A mine blasting construction block degree control method, system, device and medium

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of mine blasting construction, in particular to a mine blasting construction block size control method, system, equipment and medium. The application firstly determines an initial blockage length based on early-stage blasting data, then forms an axial decoupling structure by setting multiple PVC interval air columns with different lengths, and forms a radial decoupling structure by loading explosive coils with different diameters, and finally performs quantitative analysis and parameter optimization by using a block size analysis software; through the synergistic effect of the double decoupling structures and the quantitative analysis and parameter optimization, the blasting energy distribution can be more effectively controlled, and an ideal block size control effect can be achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mine blasting construction, and in particular to a mine blasting construction block size control method, system, device and medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] In modern mining, the block size control of blasting construction directly affects the efficiency and cost of subsequent production links. Reasonable block size not only reduces secondary small operation and improves digging efficiency, but also reduces the maintenance cost and failure rate of the crusher, which has an important influence on the economic benefits of the entire mining system.

[0003] At present, the mainstream block size control method mainly relies on electronic detonator segmented initiation technology, intelligent charging vehicle precise charging system and computer-aided design software to optimize the hole pattern parameters. These technologies realize block size control by adjusting the initiation sequence, optimizing the charging structure and changing the hole pattern parameters. However, the existing technology excessively relies on reducing the hole pattern parameters and increasing the charge to control the block size, which not only greatly increases the blasting cost, but also easily causes safety hazards such as flying stones and excessive vibration, and further improvement is needed for this situation. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the problem that the existing technology excessively relies on reducing the hole pattern parameters and increasing the charge to control the block size, the present application provides a mine blasting construction block size control method, system, device and medium, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] In the first aspect, the present application provides a mine blasting construction block size control method, which includes the following steps:

[0006] Determine the initial plug length based on the hole pattern parameters of the pre-explosion and construction during the construction of the mine area;

[0007] Set multiple PVC air columns with different lengths in the blast hole, which are distributed along the axial direction of the blast hole, forming an axial decoupling structure of the charge;

[0008] At least two kinds of explosive rolls with different diameters are sequentially loaded at different positions along the axial direction in the blast hole, forming a radial decoupling structure of the charge;

[0009] Quantitatively analyze the block size after blasting by using a block size analysis software and establish a data model to obtain and optimize the best combination parameters of the axial decoupling degree, the radial decoupling degree and the plug length.

[0010] By adopting the technical scheme, in order to solve the problems of uneven block size, high large block rate and excessive fine ore rate in mine blasting, the traditional blasting method only adjusts the hole pattern parameters and unit consumption to control the block size, but this method often leads to the increase of blasting cost and the unsatisfactory effect; the application firstly determines the initial blockage length based on the previous blasting data, then forms the axial decoupling structure by setting the PVC interval air column with different lengths, and forms the radial decoupling structure by loading the explosive coils with different diameters, and finally performs quantitative analysis and parameter optimization by using the block size analysis software; through the synergistic effect of the double decoupling structures and the quantitative analysis and parameter optimization, the blasting energy distribution can be more effectively controlled, and the ideal block size control effect can be achieved.

[0011] Optionally, the length of the PVC interval air column is set according to the rock characteristics and target block size requirements, and is used to adjust the axial transmission characteristics of the explosion energy, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0012] According to the rock characteristics and target block size requirements, the minimum air layer proportion threshold and the maximum air layer proportion threshold of the air layer proportion, and the minimum length requirement of the bottom reinforcing explosive column are determined;

[0013] In the blast hole, the length of the PVC interval air column is determined by using the air layer proportion formula Ra=La / (La+Le), according to the arrangement structure of the upper decoupling charging explosive column, the PVC interval air column, the lower decoupling charging explosive column and the bottom reinforcing explosive column, wherein La is the air interval length, and Le is the total length of the charge, and the total length of the charge includes the sum of the lengths of the upper decoupling charging explosive column, the lower decoupling charging explosive column and the bottom reinforcing explosive column;

[0014] Wherein, the proportion of the air layer in the total length of the charge is controlled between the minimum air layer proportion threshold and the maximum air layer proportion threshold, and at the same time, the position of the PVC interval air column is ensured to make the length of the bottom reinforcing explosive column not less than the minimum length requirement.

[0015] By adopting the technical scheme, the application establishes the quantitative relationship between the air interval length and the total length of the charge, and sets a reasonable proportion threshold range combined with the rock characteristics; first, the upper and lower threshold values of the air layer proportion are determined according to the rock characteristics, then the structure arrangement of "upper charge-air interval-lower charge-bottom reinforcement" is arranged, the interval length is accurately calculated by the air layer proportion formula, and the bottom reinforcement requirement is considered; through quantitative calculation, the matching of the air interval structure and the rock characteristics is ensured, and the accuracy of the blasting energy regulation and control can be realized.

[0016] Optionally, the explosive coils with different diameters include two or three different diameter specifications, wherein the large-diameter explosive coil is used for the main crushing area, and the small-diameter explosive coil is used for the transition zone.

[0017] By adopting the technical scheme, the problem that a single-diameter explosive cartridge in traditional blasting cannot accurately control energy for different breaking areas is solved, the conventional charging structure uses explosive cartridges of a uniform specification, and the energy in the main breaking area may be insufficient while the energy in the transition zone is excessive; the application realizes regional regulation and control of blasting energy by reasonably configuring two or three explosive cartridges of different diameters in the same blast hole; the large-diameter explosive cartridge is used in the main breaking area to provide sufficient breaking energy, and the small-diameter explosive cartridge is used in the transition zone to realize flexible control of energy, which ensures the breaking effect of the main breaking area and avoids excessive breaking of the transition zone.

[0018] Optionally, the block size after blasting is quantitatively analyzed by using a block size analysis software, and a data model is established to obtain and optimize the best combination parameters of the axial decoupling degree, the radial decoupling degree and the blockage length, and the specific steps include the following steps:

[0019] Photographing the surface of the blast pile to obtain a surface image of the blast pile;

[0020] Processing the surface image of the blast pile by using the block size analysis software, and analyzing the large block distribution according to the processing result;

[0021] According to the large block distribution, the influence of different axial decoupling degrees, radial decoupling degrees and blockage lengths on the block size is tested by using the control variable method;

[0022] According to the test result and the preset control target, the best parameter combination is determined.

[0023] By adopting the technical scheme, the application first photographs the surface of the blast pile to collect images, then analyzes the block size distribution by using professional software, and then tests the influence of the axial decoupling degree, the radial decoupling degree and the blockage length on the block size by using the control variable method, and finally determines the optimal parameter combination based on the preset target to realize accurate optimization and control of the blasting parameters.

[0024] Optionally, the surface of the blast pile is photographed to obtain a surface image of the blast pile, and the specific steps include the following steps:

[0025] After the blasting inspection is completed and the blast pile is stable, a plurality of uniformly distributed image collection points are arranged on the surface of the blast pile;

[0026] Two standard test balls with the same diameter are placed at each image collection point, and the distance between the two standard test balls is adjusted to be greater than a preset distance;

[0027] A certain range of collection areas is cleaned around the standard test balls at each image collection point to ensure that the surface of the blast pile is completely exposed in the collection areas;

[0028] Take vertical shooting for each collection area to obtain a heap surface image containing a standard test ball.

[0029] By adopting the technical scheme, the application first arranges a plurality of uniformly distributed collection points on the heap surface, then places two standard test balls with fixed spacing as a scale reference at each collection point, then cleans the collection area to ensure that the heap surface is fully exposed, and finally obtains a standardized image by using vertical shooting, thereby providing a reliable data basis for subsequent block analysis.

[0030] Optionally, the preset control target comprises:

[0031] The average block size of the ore after the blasting is controlled to be lower than an average block size threshold, and the large block rate is controlled to be lower than a large block rate threshold.

[0032] The block uniformity coefficient is controlled to be higher than a uniformity threshold, and the blasting fine ore rate is controlled to be lower than a fine ore rate threshold.

[0033] The block degree control is achieved by adjusting the charging structure while keeping the set explosive unit consumption unchanged.

[0034] By adopting the technical scheme, the application sets control thresholds of four key indexes, i.e., the average block size, the large block rate, the uniformity coefficient, and the fine ore rate, and achieves balanced control of multiple indexes by optimizing the charging structure while keeping the explosive unit consumption unchanged. In specific implementation, the average block size and the large block rate are controlled to be below the thresholds, while the block uniformity coefficient is ensured to be higher than the threshold and the fine ore rate is ensured to be lower than the threshold, and the collaborative optimization of the indexes is achieved by adjusting the charging structure instead of simply changing the explosive amount.

[0035] Optionally, the adjustment of the charging structure comprises the following steps:

[0036] The initial plug length is adjusted while keeping the hole pattern parameters unchanged.

[0037] The length and distribution position of the PVC interval air column in the blast hole are adjusted to optimize the axial decoupling structure of the charging axis.

[0038] The combination mode and loading position of the explosive coils with different diameters in the blast hole are adjusted to optimize the radial decoupling structure of the charging axis.

[0039] By adopting the technical scheme, the prior art often adjusts the blast hole spacing or row spacing to control the blasting effect, which not only increases the construction difficulty, but also may cause a chain problem of step quality control. The application optimizes the initial plug length first, then adjusts the length and position of the PVC interval air column to optimize the axial energy distribution, and finally reasonably matches the explosive coils with different diameters according to the crushing requirements of different regions to achieve precise control of the radial energy.

[0040] In a second aspect, the present application provides a mine blasting construction block size control system, comprising:

[0041] An initial blockage length determination module is configured to determine an initial blockage length based on blast hole parameters obtained from a previous trial blast and construction during infrastructure construction.

[0042] A charge axis decoupling structure determination module is configured to set a plurality of PVC air columns with different lengths in the blast hole, which are distributed along the axial direction of the blast hole to form a charge axis decoupling structure.

[0043] A charge radial decoupling structure determination module is configured to sequentially load at least two explosive charges with different diameters into the blast hole at different axial positions to form a charge radial decoupling structure.

[0044] An optimal combination parameter determination module is configured to quantitatively analyze the block size after blasting by using a block size analysis software and establish a data model to obtain and optimize the optimal combination parameters of the axial decoupling degree, the radial decoupling degree and the blockage length.

[0045] In a third aspect, the present application provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the mine blasting construction block size control method.

[0046] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program is executable by a processor to implement the steps of the mine blasting construction block size control method.

[0047] In summary, the present application has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0048] 1. The present application first determines the initial blockage length based on the previous trial blast data, then sets a plurality of PVC air columns with different lengths to form an axial decoupling structure, and loads explosive charges with different diameters to form a radial decoupling structure, and finally uses a block size analysis software for quantitative analysis and parameter optimization. Through the synergistic effect of the double decoupling structures and the quantitative analysis and parameter optimization, the blasting energy distribution can be more effectively controlled to achieve the desired block size control effect.

[0049] 2. The application establishes the quantitative relationship between the air spacing length and the total length of the charge, and sets a reasonable proportion threshold range combined with the characteristics of the rock; first, according to the characteristics of the rock, the upper and lower threshold values of the air layer proportion are determined, then according to the structure arrangement of "upper charge-air spacing-lower charge-bottom reinforcement", the spacing length is accurately calculated through the air layer proportion formula, and the bottom reinforcement demand is considered; through quantitative calculation, the matching of the air spacing structure and the characteristics of the rock is ensured, and the accuracy of the blasting energy regulation can be realized;

[0050] 3. The application first normalizes the photographic collection of the blasting pile surface, then uses professional software to analyze the block size distribution, and then tests the influence of the three key parameters of axis decoupling degree, radial decoupling degree and blockage length on the block size through the control variable method, and finally determines the optimal parameter combination based on the preset target, realizes the accurate optimization and control of the blasting parameters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a mine blasting construction block size control method according to an embodiment of the application;

[0052] Figure 2 is a flowchart of setting a PVC spacing air column in a mine blasting construction block size control method according to an embodiment of the application;

[0053] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a segmented spacing charge structure in a mine blasting construction block size control method according to an embodiment of the application;

[0054] Figure 4 is a flowchart of step S140 in a mine blasting construction block size control method according to an embodiment of the application;

[0055] Figure 5 is a software analysis situation diagram of the blasting pile surface image in a mine blasting construction block size control method according to an embodiment of the application;

[0056] Figure 6 is a blasting pile block size distribution situation diagram of the blasting pile surface image in a mine blasting construction block size control method according to an embodiment of the application;

[0057] Figure 7 is a flowchart of step S430 in a mine blasting construction block size control method according to an embodiment of the application;

[0058] Figure 8 is a flowchart of step S440 in a mine blasting construction block size control method according to an embodiment of the application;

[0059] Figure 9 is a flowchart of step S443 in a mine blasting construction block size control method according to an embodiment of the application;

[0060] Figure 10 is a module schematic diagram of a mine blasting construction block size control system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] Figure 11 is an internal structure diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The terms used in the following embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to be limiting of the present application. As used in the specification and the appended claims of the present application, the singular forms "a," "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "and / or," as used in the present application, refers to any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0063] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are only for the purpose of description and cannot be understood as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features, and in the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise specified.

[0064] The embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0065] In a first aspect, the present application provides a mine blasting construction block size control method, referring to Figure 1 , comprising the following steps:

[0066] S110, determining an initial blockage length based on the hole pattern parameters during the pre-blasting and construction of the mine area.

[0067] In this embodiment, the initial blockage length for granite blasting construction refers to the distance from the blast hole mouth to the top surface of the first section of charge. This parameter directly affects the utilization efficiency of blasting energy and the control effect of flyrock. The selection of the initial blockage length needs to consider factors such as rock properties, blast hole diameter, and charge structure, and the reasonable range is usually determined by multiples of the blast hole diameter.

[0068] S120, setting multiple PVC air columns with different lengths in the blast hole, the PVC air columns are distributed along the axial direction of the blast hole, forming a charge axis uncoupling structure.

[0069] The essence of the charge interval charge technology is to change the contact relationship between the charge column and the blast hole to reduce the initial pressure of the compression stress wave and the detonation gas product acting on the blast hole; the PVC interval air column is an important structure for adjusting the charge density and the blasting energy distribution, and by setting different lengths of air interval between the charge columns, an axial energy gradient can be formed to improve the blasting energy utilization efficiency. The axial decoupling structure refers to the intermittent distribution of the charge column in the axial direction.

[0070] S130, sequentially loading at least two different diameter explosive rolls in the blast hole at different positions along the axial direction to form a radial decoupling structure of the charge.

[0071] The radial decoupling structure refers to a charge method that forms radial gaps and energy gradients by using explosive rolls of different diameters in the same blast hole. This structure can adjust the distribution of blasting energy in the radial direction, which helps to improve the fragmentation effect.

[0072] S140, quantitatively analyzing the block size after blasting by block size analysis software and establishing a data model to obtain and optimize the best combination parameters of the axial decoupling degree, the radial decoupling degree and the length of the blockage.

[0073] The block size analysis is an important means to evaluate the blasting effect, and by processing and analyzing the image of the blast pile, the block size distribution characteristics and the influence law of various parameters can be obtained.

[0074] Specifically, in this embodiment, Split-Desktop software is used to analyze the surface image of the blast pile to obtain key indicators such as average block size and large block rate. Through multiple blasting tests, the block size distribution under different parameter combinations is tested.

[0075] In this embodiment, through continuous testing and data analysis, the following blasting parameter combination is adopted according to the characteristics of Yin'keng mine: bench height 15 m, overbreak 1.5 m, blast hole depth 16.5 m, drill hole diameter 115 mm, charge structure 90, 70 of the ratio of the column, drill hole inclination 90 degrees, bottom resistance line 3.5 m, hole spacing 6 m. The characteristic parameters are: row spacing 3.0 m, single hole charge 88 kg (adjustable), explosive density 0.31-0.33 kg / m³, filling length 3.2 m. At the same time, three-section air interval charge structure is adopted, combined with 2.5 m PVC interval column, the positions of three-section air interval are respectively located at 6.5 m, 8.5 m and 7.5 m from the hole bottom and can be adjusted according to the actual situation. This combination fully considers the lithological characteristics and actual mining requirements of Yin'keng mine. For Taoyuan mine, after Split-Desktop software analysis and multiple blasting tests, the optimal blasting parameter combination is finally determined: the basic parameters such as bench height 15 m, overbreak 1.5 m, blast hole depth 16.5 m, drill hole diameter 115 mm, charge structure 90, 70 of the ratio of the column, drill hole inclination 90 degrees, bottom resistance line 3.5 m, hole spacing 6 m are kept unchanged, and the characteristic parameters are: row spacing 3.0-3.2 m, single hole charge 82-84 kg (adjustable), explosive density 0.29-0.31 kg / m³, filling length 3.0 m. Similarly, three-section air interval charge structure is adopted, combined with 2.5 m PVC interval column, the positions of three-section air interval are respectively located at 6.5 m, 8.5 m and 7.5 m from the hole bottom and can be adjusted. This set of parameter combination fully adapts to the actual geological conditions and mining requirements of Taoyuan mine.

[0076] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 , the length of the PVC interval air column is set according to the rock characteristics and target block size requirements, for adjusting the transmission characteristics of the explosion energy in the axial direction, including the following steps:

[0077] S210, according to the rock characteristics and target block size requirements, determining the minimum air layer ratio threshold and the maximum air layer ratio threshold of the air layer ratio, and the minimum length requirement of the bottom reinforcing column.

[0078] Wherein, the air layer ratio refers to the ratio of the total length of the PVC interval air column to the total length of the charge, which directly determines the distribution characteristics of the blasting energy in the axial direction. The threshold setting of the air layer ratio needs to consider the compressive strength of the rock, the degree of joint development and other characteristics, as well as the target block size distribution requirements. The bottom reinforcing column is a continuous charge section set to ensure the breaking effect of the hole bottom.

[0079] Specifically, in this embodiment, taking a granite mining area as an example, the rock compressive strength is 140 MPa, and the degree of joint development is moderate. Through experimental analysis, the minimum threshold for the air layer ratio is determined to be 15%, the maximum threshold to be 25%, and the minimum length requirement for the bottom reinforcing charge is 1.2 m. When the air layer ratio is below 15%, the blasting energy concentration is too high, which easily leads to excessive fragmentation; when it is above 25%, the energy transfer is insufficient, which easily leads to large fragments.

[0080] S220. Determine the length of the PVC spacer air column according to the arrangement structure of the upper uncoupled charge column, the PVC spacer air column, the lower uncoupled charge column, and the bottom reinforcing charge column in the borehole.

[0081] The length of the PVC spacer air column is determined using the air layer ratio formula Ra=La / (La+Le), where La is the air gap length and Le is the total charge length, which includes the sum of the lengths of the upper uncoupled charge column, the lower uncoupled charge column, and the bottom reinforcing charge column.

[0082] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, considering both technical feasibility and economic benefits, a segmented interval charging structure is adopted, dividing the charge into upper and lower sections to raise the center of gravity of the charge in the borehole. During operation, firstly, a 90mm emulsion explosive is used to reinforce the charge within a 2.0m range from the bottom of the borehole. The explosive roll is cut open and lowered into the borehole using a hoisting rope to achieve coupled charging. Then, a detonating charge is placed at the bottom 1.0m, with the detonator's shaped charge cavity facing the borehole opening to achieve reverse detonation. The remaining portion of the lower charge section is directly lowered using a single explosive roll to achieve uncoupled charging. A PVC air gap column is installed between the upper and lower charge sections. The upper charge also uses an uncoupled charging method, with the explosive roll being lowered into the borehole using a hoisting rope. The length of the PVC air gap column is calculated using the air layer ratio formula Ra=La / (La+Le), where the total charge length Le is the sum of the lengths of the upper uncoupled charge, the lower uncoupled charge, and the bottom reinforcing charge. To ensure reliable detonation, each borehole uses at least two digital electronic detonators, and a network connection method with sequential detonation is employed. This charging structure ensures both effective bottom fragmentation and efficient energy distribution through air gaps.

[0083] Specifically, the proportion of the air layer in the total length of the charge is controlled between the minimum air layer proportion threshold and the maximum air layer proportion threshold, while ensuring that the position of the PVC interval air column makes the length of the bottom reinforced explosive column not less than the minimum length requirement. Taking an actual application in a mine as an example, the blast hole diameter is 115 mm, the bench height is 15 m, the bottom resistance line is 3.8 m, the overdeep is 1.5 m, and the single-hole charge is about 92 kg. According to the air layer proportion formula Ra=La / (La+Le), the proportion of the air layer in the total length of the charge is controlled between 15% and 33%, that is, the length of the PVC interval section should be in the range of 1.95 m to 4.29 m. Considering the convenience of production and transportation, the length of the PVC interval section is selected to be 2.5-3.0 m. In order to ensure the bottom breaking effect, it is calculated that the lower charge length should not be less than 6.1 m (calculated from 3 / 33%=9.1 m), that is, the top end of the PVC interval pipe is 9.1 m away from the hole bottom. In the actual charging process, the finished product machine sand is used for filling, and the filling height is controlled at 3.0 m, which not only ensures the upper charge amount but also improves the charging gravity center. The initiation network adopts the hole-by-hole initiation mode, the front row of blast holes is initiated before the rear row, the inter-hole delay is 17 ms, the inter-row delay is 42 ms, and the initiation is sequentially performed from the best side to the other side of the free face. The combination of this charging structure and initiation mode not only meets the safety and reliability requirements but also realizes the ideal breaking effect.

[0084] In one embodiment, the explosive cartridges of different diameters include two or three different diameter specifications, wherein the large-diameter explosive cartridges are used in the main breaking area, and the small-diameter explosive cartridges are used in the transition zone.

[0085] Specifically, the present embodiment adopts different diameter explosive cartridge combinations, uses 90 mm diameter emulsion explosive as a reinforced charge section within 2 m of the hole bottom to realize coupled charging, and uses 90 mm and 70 mm diameter cartridges to realize radial uncoupling charging by means of a sling. This charging structure fully utilizes the advantages of radial uncoupling charging by increasing the uncoupling coefficient, and effectively reduces the pressure peak at the blasting moment and the breaking area by combining with the air interval charging theory. The large-diameter cartridges are arranged in the main breaking area, and the small-diameter cartridges are arranged in the transition zone. This arrangement not only reduces the fine ore rate but also improves the uniformity of the blasting lump size in the upper filling area, effectively controlling the large lump rate. Practice has proved that this radial uncoupling and axial uncoupling combined charging structure can achieve more ideal blasting effect.

[0086] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 4 , in step S140, the lump size after blasting is quantitatively analyzed by a lump size analysis software and a data model is established to obtain and optimize the best combination parameters of the axial uncoupling degree, the radial uncoupling degree and the blocking length, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0087] S410, photograph the muck pile surface to obtain a muck pile surface image.

[0088] The plurality of image acquisition points are uniformly distributed on the muck pile surface after the post-blasting inspection is completed and the muck pile is stable. Two standard test balls with the same diameter are placed at each image acquisition point, and the distance between the two standard test balls is adjusted to be greater than a preset distance. A certain range of acquisition areas is cleaned around the standard test balls at each image acquisition point to ensure that the muck pile surface is fully exposed in the acquisition areas. Each acquisition area is vertically photographed to obtain a muck pile surface image containing the standard test balls.

[0089] Specifically, the block size analysis work is carried out after the post-blasting inspection is completed and the muck pile is stable. First, a plurality of representative image acquisition points are selected on the muck pile surface, and the image acquisition points are uniformly distributed to ensure the representativeness of the samples. Two standard test balls with the same diameter are placed at each image acquisition point as size reference objects, and the distance between the two balls is kept above 1.5 meters to reduce the perspective error. After the standard balls are laid out, the acquisition areas are properly cleaned to remove loose surface rocks, so that the muck pile surface in the acquisition areas is fully exposed.

[0090] S420, processing the muck pile surface image using a block size analysis software, and analyzing the block size distribution according to the processing result.

[0091] In one embodiment, the muck pile surface image is processed using a block size analysis software to obtain a software analysis condition diagram and a muck pile block size distribution condition diagram as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 , so as to visually analyze the muck pile condition.

[0092] S430, testing the influence of different axial decoupling degrees, radial decoupling degrees and plug lengths on the block size using a control variable method according to the block size distribution.

[0093] S440, determining the optimal parameter combination according to the test result and a preset control target.

[0094] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 7 , in step S430, the influence of different axial decoupling degrees, radial decoupling degrees and plug lengths on the block size is tested using a control variable method according to the block size distribution, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0095] S431, selecting a reference blast hole as a control group, and taking the existing axial decoupling degree, radial decoupling degree and plug length of the reference blast hole as the reference parameters.

[0096] S432, testing the axial decoupling degree in a progressive manner while keeping the radial decoupling degree and the plug length unchanged.

[0097] In this embodiment, the initial change interval is 0.15 times the borehole diameter, and when the lump size change trend is obvious, it is reduced to 0.08 times, and in the critical region, it is refined to 0.05 times, and the lump size distribution data under each axis decoupling degree is recorded;

[0098] S433, under the condition of keeping the axis decoupling degree and the plug length unchanged, the radial decoupling degree is tested by gradually changing.

[0099] In this embodiment, the initial change interval is 0.15 times the borehole diameter, and when the lump size change trend is obvious, it is reduced to 0.08 times, and in the critical region, it is refined to 0.05 times, and the lump size distribution data under each axis decoupling degree is recorded;

[0100] S434, under the condition of keeping the axis decoupling degree and the radial decoupling degree unchanged, the plug length is tested by gradually changing.

[0101] In this embodiment, the initial change interval is 0.8 times the borehole diameter, and when the lump size change trend is obvious, it is reduced to 0.4 times, and in the critical region, it is refined to 0.2 times, and the lump size distribution data under each plug length is recorded.

[0102] In one embodiment, with reference to Figure 8 , in step S440, the preset control target includes:

[0103] S441, controlling the average lump size of the ore after blasting to be lower than the average lump size threshold, and the large lump rate to be lower than the large lump rate threshold.

[0104] Among them, the average lump size and the large lump rate are key indicators to measure the blasting effect, and the reasonable control threshold needs to be determined according to the mining process requirements of the mine and the processing capacity of the subsequent crushing equipment. The average lump size is too large, which will increase the secondary crushing workload, and too small will cause resource waste and increase the powder ore rate.

[0105] Specifically, for the mining operation of a certain open-pit iron mine, the average lump size of the ore after blasting is controlled to be below 500mm, and the large lump rate (the proportion of ore larger than 1000mm) is controlled to be within 8%.

[0106] S442, controlling the blasting lump size uniformity coefficient to be higher than the uniformity threshold, and the blasting powder ore rate to be lower than the powder ore rate threshold.

[0107] Among them, the lump size uniformity coefficient reflects the distribution of different particle sizes of ore in the blast pile, and too low uniformity will increase the processing difficulty of the subsequent beneficiation process. The powder ore rate is directly related to the recovery rate and economic benefit of the ore, and needs to be strictly controlled within a reasonable range.

[0108] S443、In the case of keeping the set explosive unit consumption unchanged, the blockiness control is realized by adjusting the charge structure.

[0109] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 9 , in step S443, the adjustment of the charge structure includes the following steps:

[0110] S4431, adjusting the initial plug length while keeping the hole pattern parameters unchanged.

[0111] S4432, adjusting the length and distribution position of the PVC interval air column in the blast hole to optimize the charge axis decoupling structure.

[0112] S4433, adjusting the combination mode and loading position of the explosive rolls with different diameters in the blast hole to optimize the charge radial decoupling structure.

[0113] It should be understood that the size of the serial number of each step in the above embodiment does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined according to its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0114] In a second aspect, the present application provides a mine blasting construction blockiness control system. The mine blasting construction blockiness control system of the present application will be described below in combination with the mine blasting construction blockiness control method described above.

[0115] Referring to Figure 10 , a mine blasting construction blockiness control system includes:

[0116] An initial plug length determination module is configured to determine an initial plug length based on the hole pattern parameters obtained from the pre-blasting and construction during the infrastructure period.

[0117] A charge axis decoupling structure determination module is configured to set a plurality of PVC interval air columns with different lengths in the blast hole, and the PVC interval air columns are distributed along the axial direction of the blast hole to form a charge axis decoupling structure.

[0118] A charge radial decoupling structure determination module is configured to sequentially load at least two explosive rolls with different diameters at different positions along the axial direction of the blast hole to form a charge radial decoupling structure.

[0119] An optimal combination parameter determination module is configured to quantitatively analyze the blockiness after blasting by using a blockiness analysis software and establish a data model to obtain and optimize the optimal combination parameters of the axial decoupling degree, the radial decoupling degree, and the plug length.

[0120] In one embodiment, the present application provides an electronic device, which can be a server, and the internal structure diagram thereof can be as shown in Figure 11As shown. The electronic device includes a processor, a memory and a network interface connected through a system bus. Among them, the processor of the electronic device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the electronic device includes a non-volatile storage medium, an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium to run. The database of the electronic device is used to store data. The network interface of the electronic device is used to communicate with external terminals through network connection. The computer program is executed by the processor to implement a mine blasting construction block degree control method.

[0121] Those skilled in the art can understand that, Figure 11 The structure shown in the figure is only a block diagram of part of the structure related to the scheme of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device to which the scheme of the present application is applied. The specific electronic device can include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different component arrangement.

[0122] In one embodiment, an electronic device is also provided, including a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the computer program to implement the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0123] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiments can be completed by a computer program instructing related hardware. The above-mentioned computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the above-mentioned embodiments. Any reference to memory, storage, database or other medium used in the embodiments provided by the present application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory or optical memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. As an illustration but not as a limitation, RAM can be in various forms such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM), etc.

[0124] The above are the preferred embodiments of the present application, which do not limit the protection scope of the present application, therefore: any equivalent changes made on the structure, shape, principle of the present application shall be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the size of blasting blocks in mine operations, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The initial plugging length was determined based on the hole mesh parameters from the early test blasts and construction during the infrastructure phase of the mine. Multiple PVC spacer air columns of different lengths are installed inside the borehole, and the PVC spacer air columns are distributed along the borehole axis to form a non-coupled structure of the charge axis. At least two different diameter explosive cartridges are sequentially loaded into different positions along the axial direction inside the borehole to form a radially decoupled charge structure. The block size analysis software was used to quantitatively analyze the block size after blasting and establish a data model to obtain and optimize the optimal combination parameters of axial decoupling degree, radial decoupling degree and blockage length. The process involves quantitatively analyzing the size of the blasted blocks using block size analysis software and establishing a data model. This process aims to obtain and optimize the best combination of parameters for axial decoupling, radial decoupling, and blockage length. Specifically, the steps include: The surface of the blast pile was photographed to obtain an image of the blast pile surface; The surface image of the blast pile was processed using block size analysis software, and the distribution of large blocks was analyzed based on the processing results. Based on the block distribution, the effects of different axial decoupling degrees, radial decoupling degrees, and blockage lengths on block size were tested using the controlled variable method. Based on the test results and the preset control objectives, determine the optimal parameter combination.

2. The method for controlling the block size in mine blasting construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the PVC spacer air column is set according to the rock characteristics and target block size requirements, and is used to adjust the axial transmission characteristics of the explosion energy. Specifically, it includes the following steps: Based on rock characteristics and target block size requirements, determine the minimum and maximum air layer ratio thresholds, as well as the minimum length requirement for the bottom reinforcing charge. In the borehole, according to the arrangement structure of the upper uncoupled charge column, PVC spacer air column, lower uncoupled charge column and bottom reinforcing charge column, the length of the PVC spacer air column is determined by the air layer ratio formula Ra=La / (La+Le), where La is the air gap length and Le is the total charge length, which includes the sum of the lengths of the upper uncoupled charge column, the lower uncoupled charge column and the bottom reinforcing charge column; The proportion of the air layer to the total length of the charge is controlled to be between the minimum air layer proportion threshold and the maximum air layer proportion threshold, while ensuring that the position of the PVC spacer air column ensures that the length of the bottom reinforcing charge column is not less than the minimum length requirement.

3. The method for controlling the block size in mine blasting construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The explosive rolls of different diameters include two or three different diameter specifications, wherein the large-diameter explosive rolls are used in the main breaking zone and the small-diameter explosive rolls are used in the transition zone.

4. The method for controlling the block size in mine blasting construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the blast pile is photographed to obtain an image of the blast pile surface, specifically including the following steps: After the blasting inspection is completed and the blast pile is stabilized, multiple evenly distributed image acquisition points are set up on the surface of the blast pile. Place two standard test balls of the same diameter at each image acquisition point, and adjust the distance between the two standard test balls to be greater than the preset distance. A certain range of acquisition area is cleared around the standard test ball at each image acquisition point to ensure that the surface of the explosion within the acquisition area is completely exposed; Vertical images were taken of each acquisition area to obtain images of the burst surface containing a standard test ball.

5. The method for controlling the block size in mine blasting construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset control objectives include: After blasting, the average size of the ore is controlled to be lower than the average size threshold, and the rate of large ore is lower than the rate of large ore. Control the blasting block uniformity coefficient to be higher than the uniformity threshold, and the blasting powder ratio to be lower than the powder ratio threshold; While keeping the set explosive consumption constant, the block size can be controlled by adjusting the charge structure.

6. The method for controlling the block size in mine blasting construction according to claim 5, characterized in that, The adjustment of the propellant loading structure includes the following steps: Adjust the initial clogging length while keeping the mesh parameters constant; Adjust the length and distribution of the PVC spacer air column within the borehole to optimize the decoupled structure of the charge axis. Adjust the combination of explosive cartridges of different diameters and their loading positions in the borehole to optimize the radially decoupled structure of the explosive charge.

7. A block size control system for mine blasting construction, characterized in that, The method for controlling the block size in mine blasting construction according to any one of claims 1-6 includes: The initial plugging length determination module is used to determine the initial plugging length based on the hole mesh parameters obtained during the early test blasting and infrastructure construction in the mining area. The module for determining the uncoupled structure of the charge axis is used to set multiple PVC spacer air columns of different lengths in the borehole. The PVC spacer air columns are distributed along the borehole axis to form an uncoupled structure of the charge axis. The charge radial decoupled structure determination module is used to sequentially load at least two different diameter explosive cartridges at different positions along the axial direction in the borehole to form a charge radial decoupled structure. The optimal combination parameter determination module is used to quantitatively analyze the block size after blasting and establish a data model through block size analysis software, and to obtain and optimize the optimal combination parameters of axial decoupling degree, radial decoupling degree and blockage length.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, The method includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method for controlling the block size of mining blasting construction as described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the method for controlling the block size of mining blasting construction as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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