Multi-electrode error compensation rainfall sensing and rainwater self-energy supply coordinated rain gauge

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-electrode error compensation rainfall sensing and rainwater self-energizing synergetic rain gauge, which comprises a funnel, a top cover, a reference environment electrode, a water inlet pipe, an upper electrode fixing plate, a capacitive sensor, a shell, a siphon, a rainfall measuring electrode, a zinc pipe, a reference rainwater electrode and a lower electrode fixing plate, compared with a traditional capacitance type rain gauge, the device adopts the reference rainwater electrode and the reference environment electrode to respectively compensate measurement errors caused by changes of rainwater and air dielectric constants due to environment changes, the rainfall measurement precision is improved, and the measurement accuracy is improved. Rainwater energy is collected through electrochemical reaction between the zinc pipe and the carbon pipe, and electric energy is provided for the device. Meanwhile, a siphon drainage function is added, so that self-drainage of the device is realized. The device can eliminate measurement errors caused by the environment, has a self-powered function, adapts to the field complex environment, and improves the long-term operation capability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of meteorological observation and measurement, and in particular relates to a rain gauge with coordinated multi-electrode error compensation rainfall sensing and rainwater self-power supply. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the intensification of global climate change, various extreme weather events have occurred frequently, especially heavy rainfall and drought disasters, which have brought major challenges to agricultural production, urban operations, water resources management and geological disaster monitoring. As an important parameter for meteorological monitoring, the accurate measurement of rainfall is of great significance for flood prevention and disaster reduction, scientific scheduling of water resources and agricultural irrigation management. Traditional rainfall sensors usually need battery power to realize their own functions. Therefore, energy supply issues such as battery replacement and maintenance seriously restrict the application of rainfall sensors as nodes in wireless rainfall information sensor networks in the above environment.

[0003] Existing rainfall monitoring equipment is mainly based on mechanical measurement principles or simple electrical induction structures. Although it can complete basic rainfall monitoring, it is prone to measurement errors during long-term use due to mechanical wear, environmental influences, and changes in rain characteristics. Traditional capacitive rain gauges are easily affected by environmental factors such as temperature. At the same time, existing devices usually rely on external power supply systems and are difficult to achieve long-term stable operation in complex outdoor environments. In order to solve the shortcomings of traditional equipment in terms of accuracy, durability, and energy supply, there is a need for a rain gauge with more stable performance, the ability to adapt to complex environments, and self-powered capabilities to provide a more reliable solution for rainfall monitoring. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a rain gauge that cooperates with multi-electrode error compensation rainfall sensor and rainwater self-power supply. By using reference rainwater electrodes and reference air electrodes, the influence caused by the change of dielectric constant of rainwater and air in actual use is compensated, and the problem that capacitive rain gauges are easily affected by environmental factors such as temperature is solved. And by collecting rainwater energy to provide the energy required by the device, the durability and stability of the device are improved, and the demand for long-term autonomous operation in complex outdoor environments is met.

[0005] In order to realize the present invention, the technical solution adopted is: a rain gauge with multi-electrode error compensation rainfall sensor and rainwater self-power supply, comprising a funnel (1), a top cover (2), a reference environment electrode (3), a water inlet pipe (4), an upper electrode fixing plate (5), a capacitive sensor (6), a housing (7), a siphon (8), a rainfall measurement electrode (9), a zinc tube (10), a reference rainwater electrode (11), and a lower electrode fixing plate (12). The funnel (1) is fixed on the top cover (2), the water inlet pipe (4) is fixed under the funnel (1), the siphon (8) passes through the shell (7) and is fixed on the shell (7), so that the device can collect rainwater and drain water by itself. The upper electrode fixing plate (5) and the lower electrode fixing plate (12) are placed horizontally with a spacing from the shell (7), the shell (7) is perpendicular to the upper and lower electrode fixing plates and is fixedly connected to the electrode fixing plates, the top cover (2) is fixed on the shell (7), and the rainfall measuring electrode (9) is fixed on the slot on the reverse side of the upper electrode fixing plate (5), so that the rainfall can be measured by the accumulation of rainwater. The capacitance between the electrodes changes, thereby measuring rainfall. The reference rainwater electrode (11) is fixed on the slot of the lower electrode fixing plate (12) and is immersed in rainwater to compensate for changes in the dielectric constant of rainwater. The reference environment electrode (3) is fixed on the front slot of the upper electrode fixing plate (5) and is placed in the air to compensate for changes in the dielectric constant of air. The zinc tube (10) and the carbon tube 1 (16) are fixed on the back slot of the upper electrode fixing plate (5) and are in contact with rainwater to generate electrical energy through electrochemical reaction. The capacitance sensor (6) is placed closely on the upper electrode fixing plate (5) to achieve capacitance measurement.

[0006] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: 1. The present invention is based on the principle of capacitive liquid level measurement, which reduces the wear and fatigue of the mechanical parts of the traditional rain gauge and makes it adaptable to long-term stable operation in complex environments; 2. The present invention adopts a reference rain electrode and a reference air electrode to compensate for the influence caused by the change of the dielectric constant of rain and air in actual use, and solves the problem that the capacitive rain gauge is easily affected by environmental factors such as temperature; 3. The present invention utilizes electrochemical principles and two electrodes to collect rainwater energy to provide electrical energy for the device, thereby improving the durability and stability of the device and meeting the needs of long-term autonomous operation in complex outdoor environments; 4. By adding a siphon, the device can collect rainwater and drain water by itself; 5. The device is designed as a cylindrical structure, and the device can be placed into a common cylindrical rainwater collection barrel with a funnel diameter of 20 cm on the market. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Figure 1 It is the installation schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is an overall side view of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention; Figure 4 is the overall system block diagram of the present invention; Among them: 1: funnel; 2: top cover; 3: reference environment electrode; 4: water inlet pipe; 5: upper electrode fixing plate; 6: capacitive sensor; 7: shell; 8: siphon; 9: rainfall measurement electrode; 10: zinc tube; 11: reference rainwater electrode; 12: lower electrode fixing plate; 13: stainless steel rod 3 with outer insulation layer; 14: carbon tube 3; 15: stainless steel rod 1 with outer insulation layer; 16: carbon tube 1; 17: stainless steel rod 2 with outer insulation layer; 18: carbon tube 2; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0008] A rain gauge with multi-electrode error compensation rainfall sensor and rainwater self-power supply. The rain gauge comprises a funnel (1), a top cover (2), a reference environment electrode (3), a water inlet pipe (4), an upper electrode fixing plate (5), a capacitive sensor (6), a shell (7), a siphon (8), a rainfall measurement electrode (9), a zinc tube (10), a reference rainwater electrode (11), and a lower electrode fixing plate (12). The rain gauge is characterized in that the funnel (1) is fixed on the top cover (2), the water inlet pipe (4) is fixed below the funnel (1), the siphon (8) passes through the shell (7) and is fixed on the shell (7), so that the device can collect rainwater and self-drain. The upper electrode fixing plate (5) and the lower electrode fixing plate (12) are placed horizontally with a spacing from the shell (7), the shell (7) is perpendicular to the upper and lower electrode fixing plates and is fixedly connected to the electrode fixing plates, and the top cover (2) is fixed to the upper and lower electrode fixing plates. The rainfall measuring electrode (9) is fixed on the housing (7), and is fixed on the slot on the back side of the upper electrode fixing plate (5). The accumulation of rainwater causes the capacitance between the electrodes to change, thereby measuring rainfall. The reference rainwater electrode (11) is fixed on the slot of the lower electrode fixing plate (12), and is immersed in rainwater to compensate for changes in the dielectric constant of rainwater. The reference environment electrode (3) is fixed on the front slot of the upper electrode fixing plate (5), and is placed in the air to compensate for changes in the dielectric constant of air. The zinc tube (10) and the carbon tube 1 (16) are fixed on the slot on the back side of the upper electrode fixing plate (5), and are in contact with rainwater to generate electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. The capacitance sensor (6) is placed closely on the upper electrode fixing plate (5) to achieve capacitance measurement.

[0009] Working principle: When rainfall occurs, the funnel (1) fixed on the top cover (2) first collects rainwater, and then the rainwater reaches the reference rainwater electrode (11) through the water inlet pipe (4). As the collected rainwater continues to increase, the reference rainwater electrode (11) is completely immersed in the rainwater. The function of the reference rainwater electrode (11) is to measure and calibrate the change in the dielectric constant of rainwater in real time. The capacitance value of the reference rainwater electrode (11) measured by the capacitance sensor (6) reflects the change in the dielectric constant of rainwater and compensates for the measurement error caused by the change in the dielectric constant of rainwater. The rainfall measurement electrode (9) is used to measure the liquid level of actual rainfall. As rainwater accumulates in the measurement area, the capacitance value of the rainfall measurement electrode (9) changes with the change in the rainwater liquid level. The capacitance value measured by the capacitance sensor (6) reflects the change in the actual rainfall. In order to eliminate the interference of external conditions such as ambient temperature and humidity on the measurement results, the reference environment electrode (3) in the device measures the change in the dielectric constant of the air in real time, further compensates for the error caused by environmental factors, and ensures the accuracy of rainfall measurement. When the rainfall process stops, the capacitive sensor (6) stops measuring. At this time, when rainwater accumulates on the surface of the zinc tube (10) and the carbon tube (16) of the rainfall measuring electrode (9), the rainwater acts as an electrolyte, an electrochemical reaction occurs to generate electrical energy, which is stored in the energy management circuit. The stored electrical energy can provide the device with the energy required for operation. When the collected rainwater reaches the set height, the siphon (8) starts the drainage function, and the water level is drained to the interface position of the reference rainwater electrode (11) through the siphon (8). The device can continue to collect rainwater and realize continuous measurement through the rainfall measuring electrode (9). No human intervention is required, and the self-draining function is completed, thereby ensuring that the device can continue to operate.

[0010] Preferably, a structure for preventing rainwater evaporation is added above the reference rainwater electrode (11) to reduce rainwater evaporation and ensure that the electrode is always immersed in rainwater, thereby ensuring the continuity and accuracy of the measurement.

[0011] Preferably, the inner wall of the funnel (1) is made of a low-adhesion material, which can reduce rainwater retention and improve rainwater guiding efficiency, ensure that rainwater quickly flows into the measurement area, and improve the response speed of the device.

[0012] It should be noted that the above-mentioned technical features continue to be combined with each other to form various embodiments not listed above, which are all deemed to be within the scope of the present invention; and, for ordinary technicians in this field, they can be improved or transformed according to the above description, and all these improvements and transformations should fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A rain gauge with multi-electrode error compensation rainfall sensor and rainwater self-power supply, comprising a funnel (1), a top cover (2), a reference environment electrode (3), a water inlet pipe (4), an upper electrode fixing plate (5), a capacitive sensor (6), a housing (7), a siphon (8), a rainfall measurement electrode (9), a zinc tube (10), a reference rainwater electrode (11), and a lower electrode fixing plate (12), characterized in that: The funnel (1) is fixed on the top cover (2), the water inlet pipe (4) is fixed below the funnel (1), the siphon (8) passes through the shell (7) and is fixed on the shell (7), the upper electrode fixing plate (5) and the lower electrode fixing plate (12) are horizontally placed with a spacing from the shell (7), the shell (7) is perpendicular to the upper and lower electrode fixing plates and is fixedly connected to the electrode fixing plates, the top cover (2) is fixed on the shell (7), and the rainfall measuring electrode (9) includes a carbon tube 1 (16), a stainless steel rod 1 (15) with an outer insulating layer, and an upper electrode fixing plate (5), the carbon tube 1 (16) is fixed on the slot on the back side of the upper electrode fixing plate (5), the stainless steel rod 1 (15) with an outer insulating layer is fixed on the slot on the back side of the upper electrode fixing plate (5), the reference rainwater electrode (11) includes a carbon tube 2 (18), a stainless steel rod 2 (17) with an outer insulating layer and a lower electrode fixing plate (12), the carbon tube 2 (18) is fixed on the slot of the lower electrode fixing plate (12), the stainless steel rod 2 (17) with an outer insulating layer is fixed on the slot of the lower electrode fixing plate (12), the reference environment electrode (3) includes a carbon tube 3 (14 ), a stainless steel rod 3 (13) with an outer insulating layer and an upper electrode fixing plate (5), the carbon tube 3 (14) is fixed on the front slot of the upper electrode fixing plate (5), the stainless steel rod 3 (13) with an outer insulating layer is fixed on the front slot of the upper electrode fixing plate (5), a rainwater energy collection unit comprises a zinc tube (10), a carbon tube 1 (16) and an upper electrode fixing plate (5), the zinc tube (10) is fixed on the back slot of the upper electrode fixing plate (5), the carbon tube 1 (16) is the carbon tube 1 (16) of the rainfall measurement electrode (9), and the capacitive sensor (6) is placed closely On the upper electrode fixing plate (5), when the device collects rainwater through the funnel (1), the rainwater enters the rainfall measuring electrode (9) from the funnel (1). The accumulation of rainwater causes the capacitance measured by the rainfall measuring electrode (9) to change. At the same time, the zinc tube (10) and the carbon tube 1 (16) of the rainwater energy collection unit contact the rainwater to generate electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. The reference rainwater electrode (11) and the reference environment electrode (3) are used to compensate for the change in the dielectric constant of rainwater and air. When the rainwater exceeds the target height, the siphon (8) completes the discharge of rainwater to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the device.

2. A rain gauge with multi-electrode error compensation rainfall sensing and rainwater self-power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The funnel (1) is fixed on the top cover (2), the water inlet pipe (4) is fixed below the funnel (1), and the siphon (8) passes through the outer shell (7) and is fixed on the outer shell (7), thereby realizing the functions of collecting rainwater and self-draining of the device.

3. A rain gauge with multi-electrode error compensation rainfall sensor and rainwater self-power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rainfall measurement electrode (9) is fixed to a slot on the reverse side of the upper electrode fixing plate (5), and the accumulation of rainwater causes the capacitance between the electrodes to change, thereby measuring the rainfall.

4. A rain gauge with multi-electrode error compensation rainfall sensing and rainwater self-power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reference rainwater electrode (11) is fixed on the slot of the lower electrode fixing plate (12) and is immersed in rainwater to compensate for changes in the dielectric constant of rainwater.

5. A rain gauge with multi-electrode error compensation rainfall sensing and rainwater self-power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reference environment electrode (3) is fixed on the front slot of the upper electrode fixing plate (5) and is placed in the air to compensate for changes in the dielectric constant of the air.

6. A rain gauge with multi-electrode error compensation rainfall sensing and rainwater self-power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The zinc tube (10) and the carbon tube 1 (16) are fixed to the slot on the reverse side of the upper electrode fixing plate (5), come into contact with rainwater, and generate electrical energy through electrochemical reaction.

7. A rain gauge with multi-electrode error compensation rainfall sensing and rainwater self-power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capacitive sensor (6) is placed closely on the upper electrode fixing plate (5) to achieve capacitance measurement.

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