Large mine ecological restoration and maintenance system

Abstract

The invention provides a large mine ecological restoration and maintenance system, which belongs to the technical field of ecological management and comprises a plurality of soil fixation units, a fixing mechanism and a growth layer. The soil fixing unit covers the gravel surface to form a soil fixing layer; the soil fixing unit comprises a fixing bag and foundation soil filled in the fixing bag. The bottom of the fixing mechanism is embedded in a gravel gap, and the top is connected with the soil fixing unit and used for fixing the soil fixing unit to the gravel surface. The growth layer covers the surface of the soil fixing layer; the growth layer is a humus soil layer and is used for plant growth. According to the ecological restoration and maintenance system for the large mine, the soil fixing units are stacked on the surface of the rockfill yard, the fixing bags are filled with loose soil, and then the surface of the rockfill yard is covered with the loose soil. Loose soil is concentrated into a soil fixing unit by the fixing bags, so that the soil is prevented from leaking from gaps among broken stones, and the difficulty of covering soil on the surface of the rockfill yard is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological management, and more specifically, relates to a large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system. Background Art

[0002] Mining activities have significant impacts on the environment, which can lead to land destruction, water pollution and loss of biodiversity. During the mining process, rock piles are opened on the slopes of non-mining areas, and the waste generated during the mining process is piled up in the rock piles at any time. The gravel covered by the rock piles has a large slope, a relatively smooth surface and a large number of gaps between the gravel, making it impossible for the rock piles to fix the soil and store water normally, making it difficult to restore the ecology of the gravel piles. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system, aiming to solve the problem that the rockfill site cannot normally fix the soil and store water.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system, including:

[0005] A plurality of soil-fixing units are covered on the surface of the crushed stone to form a soil-fixing layer; the soil-fixing units include fixing bags and base soil filled in the fixing bags;

[0006] A fixing mechanism, the bottom of which is buried in the gap between the gravel and the top of which is connected to the soil fixing unit, and is used to fix the soil fixing unit on the gravel surface; and

[0007] The growth layer covers the surface of the soil-fixing layer; the growth layer is a humus layer for plant growth.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the fixing mechanism includes:

[0009] A first connecting rod, the bottom of which is inserted into the gap between the gravel and the top of which is connected to the soil consolidation unit;

[0010] At least two fixing rods, whose hinged ends are hinged on the bottom side of the first connecting rod and whose free ends point to the soil consolidation unit; the at least two fixing rods are evenly distributed along the circumference of the first connecting rod; and

[0011] A fixing assembly is arranged between the fixing rod and the first connecting rod; the fixing assembly is used to drive the fixing rod to open so that the free end of the fixing rod abuts against the gravel surface.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the fixing assembly includes a torsion spring disposed between the first connecting rod and the fixing rod, and the torsion spring is used to drive the fixing rod to expand.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the fixing component includes:

[0014] A rotating tube, sleeved on the first connecting rod, and the rotating tube can rotate around its own axis;

[0015] A sliding tube is sleeved on the rotating tube; the sliding tube is threadably matched with the rotating tube; and

[0016] The support rod has one end hinged on the fixed rod and the other end hinged on the sliding tube; at least two support rods are provided and correspond to the fixed rods one by one.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the end of the support rod is hinged to the side surface of the half portion of the fixing rod close to the hinged end.

[0018] In a possible implementation, the fixing component includes:

[0019] A slide tube is sleeved on the first connecting rod; a pawl is provided on the inner wall of the slide tube, and ratchet teeth are provided on the side of the first connecting rod, and the pawl cooperates with the ratchet teeth so that the slide tube can only slide toward the bottom of the first connecting rod; and

[0020] The support rod has one end hinged on the fixed rod and the other end hinged on the sliding tube; at least two support rods are provided and correspond to the fixed rods one by one.

[0021] In a possible implementation, a spike portion is provided on the top of the first connecting rod, a second connecting rod is connected to the top of the first connecting rod, and the second connecting rod points to the bottom of the first connecting rod.

[0022] In a possible implementation manner, the surface of the growth layer is covered with a covering layer.

[0023] In a possible implementation, a plurality of water-blocking steps are provided on the inclined surface of the growth layer.

[0024] In a possible implementation, a guide plate is provided on the outer side of the water retaining step.

[0025] The beneficial effect of the large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system provided by the present invention is that compared with the prior art, the large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system of the present invention piles up soil-fixing units on the surface of the rock pile, fills loose soil into fixed bags, and then covers the surface of the rock pile. The fixed bags concentrate the loose soil into a soil-fixing unit to prevent the soil from leaking from the gaps between the gravel, reducing the difficulty of covering the surface of the rock pile with soil. The fixing mechanism fixes the soil-fixing unit on the surface of the rock pile to prevent the soil-fixing unit from rolling down in the rock pile, thereby constructing a stable soil-fixing layer on the surface of the rock pile. The soil of the growth layer covering the surface of the soil-fixing layer is humus soil, which provides a growth environment and growth materials for plant growth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fixing mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fixing assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a support rod and a fixing rod provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of another support rod and a fixing rod provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of another fixing assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Description of reference numerals:

[0034] 1. Soil-fixing unit; 11. Fixing bag; 12. Base soil; 2. Fixing mechanism; 21. First connecting rod; 211. Spike; 212. Second connecting rod; 22. Fixing rod; 23. Fixing assembly; 231. Rotating pipe; 232. Sliding pipe; 233. Support rod; 3. Growth layer; 4. Covering layer; 5. Water retaining step; 6. Guide plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 6 , the large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system provided by the present invention is now described.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 , a large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system, including multiple soil consolidation units 1, fixing mechanisms 2 and growth layers 3.

[0038] The soil fixing unit 1 covers the surface of the gravel to form a soil fixing layer 1; the soil fixing unit 1 includes a fixing bag 11 and a base soil 12 filled in the fixing bag 11. The bottom of the fixing mechanism 2 is buried in the gap between the gravel and the top is connected to the soil fixing unit 1, which is used to fix the soil fixing unit 1 on the surface of the gravel. The growth layer 3 covers the surface of the soil fixing layer 1; the growth layer 3 is a humus soil layer for plant growth.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system provided by the present invention piles up soil consolidation units 1 on the surface of the rockfill, fills loose soil into fixing bags 11, and then covers the surface of the rockfill. The fixing bags 11 concentrate the loose soil into a soil consolidation unit 1, prevents soil from leaking from the gaps between the crushed stones, and reduces the difficulty of covering the surface of the rockfill with soil.

[0040] Since each soil consolidation unit 1 is independent of each other and has little interaction with each other, each soil consolidation unit 1 cannot be effectively connected into a whole, resulting in poor stability of the soil consolidation layer 1. The fixing mechanism 2 fixes the soil consolidation unit 1 on the surface of the rockfill to prevent the soil consolidation unit 1 from rolling down in the rockfill, thereby constructing a stable soil consolidation layer 1 on the surface of the rockfill.

[0041] The base soil 12 in the fixed bag 11 is raw soil. In the soil layer distribution, the soil in the upper layer is cooked soil, which contains more nutrients and microorganisms, has a pH value suitable for the growth of plant roots, and has good air permeability and gas storage capacity. Cooked soil can provide a suitable environment for plant growth. The soil located deeper below the cooked soil is raw soil, and the air permeability, gas storage capacity, content of nutrients and microorganisms, and acidity and alkalinity of the raw soil are not suitable for plant growth. However, the content of cooked soil in the natural environment is relatively small, and only a few tens of centimeters thick on the surface of the land is cooked soil, and the depth below is raw soil. In order to save cooked soil and reduce damage to the land, raw soil is used in the soil-fixing layer 1. At the same time, in order to better carry out ecological restoration, a layer of cooked soil is covered on the surface of the soil-fixing layer 1 for plant growth.

[0042] Reference Figure 2 In a possible implementation, the fixing mechanism 2 includes: a first connecting rod 21 , at least two fixing rods 22 and a fixing assembly 23 .

[0043] The bottom of the first connecting rod 21 is inserted into the gap between the gravel and the top is connected to the soil consolidation unit 1. The hinged end of the fixing rod 22 is hinged on the bottom side of the first connecting rod 21, and the free end points to the soil consolidation unit 1. The fixing rods 22 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the first connecting rod 21. The fixing assembly 23 is arranged between the fixing rod 22 and the first connecting rod 21; the fixing assembly 23 is used to drive the fixing rod 22 to open so that the free end of the fixing rod 22 abuts against the gravel surface.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the first connecting rod 21 and the fixing rod 22 are made of aluminum alloy. Since the aluminum alloy has high hardness and light weight, two fixing rods 22 are provided, and the two fixing rods 22 are symmetrically arranged about the first connecting rod 21.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the first connecting rod 21 and the fixing rod 22 are made of aluminum alloy. Since the aluminum alloy has high hardness and light weight, three fixing rods 22 are provided, and the angle between the three fixing rods 22 is 120°.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the first connecting rod 21 and the fixing rod 22 are made of aluminum alloy. Since the aluminum alloy has high hardness and light weight, four fixing rods 22 are provided, and the angle between the four fixing rods 22 is 90°.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the first connecting rod 21 and the fixing rod 22 are made of engineering plastics. Aluminum alloy has high hardness and light weight. Two fixing rods 22 are provided, and the two fixing rods 22 are symmetrically arranged about the first connecting rod 21.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the first connecting rod 21 and the fixing rod 22 are made of engineering plastics. Aluminum alloy has high hardness and light weight. Three fixing rods 22 are provided, and the angle between the three fixing rods 22 is 120°.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the first connecting rod 21 and the fixing rod 22 are made of engineering plastics. Aluminum alloy has high hardness and light weight. Four fixing rods 22 are provided, and the angle between the four fixing rods 22 is 90°.

[0050] In a possible implementation, the fixing assembly 23 includes a torsion spring disposed between the first connecting rod 21 and the fixing rod 22 , and the torsion spring is used to drive the fixing rod 22 to open.

[0051] Under the action of the torsion spring, the fixing rod 22 is fully opened. When installing the fixing mechanism 2, the bottom of the first connecting rod 21 is inserted into the gap between the gravels. When the fixing rod 22 enters the gap, the end of the fixing rod 22 abuts against the inner wall of the gap, so that the fixing rod 22 is passively retracted. When the fixing rod 22 enters a larger position in the gap, the torsion spring opens the fixing rod 22, so that the free end of the fixing rod 22 abuts against the surface of the gravels in the gap, thereby fixing the first connecting rod 21 so that the first connecting rod 21 cannot be pulled out of the gap between the gravels.

[0052] Reference Figure 3 In a possible implementation, the fixing assembly 23 includes: a rotating tube 231 , a sliding tube 232 , and a support rod 233 .

[0053] The first connecting rod 21 is a cylindrical rod, and the rotating tube 231 is sleeved on the first connecting rod 21, and the rotating tube 231 can rotate around its own axis. The sliding tube 232 is sleeved on the rotating tube 231; the sliding tube 232 and the rotating tube 231 are threadedly matched. One end of the support rod 233 is hinged on the fixed rod 22, and the other end is hinged on the sliding tube 232; at least two support rods 233 are provided, and the number of support rods 233 is the same as that of the fixed rod 22, and they correspond to the fixed rod 22 one by one.

[0054] In a possible implementation, the end of the support rod 233 is hinged to the side of the half portion of the fixing rod 22 close to the hinged end.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, a first limiting ring is provided at the middle position of the first connecting rod 21, and a second limiting ring is provided at a position close to the top end of the first connecting rod 21. The first limiting ring is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 21. The rotating tube 231, the sliding tube 232, the support rod 233, the first limiting ring and the second limiting ring are made of the same material. When the material of the first connecting rod 21 is an aluminum alloy, the first limiting ring and the first connecting rod 21 are connected together by welding. A thread is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the top of the connecting rod, and the second limiting ring is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 21 by thread matching. The rotating tube 231 is sleeved on the first connecting rod 21 and is located between the first limiting ring and the second limiting ring. The rotating tube 231 and the first connecting rod 21 are clearance matched, and the rotating tube 231 can rotate around its own axis. Threads are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating tube 231 and the inner wall of the sliding tube 232, and the sliding tube 232 is threadedly matched with the rotating tube 231.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, a first limiting ring is provided at the middle position of the first connecting rod 21, and a second limiting ring is provided at a position close to the top end of the first connecting rod 21. The first limiting ring is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 21. The rotating tube 231, the sliding tube 232, the support rod 233, the first limiting ring and the second limiting ring are made of the same material. When the material of the first connecting rod 21 is an aluminum alloy, the first limiting ring and the first connecting rod 21 are integrally formed. A thread is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the top of the connecting rod, and the second limiting ring is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 21 by thread matching. The rotating tube 231 is sleeved on the first connecting rod 21 and is located between the first limiting ring and the second limiting ring. The rotating tube 231 and the first connecting rod 21 are clearance matched, and the rotating tube 231 can rotate around its own axis. Threads are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating tube 231 and the inner wall of the sliding tube 232, and the sliding tube 232 is threadedly matched with the rotating tube 231.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, a first limiting ring is provided at the middle position of the first connecting rod 21, and a second limiting ring is provided at a position close to the top end of the first connecting rod 21. The first limiting ring is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 21. The rotating tube 231, the sliding tube 232, the support rod 233, the first limiting ring and the second limiting ring are made of the same material. When the material of the first connecting rod 21 is engineering plastic, the first limiting ring and the first connecting rod 21 are connected together by bonding. A thread is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the top of the connecting rod, and the second limiting ring is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 21 by thread matching. The rotating tube 231 is sleeved on the first connecting rod 21 and is located between the first limiting ring and the second limiting ring. The rotating tube 231 and the first connecting rod 21 are clearance matched, and the rotating tube 231 can rotate around its own axis. Threads are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating tube 231 and the inner wall of the sliding tube 232, and the sliding tube 232 is threadedly matched with the rotating tube 231.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, a first limiting ring is provided at the middle position of the first connecting rod 21, and a second limiting ring is provided at a position close to the top end of the first connecting rod 21. The first limiting ring is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 21. The rotating tube 231, the sliding tube 232, the support rod 233, the first limiting ring and the second limiting ring are made of the same material. When the material of the first connecting rod 21 is engineering plastic, the first limiting ring and the first connecting rod 21 are integrally injection molded. A thread is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the top of the connecting rod, and the second limiting ring is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 21 by thread matching. The rotating tube 231 is sleeved on the first connecting rod 21 and is located between the first limiting ring and the second limiting ring. The rotating tube 231 and the first connecting rod 21 are clearance matched, and the rotating tube 231 can rotate around its own axis. Threads are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating tube 231 and the inner wall of the sliding tube 232, and the sliding tube 232 is threadedly matched with the rotating tube 231.

[0059] Reference Figure 4 The support rod 233 is arranged on the side of the fixed rod 22, one end of the support rod 233 is hinged to the fixed rod 22 near the hinged end of the fixed rod 22, and the other end is hinged to the slide tube 232. Due to the limitation of the support rod 233 and the fixed rod 22, the slide tube 232 cannot rotate. When the rotating tube 231 is rotated, the rotating tube 231 drives the slide tube 232 to move along the axial direction of the rotating tube 231, thereby driving the fixed rod 22 to open or retract through the support rod 233.

[0060] Reference Figure 5 A receiving groove is provided on the fixed rod 22, one end of the support rod 233 is hinged on the inner wall of the receiving groove near the hinge end of the fixed rod 22, and the other end is hinged on the slide tube 232. When the fixed rod 22 and the support rod 233 are in line, the support rod 233 is located in the receiving groove and does not interfere with the fixed rod 22. Due to the limitation of the support rod 233 and the fixed rod 22, the slide tube 232 cannot rotate. When the rotating tube 231 is rotated, the rotating tube 231 drives the slide tube 232 to move along the axial direction of the rotating tube 231, thereby driving the fixed rod 22 to open or retract through the support rod 233.

[0061] Reference Figure 6 In a possible implementation, the fixing assembly 23 includes: a sliding tube 232 and a support rod 233 .

[0062] The slide tube 232 is sleeved on the first connecting rod 21; a pawl is provided on the inner wall of the slide tube 232, and ratchet teeth are provided on the side of the first connecting rod 21. The pawl and the ratchet teeth cooperate to make the slide tube 232 slide toward the bottom of the first connecting rod 21. One end of the support rod 233 is hinged on the fixed rod 22, and the other end is hinged on the slide tube 232; at least two support rods 233 are provided, and they correspond to the fixed rod 22 one by one.

[0063] In a possible implementation, a spike portion 211 is provided at the top of the first connecting rod 21 , and a second connecting rod 212 is connected to the top of the first connecting rod 21 , and the second connecting rod 212 points to the bottom of the first connecting rod 21 .

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, one end of the second connecting rod 212 is hinged to the top of the first connecting rod 21, and a torsion spring is provided between the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 212. After the fixing mechanism 2 is installed in the gravel gap, the fixing unit is placed on the fixing mechanism 2. The spike portion 211 at the top of the first connecting rod 21 penetrates, and the spike portion 211 and the second connecting rod 212 pierce into the fixing bag 11. At this time, under the action of the soil inside the fixing bag 11, the second connecting rod 212 rotates in the direction close to the first connecting rod 21 and compresses the torsion spring. When the fixing bag 11 is pulled out, the soil in the fixing bag 11 enters between the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 212, and the torsion spring simultaneously drives the second connecting rod 212 to rotate in the direction away from the first connecting rod 21, thereby increasing the resistance to the pulling out of the fixing bag 11, so that the fixing unit cannot be separated from the fixing mechanism 2, thereby fixing the fixing unit.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, one end of the second connecting rod 212 is fixed to the top of the first connecting rod 21, and there is a certain angle between the second connecting rod 212 and the first connecting rod 21, and the second connecting rod 212 has a certain elasticity. After the fixing mechanism 2 is installed in the gravel gap, the fixing unit is placed on the fixing mechanism 2. The spike portion 211 on the top of the first connecting rod 21 penetrates, and the spike portion 211 and the second connecting rod 212 are inserted into the fixing bag 11. At this time, under the action of the soil inside the fixing bag 11, the second connecting rod 212 is deformed and bent in the direction close to the first connecting rod 21. When the fixing bag 11 is pulled out, the soil in the fixing bag 11 enters between the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 212, and the second connecting rod 212 is reset under the action of its own elasticity, thereby increasing the resistance to the pulling out of the fixing bag 11, so that the fixing unit cannot be separated from the fixing mechanism 2, thereby fixing the fixing unit.

[0066] In a possible implementation manner, the surface of the growth layer 3 is covered with a cover layer 4 .

[0067] Before the vegetation in the growth layer 3 is formed, the surface of the growth layer 3 is covered with a covering layer 4 to prevent the wind and rain from directly impacting the growth layer 3 and causing the loss of the grown soil.

[0068] In a possible implementation, a plurality of water-blocking steps 5 are provided on the inclined surface of the growth layer 3 .

[0069] When rainwater flows on the slope of the growth layer 3, the water flow velocity is accelerated under the action of gravity. The water blocking step 5 can block the water flow on the slope of the growth layer 3 to avoid excessive water flow velocity and reduce soil erosion.

[0070] In a possible implementation, a guide plate 6 is provided on the outer side of the water retaining step 5 .

[0071] The guide plate 6 is an arc-shaped plate, and the axis of the guide plate 6 is parallel to the growth slope and is arranged horizontally. After the water flow passes through the water-blocking step 5, under the guidance of the guide plate 6, the water flow direction is changed, so that the water flow goes upward and collides with the water flow flowing down the growth layer 3, forming a turbulent flow, and breaking up the water flow, further reducing the scouring of the growth layer 3 by the water flow.

[0072] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system, characterized in that: include: A plurality of soil-fixing units (1) are covered on the surface of the crushed stone to form a soil-fixing layer; the soil-fixing unit (1) comprises a fixing bag (11) and base soil (12) filled in the fixing bag (11); A fixing mechanism (2), the bottom of which is buried in the gap between the gravel and the top of which is connected to the soil fixing unit (1), and is used to fix the soil fixing unit (1) on the gravel surface; and The growth layer (3) covers the surface of the soil-fixing layer; the growth layer (3) is a humus layer used for plant growth.

2. The large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fixing mechanism (2) comprises: A first connecting rod (21), the bottom of which is inserted into the gap between the gravel and the top of which is connected to the soil consolidation unit (1); at least two fixing rods (22), the hinged ends of which are hinged on the bottom side of the first connecting rod (21), and the free ends of which point toward the soil consolidation unit (1); the at least two fixing rods (22) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the first connecting rod (21); and A fixing assembly (23) is arranged between the fixing rod (22) and the first connecting rod (21); the fixing assembly (23) is used to drive the fixing rod (22) to open so that the free end of the fixing rod (22) abuts against the gravel surface.

3. The large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The fixing assembly (23) comprises a torsion spring arranged between the first connecting rod (21) and the fixing rod (22), and the torsion spring is used to drive the fixing rod (22) to open.

4. The large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixing assembly (23) comprises: A rotating tube (231) is sleeved on the first connecting rod (21), and the rotating tube (231) can rotate around its own axis; A sliding tube (232) is sleeved on the rotating tube (231); the sliding tube (232) and the rotating tube (231) are threadedly matched; and The support rod (233) has one end hinged on the fixed rod (22) and the other end hinged on the sliding tube (232); at least two support rods (233) are provided and correspond one to one with the fixed rods (22).

5. The large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: The end of the support rod (233) is hinged on the side of the half portion of the fixing rod (22) close to the hinged end.

6. The large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixing assembly (23) comprises: A sliding tube (232) is sleeved on the first connecting rod (21); a ratchet is provided on the inner wall of the sliding tube (232), and ratchet teeth are provided on the side of the first connecting rod (21); the ratchet pawl cooperates with the ratchet teeth so that the sliding tube (232) can only slide toward the bottom of the first connecting rod (21); and The support rod (233) has one end hinged on the fixed rod (22) and the other end hinged on the sliding tube (232); at least two support rods (233) are provided and correspond one to one with the fixed rods (22).

7. The large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the first connecting rod (21) is provided with a spike portion (211), the top of the first connecting rod (21) is connected to a second connecting rod (212), and the second connecting rod (212) points to the bottom of the first connecting rod (21).

8. The large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The surface of the growth layer (3) is covered with a covering layer (4).

9. The large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of water-blocking steps (5) are arranged on the inclined surface of the growth layer (3).

10. The large-scale mine ecological restoration and maintenance system according to claim 9, characterized in that: A guide plate (6) is provided on the outer side of the water blocking step (5).

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