Sector-ring-shaped patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics and design method of sector-ring-shaped patch antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a sector-ring-shaped patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics and a design method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of antennas and microwaves. A sector-ring-shaped patch is loaded on a grounding plate to serve as a radiation main oscillator, the sector-ring-shaped patch antenna is connected with the grounding plate through a vertical short circuit wall and a coaxial cable feed structure, and a non-closed structure with the inner circumference and the outer circumference short-circuited and the radius open-circuited is formed. The fan-ring-shaped patch adopts a coaxial cable for feeding, and different radiation modes are excited and regulated by changing a feeding position so as to realize different radiation characteristics. The antenna has a series of advantages of wide wave beam, large scanning range, small size, low profile, simple structure and the like, and has wide application prospects in various wireless communication, satellite communication and anti-interference systems of the Internet of Things.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics and a design method thereof, and belongs to the field of antenna and microwave technology and the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of wireless communication technology, the intelligent connection of all things is becoming more and more common in life. In order to improve the performance of communication systems, communication systems have put forward higher requirements on antenna size, performance, etc. Traditional microstrip patch antennas can only realize linear polarization or circular polarization, dispersive or non-dispersive radiation characteristics alone. A few microstrip antennas that have been specially designed and loaded with feeding networks can realize polarization conversion and frequency scanning characteristics, but at the same time increase the design complexity of the antenna. Therefore, it is still a big problem to design a unit microstrip patch antenna with a simple structure that can simultaneously realize radiation characteristics such as wide beam, zero-direction frequency sweep and tilted circular polarization. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a novel fan-ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics and a design method thereof. The design method loads a fan-ring patch on the ground plate as a main radiator. The fan-ring patch antenna is connected to the ground plate through a vertical short-circuit wall and a coaxial cable to form a non-closed structure with both inner and outer circumferences short-circuited and the radius open. The fan-ring patch is fed by a coaxial cable, and different radiation modes are excited and regulated by changing the feeding position to achieve different radiation characteristics. The designed antenna is small in size, simple in structure, and has good flexibility. It has broad application prospects in various wireless communications, satellite communications, and anti-interference systems.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems: On the one hand, the present invention provides a design method for a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics, the design method comprising: A fan-shaped ring patch is arranged above the ground plate, and a dielectric is filled between the two; The inner and outer circumferences of the fan-shaped ring patch are connected to the ground plate by vertical short-circuit walls, forming a non-enclosed structure with inner and outer circumferences short-circuited and radius open; The fan-shaped annular patch is provided with a coaxial cable feeding structure connected to the ground plate; A coaxial feeding probe connected to the ground plate is arranged on the fan-shaped patch for feeding, and different radiation modes are excited and regulated by changing the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe to achieve different radiation characteristics.

[0005] Furthermore, the sum of the inner and outer diameters of the fan-shaped patch is one or more wavelengths, and the ratio of the inner and outer diameters is greater than 1:1.1.

[0006] Furthermore, the fan-shaped patch is parallel to the ground plate, and the distance between the two is less than 0.1 times the wavelength.

[0007] Furthermore, the design method also includes: Setting the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe on the central axis of the fan-shaped patch; A short-circuit pin connected to the ground plate is arranged on the central axis of the fan-shaped ring patch; A pair of arc grooves symmetrical about the central axis of the fan-shaped ring patch are opened on the fan-shaped ring patch to disturb the high-order radial mode of the antenna and realize the wide beam radiation characteristics of the antenna in the elevation plane.

[0008] Furthermore, in the antenna having the wide beam radiation characteristic in the elevation plane, the central angle of the fan-shaped patch is set to 0°-110°, so that the circumferential mode is away from the radial mode.

[0009] Furthermore, the design method also includes: Setting the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe on the central axis of the fan-shaped patch; A pair of short-circuit pins symmetrical about the central axis of the fan-shaped ring patch are arranged on the fan-shaped ring patch, and a pair of arc grooves symmetrical about the central axis of the fan-shaped ring patch are opened to disturb the high-order and fundamental radial modes of the antenna respectively, so as to realize the zero-direction frequency scanning radiation characteristics of the pitch plane of the three-mode resonant antenna.

[0010] Furthermore, in the antenna having the zero-frequency scanning radiation characteristic in the elevation plane, the central angle of the fan-shaped patch is set to 0°-90° to realize a three-mode resonant, pure radial radiation antenna.

[0011] Furthermore, the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe is set to deviate from the central axis of the fan-shaped patch to excite radial and circumferential modes; By changing the central angle of the fan-shaped annular patch, the working mode type, order and circular polarization direction of the antenna are regulated to achieve the tilted circular polarization radiation characteristics of the antenna; By changing the ratio of the inner and outer diameters of the fan-shaped patch, the circular polarization tilt angle scanning range and the 3 dB axial ratio beam width can be adjusted.

[0012] Furthermore, in the antenna having tilted circular polarization radiation characteristics, the central angle of the fan-shaped patch is 120°-360°.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention provides a fan-ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics, and the antenna is obtained by the above-mentioned design method.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the above technical solution and has the following technical effects: the present invention can use a planar structure while loading a fan-shaped patch with short-circuited inner and outer circumferences and open-circuited radius, and can excite and regulate different radiation modes by changing the coaxial feeding position to achieve different radiation characteristics. The fan-shaped patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics and its design method are highly flexible and have good performance, and have broad application prospects in various wireless communications, satellite communications, and anti-interference systems of the Internet of Things. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the front structure and reference coordinates of a wide beam antenna in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram and a reference coordinate schematic diagram of a wide beam antenna in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 In one embodiment of the present invention, the antenna reflection coefficient characteristics of the wide beam antenna are calculated using HFSS software.

[0018] Figure 4 The antenna elevation radiation pattern of the wide beam antenna is calculated using HFSS software in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the front structure and reference coordinates of a zero-direction frequency scanning antenna in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram and a reference coordinate schematic diagram of a zero-direction frequency scanning antenna in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 7 In one embodiment of the present invention, the antenna reflection coefficient characteristic of the zero-direction frequency-sweep antenna is calculated using HFSS software.

[0022] Figure 8 The antenna elevation radiation pattern of the zero-sweep antenna is calculated using HFSS software in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Fig. 9 It is a frequency response curve of the zero-direction scanning angle of the zero-direction frequency scanning antenna in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the front structure and reference coordinates of a circularly polarized antenna in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Fig.11 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram and a reference coordinate schematic diagram of a circularly polarized antenna in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Fig.12 In one embodiment of the present invention, the circularly polarized antenna is characterized by antenna reflection coefficient calculated using HFSS software.

[0027] Fig.13 In one embodiment of the present invention, the circularly polarized antenna is calculated using HFSS software to provide a radiation pattern of an elevation plane with a central angle of 150° for a fan-shaped ring patch.

[0028] Fig.14 In one embodiment of the present invention, the circularly polarized antenna is calculated using HFSS software to provide a radiation pattern in an elevation plane with a central angle of 220° for a fan-shaped ring patch.

[0029] Fig.15 The figure is a radiation axis ratio diagram of a circularly polarized antenna calculated by using HFSS software in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Among them, 1 is a ground plate, 2 is a fan-shaped ring patch, 3 is a vertical short-circuit wall, 4 is a coaxial cable feeding structure, 5 is the central axis of the fan-shaped ring patch, 6 and 6' are short-circuit pins, and 7 and 7' are arc grooves. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be interpreted as limiting the present invention.

[0032] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art in the art to which the present invention belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in common dictionaries should be understood to have meanings consistent with the meanings in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted with idealized or overly formal meanings unless defined as herein.

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: The present invention proposes a design method for a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics, and the design method includes: A fan-shaped ring patch is arranged above the ground plate, and a dielectric is filled between the two; The inner and outer circumferences of the fan-shaped ring patch are connected to the ground plate by vertical short-circuit walls, forming a non-enclosed structure with inner and outer circumferences short-circuited and radius open; The fan-shaped annular patch is provided with a coaxial cable feeding structure connected to the ground plate; A coaxial feeding probe connected to the ground plate is arranged on the fan-shaped patch for feeding, and different radiation modes are excited and regulated by changing the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe to achieve different radiation characteristics.

[0034] Furthermore, the sum of the inner and outer diameters of the fan-shaped patch is one or more wavelengths, and the ratio of the inner and outer diameters is greater than 1:1.1.

[0035] Furthermore, the fan-shaped patch is parallel to the ground plate, and the distance between the two is less than 0.1 times the wavelength.

[0036] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, in one embodiment, the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe is set on the central axis of the fan-shaped ring patch; a short-circuit pin connected to the ground plate is set on the central axis of the fan-shaped ring patch; a pair of arc grooves symmetrical about the central axis of the fan-shaped ring patch are opened on the fan-shaped ring patch to disturb the high-order radial mode of the antenna and realize the wide beam radiation characteristics of the antenna in the pitch plane.

[0037] Furthermore, in the wide beam antenna implemented above, the central angle of the fan-shaped patch is set to 0°-110°, so that the circumferential mode is away from the radial mode.

[0038] In this embodiment, air medium is used, and the long side and wide side of the rectangular ground plate are 100 mm and 60 mm respectively; the inner diameter and outer diameter of the fan-shaped ring patch loaded with the arc groove structure are 23.3 mm and 83.3 mm respectively, and the inner and outer radius ratio is 1:3.5; the degree of the center angle of the fan-shaped ring patch is 100°; the distance between the fan-shaped ring patch and the ground plate is 4 mm; the starting point of the arc groove on the fan-shaped ring patch is 38.2 mm away from the center of the circle, the angle of the arc groove is 45°, the length is 21 mm, and the width is 3 mm; the coaxial feeding structure and the short-circuit pin on the fan-shaped ring patch are both arranged on the central axis, and the positions from the center of the circle are 25.1 mm and 40 mm respectively, and the radius of the short-circuit pin is 2.5 mm.

[0039] The characteristics of the above wide beam antenna obtained by simulation and calculation using HFSS software: Figure 3 The antenna reflection coefficient characteristics of this embodiment are calculated using HFSS software. The antenna realizes dual-mode resonance and the impedance bandwidth covers the frequency band from 2.98 to 3.19 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 8.4%.

[0040] Figure 4 This is the radiation pattern of the elevation plane at 3.10 GHz calculated using HFSS software, and its 3 dB beamwidth is greater than 100°.

[0041] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in one embodiment, the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe is set on the central axis of the fan-shaped patch; a pair of short-circuit pins symmetrical about the central axis of the fan-shaped patch are set on the fan-shaped patch, and a pair of arc grooves symmetrical about the central axis of the fan-shaped patch are opened to disturb the high-order and fundamental radial modes of the antenna respectively, so as to realize the zero-direction frequency scanning radiation characteristics of the pitch plane of the three-mode resonant antenna.

[0042] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned zero-directional frequency-scanning antenna, the central angle of the fan-shaped ring patch is set to 0°-90° to achieve a three-mode resonant, pure radial radiation antenna.

[0043] In this embodiment, air medium is used, and the long side and wide side of the rectangular ground plate are 100 mm and 80 mm respectively; the inner diameter and outer diameter of the fan-shaped ring patch loaded with the arc groove structure are 5 mm and 70 mm respectively, and the inner and outer radius ratio is 1:14; the center angle of the fan-shaped ring patch is 50°; the distance between the fan-shaped ring patch and the ground plate is 5 mm; the starting point of the arc groove on the fan-shaped ring patch is 50 mm away from the center of the circle, the angle of the arc groove is 15°, the length is 18 mm, and the width is 4 mm; the coaxial feeding structure on the fan-shaped ring patch is arranged on the central axis, and the distance from the center of the circle is 24 mm, and the radius is 0.65 mm; the angle between the line connecting the two short-circuit pins and the center of the fan-shaped ring patch and the central axis is ±15°, and the radius is 2.5 mm.

[0044] The characteristics of the above zero-direction frequency-sweep antenna obtained by simulation and calculation using HFSS software: Figure 7 The antenna reflection coefficient characteristics of this embodiment are calculated using HFSS software. The antenna realizes three-mode resonance and the impedance bandwidth covers the frequency band of 4.07 to 5.33 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 28%.

[0045] Figure 8 The figure is the radiation pattern of the embodiment calculated by HFSS software. The black solid line represents the pattern at a frequency of 5.28 GHz, and the zero point appears at a pitch angle of 42°; the black dashed line represents the pattern at a frequency of 5.16 GHz, and the zero point appears at a pitch angle of 37°; the black dotted line represents the pattern at a frequency of 5.0 GHz, and the zero point appears at a pitch angle of 20°; the gray solid line represents the pattern at a frequency of 4.80 GHz, and the zero point appears at a pitch angle of 10°; the gray dashed line represents the pattern at a frequency of 4.6 GHz, and the zero point appears at a pitch angle of 3°; the gray dotted line represents the pattern at a frequency of 4.4 GHz, and the zero point appears at a pitch angle of -6°. It can be seen that the antenna realizes the unidirectional zero-direction frequency sweep function on the elevation plane.

[0046] Fig. 9 It is the angle frequency curve of the zero-direction frequency scanning characteristic of the antenna of this embodiment. The antenna can realize zero-direction frequency scanning in the range of elevation angle -6°-+42° and the angle frequency curve presents a positive slope characteristic.

[0047] like Fig.10 and Fig.11 As shown, in one embodiment, the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe is set to deviate from the central axis of the fan-shaped patch to excite radial and circumferential modes; by changing the size of the central angle of the fan-shaped patch, the working mode type (radial mode / circumferential mode), order (odd / even mode of the circumferential mode) and left / right rotation direction of the circular polarization of the antenna are regulated to achieve the tilted circular polarization radiation characteristics of the antenna; by changing the ratio of the inner and outer diameters of the fan-shaped patch, the circular polarization tilt angle scanning range and the 3 dB axial ratio beam width are regulated.

[0048] Furthermore, in the above-implemented tilted circularly polarized antenna, the central angle of the fan-shaped ring patch is 120°-360°.

[0049] In this embodiment, air medium is used, and the long side and wide side of the rectangular ground plate are 90 mm and 80 mm respectively; the inner diameter and outer diameter of the fan-shaped ring patch are 6 mm and 40 mm respectively, and the inner and outer radius ratio is 1:6.5; the central angle of the fan-shaped ring patch is 150°; the distance between the fan-shaped ring patch and the ground plate is 3 mm; the angle between the line connecting the coaxial feed cable structure and the center of the fan-shaped ring patch and the central axis is -25°.

[0050] The characteristics of the above tilted circularly polarized antenna obtained by simulation and calculation using HFSS software: Fig.12 The antenna reflection coefficient characteristic of this embodiment is calculated by using HFSS software. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna covers the frequency band of 4.44 GHz-5.05 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 13.6%.

[0051] Fig.13 The directional radiation pattern of the fan-shaped ring patch antenna with a central angle of 150° in this embodiment is calculated by HFSS software. The black solid line and the black dashed line represent the left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization radiation patterns at 4.78 GHz, respectively, with a tilt angle of 5°; the gray solid line and the gray dashed line represent the left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization radiation patterns at 4.82 GHz, respectively, with a tilt angle of 15°. The results show that the antenna is a left-hand circular polarization antenna, and the tilt angle shows a scanning characteristic as the frequency increases.

[0052] Fig.14The directional radiation pattern of the fan-shaped ring patch antenna with a central angle of 220° in this embodiment is calculated by HFSS software. The black solid line and the black dashed line represent the left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization radiation patterns at 4.54 GHz, respectively, with a tilt angle of 30°; the gray solid line and the gray dashed line represent the left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization radiation patterns at 4.57 GHz, respectively, with a tilt angle of 35°. The results show that the antenna is a right-hand circular polarization antenna, the tilt angle shows a frequency sweep characteristic, and the tilt angle increases with the increase of the inner and outer diameter ratio.

[0053] Fig.15 This is a simulation diagram of the axial ratio of the fan-shaped ring patch antenna with a central angle of 150° in this embodiment calculated by HFSS software. The black solid line represents the axial ratio diagram with a pitch angle of 5°; the black dashed line represents the axial ratio diagram with a pitch angle of 10°; the black dotted line represents the axial ratio diagram with a pitch angle of 15°; and the gray solid line represents the axial ratio diagram with a pitch angle of 20°. According to the results, the axial ratio of the antenna within 5°-20° is less than 3 dB, showing oblique circular polarization radiation characteristics.

[0054] In summary, the fan-ring patch antenna designed by the present invention can feed the fan-ring patch with short-circuited inner and outer circles and open radius at different positions according to requirements, add disturbance devices (arc slots, short-circuit pins) to design antennas with different radiation characteristics, and realize wide beam, zero-direction frequency sweep, and circular polarization characteristics with adjustable tilt angle. The wide beam antenna designed by the present invention has good wide beam performance in the pitch plane and a simple structure; the zero-direction frequency sweep antenna designed by the present invention has a single-direction scanning direction of the radiation zero direction, and the slope of the zero-direction frequency sweep curve is positive; the tilted circular polarization antenna designed by the present invention has good radiation performance and can adjust the scanning range of the circular polarization tilt angle. In summary, the fan-ring patch antenna designed by the present invention has a series of advantages such as a wide scanning range, a low profile, and a simple structure, and is easy to manufacture and realize; it has strong flexibility and good performance, and has broad application prospects in various wireless communications, satellite communications, and anti-interference systems of the Internet of Things.

[0055] The above description is only a specific implementation of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technology can understand and think of any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A design method for a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics, characterized in that: The design method comprises: A fan-shaped ring patch (2) is arranged above the ground plate (1), and a dielectric is filled between the two; The inner and outer circumferences of the fan-shaped ring patch (2) are connected to the ground plate (1) by vertical short-circuit walls (3), forming a non-enclosed structure with inner and outer circumferences short-circuited and radius open; The fan-shaped annular patch (2) is provided with a coaxial cable feeding structure (4) connected to the ground plate (1); A coaxial feeding probe (4) connected to the ground plate (1) is arranged on the fan-shaped ring patch (2) for feeding, and different radiation modes are excited and regulated by changing the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe (4) to achieve different radiation characteristics.

2. The design method of a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sum of the inner and outer diameters of the fan-shaped annular patch (2) is one or more times the wavelength, and the ratio of the inner and outer diameters is greater than 1:1.

1.

3. The design method of a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fan-shaped patch (2) is parallel to the ground plate (1), and the distance between the two is less than 0.1 times the wavelength.

4. The design method of a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The design method further comprises: Setting the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe (4) on the central axis (5) of the fan-shaped ring patch (2); A short-circuit pin (6) connected to the ground plate (1) is arranged on the central axis (5) of the fan-shaped ring patch (2); A pair of arc-shaped grooves (7, 7') symmetrical about the central axis (5) of the fan-shaped ring patch (2) are provided on the fan-shaped ring patch (2) to disturb the high-order radial mode of the antenna and realize the antenna's elevation plane wide beam radiation characteristics.

5. The design method of a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The central angle of the fan-shaped patch (2) is set to 0°-110°, so that the circumferential mode is away from the radial mode.

6. The design method of a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The design method further comprises: Setting the feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe (4) on the central axis (5) of the fan-shaped ring patch (2); A pair of short-circuit pins (6, 6') symmetrical about the central axis (5) of the fan-shaped ring patch (2) are arranged on the fan-shaped ring patch (2), and a pair of arc-shaped slots (7, 7') symmetrical about the central axis (5) of the fan-shaped ring patch (2) are opened to disturb the high-order and fundamental-order radial modes of the antenna respectively, so as to realize the zero-direction frequency scanning radiation characteristics of the elevation plane of the three-mode resonant antenna.

7. The design method of a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics according to claim 6, characterized in that: The central angle of the fan-shaped annular patch (2) is set to 0°-90° to realize a three-mode resonance and pure radial radiation antenna.

8. The design method of a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding position of the coaxial feeding probe (4) is set to deviate from the central axis (5) of the fan-shaped patch (2) to excite radial and circumferential modes; By changing the size of the central angle of the fan-shaped annular patch (2), the type of working mode, order and direction of circular polarization of the antenna are regulated to achieve the tilted circular polarization radiation characteristics of the antenna; By changing the ratio of the inner and outer diameters of the fan-shaped annular patch (2), the circular polarization tilt angle scanning range and the 3 dB axial ratio beam width are regulated.

9. The design method of a fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics according to claim 8, characterized in that: The central angle of the fan-shaped patch (2) is 120°-360°.

10. A fan-shaped ring patch antenna with multiple radiation characteristics, characterized in that: The antenna is obtained by any design method described in claims 1 to 9.

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