main bearing, and the total thrust of the main bearing and the life of the main bearing are increased by setting multiple rows of main thrust rollers. An advance detection mechanism 104 and a number of pressure self-adjusting rollers 101 are provided on the cutter head 1. The advance detection mechanism 104 can adopt the existing advance detection instrument. The advance detection instrument is mainly composed of a detection sensor, a signal collector connected to the output signal of the detection sensor, and a signal data collector for receiving the output signal of the signal collector. The advance detection mechanism 104 is used to detect external information such as geology, water and soil pressure, real-time three-dimensional detection, AI geological prediction and perception to achieve intelligent detection and intelligent excavation. The tail of the shield body 4 is provided with a shield tail brush assembly 401 that can perform pressure compensation; the shield tail brush assembly 401 can balance the external pressure of the shield tail seal and improve the ability of the shield tail sealing system to adapt to high water pressure. As shown Figure 3 As shown, it should be pointed out that in this embodiment, the cutter head is also equipped with a normal pressure replacement cutter 102 and a partial pressure replacement cutter 103. Moreover, the normal pressure replacement cutter 101 is equipped with an online tool status monitoring device to monitor the rotation and wear of the cutter. The advance detection mechanism 104 can detect the geological conditions ahead in real time and transmit the signal to the main control room, which is automatically modeled and dynamically corrected by AI, so as to more accurately detect the target and guide the construction excavation parameters.

[0029] AI automatic modeling includes the following steps: 1) Determine the contact rate ψ between the cutter and the tunnel face, ψ = the number of rotating cutters n1 / the total number of hobs n0; upload the status of all cutters to the computer through the hob cutter online monitoring device, the AI ​​system retrieves the rotation status of the hob cutter, and calculates the contact rate between the hob cutter and the tunnel face. 2) AI identifies the cutter number and the position of the cutter disc of the non-rotating hob cutter through the sand table model of the tunnel face.

[0030] The shield body 4 is provided with a screw machine slag discharge system and a mud pipe slag discharge system corresponding to the excavation bin. The screw machine slag discharge system and the mud pipe slag discharge system cooperate to realize the switching of earth pressure balance mode, mud-water balance mode and TBM balance mode. That is, the tunnel boring machine is equipped with a mud circulation system, a screw conveyor system, a pipeline slag discharge system and a belt conveyor system, which has the characteristics of multi-balance, multi-function and multi-mode. In the earth pressure mode: the water and soil pressure of the face is balanced by the soil pressure in the excavation bin, and the slag cut off by the cutter disc first enters the excavation bin, and then enters the screw conveyor, falls from the outlet of the screw conveyor onto the belt conveyor, and falls on the belt conveyor through the slag discharge port, and then is transported to the rear of the shield machine through the belt conveyor. At this time, the mud slag discharge system does not work.

[0031] Mud and water mode: The water and soil pressure of the tunnel face is balanced by the slurry and slag in the excavation bin. The cutterhead and shield body various slurry inlets continuously transport slurry. The bottom slurry carries the slag under the excavation. There are two discharge methods. When the density of the excavation bin is relatively low, the slurry is discharged from the excavation bin through the slurry discharge pipe of the slurry pipe slag discharge system. When the density of the excavation bin is high and the particle size is large, the slag is discharged through the screw conveyor of the screw conveyor slag discharge system. Different choices can be made according to the formation conditions.

[0032] TBM mode: suitable for full-section hard rock stratum excavation construction. The slag in the excavation chamber enters the belt conveyor through the screw conveyor outlet and is then discharged from the excavation chamber. In this mode, pressure-maintaining excavation can be achieved when encountering water, and the mud slag discharge system does not work at this time.

[0033] like Figure 5 As shown, Example 2 is a high water pressure complex stratum tunnel boring machine. This example is further optimized on the basis of Example 1. The pressure self-balancing main drive 3 includes a sealing case 301 and a main drive sealing mechanism 302 arranged in the shield body 4, and the main drive sealing mechanism constitutes a main drive sealing system. The sealing case 301 is provided with a main drive motor 303 and an air pressure regulating mechanism connected to the sealing chamber I of the main drive sealing mechanism 302. The air pressure regulating mechanism adjusts the sealing pressure resistance of the main drive sealing mechanism by charging and discharging gas to the main drive sealing mechanism 302, thereby improving the ability of the drive sealing system to adapt to high water pressure.

[0034] Specifically, if Figure 6As shown, the main driving sealing mechanism 302 includes a multi-channel sealing member 306 and a multi-channel retaining ring 307 arranged between the driving fixed member 304 and the driving rotating member 305. The retaining ring 307 corresponds to the sealing member 306 one by one. The retaining ring is located between the two sealing members. The sealing member 306 can be a lip sealing ring or a zigzag sealing ring. The retaining ring 307 is located at the back of the sealing member 306. A sealing chamber I is formed between the adjacent sealing members 306 and the retaining ring 307. The air outlet of the air pressure regulating mechanism is connected to the sealing chamber I, and the back pressure of the sealing member 306 is adjusted by filling and discharging air into the sealing chamber I. The purpose of the retaining ring is to prevent the gas introduced into the sealing chamber from generating front pressure on the sealing member behind, to ensure that the introduced gas only acts on the back of the sealing member, and to adjust its back pressure to adapt to the excavation work of the tunnel boring machine under high-pressure water formation.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, the air pressure regulating mechanism described in this embodiment includes a compressed air source 308 arranged in a sealed case 301. The compressed air source can be directly filled in the sealed case, or the compressed air source can be contained in a gas tank arranged in the sealed case. The compressed air source 308 is connected to the sealed chamber I through a pipeline, and a flow regulating valve is provided on the pipeline to adjust the amount and flow rate of gas entering the sealed chamber I. A pressure sensor is provided in the sealed chamber I to detect the pressure in the sealed chamber I, and then determine the pressure on the seal and the back pressure required. A pressure sensor is also provided in the excavation chamber. The pressure sensor and the flow regulating valve are electrically connected to the host computer. During the excavation process of the tunneling machine, the pressure sensor can collect the pressure of the mud and water bin and the pressure in the sealed chamber I. The host computer adjusts the amount of gas entering the sealed chamber I according to the pressure, and compensates the pressure of the main drive seal through the pressure linkage method, thereby achieving sealing pressure balance.

[0036] In this embodiment, as preferred, Figure 8 As shown, the pressure self-adjusting hob 101 includes a cutter shaft 10-1, and a cutter body 10-5 is connected to the cutter shaft 10-1 through a bearing 10-4, and the cutter body includes a cutter housing and a cutter. In this embodiment, a double cutter is taken as an example, and the cutter body can rotate relative to the cutter shaft through two oppositely arranged bearings, the cutter housing is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the bearing, and the inner ring of the bearing is fixedly connected to the cutter shaft. The front and rear ends of the cutter shaft 10-1 seal the bearing 10-4 in the sealing chamber II through a sealing assembly 10-6. The sealing assembly includes a front sealing assembly and a rear sealing assembly, which seal the front and rear ends of the bearing group respectively, and the two sealing assemblies seal the bearing. A connected axial blind channel 10-2 and a radial channel 10-3 are provided in the cutter shaft 10-1, and the opening end of the radial channel 10-3 faces the sealing chamber II, and an air pressure regulating member is connected to the axial blind channel 10-2. The gas pressure regulating member adjusts the amount of gas in the axial blind channel 10-2 and the radial channel 10-3 to achieve the purpose of adjusting the amount of gas in the sealing chamber II, thereby realizing the adjustment of the pressure of the sealing component 10-6.

[0037] Specifically, the sealing assembly 10-6 includes a sealing ring 61 and an end sealing cover 62. The sealing ring 61 is located between the end sealing cover 62 and the corresponding bearing 10-4. The end sealing cover 62 is fixed on the cutter shaft 10-1. A sealing ring 63 is provided between the sealing ring 61 and the cutter body 10-5. The sealing ring is used to seal the gap between the end sealing cover and the cutter body. The air pressure regulating member adjusts the force applied to the sealing ring 63 from inside the sealing chamber II. In actual construction, the high water pressure formation exerts a pressure F0 from outside to inside on the sealing ring 63. In order to ensure the sealing effect of the sealing ring, an internal pressure F1 from inside to outside needs to be applied to the sealing ring to balance the force applied to the sealing ring 63, so as to achieve the purpose of balancing the sealing pressure inside the cutter itself and extend the service life of the cutter.

[0038] In addition, as a preferred embodiment, the air pressure regulating member includes a piston 10-7 disposed in the axial blind channel 10-2 and a driving member 10-8 that drives the piston to reciprocate; the driving member can be a small oil cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder to push the piston to move in the axial blind channel. It should be noted that the air pressure regulating member can also be an air bag or the like, which is squeezed by the external water pressure and automatically adjusts the internal pressure of the tool through the air bag to balance the mud and water pressure. There are at least two radial channels 10-3 arranged along the circumference of the tool shaft 10-1. In this embodiment, four radial channels are taken as an example. The four radial channels are opened on the tool shaft at equal angles, and the radial channels 10-3 are close to the blind end of the axial blind channel 10-2; a pressure sensor is provided in the sealing chamber II, and the pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure in the sealing chamber II, and then determine the pressure on the sealing ring and the internal size required. The pressure sensor and the driving member 10-8 are both connected to the host computer. The upper computer controls the driving part to drive the piston to move in the axial blind channel according to the pressure in the sealing chamber II measured by the pressure sensor. Taking the movement toward the blind end as an example, the gas in the axial blind channel enters the sealing chamber II through the radial channel, increasing the pressure in the sealing chamber II, and providing a supporting force F1 from the inside to the outside for the sealing ring 63, balancing the pressure F0 from the outside to the inside of the high water pressure formation on the sealing ring 63, thereby realizing self-balancing of the internal sealing pressure of the tool.

[0039] In this embodiment, as preferred, Figure 7 As shown, the shield tail brush assembly 401 includes multiple shield tail brushes 402 and at least one airbag seal 401 arranged at the inner wall of the tail of the shield body 4; in this embodiment, five shield tail brushes and one airbag seal are taken as an example, which are the first shield tail brush, the second shield tail brush, the third shield tail brush, the fourth shield tail brush, and the fifth shield tail brush from front to back, and the airbag seal is arranged on the back of the first shield tail brush. The airbag seal is a rubber wear-resistant airbag, and the airbag seal 401 is arranged on the back of the shield tail brush 402 to provide the shield tail brush 402 with adjustable back pressure; the airbag seal 401 is connected to the air source in the shield body through a gas pipeline. The air source can be an air compressor, and gas is charged and discharged into the airbag seal 401 through the gas pipeline. When inflating, the back pressure of the shield tail brush is increased.

[0040] Embodiment 3, a construction method of a tunnel boring machine for complex strata with high water pressure as described in Embodiment 2, wherein the tunnel boring machine uses an advance detection mechanism 104 to detect the geology to be excavated during construction, and then uses AI to complete automatic modeling; AI automatic modeling includes the following steps: 1. Determine the contact rate ψ between the cutter and the face, ψ=number of rotating cutters n1 / total number of rollers n0; upload the status of the entire disc cutter to the computer through the roller cutter online monitoring device, the AI ​​system retrieves the roller cutter rotation status, and calculates the contact rate between the roller cutter and the face; 2) AI identifies the cutter number and the position of the cutter disc of the non-rotating roller through the sand table model of the face body; to achieve AI intelligent excavation. Mechanical, electrical, and hydraulic joint response, the mechanical structure is disclosed according to the cutter disc, main drive system, shield system and other structures, and the corresponding pressure balance is adjusted: main drive seal pressure balance, cutter seal pressure balance, shield tail seal pressure balance, so that the tunnel boring machine can perform stable excavation; during the excavation process, the mode is switched according to the geological conditions, that is, the conversion between earth pressure balance mode, TBM mode, and mud water balance mode, such as Fig. 9 shown.

[0041] During the construction of a tunnel boring machine in a high-water-pressure complex stratum, when the tunnel boring machine is excavating, when the advance detection mechanism 104 detects that the geological water pressure is high, the pressure sensor in the excavation chamber collects the excavation chamber pressure, and the upper computer automatically supplements the pressure of the pressure self-balancing main drive 3 according to the excavation chamber pressure, and increases the back pressure of the seal 306 of the main drive sealing mechanism 302 by injecting high-pressure gas into the sealing chamber I, so that the main drive sealing system can adapt to the high water pressure, thereby ensuring the sealing and pressure resistance of the main drive.

[0042] During the excavation process of the roadheader, when the cutter disc is squeezed by the external water pressure, the upper computer adjusts the pressure self-adjusting roller 101, and increases the force on the sealing ring 63 from inside the sealing chamber II by injecting high-pressure gas into the sealing chamber II, resists the external force on the sealing ring 63, and automatically adjusts the internal pressure of the tool to balance the external water pressure, thereby achieving self-balancing of the internal sealing pressure of the roller; the corresponding tool sealing pressure balance system ensures the pressure resistance of the roller.

[0043] During the tunneling process of the tunnel boring machine, the host computer controls the inflation and deflation of the airbag seal 401 according to the collected external pressure of the shield body, and adjusts the back pressure of the corresponding shield tail brush 402, thereby balancing the external pressure of the shield tail seal and making the shield tail sealing system adapt to high water pressure.

[0044] In general, the working process of the tunnel boring machine of the present invention is as follows. During the construction of the tunnel boring machine, the cutter head tool excavates the rock and soil of the face. At the same time, the intelligent advanced geological forecast detects the geological conditions ahead in real time, and transmits the signal to the main control room. After automatic modeling and dynamic correction by AI, it guides the construction and tunneling parameters. According to the geological detection situation, the tunnel boring machine can also switch from three modes: mud water, earth pressure, and TBM. It can realize a variety of slag discharge methods such as pipeline slag discharge and belt conveyor slag discharge to adapt to geological changes. When the geological water pressure is high, the normal pressure replacement roller sealing system, the main drive sealing system, and the shield tail sealing system will automatically adjust the pressure balance according to the external pressure, thereby ensuring the smooth construction of key components. According to the above-mentioned device and method, the problems of abnormal damage to the tool and high pressure bearing of the main drive and shield tail seals due to high water pressure in the construction of the Strait Tunnel can be avoided, ensuring the efficient construction of the tunnel under high water pressure environment.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring machine for complex strata with high water pressure, comprising a tunnel boring machine main unit and a rear supporting unit, wherein the tunnel boring machine main unit comprises a shield body (4) and a cutter head (1), wherein the front end of the shield body (4) and the cutter head (1) form an excavation chamber, and wherein: The shield body (4) is provided with a pressure self-balancing main drive (3) which is transmission-connected to the cutter head (1); the pressure self-balancing main drive (3) is connected to the shield body (4) via a main bearing mechanism (2); an advance detection mechanism (104) and a plurality of pressure self-adjusting rollers (101) are provided on the cutter head (1); a shield tail brush assembly (401) capable of pressure compensation is provided at the tail of the shield body (4); and a screw machine slag discharge system and a mud pipe slag discharge system corresponding to the excavation chamber are provided in the shield body (4).

2. The high water pressure complex stratum tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure self-balancing main drive (3) comprises a sealed chassis (301) and a main drive sealing mechanism (302) arranged in a shield body (4); a main drive motor (303) and an air pressure regulating mechanism connected to a sealed chamber I of the main drive sealing mechanism (302) are arranged in the sealed chassis (301).

3. The high water pressure complex stratum tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main drive sealing mechanism (302) comprises a plurality of sealing members (306) and a plurality of retaining rings (307) arranged between a drive fixed member (304) and a drive rotating member (305); the retaining rings (307) are located at the back of the sealing members (306); a sealing chamber I is formed between adjacent sealing members (306) and retaining rings (307); an air outlet of the air pressure regulating mechanism is connected to the sealing chamber I; and the back pressure of the sealing member (306) is regulated by filling and discharging air into the sealing chamber I.

4. The high water pressure complex stratum tunnel boring machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The air pressure regulating mechanism comprises a compressed air source (308) arranged in a sealed case (301); the compressed air source (308) is connected to the sealed chamber I through a pipeline; a flow regulating valve is provided on the pipeline; a pressure sensor is provided in the sealed chamber I; the pressure sensor and the flow regulating valve are both electrically connected to a host machine.

5. The high water pressure complex stratum tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure self-adjusting hob (101) comprises a cutter shaft (10-1), a cutter body (10-5) being connected to the cutter shaft (10-1) via a bearing (10-4), the bearing (10-4) being sealed in a sealing chamber II via a sealing assembly (10-6) at the front and rear ends of the cutter shaft (10-1), an axial blind passage (10-2) and a radial channel (10-3) being connected to each other being provided in the cutter shaft (10-1), the opening end of the radial channel (10-3) facing the sealing chamber II, and a gas pressure regulating component being connected to the axial blind passage (10-2).

6. The high water pressure complex stratum tunnel boring machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sealing assembly (10-6) comprises a sealing retaining ring (61) and an end sealing cover (62); the sealing retaining ring (61) is located between the end sealing cover (62) and the corresponding bearing (10-4); the end sealing cover (62) is fixed on the knife shaft (10-1); a sealing ring (63) is provided between the sealing retaining ring (61) and the knife body (10-5); and the air pressure regulating member regulates the force applied to the sealing ring (63) from inside the sealing chamber II.

7. The high water pressure complex stratum tunnel boring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The air pressure regulating component comprises a piston (10-7) arranged in the axial blind channel (10-2) and a driving component (10-8) driving the piston to reciprocate; at least two radial channels (10-3) are arranged along the circumference of the knife shaft (10-1), and the radial channels (10-3) are close to the blind end of the axial blind channel (10-2); a pressure sensor is arranged in the sealing chamber II, and the pressure sensor and the driving component (10-8) are both connected to a host computer.

8. The high water pressure complex stratum tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The shield tail brush assembly (401) comprises a plurality of shield tail brushes (402) arranged on the inner wall of the rear portion of the shield body (4) and at least one airbag seal (401); the airbag seal (401) is arranged on the back of the shield tail brush (402) to provide the shield tail brush (402) with an adjustable back pressure; the airbag seal (401) is connected to an air source in the shield body through a gas pipeline.

9. The high water pressure complex stratum tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter disc (1) is also provided with a normal pressure replacement cutter (102) and a partial pressure replacement cutter (103); the main bearing mechanism (2) comprises at least two rows of main thrust roller bearings (201); and a pressure sensor is provided in the excavation chamber.

10. A construction method of a high water pressure complex stratum tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: When the tunnel boring machine is excavating, when the advance detection mechanism (104) detects that the geological water pressure is high, the pressure sensor in the excavation chamber collects the excavation chamber pressure, and the upper computer automatically supplements the pressure of the pressure self-balancing main drive (3) according to the excavation chamber pressure, and increases the back pressure of the sealing element (306) of the main drive sealing mechanism (302) by injecting high-pressure gas into the sealing chamber I, so that the main drive sealing system can adapt to the high water pressure; During the excavation process of the tunnel boring machine, when the cutter head is subjected to the squeezing force of the external water pressure, the upper computer adjusts the pressure self-adjusting roller cutter (101), injects high-pressure gas into the sealing chamber II, increases the force applied to the sealing ring (63) from inside the sealing chamber II, resists the force applied to the sealing ring (63) from outside, and automatically adjusts the internal pressure of the cutter to balance the external water pressure, thereby achieving self-balancing of the internal sealing pressure of the roller cutter; During the tunneling process of the tunnel boring machine, the upper computer controls the inflation and deflation of the airbag seal (401) according to the collected external pressure of the shield body, and adjusts the back pressure of the corresponding shield tail brush (402), thereby balancing the external pressure of the shield tail seal and making the shield tail sealing system adapt to high water pressure.

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