Calculation method for concentration ratios of rainfall in different forms

Abstract

The invention relates to a calculation method for concentration ratios of rainfall in different forms, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining meteorological data and elevation data of a to-be-measured time period of a research region, and generating a wet bulb temperature and a threshold temperature according to the meteorological data and the elevation data; wherein the threshold temperature comprises a critical high temperature and a critical low temperature; performing temperature judgment on the wet bulb temperature based on the threshold temperature, acquiring different rainfall types of the research area, and acquiring rainfall amounts of different types of rainfall in combination with rainfall data; calculating the cumulative rainfall days and the cumulative rainfall amount of different types of rainfall through the rainfall amount, calculating the concentration ratio of different rainfall types by using the regression coefficient, and further calculating the concentration ratio and the rainfall concentration period of the rainfall in the region by combining the vector azimuth angle. The method can solve the problem that the spatial and temporal distribution of the concentration ratio of different rainfall types cannot be effectively quantified, and makes up for the defect that the existing index cannot accurately reflect the change of different rainfall types and the influence of the concentration degree on regional water resource management and weather prediction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric precipitation index analysis, and in particular to a method for calculating the concentration of precipitation in different forms. Background Art

[0002] Changes in precipitation patterns are an important part of the regional water cycle system, which not only affects the distribution of regional water resources, but also affects the stability of regional ecosystems. Against the backdrop of climate change and frequent extreme weather, the form and concentration of precipitation have put forward higher requirements for the utilization and management of regional water resources. In particular, the concentration of precipitation in different forms (such as rain, snow, sleet, etc.) directly affects the frequency of flood disasters in the basin, the distribution of soil moisture, and the sustainable use of water resources. Therefore, in-depth research and quantification of the concentration of precipitation in different forms will help provide a scientific basis for the rational planning and management of regional water resources.

[0003] At present, although some studies have explored indicators such as regional annual precipitation and number of precipitation days, which reflect the changing trend of precipitation to a certain extent, they cannot reveal the changes in the concentration of different forms of precipitation in time and space. Especially in the context of climate change, the type of precipitation and its distribution pattern may change significantly. These changes may lead to more frequent and more intense extreme weather events, which in turn affect the management and utilization of water resources in the region. Existing studies on precipitation concentration mostly focus on changes in total precipitation. However, changes in regional precipitation concentration include not only the total amount of precipitation, but also the temporal and spatial distribution and concentration of different forms of precipitation. Existing studies on precipitation concentration ignore this aspect. Changes in the concentration of different forms of precipitation are of great significance for understanding the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for calculating the concentration of precipitation in different forms, which can solve the problem that the spatiotemporal distribution of concentration of different precipitation types cannot be effectively quantified in existing studies, and at the same time make up for the deficiency that existing indicators cannot accurately reflect the changes in different precipitation types and their concentration levels on regional water resources management and meteorological forecasting.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] A method for calculating the concentration of precipitation in different forms, including:

[0007] Obtaining meteorological data and elevation data of the study area during the time period to be measured, and obtaining the precipitation of the different types of precipitation;

[0008] The accumulated precipitation days and accumulated precipitation of different types of precipitation are calculated by the precipitation, and the concentration of different precipitation types is calculated by using the regression coefficient, and the concentration of precipitation and the concentrated period of precipitation in the region are further calculated by combining the vector azimuth;

[0009] Among them, the concentrations of different precipitation types include: precipitation concentration, snowfall concentration and rainfall concentration; the concentrations of precipitation in the region include: regional precipitation concentration, regional snowfall concentration and regional rainfall concentration; the precipitation concentration period includes: regional precipitation concentration period, regional snowfall concentration period and regional rainfall concentration period.

[0010] Optionally, obtaining the precipitation amounts of the different types of precipitation includes:

[0011] Generate a wet bulb temperature and a threshold temperature according to the meteorological data and the elevation data; wherein the threshold temperature includes: a critical high temperature and a critical low temperature;

[0012] The wet-bulb temperature is judged based on the threshold temperature to obtain different precipitation types in the study area, and the precipitation amounts of different types of precipitation are obtained in combination with precipitation data.

[0013] Optionally, generating the wet-bulb temperature and the threshold temperature comprises:

[0014] The relative humidity of the study area is calculated according to the meteorological data, and the target parameters are calculated based on the elevation data and the relative temperature, wherein the target parameters include: a first target parameter T0, a second target parameter ΔT, and a third target parameter ΔS; the first target parameter T0 is a threshold temperature reference in precipitation type discrimination, the second target parameter ΔT is a temperature range parameter for measuring precipitation form transformation, and the third target parameter ΔS is a nonlinear degree parameter for describing precipitation form transformation;

[0015] The formula for calculating the first target parameter is:

[0016] T0=-5.87-0.1042Z+0.0885Z 2 +16.06R H -9.614R H 2 ;

[0017] The formula for calculating the second target parameter is:

[0018] ΔT=0.215-0.099R H +1.018R H 2 ;

[0019] The formula for calculating the third target parameter is:

[0020] ΔS=2.374-1.634R H ;

[0021] Among them, Z is the elevation data, R H is the relative humidity;

[0022] The threshold temperature is calculated by using the target parameter and combined with the meteorological data to obtain the wet bulb temperature.

[0023] Optionally, the formula for generating the threshold temperature is:

[0024]

[0025] Among them, T min is the critical low temperature, T max is the critical high temperature, T0 is the first target parameter, ΔT is the second target parameter, and ΔS is the third target parameter.

[0026] Alternatively, the formula for generating the wet bulb temperature is:

[0027]

[0028] Among them, e sat (T a ) is the temperature T a The corresponding saturated water vapor pressure, R H is the relative humidity, p s is the atmospheric pressure, is the symbol of partial derivative.

[0029] Optionally, the formula for obtaining different precipitation types in the study area is:

[0030]

[0031] Among them, snow is snowfall discrimination, sleet is sleet discrimination, rain is rainfall discrimination, T w is the target precipitation type, T min is the critical low temperature, T max Critical high temperature.

[0032] Optionally, obtaining the concentration of different precipitation types includes:

[0033] The accumulated precipitation days and accumulated precipitation of different types of precipitation are calculated by the above precipitation:

[0034] Y = Xexp[-b(100-X) c ];

[0035] Among them, Y is the cumulative precipitation, and X is the cumulative precipitation days;

[0036] The area formed by closing the quadrant bisector and the broken line:

[0037]

[0038] Where b and c are the regression coefficients estimated by the least squares method using precipitation data;

[0039] calculating a concentration index based on said area;

[0040] CI = S / 5000;

[0041] Where S is the area;

[0042] The concentration of the different precipitation types is obtained through the accumulated precipitation, the area and the concentration index.

[0043] Optionally, the formula for calculating the regional precipitation concentration is:

[0044]

[0045] Among them, i is the year, j is the month of the year, and R xi represents the horizontal component of precipitation, R yi represents the vertical component of precipitation, R i Represents the vector composite total of annual precipitation.

[0046] Optionally, the formula for calculating the snowfall concentration in the region is:

[0047]

[0048] Among them, R xi represents the horizontal component of precipitation, R yi Represents the vertical component of precipitation.

[0049] Optionally, obtain the horizontal component R of the precipitation xi , the vertical component of precipitation R yi and the vector composite total amount of annual precipitation R i The formula is:

[0050] R i =∑r ij ;

[0051] R xi =∑r ij sinθ j ;

[0052] R yi =∑r ij ·cosθ j ;

[0053] Among them, r ij is the total precipitation in the jth month of the i-th year, θ j is the azimuth of the jth month.

[0054] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0055] The present invention provides a new precipitation concentration calculation method, which overcomes the problem that the spatiotemporal distribution of the concentration of different precipitation types cannot be effectively quantified in existing research, and makes up for the shortcomings of existing indicators in reflecting the changes and concentration of different precipitation types.

[0056] By defining and calculating the concentration and concentration period of different precipitation types (such as total precipitation, snowfall, rainfall concentration and its concentration period), the present invention can evaluate the changing characteristics of precipitation types in multiple dimensions and improve the comprehensiveness and systematicness of research on climate change and precipitation patterns.

[0057] The present invention is not only applicable to short-term weather forecasts, but can also be applied to long-term space-time series research. It can better analyze the impact of different precipitation types on regional water resources and meteorological changes, and provide more accurate data support for water resources management and meteorological forecasting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0059] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a method for calculating precipitation concentrations of different forms according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 A flow chart of a method for calculating precipitation concentrations of different forms according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of precipitation concentration PCI according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of snowfall concentration SCD according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of PCP during the concentrated precipitation period according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0066] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment discloses a method for calculating the concentration of precipitation in different forms, including: obtaining meteorological data and elevation data of a study area during a time period to be measured, generating a wet-bulb temperature and a threshold temperature according to the meteorological data and the elevation data; wherein the threshold temperature includes: a critical high temperature and a critical low temperature; performing temperature judgment on the wet-bulb temperature based on the threshold temperature, obtaining different precipitation types in the study area, and obtaining precipitation amounts of different types of precipitation in combination with the precipitation data; calculating the cumulative precipitation days and cumulative precipitation amounts of different types of precipitation by precipitation amounts, calculating the concentration of different precipitation types by using regression coefficients, and further calculating the concentration of precipitation in the region and the precipitation concentration period in combination with the vector azimuth; wherein the concentration of different precipitation types includes: precipitation concentration, snowfall concentration and rainfall concentration, the concentration of precipitation in the region includes: regional precipitation concentration, regional snowfall concentration and regional rainfall concentration, and the precipitation concentration period includes: regional precipitation concentration period, regional snowfall concentration period and regional rainfall concentration period.

[0067] Specifically:

[0068] Identifying different types of precipitation and extracting precipitation amounts include:

[0069] Obtain the meteorological data of the study area during the test period, and calculate the relative humidity R of the study area based on the obtained meteorological data. H ;

[0070] Obtain the elevation data of the study area, and use the obtained elevation data and relative humidity R H The empirical parameters T0, ΔT and ΔS are calculated;

[0071] The threshold temperatures are calculated based on the empirical parameters T0, ΔT and ΔS, respectively: critical high temperature T max and critical low temperature T min ;

[0072] According to meteorological data and regional relative humidity R H Calculate the wet bulb temperature T w ;

[0073] According to the threshold temperature T max , T min and wet bulb temperature T w , determine the different precipitation types in the region;

[0074] Obtain precipitation data in the study area, and extract the precipitation amount of different types of precipitation based on the obtained precipitation data and the determined precipitation type;

[0075] After the precipitation type is identified, various precipitation concentration indicators of different types of precipitation are calculated, including:

[0076] Define standards, and calculate the cumulative precipitation days X and the cumulative precipitation Y of different types of precipitation according to the precipitation of different types of precipitation;

[0077] Using the regression coefficients, the values ​​of the CI of different types of precipitation concentration indices were calculated, namely, precipitation concentration index PCI, snowfall concentration index SCI, and rainfall concentration index RCI;

[0078] According to the different types of precipitation data calculated, combined with the vector azimuth, the regional precipitation concentration PCD, snowfall concentration SCD, and rainfall concentration RCD are calculated;

[0079] According to the different types of precipitation data calculated, combined with the vector azimuth, the regional precipitation concentration period PCP, snowfall concentration period SCP, and rainfall concentration period RCP are calculated;

[0080] Among them, the precipitation data includes the daily precipitation in the study area during the test period.

[0081] Further, generating the wet bulb temperature and the threshold temperature includes:

[0082] The relative humidity of the study area is calculated based on meteorological data, and the target parameters are calculated based on elevation data and relative temperature. The target parameters include: the first target parameter, the second target parameter and the third target parameter; the first target parameter T0 is the threshold temperature benchmark in precipitation type discrimination, the second target parameter ΔT is the temperature range parameter for measuring precipitation morphology transformation, and the third target parameter ΔS is the nonlinear degree parameter for describing precipitation morphology transformation;

[0083] Among them, the precipitation data includes the daily precipitation in the study area during the test period.

[0084] The relative humidity R in the study area is calculated based on the acquired meteorological data. H include:

[0085] Obtain the daily average temperature data T of the study area according to research needs a , daily average dew point temperature data T d, and precipitation data in the study area;

[0086] Further, the relative humidity R of the area is calculated by the first formula H , the first formula is:

[0087]

[0088] Where, e is the actual water vapor pressure, e s is the saturated water vapor pressure;

[0089] According to the acquired elevation data and relative humidity R H The calculated empirical parameters include:

[0090] Obtain elevation data Z of the study area according to research needs;

[0091] The value of the empirical parameter T0 is calculated by the second formula, which is:

[0092] T0=-5.87-0.1042Z+0.0885Z 2 +16.06R H -9.614R H 2 ;

[0093] The value of the empirical parameter ΔT is calculated according to the third formula, which is:

[0094] ΔT=0.215-0.099R H +1.018R H 2 ;

[0095] The value of the empirical parameter ΔS is calculated according to the fourth formula, which is:

[0096] ΔS=2.374-1.634R H .

[0097] The threshold temperature calculated based on empirical parameters includes:

[0098] Calculate the critical low temperature T according to the fifth formula min , the fifth formula is:

[0099]

[0100] Calculate the critical high temperature T according to the sixth formula max , the sixth formula is:

[0101]

[0102] According to meteorological data and relative humidity R H Calculation of wet bulb temperature includes:

[0103] Obtain atmospheric pressure data of the study area according to research needs s ;

[0104] Calculate the wet bulb temperature T according to the seventh formula w , the seventh formula is:

[0105]

[0106] Among them, e sat (T a ) is the temperature T a The corresponding saturated water vapor pressure is obtained by the eighth formula, which is:

[0107]

[0108] The precipitation amounts of different types of precipitation extracted based on precipitation data and precipitation type data include:

[0109] According to the ninth formula, the precipitation type of the study area is determined. The ninth formula is:

[0110]

[0111] Obtain the total precipitation data of the study area during the test period, and extract the snowfall data and rainfall data according to the different precipitation types determined.

[0112] The values ​​of concentration index CI of different types of precipitation are calculated using regression coefficients, including:

[0113] According to the precipitation data extracted after classification, the effective precipitation parameters are customized, the effective precipitation days are counted, and the value of the cumulative precipitation days X is obtained;

[0114] The corresponding cumulative precipitation value Y is calculated by the tenth formula, which is:

[0115] Y = Xexp[-b(100-X) c ];

[0116] Where b and c represent the regression coefficients estimated by the least squares method using precipitation data;

[0117] The value of the area S formed by the quadrant bisector and the broken line is calculated by the eleventh formula. The eleventh formula is:

[0118]

[0119] The value of the concentration index CI is calculated by the twelfth formula, which is:

[0120] CI = S / 5000;

[0121] The precipitation data respectively use total precipitation data precipitation, snowfall data snowfall, and rainfall data rainfall, which can be calculated through the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth formulas to obtain the values ​​of precipitation concentration PCI, snowfall concentration SCI, and rainfall concentration RCI respectively.

[0122] The values ​​of different forms of precipitation concentration and different forms of precipitation concentration periods in the study area calculated by combining the vector azimuth include:

[0123] The value of precipitation concentration PCD is calculated by the thirteenth formula, which is:

[0124]

[0125] The PCP value during the concentrated precipitation period is calculated by the fourteenth formula, which is:

[0126]

[0127] Calculate the parameter R by the fifteenth formula i The value of the fifteenth formula is:

[0128] R i =∑r ij ;

[0129] Calculate the parameter R by the sixteenth formula xi The value of, the sixteenth formula is:

[0130] R xi =∑r ij sinθ j ;

[0131] Calculate the parameter R by the seventeenth formula yi The value of, the seventeenth formula is:

[0132] R yi =∑r ij ·cosθ j ;

[0133] Among them, i represents the year; j represents the month of the year; r ij represents the total precipitation in the jth month of the i-th year; θ j represents the azimuth of the jth month, r ijBy using total precipitation data precipitation, snowfall data snowfall and rainfall data rainfall respectively, we can calculate through the thirteenth and fourteenth formulas to obtain the values ​​of precipitation concentration PCD, snowfall concentration SCD, rainfall concentration RCD and the values ​​of precipitation concentration period PCP, snowfall concentration period SCP and rainfall concentration period RCP respectively.

[0134] In this embodiment, the study area is several major mountain ranges and plateaus in western China, including the Altai Mountains, Tianshan Mountains, Hindu Kush Mountains, Himalayas, and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which are the main components of the Asian high mountain areas. The time period to be tested is the 2022 period and the 2023 period.

[0135] The detailed process description of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the specific process includes:

[0136] Step 1. Download and obtain the required meteorological and geographic data according to the selected study area and the time period to be measured. Meteorological data include daily average temperature data, daily average dew point temperature data, air pressure data, and precipitation data. The data uses the measured data of meteorological stations released by the National Meteorological Center (CMA) and the ERA-5Land reanalysis dataset released by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in 2019. Geographic data include elevation data of the study area, where the resolution of the elevation data should be consistent with the resolution of the reanalysis data.

[0137] Step 2: Different types of precipitation forms are distinguished according to the selected precipitation form discrimination model. Here, the Ding method, which has been proven to have a good accuracy in precipitation form discrimination, is used to discriminate the precipitation form of the acquired raw precipitation data. The method specifically includes:

[0138] Step 2.1: The daily average temperature data of the study area is obtained as T a , the daily average dew point temperature data is T d , calculate the regional relative humidity R by the following formula H :

[0139]

[0140] Among them, the daily average temperature data T a and daily average dew point temperature data T d The unit is ℃.

[0141] Step 2.2, the obtained elevation data is Z, and the three required empirical parameters T0, ΔT and ΔS are calculated by the following formula:

[0142] T0=-5.87-0.1042Z+0.0885Z 2+16.06R H -9.614R H 2 ;

[0143] ΔT=0.215-0.099R H +1.018R H 2 ;

[0144] ΔS=2.374-1.634R H ;

[0145] Among them, R H The relative humidity calculated in step 2.1, the unit of elevation needs to be converted to km.

[0146] Step 2.3, using the empirical parameters obtained, calculate the threshold temperature according to the following formula:

[0147]

[0148] Among them, T min is the critical low temperature, T max Critical high temperature.

[0149] Step 2.4: The air pressure data obtained is p s , the wet bulb temperature T is calculated by the following formula w :

[0150]

[0151] Among them, e sat (T a ) is the temperature T a The corresponding saturated water vapor pressure, in hPa, is calculated as follows:

[0152]

[0153] Step 2.5: From the wet bulb temperature T w and threshold temperature T min , T max The precipitation forms are classified and judged according to the following discriminant formula:

[0154]

[0155] Among them, snow means snowfall, sleet means sleet, and rain means rainfall.

[0156] Step 2.6, the precipitation data obtained is the total precipitation data (daily precipitation) precipitation. According to the different precipitation types determined, the precipitation in the corresponding areas of different forms of precipitation is extracted by film covering, and the snowfall data and rainfall data are obtained, both in mm. In the study of long-term spatial and temporal series, the amount of sleet is small, and this type of precipitation is usually ignored, so the corresponding extraction of sleet is not performed here.

[0157] Step 3: According to the different types of precipitation extracted after the above precipitation form classification, various precipitation concentration indicators of different types of precipitation are designed, calculated, and implemented by program:

[0158] Step 3.1: Use the regression coefficient to calculate the concentration index CI value of different types of precipitation, including:

[0159] Step 3.1.1, select the required data from the classified precipitation data, and count the effective precipitation days according to the defined effective precipitation parameter conditions, and calculate the value of the cumulative precipitation days X.

[0160] Step 3.1.2: Using the number of precipitation days X and the regression coefficients b and c, calculate the corresponding cumulative precipitation Y according to the following formula:

[0161] Y = Xexp[-b(100-X) c ];

[0162] Where b and c are the regression coefficients estimated by the least squares method using precipitation data;

[0163] Step 3.1.3, the regional precipitation concentration index CI is represented by the area enclosed by the relationship curve and the quadrant bisector of the first quadrant of the plane rectangular coordinate system. The area is recorded as S and is calculated by the following formula:

[0164]

[0165] Then the CI value is obtained by the following formula:

[0166] CI = S / 5000;

[0167] Among them, the precipitation data are total precipitation data precipitation, snowfall data snowfall, and rainfall data rainfall. The precipitation concentration index PCI (such as Figure 3 As shown in the figure), the values ​​of snowfall concentration SCI and rainfall concentration RCI, which can indicate the concentration degree of precipitation in different forms.

[0168] Step 3.2: Combine the vector azimuth to calculate the concentration of precipitation in different forms and the concentration period of precipitation in different forms in the study area, including the following formulas:

[0169]

[0170] R i =∑r ij ;

[0171] R xi =∑r ij sinθ j ;

[0172] R yi =∑r ij ·cosθ j ;

[0173] Among them, i represents the year; j represents the month of the year; r ij represents the total precipitation in the jth month of the i-th year; θ j Indicates the azimuth of the jth month; PCD ij It indicates the concentration of precipitation in the i-th year, and its value is between 0 and 1. If the precipitation of the whole year occurs in a certain month, the PCD reaches the maximum value of 1; on the contrary, if the precipitation is completely evenly distributed throughout the year, the PCD reaches the minimum value of 0. PCP ij It is expressed as the composite vector azimuth, which reflects the overall effect of the composite precipitation of each month, that is, the angle indicated by the center of gravity after the vector composite, indicating the concentrated period of precipitation in the i-th year, that is, the time period when the maximum precipitation occurs. Among them, the angles included in each month of the year and the angles represented in the month are shown in Table 1.

[0174] Similarly, the precipitation data uses total precipitation data precipitation, snowfall data snowfall, and rainfall data rainfall, and the precipitation concentration PCD and snowfall concentration SCD can be obtained by calculation (such as Figure 4 ), the value of rainfall concentration RCD, and the PCP of the precipitation concentration period (as shown in Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the values ​​of SCP during the concentrated snowfall period and SCP during the concentrated rainfall period can indicate the concentration degree of precipitation in different forms from multiple angles.

[0175] The precipitation concentration calculation method proposed in this embodiment can effectively solve the problem that the existing research cannot quantify the concentration of the temporal and spatial distribution of different precipitation types, and make up for the shortcomings of existing indicators in reflecting the changes and concentration of precipitation types. In addition, this method is not only applicable to short-term weather forecasts, but also to the study of long-term series, and can comprehensively evaluate the changing characteristics of precipitation types from multiple dimensions, thereby improving the systematicness and comprehensiveness of climate change and precipitation pattern research, and deeply analyzing the impact of different precipitation types on regional water resources and meteorological changes.

[0176] Table 1

[0177]

[0178] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the concentration of precipitation in different forms, characterized in that: include: Obtaining meteorological data and elevation data of the study area during the time period to be measured, and obtaining the precipitation of the different types of precipitation; The accumulated precipitation days and accumulated precipitation of different types of precipitation are calculated by the precipitation, and the concentration of different precipitation types is calculated by using the regression coefficient, and the concentration of precipitation and the concentrated period of precipitation in the region are further calculated by combining the vector azimuth; Among them, the concentrations of different precipitation types include: precipitation concentration, snowfall concentration and rainfall concentration; the concentrations of precipitation in the region include: regional precipitation concentration, regional snowfall concentration and regional rainfall concentration; the precipitation concentration period includes: regional precipitation concentration period, regional snowfall concentration period and regional rainfall concentration period.

2. The method for calculating the concentration of precipitation in different forms according to claim 1, characterized in that: Obtaining the precipitation of the different types of precipitation includes: Generate a wet bulb temperature and a threshold temperature according to the meteorological data and the elevation data; wherein the threshold temperature includes: a critical high temperature and a critical low temperature; The wet-bulb temperature is judged based on the threshold temperature to obtain different precipitation types in the study area, and the precipitation amounts of different types of precipitation are obtained in combination with precipitation data.

3. The method for calculating the concentration of precipitation in different forms according to claim 2, characterized in that: Generating the wet bulb temperature and the threshold temperature includes: The relative humidity of the study area is calculated according to the meteorological data, and the target parameters are calculated based on the elevation data and the relative temperature, wherein the target parameters include: a first target parameter T0, a second target parameter ΔT, and a third target parameter ΔS; the first target parameter T0 is a threshold temperature reference in precipitation type discrimination, the second target parameter ΔT is a temperature range parameter for measuring precipitation form transformation, and the third target parameter ΔS is a nonlinear degree parameter for describing precipitation form transformation; The formula for calculating the first target parameter is: T0=-5.87-0.1042Z+0.0885Z 2 +16.06R H -9.614R H 2 ; The formula for calculating the second target parameter is: ΔT=0.215-0.099R H +1.018R H 2 ; The formula for calculating the third target parameter is: ΔS=2.374-1.634R H ; Among them, Z is the elevation data, R H is the relative humidity; The threshold temperature is calculated by using the target parameter and combined with the meteorological data to obtain the wet bulb temperature.

4. The method for calculating the concentration of precipitation in different forms according to claim 2, characterized in that: The formula for generating the threshold temperature is: Among them, T min is the critical low temperature, T max is the critical high temperature, T0 is the first target parameter, ΔT is the second target parameter, and ΔS is the third target parameter.

5. The method for calculating the concentration of precipitation in different forms according to claim 2, characterized in that: The formula for generating the wet bulb temperature is: Among them, e sat (T a ) is the temperature T a The corresponding saturated water vapor pressure, R H is the relative humidity, p s is the atmospheric pressure, is the symbol of partial derivative.

6. The method for calculating the concentration of precipitation in different forms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula to obtain different precipitation types in the study area is: Among them, snow is snowfall discrimination, sleet is sleet discrimination, rain is rainfall discrimination, T w is the target precipitation type, T min is the critical low temperature, T max Critical high temperature.

7. The method for calculating the concentration of precipitation in different forms according to claim 1, characterized in that: Obtaining the concentration of different precipitation types includes: The accumulated precipitation days and accumulated precipitation of different types of precipitation are calculated by the above precipitation: Y=Xexp[-b(100-X) c ]; Among them, Y is the cumulative precipitation, and X is the cumulative precipitation days; The area formed by closing the quadrant bisector and the broken line: Where b and c are the regression coefficients estimated by the least squares method using precipitation data; calculating a concentration index based on said area; CI = S / 5000; Where S is the area; The concentration of the different precipitation types is obtained through the accumulated precipitation, the area and the concentration index.

8. The method for calculating the concentration of precipitation in different forms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the precipitation concentration in the region is: Among them, i is the year, j is the month of the year, and R xi represents the horizontal component of precipitation, R yi represents the vertical component of precipitation, R i Represents the vector composite total of annual precipitation.

9. The method for calculating the concentration of precipitation in different forms according to claim 8, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the snowfall concentration in the area is: Among them, R xi represents the horizontal component of precipitation, R yi Represents the vertical component of precipitation.

10. The method for calculating the concentration of precipitation in different forms according to claim 9, characterized in that: Get the horizontal component R of precipitation xi , the vertical component of precipitation R yi and the vector composite total amount of annual precipitation R i The formula is: R i ＝∑r ij ； R xi =∑r ij ·sinθ j ; R yi =∑r ij ·cosθ j ; Among them, r ij is the total precipitation in the jth month of the i-th year, θ j is the azimuth of the jth month.

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