Anti-deflagration battery compartment of hybrid power steamship

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-deflagration battery compartment of a hybrid power steamship, and relates to the technical field of marine power battery compartments, the anti-deflagration battery compartment comprises an energy storage chamber, a control power supply chamber and an electric control chamber which are mutually independent at intervals, each compartment is provided with an independent door capable of being automatically closed, the energy storage chamber is provided with a battery pack, and the control power supply chamber is provided with a standby battery; the electric control room is provided with an electric element, and a temperature control unit, a fire sensing mechanism of a fire control unit, a fire extinguishing suction filtration mechanism and a polling fool-proof unit are arranged, so that a multi-protection mechanism and intelligent control of fire staged treatment and polling multi-stage fool-proof are realized, and the use safety of the power battery on a ship is effectively improved; the problem that the safety of the steamship is threatened due to detonation of the battery on the steamship is solved, equipment maintenance, inspection and emergency response mechanisms are optimized, and powerful technical support and safety guarantee are provided for safe and stable operation of the hybrid steamship.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of marine power battery compartments, and in particular to an explosion-proof battery compartment of a hybrid power ship. Background Art

[0002] The propulsion engines of commercial ships such as traditional container ships, passenger ships (or floating structures) use fuel oil such as heavy oil, marine diesel or marine light oil as fuel. However, due to the impact of rising oil prices and stricter emission standards, the number of ships equipped with propulsion engines that use gas such as LNG as fuel, which is cheaper and cleaner energy than fuel oil, is on the rise. In addition, since the price of LNG in summer is 50% lower than that in winter, LNG can be purchased and stored cheaply in summer, which is a very advantageous energy source in terms of price.

[0003] By installing a generator on the ship to generate electricity with LNG hot gas, and then using electricity to drive the ship, compared to directly using gas engines to burn the transported LNG gas to propel the ship, first generating electricity through gas, then storing the electricity, and then using the electricity to propel the ship, it has a higher energy efficiency ratio. The energy utilization rate of gas is higher, and the gas can burn stably when burning to generate electricity, avoiding wasting gas energy due to fluctuations in power demand, which leads to reduced energy efficiency of gas.

[0004] Therefore, driven by the above-mentioned demand, hybrid ships have emerged. By operating the generator and engine under the conditions of achieving optimal fuel consumption efficiency, excess electricity is stored while propelling the ship. When the stored electricity reaches more than 95%, the electric motor is enabled to propel it with pure electricity. When the electric energy drops to 15%, gas combustion is enabled, and the engine propels the ship, while driving the generator to generate electricity, charging the battery that provides electricity, forming a hybrid power. This can greatly improve the utilization rate of gas energy and reduce the transportation cost of transport ships.

[0005] However, if batteries are to be used on ships, it is necessary to overcome, avoid and prevent thermal runaway, fire, and even explosion of batteries used for energy storage before they can be safely used in the transportation industry. Moreover, if the batteries catch fire, the only effective fire-fighting method currently available is to reduce the intensity of the combustion by flushing and cooling with water, but it is impossible to directly extinguish the fire.

[0006] In summary, an explosion-proof battery compartment is needed to prevent the power battery from exploding on board the ship and threatening the safety of the ship. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an explosion-proof battery compartment for a hybrid power ship, so as to solve the problem that explosion of power batteries on board the ship threatens the safety of the ship.

[0008] The various technical effects that can be produced by the preferred technical solutions among the various technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] The present invention provides an explosion-proof battery compartment of a hybrid power ship, comprising a split battery compartment, the battery compartment being detachably mounted in a power compartment of the ship, a lifting door being provided on one side of the power compartment for entering, installing, or unloading and removing the battery compartment; a separately mounted energy storage room, a control power room, and an electric control room are provided in the battery compartment, a completely sealed inspection door being provided on one side of the battery compartment for entering the energy storage room, and a completely sealed power inspection door being provided on the other side for entering the control power room and an electric control inspection door being provided for entering the electric control room;

[0011] and a battery pack consisting of a power battery and a protective shell; a plurality of the battery packs are installed in the energy storage room to supply power to the ship's drive motor; a backup battery is installed in the control power room to independently supply power to the electric control room;

[0012] and a temperature control unit, the temperature control unit comprising a heat pump unit, a first heat exchange plate, a second heat exchange plate and a radiator, the energy storage chamber, the control power chamber and the electric control chamber are all equipped with the first heat exchange plate; the second heat exchange plate is installed in the protective housing and is used to control the temperature of the power battery;

[0013] and a fire control unit, the fire control unit comprising a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor, a pressure sensor and a fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism;

[0014] The temperature sensor, the smoke sensor and the pressure sensor constitute a fire sensing mechanism, and are respectively arranged in the plurality of battery packs, the energy storage room, the control power supply room and the electric control room, and are respectively used to monitor the fire conditions of the power battery inside a single battery pack, the plurality of battery packs in the energy storage room, the backup battery, and the electronic components of the electric control room;

[0015] The fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism is installed outside the battery compartment and is connected to the battery compartment assembly; the water inlet side and the water outlet side of the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism are respectively connected to the energy storage chamber, the protective shell of a single battery pack and the control power supply chamber, and are used to grade the water inlet to the single battery pack, the energy storage chamber, and the control power supply chamber to extinguish the fire and drain water to take away the by-products and heat of the combustion when a fire occurs; the water outlet side is connected to a filtering device;

[0016] and an inspection fool-proof unit, the energy storage room, the control power room and the electric control room are all equipped with the inspection fool-proof unit, which is used to prevent the inspection door, the power supply inspection door and the electric control inspection door from automatically closing when the inspection personnel enter the energy storage room, the control power room and the electric control room for inspection or maintenance, and to identify fire information and transmit the fire information to the controller;

[0017] The controller of the electric control room is electrically connected to the battery pack, the temperature control unit, the fire control unit, the filtering device and the inspection and foolproofing unit respectively, and is used to control and supply power to the ship driving motor, monitor the status of the power battery, the backup battery and the electric control room, control the fire conditions of the battery pack, the energy storage room, the control power room and the electric control room, and avoid explosion in the battery compartment.

[0018] In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing and filtration mechanism includes a water inlet pump, a fire extinguishing water pipe, a main water valve, a sub-water valve, a drain pipe, a drain valve, a drain pump and the filtering device; the water outlet of the water inlet pump is connected to the main water valve, and the main water valve is connected to multiple sub-water valves; the sub-water valve is connected to the fire extinguishing water pipe; the nozzles of multiple fire extinguishing water pipes are respectively arranged at the top of the energy storage chamber, the bottom of the protective shell and the top of the control power supply chamber; the water suction ports of multiple drain pipes are respectively arranged at the bottom of the energy storage chamber, the top of the protective shell and the bottom of the control power supply chamber; the drain pipe is connected to the drain valve, multiple drain valves are all connected to the drain pump, and the drain pump is connected to the water inlet of the filtering device.

[0019] In one of the embodiments, the fire extinguishing liquid drawn into the water inlet of the water inlet pump is seawater, and the fire extinguishing water pipe sprays the seawater onto a single battery pack where fire occurs, onto multiple battery packs causing fire in the energy storage chamber, and onto a control power supply chamber. After the fire is extinguished, the wastewater contains harmful substances released by the power battery or the backup battery. The drainage pump pumps the wastewater out to the filtering device, which is used to filter the harmful substances in the wastewater and store the harmful substances, and the filtered water is discharged into the sea.

[0020] In one of the embodiments, the fire extinguishing and filtration mechanism is also provided with a fire extinguishing water tank, in which fresh water or pure water is stored; the water suction port of the water inlet pump is connected to the water outlet of the fire extinguishing water tank, and the water outlet of the filtering device is connected to one of the water inlets of the fire extinguishing water tank; when a thermal runaway fire occurs in a single battery pack, a fire occurs in the energy storage chamber due to multiple battery packs, or a fire occurs in the control power supply chamber, the controller controls the water inlet pump to extract the fresh water or pure water from the fire extinguishing water tank, which is sprayed out from the fire extinguishing water pipe to extinguish the fire and avoid explosion, and the drainage pump is also started to discharge waste water to the filtering device, which filters harmful substances in the waste water and stores the harmful substances, and re-injects the filtered water into the fire extinguishing water tank to prepare for providing fire extinguishing water supply for the next round of fire.

[0021] In one of the embodiments, the wall of the battery compartment is composed of a fireproof plate, a bottom plate and a composite explosion-proof plate from the inside to the outside. The bottom plate and the composite explosion-proof plate are detachably connected, so that when a fire occurs and the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism is activated to extinguish the fire, the bottom plate can be removed for inspection.

[0022] In one of the embodiments, the wall of the protective shell is composited from the outside to the inside by a steel plate and a glass fiber board, and the inner surface of the glass fiber board adjacent to the power battery is sprayed with a fire retardant coating.

[0023] In one embodiment, the inspection and fool-proofing unit is composed of a visual camera and a key inspection switch, and the visual camera has a thermal imaging function; the energy storage room, the control power room and the electric control room are all equipped with the visual camera for identifying the battery pack or the backup battery where a fire occurs, and transmitting the fire information to the controller; the visual camera is also used to identify the maintenance personnel entering the energy storage room, the control power room and the electric control room, and feed back the personnel information to the controller; a plurality of the key inspection switches are respectively installed on the inspection door, the power maintenance door and the electric control maintenance door.

[0024] In one of the embodiments, a shock-absorbing mechanism with controllable lifting and lowering of the fulcrum is installed between the bottom of the battery compartment and the power compartment; an electric locking mechanism is provided at the bottom of the battery compartment, and the controller controls the unlocking or locking of the electric locking mechanism; the battery compartment is installed on the shock-absorbing mechanism and is locked to the shock-absorbing mechanism by the electric locking mechanism; the shock-absorbing mechanism is installed at the bottom of the power compartment; when the battery compartment needs to be replaced or an uncontrollable fire occurs in the battery compartment, the controller completely seals all the doors of the battery compartment, and controls the various fulcrums of the shock-absorbing mechanism to tilt the battery compartment toward the lifting door at different lifting heights, and then controls the electric locking mechanism to unlock, and unloads the battery compartment out of the ship.

[0025] A method for preventing explosion and extinguishing by stages is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1, normal working temperature control stage: the controller controls the temperature control unit, controls the room temperature of the energy storage room, the control power room and the electric control room through the first heat exchange plate, so that the working temperature of the backup battery is maintained at 20-30°C; the temperature in the battery pack is controlled through the second heat exchange plate, thereby providing heat dissipation or heating for the power battery, and regulating the temperature of the power battery at 20-30°C;

[0027] S2, normal working inspection phase:

[0028] When opening the inspection door, power inspection door, and electric control inspection door, the key needs to be inserted into the corresponding key inspection switch. At this time, the key inspection switch sends the door opening information to the controller, and the controller determines that the door is open; and when the inspection door, power inspection door, and electric control inspection door are opened, the unlocking key cannot be pulled out. The key inspection switch feeds back the opening information to the controller, and the corresponding inspection door, power inspection door, and electric control inspection door cannot be closed, so as to prevent the inspection personnel from being locked in the energy storage room, the control power room, and the electric control room, thereby realizing the first-level anti-foolproofing of the inspection;

[0029] The visual camera identifies the maintenance personnel who enter the energy storage room, power supply room, and electric control room, and feeds back the personnel information to the controller, which controls the corresponding inspection door, power supply maintenance door, and electric control maintenance door to prevent them from being closed, thus preventing the inspection personnel from being locked in the energy storage room, power supply room, and electric control room, thereby achieving secondary anti-stuck inspection.

[0030] S3, Fire handling stage:

[0031] The visual camera, the temperature sensor and the smoke sensor of the fire control unit identify that the battery pack and the backup battery are on fire, and transmit the fire information to the controller. The controller increases the cooling power of the temperature control unit according to the fire classification, shields and cuts off the power of the battery pack and the backup battery, and finally starts the fire extinguishing and filtration mechanism to extinguish the fire, thereby realizing fire prevention;

[0032] S3.1. When the temperature sensor identifies that the temperature of the power battery in the protective housing of the battery pack, the temperature of the backup battery in the control power room, and the temperature of the electronic components in the electric control room are increased, the controller controls the second heat exchange plate to increase the heat exchange power, quickly reduce the temperature in the protective housing, the control power room, and the electric control room, and issues a fire warning notification;

[0033] S3.2. When the smoke sensor and pressure sensor identify that smoke appears and pressure rises, the power battery in the protective shell of the battery pack is in thermal runaway, and the backup battery in the control power room is in thermal runaway, the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism is activated to extinguish the fire; when the smoke sensor identifies that smoke appears and the electronic components in the electric control room are burning, the controller issues a fire notification in the electric control room, unlocks the electric control maintenance door, and the staff extinguishes the fire;

[0034] S3.21. When a single battery pack or a power battery in the control power supply room catches fire, the inspection door and the power supply maintenance door are closed, and the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism is activated to extinguish the fire in the protective shell of the single battery pack and the control power supply room respectively, and the controller issues a primary fire notification;

[0035] S3.22, when multiple battery packs explode, close the inspection door, start the fire extinguishing and filtration mechanism to extinguish the fire in the protective shell of each battery pack and the energy storage room, and the controller issues an intermediate fire notification;

[0036] S3.3. When more than 70% of the battery packs in the energy storage room are in thermal runaway and burning, close the inspection door, power supply inspection door and electric control inspection door, start the fire extinguishing and extraction mechanism to extinguish the fire, and use the visual camera to collect fire images and thermal imaging to collect temperature distribution images;

[0037] S3.31. When the controller determines that the fire is controllable based on the collected fire image, temperature distribution image and pressure data collected by the pressure sensor, the controller issues a high-level fire notification and deactivates all battery packs in the energy storage room;

[0038] S3.32. When the controller determines that the fire is likely to expand further and there is a risk of explosion based on the collected fire image, temperature distribution image and pressure data collected by the pressure sensor, the controller issues the highest level fire notification, activates the shock absorbing mechanism to tilt the entire battery compartment toward the hoisting door, and unlocks the electric locking machine to release the battery compartment to the outside of the ship, preventing the battery compartment from exploding and sinking the ship;

[0039] S4, battery compartment release stage: When floating in the ocean, the battery compartment as a whole remains pressure-bearing and sealed. The fire-extinguishing and filtration mechanism uses the power of the backup battery in the control power room to extract seawater for continuous fire extinguishing. The filtration device collects harmful substances. The controller determines whether the fire is extinguished based on the collected fire images, temperature distribution images, smoke information collected by the smoke sensor, and pressure data collected by the pressure sensor, and sends a salvage signal to the satellite.

[0040] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0041] The hybrid ship explosion-proof battery compartment proposed by the present invention has significant improvements in active and passive safety when the power battery is used on the ship, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0042] Improve ship safety: The battery compartment structure and multiple protective mechanisms or units effectively solve the potential safety hazards of power batteries on ships that may cause explosions. In particular, the temperature of the power battery is regulated by the temperature control unit to avoid thermal runaway, excessive fire, and even explosions caused by overheating of the battery. The fire control unit installed in the battery compartment can sense the fire in time through temperature sensors, smoke sensors, and pressure sensors, and automatically trigger the fire extinguishing mechanism, effectively reducing the probability and risk of fire.

[0043] The battery compartment has a modular and detachable design: The battery compartment adopts a split design, which is convenient for maintenance and control of batteries and electrical equipment. Through the lifting door of the power compartment, the battery compartment can be quickly installed and unloaded as a whole, which improves the efficiency and convenience of battery compartment installation.

[0044] Accurate fire monitoring and emergency response: The fire sensing mechanism equipped in the battery compartment includes temperature, smoke and pressure sensors, which can monitor and provide data support in time at the early stage of the fire. Through the fire control unit, combined with the fire extinguishing and filtration mechanism, it can accurately extinguish the fire in stages when a fire occurs, and drain away the by-products and heat of the combustion, thereby controlling the speed of the fire spread and protecting the safety of the battery pack, battery compartment and hull in turn. In particular, the design of the fire extinguishing and filtration mechanism can ensure the efficiency and safety of the fire extinguishing operation without damaging the battery system.

[0045] Optimize inspection and safety management: At the same time, the energy storage room, control power room and electric control room in the battery compartment are equipped with fully sealed doors. The inspection and foolproofing unit can avoid misoperation during the inspection process, ensure that the doors of each compartment are not accidentally closed, and improve the safety of the inspection and maintenance process. The unit also has the real-time recognition function of fire information, which can transmit the fire information to the electric control system in time, thereby triggering the corresponding use of temperature control units, fire extinguishing and filtration mechanisms, and emergency response mechanisms to ensure personnel safety.

[0046] Intelligent control and remote monitoring: The controller in the control power room is electrically connected to each unit (such as battery pack, temperature control unit, fire control unit, etc.), which can realize real-time monitoring and intelligent control of the battery pack, energy storage room, control power room and electric control room. Through the intelligent control system, it can not only effectively ensure the stable operation of the battery compartment, but also respond quickly in abnormal situations, take measures such as cooling, fire extinguishing, and closing the compartment to avoid battery explosions in the battery compartment.

[0047] Environmental friendliness and comprehensive protection: Through the effective design of fire extinguishing and filtering devices, the byproducts and heat in the fire are discharged from the battery compartment. While draining away the heat, harmful substances will not be discharged into the ocean. Instead, the harmful substances are stored through the filtering device and taken to the battery harmful substance treatment station set up on land for treatment, avoiding the pollution of the environment caused by harmful substances leaked from the battery. At the same time, through multiple safety measures, the probability of safety accidents in the battery compartment during long-term use is reduced, which improves the environmental protection and sustainability of the ship's electric propulsion system.

[0048] In summary, the technical solution of the present invention effectively improves the safety of power battery use on ships through innovative design, multiple protections and intelligent control. It not only solves the threat of battery explosion, but also optimizes equipment maintenance, inspection and emergency response mechanisms, providing strong technical support and safety guarantees for the safe and stable operation of hybrid power ships. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the implementation mode will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some implementation modes of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0050] Figure 1 is a top perspective view of an explosion-proof battery compartment according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 is a side perspective view of an explosion-proof battery compartment according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 is a schematic side view of a battery compartment according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 is a schematic side view of a battery compartment according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 5 2 is a schematic side view of a battery compartment according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0056] 1. Battery compartment; 11. Inspection door;

[0057] 2. Energy storage room;

[0058] 3. Control power room; 31. Power supply inspection door; 32. Backup battery;

[0059] 4. Electric control room; 41. Electric control maintenance door; 42. Controller;

[0060] 5. Battery pack;

[0061] 6. Fire control unit; 61. Temperature sensor; 62. Smoke sensor; 63. Pressure sensor; 64. Fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism; 641. Fire extinguishing water pipe; 642. Drain pipe; 65. Fire extinguishing water tank; 66. Filter device;

[0062] 7. Inspection foolproof unit; 71. Key inspection switch; 72. Visual camera;

[0063] 8. Temperature control unit; 81. Heat pump unit; 82. First heat exchange plate; 83. Second heat exchange plate; 84. Radiator;

[0064] 91. Shock-absorbing mechanism; 92. Electric locking mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0066] In a specific embodiment, an explosion-proof battery compartment of a hybrid power ship is provided, including an energy storage room, a control power room and an electric control room which are separated and independent of each other, each compartment is provided with an independent automatically closable door, a battery pack is installed in the energy storage room, a backup battery is installed in the control power room, and electrical components are installed in the electric control room, as well as a temperature control unit, a fire sensing mechanism and a fire extinguishing and filtration mechanism of a fire management and control unit, and an inspection and fool-proofing unit, thereby realizing multiple protection mechanisms and intelligent control of fire classification processing and multi-level fool-proofing of inspections, effectively improving the safety of power batteries on ships, and effectively solving the problem of power battery explosion on ships threatening the safety of ships.

[0067] In addition, all the contents of the configurations shown in the following embodiments are not necessarily limited to the solutions of the inventions described in the claims.

[0068] The first implementation example of a hybrid ship explosion-proof battery compartment is Figures 1 to 3As shown, it includes a split battery compartment 1, which is detachably installed in the power compartment of the ship, and a lifting door is provided on one side of the power compartment for entering, installing or unloading and removing the battery compartment 1; the battery compartment 1 is provided with a split energy storage room 2, a control power room 3 and an electric control room 4, and a completely sealed inspection door 11 is provided on one side of the battery compartment 1 for entering the energy storage room 2, and a completely sealed power inspection door 31 for entering the control power room 3 and an electric control inspection door 41 for entering the electric control room 4 are provided on the other side; and a battery pack 5 composed of a power battery and a protective shell; multiple battery packs 5 are installed in the energy storage room 2 to supply power to the ship's driving motor; the control The control power room 3 is equipped with a backup battery 32 to independently power the electric control room 4; and a temperature control unit 8, which includes a heat pump unit 81, a first heat exchange plate 82, a second heat exchange plate 83 and a radiator 84. The energy storage room 2, the control power room 3 and the electric control room 4 are all equipped with a first heat exchange plate 82; the second heat exchange plate 83 is installed in a protective shell to control the temperature of the power battery; and a fire control unit 6, which includes a temperature sensor 61, a smoke sensor 62, a pressure sensor 63 and a fire extinguishing filter mechanism 64; the temperature sensor 61, the smoke sensor 62 and the pressure sensor 63 constitute a fire sensing mechanism, and are respectively arranged in multiple battery packs 5, the energy storage room 2 , control power room 3 and electric control room 4, respectively used to monitor the power battery inside a single battery pack 5, multiple battery packs 5 in the energy storage room 2, backup battery 32, and fire conditions of electronic components in the electric control room 4; the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism 64 is installed outside the battery compartment 1 and is combined and connected with the battery compartment 1; the water inlet side and the drainage side of the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism 64 are respectively connected to the energy storage room 2, the protective shell of the single battery pack 5 and the control power room 3, and are used to grade the water intake and drainage to the single battery pack 5, the energy storage room 2, and the control power room 3 to take away the secondary products and heat of the combustion when a fire occurs; the drainage side is connected with a filtering device 66; and the inspection and foolproofing unit 7, the energy storage room 2, the control power room 3 and the electric control room The control rooms 4 are all equipped with inspection and fool-proofing units 7, which are used to prevent the inspection door 11, the power maintenance door 31 and the electric control maintenance door 41 from automatically closing when the inspection personnel enter the energy storage room 2, the control power room 3 and the electric control room 4 for inspection or maintenance, and to identify the fire information and transmit the fire information to the controller 42; the controller 42 of the electric control room 4 is electrically connected to the battery pack 5, the temperature control unit 8, the fire control unit 6, the filter device 66 and the inspection and fool-proofing unit 7 respectively, and is used to control and supply power to the ship's driving motor, monitor the status of the power battery, the backup battery 32 and the electric control room 4, control the fire of the battery pack 5, the energy storage room 2, the control power room 3 and the electric control room 4, and avoid explosion of the battery compartment 1.

[0069] When applying, Figure 1 The arrow is the patrol direction arrow for inspection in the battery compartment 1.

[0070] As one optional implementation,

[0071] The specific structure and function of the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism 64 are as follows: Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism 64 includes a water inlet pump, a fire extinguishing water pipe 641, a main water valve, a sub-water valve, a drain pipe 642, a drain valve, a drain pump and a filtering device 66; the water outlet of the water inlet pump is connected to the main water valve, and the main water valve is connected to multiple sub-water valves; the sub-water valve is connected to the fire extinguishing water pipe 641; the nozzles of the multiple fire extinguishing water pipes 641 are respectively arranged at the top of the energy storage chamber 2, the bottom of the protective shell and the top of the control power supply chamber 3; the water suction ports of the multiple drain pipes 642 are respectively arranged at the bottom of the energy storage chamber 2, the top of the protective shell and the bottom of the control power supply chamber 3; the drain pipe 642 is connected to the drain valve, and the multiple drain valves are all connected to the drain pump, and the drain pump is connected to the water inlet of the filtering device 66.

[0072] The sub-water valve is used to control the water spraying action of a single fire-extinguishing water pipe 641 .

[0073] Furthermore, a sub-drain valve is provided between the drain valve and the drain pipe 642 , and the sub-drain valve is used to control the drainage action of a single drain pipe 642 .

[0074] When in use, the main water valve, sub-water valve and drain valve are all electrically controlled valves, and are opened and closed by the controller 42. In cooperation with the controller 42 to control the water inlet pump and the drain pump, independent fire extinguishing or coordinated fire extinguishing at multiple locations can be achieved for a single or multiple battery packs 5, the energy storage chamber 2, and the control power supply chamber 3 according to the location where the fire occurs. Secondary harmful substances generated by thermal runaway of the power battery or the backup battery 32 are filtered and stored through the filter device 66, and then the waste water is discharged. Therefore, when the battery has thermal runaway, it is possible to achieve fixed-point, independent and coordinated fire extinguishing, handle the fire, achieve precise fire control, and extinguish the fire in stages, thereby achieving an anti-explosion effect when the battery has thermal runaway. This solves the problems of slow fire control, lack of precision, and difficulty in avoiding battery explosion.

[0075] Specifically, Figure 3 As shown, the fire extinguishing liquid drawn into the water inlet of the water inlet pump is seawater, and the seawater is sprayed by the fire extinguishing water pipe 641 to the single battery pack 5 where fire occurs, multiple battery packs 5 causing fire in the energy storage room 2, and fire in the control power supply room 3. After the fire is extinguished, the wastewater contains harmful substances released by the power battery or the backup battery 32. The drainage pump pumps the wastewater out to the filter device 66. The filter device 66 is used to filter the harmful substances in the wastewater and store the harmful substances, and the filtered water is discharged into the sea.

[0076] Regarding the explosion-proof structure of the above-mentioned battery compartment 1, the wall of the battery compartment 1 is composed of a fireproof plate, a bottom plate and a composite explosion-proof plate from the inside to the outside. The bottom plate and the composite explosion-proof plate are detachably connected. After the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism 64 is activated to extinguish the fire in the event of a fire, the bottom plate can be removed for inspection.

[0077] Since the layout of the battery compartment 1 is split, the power battery, the controller 42 and the backup battery 32 used by the controller 42 are separated one by one in the battery compartment 1. When a fire occurs in the battery or the control element, they can be sealed independently to prevent the spread of the fire, thereby avoiding the dangerous phenomenon of overall explosion of the battery compartment 1. When a fire occurs, the energy storage room 2, the control power supply room 3 or the electric control room 4 where the fire occurs can be independently extinguished, so that the fire control is more accurate, the development of the fire can be controlled more effectively, and the explosion-proof effect is achieved from the root of the battery.

[0078] When used, the composite explosion-proof plate includes a glass fiber plate layer arranged on the inner side, an aluminum alloy plate layer arranged on the outer side, and a carbon fiber layer arranged between the glass fiber plate layer and the aluminum alloy plate layer.

[0079] Regarding the explosion-proof structure of the protective shell of the above-mentioned battery pack 5, the wall of the protective shell is composed of a composite of steel plate and glass fiber board from the outside to the inside, and the inner surface of the glass fiber board adjacent to the power battery is sprayed with fire retardant paint.

[0080] Since multiple battery packs 5 need to be arranged in the energy storage room 2 to form a complete set of power battery clusters to power the ship's motors, the batteries in the entire compartment are separated to form battery packs 5. Each battery pack 5 is equipped with an independent protective shell, a second heat exchange plate 83 for temperature control, and a water inlet and drain pipe 642 for fire extinguishing, so that when an abnormal temperature rise or fire occurs in a single or multiple power batteries in the battery pack 5, it can be quickly detected by the temperature sensor 61, the smoke sensor 62, and the pressure sensor 63, and point-to-point temperature control or fire extinguishing can be performed, thereby realizing hierarchical fire extinguishing and realizing the anti-explosion function starting from a single battery pack 5.

[0081] Regarding the composition structure of the above-mentioned inspection foolproof unit 7, as shown in Figure 1 As shown, the inspection and foolproofing unit 7 is composed of a visual camera 72 and a key inspection switch 71, and the visual camera 72 has a thermal imaging function; the energy storage room 2, the control power room 3 and the electric control room 4 are all equipped with visual cameras 72 for identifying the battery pack 5 or the backup battery 32 where a fire occurs, and transmitting the fire information to the controller 42; the visual camera 72 is also used to identify the maintenance personnel entering the energy storage room 2, the control power room 3 and the electric control room 4, and feed back the personnel information to the controller 42; a plurality of key inspection switches 71 are respectively installed on the inspection door 11, the power maintenance door 31 and the electric control maintenance door 41.

[0082] When in use, the first-level foolproofing of the inspection is realized through the key inspection switch 71: when opening the inspection door 11, the power inspection door 31, and the electric control inspection door 41, the key needs to be inserted into the corresponding key inspection switch 71, and the key inspection switch 71 sends the door opening information to the controller 42, and the controller 42 determines that the door is open; and when the inspection door 11, the power inspection door 31, and the electric control inspection door 41 are opened, the unlocking key cannot be pulled out, and the key inspection switch 71 feeds back the opening information to the controller 42, controlling the corresponding inspection door 11, the power inspection door 31, and the electric control inspection door 41 to be unable to be closed, thereby preventing the inspection personnel from being locked in the energy storage room 2, the control power supply room 3, and the electric control room 4;

[0083] The visual camera 72 is used to realize the secondary anti-mistake of the inspection: the visual camera 72 identifies the maintenance personnel who enter the energy storage room 2, the control power room 3, and the electric control room 4, and feeds back the personnel information to the controller 42, so as to control the corresponding inspection door 11, the power maintenance door 31, and the electric control maintenance door 41 to be unable to be closed, so as to prevent the inspection personnel from being locked in the energy storage room 2, the control power room 3, and the electric control room 4, thereby realizing the secondary anti-mistake of the inspection;

[0084] Through the visual camera 72, temperature sensor 61, smoke sensor 62 and pressure sensor 63, the battery status and fire data are comprehensively and accurately acquired, and the hierarchical fire control algorithm of the controller 42 is cooperated to realize fire prevention: the visual camera 72, the temperature sensor 61, smoke sensor 62 and pressure sensor 63 of the fire control unit 6 recognize that there is a fire in the battery pack 5 and the backup battery 32, and the fire information is transmitted to the controller 42. The controller 42 increases the cooling power of the temperature control unit 8 according to the fire classification, shields and cuts off the power to the battery pack 5 and the backup battery 32, and finally starts the fire extinguishing and filtration mechanism 64 to extinguish the fire and control the fire.

[0085] The hybrid ship explosion-proof battery compartment 1 proposed by the present invention has significant improvements in active safety and passive safety when the power battery is used on the ship, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0086] (1) Improving ship safety: The structure of the battery compartment 1 and multiple protective mechanisms or units effectively solve the potential safety hazard of power batteries causing explosions on ships. In particular, the temperature of the power battery is regulated by the temperature control unit 8 to avoid thermal runaway, even explosion, and fire risks caused by overheating of the battery. The fire control unit 6 set in the battery compartment 1 can sense the fire in time through the temperature sensor 61, smoke sensor 62 and pressure sensor 63, and automatically trigger the fire extinguishing mechanism, effectively reducing the probability and risk of fire.

[0087] (2) The battery compartment 1 has a modular and detachable design: The battery compartment 1 adopts a split design, which is convenient for maintenance and control of batteries and electrical equipment. Through the lifting door of the power compartment, the battery compartment 1 can be quickly installed and unloaded as a whole, which improves the operational efficiency and convenience of the installation of the battery compartment 1.

[0088] (3) Accurate fire monitoring and emergency response: The fire sensing mechanism equipped in the battery compartment 1 includes temperature, smoke and pressure sensors 63, which can monitor and provide data support in time at the early stage of the fire. Through the fire control unit 6, combined with the fire extinguishing and filtration mechanism 64, it is possible to accurately extinguish the fire in stages when a fire occurs, and to drain away the byproducts and heat of the combustion, thereby controlling the speed of the fire spread and protecting the safety of the battery pack 5, the battery compartment 1 and the hull in turn. In particular, the design of the fire extinguishing and filtration mechanism 64 can ensure the efficiency and safety of the fire extinguishing operation without damaging the battery system.

[0089] (4) Optimize inspection and safety management: At the same time, the energy storage room 2, control power room 3 and electric control room 4 in the battery compartment 1 are respectively provided with completely sealed doors, which can prevent misoperation during the inspection process in conjunction with the inspection foolproof unit 7, ensure that the doors of each compartment are not accidentally closed, and improve the safety of the inspection and maintenance process. The unit also has the function of real-time identification of fire information, and can transmit the fire information to the electric control system in a timely manner, thereby triggering the corresponding use of the temperature control unit 8, the fire extinguishing and filtration mechanism 64, and the emergency response mechanism to ensure personnel safety.

[0090] (5) Intelligent control and remote monitoring: The controller 42 in the control power room 3 is electrically connected to each unit (such as the battery pack 5, the temperature control unit 8, the fire control unit 6, etc.), and can realize real-time monitoring and intelligent control of the battery pack 5, the energy storage room 2, the control power room 3 and the electric control room 4. Through the intelligent control system, not only can the stable operation of the battery compartment 1 be effectively guaranteed, but also a quick response can be made in abnormal situations, and measures such as cooling, fire extinguishing and compartment sealing can be taken to avoid the occurrence of battery explosion in the battery compartment 1.

[0091] (6) Environmental friendliness and comprehensive protection: Through the effective design of fire extinguishing and filtering device 66, the by-products and heat in the fire are discharged from the battery compartment 1. While the water is draining away the heat, the harmful substances will not be discharged into the ocean. Instead, the harmful substances are stored through the filtering device 66 and taken to the battery harmful substance treatment station set up on land for treatment, so as to avoid the harmful substances leaked from the battery from polluting the environment. At the same time, through multiple safety measures, the probability of safety accidents occurring in the battery compartment 1 during long-term use is reduced, thereby improving the environmental protection and sustainability of the ship's electric propulsion system.

[0092] (7) The technical solution of the present invention effectively improves the safety of power batteries on ships through innovative design, multiple protection and intelligent control. It not only solves the threat of battery explosion, but also optimizes equipment maintenance, inspection and emergency response mechanisms, providing strong technical support and safety guarantee for the safe and stable operation of hybrid power ships.

[0093] A second embodiment of the explosion-proof battery compartment of a hybrid ship is as follows Figure 4 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the fire extinguishing filtration mechanism 64 is also provided with a fire extinguishing water storage tank 65, and the fire extinguishing water storage tank 65 stores fresh water or pure water; the water suction port of the water inlet pump is connected to the water outlet of the fire extinguishing water storage tank 65, and the water outlet of the filter device 66 is connected to one of the water inlets of the fire extinguishing water storage tank 65.

[0094] During application, when a single battery pack 5 has a thermal runaway fire, multiple battery packs 5 cause a fire in the energy storage chamber 2, or a fire in the control power supply chamber 3, the controller 42 controls the water inlet pump to pump out fresh water or pure water from the fire extinguishing water tank 65, which is sprayed out from the fire extinguishing water pipe 641 to extinguish the fire and avoid explosion. The drainage pump also starts to discharge waste water to the filter device 66. The filter device 66 filters the harmful substances in the waste water and stores the harmful substances, and re-injects the filtered water into the fire extinguishing water tank 65 to prepare for providing fire extinguishing water supply for the next round of fire.

[0095] A third embodiment of the explosion-proof battery compartment of a hybrid ship is as follows Figure 5 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that a shock-absorbing mechanism 91 with controllable fulcrum lifting is installed between the bottom of the battery compartment 1 and the power compartment; an electric locking mechanism 92 is provided at the bottom of the battery compartment 1, and the controller 42 controls the unlocking or locking of the electric locking mechanism 92; the battery compartment 1 is installed on the shock-absorbing mechanism 91, and is locked on the shock-absorbing mechanism 91 by the electric locking mechanism 92 shown; the shock-absorbing mechanism 91 is installed at the bottom of the power compartment; when the battery compartment 1 needs to be replaced or an uncontrollable fire occurs in the battery compartment 1, the controller 42 completely seals all the doors of the battery compartment 1, and controls the various fulcrums of the shock-absorbing mechanism 91 to tilt the battery compartment 1 toward the lifting door at different lifting heights, and then controls the electric locking mechanism 92 to unlock, and unloads the battery compartment 1 out of the ship.

[0096] When applying, Figure 5 The arrow in is the lifting arrow of the shock absorbing mechanism 91.

[0097] Based on the above embodiment of the explosion-proof battery compartment of a hybrid ship, a method for explosion-proof graded fire extinguishing is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0098] S1, normal working temperature control stage: the controller 42 controls the temperature control unit 8, controls the room temperature of the energy storage chamber 2, the power supply chamber 3 and the electric control chamber 4 through the first heat exchange plate 82, so that the working temperature of the backup battery 32 is maintained at 20-30°C; controls the temperature in the battery pack 5 through the second heat exchange plate 83, thereby providing heat dissipation or heating for the power battery, and regulating the temperature of the power battery at 20-30°C;

[0099] S2, normal working inspection phase:

[0100] When opening the inspection door 11, the power inspection door 31, and the electric control inspection door 41, it is necessary to insert the key into the corresponding key inspection switch 71. At this time, the key inspection switch 71 sends the door opening information to the controller 42, and the controller 42 determines that the door is open; and when the inspection door 11, the power inspection door 31, and the electric control inspection door 41 are opened, the unlocking key cannot be pulled out, and the key inspection switch 71 feeds back the opening information to the controller 42, so that the corresponding inspection door 11, the power inspection door 31, and the electric control inspection door 41 cannot be closed, so as to prevent the inspection personnel from being locked in the energy storage room 2, the control power room 3, and the electric control room 4, thereby realizing the first-level anti-foolproofing of the inspection;

[0101] The visual camera 72 identifies the maintenance personnel who enter the energy storage room 2, the control power room 3, and the electric control room 4, and feeds back the personnel information to the controller 42, so as to control the corresponding inspection door 11, the power maintenance door 31, and the electric control maintenance door 41 to be unable to be closed, thereby preventing the inspection personnel from being locked in the energy storage room 2, the control power room 3, and the electric control room 4, thereby realizing the secondary anti-foolproofing of the inspection;

[0102] S3, Fire handling stage:

[0103] The visual camera 72, the temperature sensor 61 and the smoke sensor 62 of the fire control unit 6 recognize that the battery pack 5 and the backup battery 32 are on fire, and transmit the fire information to the controller 42. The controller 42 increases the cooling power of the temperature control unit 8 according to the fire classification, shields and cuts off the power of the battery pack 5 and the backup battery 32, and finally starts the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism 64 to extinguish the fire, thereby realizing fire prevention;

[0104] S3.1. When the temperature sensor 61 identifies that the temperature of the power battery in the protective housing of the battery pack 5, the temperature of the backup battery 32 in the control power room 3, and the temperature of the electronic components in the electric control room 4 are increased, the controller 42 controls the second heat exchange plate 83 to increase the heat exchange power, quickly reduce the temperature in the protective housing, the control power room 3, and the electric control room 4, and issue a fire warning notification;

[0105] S3.2, when the smoke sensor 62 and the pressure sensor 63 recognize that smoke appears and the pressure rises, the power battery in the protective shell of the battery pack 5 is in thermal runaway, and the backup battery 32 in the control power supply room 3 is in thermal runaway, the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism 64 is started to extinguish the fire; when the smoke sensor 62 recognizes that smoke appears and the electronic components in the electric control room 4 are burning, the controller 42 issues a fire notification in the electric control room 4, unlocks the electric control maintenance door 41, and the staff extinguishes the fire;

[0106] S3.21. When a single battery pack 5 or a power battery in the control power supply room 3 catches fire, the inspection door and the power supply maintenance door 31 are closed, and the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism 64 is started to extinguish the fire in the protective shell of the single battery pack 5 and the control power supply room 3, respectively, and the controller 42 issues a primary fire notification;

[0107] S3.22, when multiple battery packs 5 explode, close the inspection door 11, start the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism 64 to extinguish the fire in the protective shell of each battery pack 5 and the energy storage chamber 2, and the controller 42 issues an intermediate fire notification;

[0108] S3.3, when more than 70% of the battery packs 5 in the energy storage room 2 are in thermal runaway and burning, the inspection door 11, the power inspection door 31 and the electric control inspection door 41 are closed, the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism 64 is started to extinguish the fire, and the visual camera 72 collects fire images and uses thermal imaging to collect temperature distribution images;

[0109] S3.31, when the controller 42 determines that the fire is controllable based on the collected fire image, temperature distribution image and pressure data collected by the pressure sensor 63, the controller 42 issues a high-level fire notification and deactivates all battery packs 5 in the energy storage chamber 2;

[0110] S3.32, when the controller 42 determines that the fire is further expanding and there is a risk of explosion based on the collected fire image, temperature distribution image and pressure data collected by the pressure sensor 63, the controller 42 issues a highest level fire notification, and activates the shock absorbing mechanism 91 to tilt the entire battery compartment 1 toward the hoisting door, and unlocks the electric locking machine to release the battery compartment 1 to the outside of the ship, preventing the battery compartment 1 from exploding and causing the ship to sink;

[0111] S4, battery compartment 1 release phase: When floating in the ocean, the battery compartment 1 as a whole remains pressure-bearing and sealed, the fire-extinguishing and filtration mechanism 64 uses the power of the backup battery 32 of the control power supply room 3 to extract seawater for continuous fire extinguishing, the filtering device 66 collects harmful substances, and the controller 42 determines whether the fire is extinguished based on the collected fire image, temperature distribution image, smoke information collected by the smoke sensor 62 and pressure data collected by the pressure sensor 63, and sends a salvage signal to the satellite.

[0112] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof battery compartment for a hybrid ship, characterized in that: It includes a split battery compartment, which is detachably installed in the power compartment of the ship, and a lifting door is provided on one side of the power compartment for entering, installing, unloading or removing the battery compartment; The battery compartment is provided with a separately arranged energy storage room, a control power room and an electric control room. A completely sealed inspection door is provided on one side of the battery compartment for entering the energy storage room, and a completely sealed power inspection door for entering the control power room and an electric control inspection door for entering the electric control room are provided on the other side. and a battery pack consisting of a power battery and a protective shell; a plurality of the battery packs are installed in the energy storage room to supply power to the ship's drive motor; a backup battery is installed in the control power room to independently supply power to the electric control room; and a temperature control unit, the temperature control unit comprising a heat pump unit, a first heat exchange plate, a second heat exchange plate and a radiator, the energy storage chamber, the control power chamber and the electric control chamber are all equipped with the first heat exchange plate; the second heat exchange plate is installed in the protective housing and is used to control the temperature of the power battery; and a fire control unit, the fire control unit comprising a temperature sensor, a smoke sensor, a pressure sensor and a fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism; The temperature sensor, the smoke sensor and the pressure sensor constitute a fire sensing mechanism, and are respectively arranged in the plurality of battery packs, the energy storage room, the control power supply room and the electric control room, and are respectively used to monitor the fire conditions of the power battery inside a single battery pack, the plurality of battery packs in the energy storage room, the backup battery, and the electronic components of the electric control room; The fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism is installed outside the battery compartment and is connected to the battery compartment assembly; the water inlet side and the water outlet side of the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism are respectively connected to the energy storage chamber, the protective shell of a single battery pack and the control power supply chamber, and are used to grade the water inlet to the single battery pack, the energy storage chamber, and the control power supply chamber to extinguish the fire and drain water to take away the by-products and heat of the combustion when a fire occurs; the water outlet side is connected to a filtering device; and an inspection fool-proof unit, the energy storage room, the control power room and the electric control room are all equipped with the inspection fool-proof unit, which is used to prevent the inspection door, the power supply inspection door and the electric control inspection door from automatically closing when the inspection personnel enter the energy storage room, the control power room and the electric control room for inspection or maintenance, and to identify fire information and transmit the fire information to the controller; The controller of the electric control room is electrically connected to the battery pack, the temperature control unit, the fire control unit, the filtering device and the inspection and foolproofing unit respectively, and is used to control and supply power to the ship driving motor, monitor the status of the power battery, the backup battery and the electric control room, control the fire conditions of the battery pack, the energy storage room, the control power room and the electric control room, and avoid explosion in the battery compartment.

2. The explosion-proof battery compartment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism comprises a water inlet pump, a fire extinguishing water pipe, a main water valve, a sub-water valve, a drain pipe, a drain valve, a drain pump and the filtering device; The water outlet of the water inlet pump is connected to the main water valve, and the main water valve is connected to a plurality of sub-water valves; the sub-water valves are connected to the fire extinguishing water pipe; The nozzles of the plurality of fire extinguishing water pipes are respectively arranged at the top of the energy storage chamber, the bottom of the protective shell and the top of the control power supply chamber; The water extraction ports of the plurality of drainage pipes are respectively arranged at the bottom of the energy storage chamber, the top of the protective shell and the bottom of the control power supply chamber; The drain pipe is communicated with the drain valve, a plurality of drain valves are communicated with the drain pump, and the drain pump is communicated with the water inlet of the filter device.

3. The explosion-proof battery compartment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing liquid drawn into the water inlet of the water inlet pump is seawater, which is sprayed by the fire extinguishing water pipe onto the single battery pack where fire occurs, onto the multiple battery packs causing fire in the energy storage room, and onto the control power supply room. After the fire is extinguished, the wastewater contains harmful substances released by the power battery or the backup battery. The drainage pump draws the wastewater out to the filtering device, which is used to filter the harmful substances in the wastewater and store the harmful substances, and the filtered water is discharged into the sea.

4. The explosion-proof battery compartment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing suction and filtration mechanism is also provided with a fire extinguishing water storage tank, in which fresh water or pure water is stored; the water inlet of the water inlet pump is connected to the water outlet of the fire extinguishing water storage tank, and the water outlet of the filtering device is connected to one of the water inlets of the fire extinguishing water storage tank; When a single battery pack has a thermal runaway fire, multiple battery packs cause a fire in the energy storage room, or a fire in the control power supply room, the controller controls the water inlet pump to pump out fresh water or pure water from the fire extinguishing water tank, which is sprayed out from the fire extinguishing water pipe to extinguish the fire and avoid explosion. The drainage pump also starts to discharge waste water to the filter device, which filters harmful substances in the waste water and stores the harmful substances, and re-injects the filtered water into the fire extinguishing water tank to prepare for providing fire extinguishing water supply for the next round of fire.

5. The explosion-proof battery compartment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wall of the battery compartment is composed of a fireproof plate, a bottom plate and a composite explosion-proof plate from the inside to the outside. The bottom plate and the composite explosion-proof plate are detachably connected. After the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism is activated to extinguish the fire in the event of a fire, the bottom plate can be removed for inspection.

6. The explosion-proof battery compartment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wall of the protective shell is composited from the outside to the inside by a steel plate and a glass fiber board, and the inner surface of the glass fiber board adjacent to the power battery is sprayed with a fire retardant coating.

7. The explosion-proof battery compartment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inspection foolproof unit is composed of a visual camera and a key inspection switch, and the visual camera has a thermal imaging function; The energy storage room, the control power room and the electric control room are all equipped with the visual camera for identifying the battery pack or the backup battery where a fire occurs and transmitting the fire information to the controller; The visual camera is also used to identify maintenance personnel entering the energy storage room, the control power room and the electric control room, and feed back personnel information to the controller; A plurality of key inspection switches are respectively installed on the inspection door, the power inspection door and the electric control inspection door.

8. The explosion-proof battery compartment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A shock absorbing mechanism capable of controlling the lifting and lowering of a fulcrum is installed between the bottom of the battery compartment and the power compartment; An electric locking mechanism is provided at the bottom of the battery compartment, and the controller controls the unlocking or locking of the electric locking mechanism; the battery compartment is installed on the shock absorbing mechanism, and is locked on the shock absorbing mechanism by the electric locking mechanism; The shock absorbing mechanism is installed at the bottom of the power compartment; When the battery compartment needs to be replaced or an uncontrollable fire occurs in the battery compartment, the controller completely seals all the doors of the battery compartment, controls the various fulcrums of the shock-absorbing mechanism to tilt the battery compartment toward the lifting door at different lifting heights, and then controls the electric locking mechanism to unlock and unload the battery compartment out of the ship.

9. A method for explosion-proof graded fire extinguishing of an explosion-proof battery compartment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, normal working temperature control stage: the controller controls the temperature control unit, controls the room temperature of the energy storage room, the control power room and the electric control room through the first heat exchange plate, so that the working temperature of the backup battery is maintained at 20-30°C; the temperature in the battery pack is controlled through the second heat exchange plate, thereby providing heat dissipation or heating for the power battery, and regulating the temperature of the power battery at 20-30°C; S2, normal working inspection phase: When opening the inspection door, power inspection door, and electric control inspection door, the key needs to be inserted into the corresponding key inspection switch. At this time, the key inspection switch sends the door opening information to the controller, and the controller determines that the door is open; and when the inspection door, power inspection door, and electric control inspection door are opened, the unlocking key cannot be pulled out. The key inspection switch feeds back the opening information to the controller, and the corresponding inspection door, power inspection door, and electric control inspection door cannot be closed, so as to prevent the inspection personnel from being locked in the energy storage room, the control power room, and the electric control room, thereby realizing the first-level anti-foolproofing of the inspection; The visual camera identifies the maintenance personnel who enter the energy storage room, power supply room, and electric control room, and feeds back the personnel information to the controller, which controls the corresponding inspection door, power supply maintenance door, and electric control maintenance door to prevent them from being closed, thus preventing the inspection personnel from being locked in the energy storage room, power supply room, and electric control room, thereby achieving secondary anti-stuck inspection. S3, Fire handling stage: The visual camera, the temperature sensor and the smoke sensor of the fire control unit identify that the battery pack and the backup battery are on fire, and transmit the fire information to the controller. The controller increases the cooling power of the temperature control unit according to the fire classification, shields and cuts off the power of the battery pack and the backup battery, and finally starts the fire extinguishing and filtration mechanism to extinguish the fire, thereby realizing fire prevention; S3.

1. When the temperature sensor identifies that the temperature of the power battery in the protective housing of the battery pack, the temperature of the backup battery in the control power room, and the temperature of the electronic components in the electric control room are increased, the controller controls the second heat exchange plate to increase the heat exchange power, quickly reduce the temperature in the protective housing, the control power room, and the electric control room, and issues a fire warning notification; S3.

2. When the smoke sensor and pressure sensor identify that smoke appears and pressure rises, the power battery in the protective shell of the battery pack is in thermal runaway, and the backup battery in the control power room is in thermal runaway, the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism is activated to extinguish the fire; when the smoke sensor identifies that smoke appears and the electronic components in the electric control room are burning, the controller issues a fire notification in the electric control room, unlocks the electric control maintenance door, and the staff extinguishes the fire; S3.

21. When a single battery pack or a power battery in the control power supply room catches fire, the inspection door and the power supply maintenance door are closed, and the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism is activated to extinguish the fire in the protective shell of the single battery pack and the control power supply room respectively, and the controller issues a primary fire notification; S3.22, when multiple battery packs explode, close the inspection door, start the fire extinguishing and filtering mechanism to extinguish the fire in the protective shell of each battery pack and the energy storage room, and the controller issues an intermediate fire notification; S3.

3. When more than 70% of the battery packs in the energy storage room are in thermal runaway and burning, close the inspection door, power supply inspection door and electric control inspection door, start the fire extinguishing and extraction mechanism to extinguish the fire, and use the visual camera to collect fire images and thermal imaging to collect temperature distribution images; S3.

31. When the controller determines that the fire is controllable based on the collected fire image, temperature distribution image and pressure data collected by the pressure sensor, the controller issues a high-level fire notification and deactivates all battery packs in the energy storage room; S3.

32. When the controller determines that the fire is likely to expand further and there is a risk of explosion based on the collected fire image, temperature distribution image and pressure data collected by the pressure sensor, the controller issues the highest level fire notification, activates the shock absorbing mechanism to tilt the entire battery compartment toward the hoisting door, and unlocks the electric locking machine to release the battery compartment to the outside of the ship, preventing the battery compartment from exploding and sinking the ship; S4, battery compartment release stage: When floating in the ocean, the battery compartment as a whole remains pressure-bearing and sealed. The fire-extinguishing and filtration mechanism uses the power of the backup battery in the control power room to extract seawater for continuous fire extinguishing. The filtration device collects harmful substances. The controller determines whether the fire is extinguished based on the collected fire images, temperature distribution images, smoke information collected by the smoke sensor, and pressure data collected by the pressure sensor, and sends a salvage signal to the satellite.

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