221results about How to "Avoid friction" patented technology

A proximity sensor switch-controlled meter and lamp switch system installed in a motor vehicle that can be a motorcycle or car is disclosed to include a meter having a micro-controller unit (MCU) and an electronic display device, a lamp switch unit installed in one handlebar (or the motorcycle) or steering wheel (of the car), and proximity sensor switches respectively mounted in the meter and the lamp switch unit for controlling the micro-controller unit (MCU) to control the display mode of an electronic display device of the meter or to switch on/off the headlamp or left/right turn signal light of the motor vehicle when the motorcycle rider or car driver touches the meter or the lamp switch unit with a finger.

The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering, in particular to a damper and a manufacturing method thereof. A high-damping rubber fluid viscoelastic damper comprises a steel plate layer and a fluid viscoelastic material layer, wherein the steel plate layer comprises a middle steel plate and side steel plates arranged at two sides of the middle steel plate, the fluid viscoelastic material layer is arranged between the steel plate layer and the side steel plates, and the fluid viscoelastic material layer is the high-damping rubber fluid viscoelastic material layer made of high-damping rubber fluid viscoelastic material. Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: the vibration energy can be absorbed effectively by the deformation of the high-damping rubber fluid viscoelastic material, a hysteresis ring is full, and the fatigue resistance is good; and compared with the traditional fluid viscoelastic damper, the energy consumption property has stronger nonlinearity, and the energy consumption property is good under the condition of extremely small displacement and extremely low speed.

The invention discloses a hydraulic pulp kneader, including the trough solid whose bottom has pulp kneader with corkscrew leaf set vertically, the driving end of pulp kneader is connected to the driving device below the trough solid, and the bottom of trough solid of the pulp kneader driving end is saddlebacked, making the leaf of pulp kneader get away from the bottom of trough solid, avoiding friction between the trough solid and pulp kneader completely, decides the route of whole vorticity circulation and local vorticity circulation formed in the trough solid is lengthed, so that the times of collision is increased and the waste paper is scattered to be the single fiber and it won't be cut off, also, all kinds of nonfiber mixture are kept wholly, it has decreased the energy cost and increased the quality of paper pulp.

The invention relates to a lamp fixing device capable of adjusting an illumination angle and a lamp. The lamp fixing device comprises a fixing seat, a first adjusting disc and a second adjusting disc, wherein the fixing seat is used for connecting a lamp holder; the first adjusting disc is arranged on the fixing seat and is provided with a first serrated face; and the second adjusting disc is provided with a second serrated face. Teeth capable of coinciding with one another to lock the lamp at different illumination angles are arranged on the first and second serrated faces; an adjusting bolt sequentially passes through the second adjusting disc, the first adjusting disc and the fixing seat; a nut is arranged at one end of the adjusting bolt, which runs through the fixing seat; a gap is reserved between the nut and the fixing seat; and a spring used for jacking the fixing seat and the first adjusting disc and making the first serrated face fitted with the second serrated face is arranged at the gap. The lamp fixing device can conveniently adjust the illumination angle of the lamp holder with a single hand and also can reliably adjust the illumination angle when the fixing seat is connected with a relatively heavy lamp holder.

The invention relates to a multifunctional wheelchair for handicapped persons, which consists of a vehicle frame, a chair, a vehicle wheel group, a wheelchair motor group and a power supply, wherein the chair is arranged on the vehicle frame; the lower part of the vehicle frame is provided with the vehicle wheel group; the machine frame is provided with the wheelchair motor group and the power supply for driving the vehicle wheel group. The vehicle frame consists of a horizontal base and a guide rail bracket which is vertically and fixedly arranged on the base; the front side of the guide rail bracket is provided with a suspension arm bracket which is driven to lift by a first linear motor fixedly arranged on the base and operates under the guidance of the guide rail bracket; a chair frame body is suspended under the suspension arm bracket through a rotating shaft; and the lower part of the chair frame body is provided with a turnover seat plate. The wheelchair of the invention is developed completely according to human body biomechanic properties and ergonomic theories and scientifically designed through finite element simulation analysis, is novel in structure, stable in operation, safe and reliable, simple in operation, convenient in use, overall in function and wide in application rage, can effectively the quality of life of the handicapped persons and is a highly creative and humane multifunctional wheelchair for the handicapped persons.

The invention discloses a driven type lower limb motion force assisting exoskeleton device. A knee joint force assisting mechanism is included and comprises two knee joint force assisting assemblies,knee joint force assisting assembly thigh connecting discs and shank connecting discs. The thigh connecting discs are provided with first protrusions, and the shank connecting discs are provided withsecond protrusions. A plurality of torsional springs are further included and sleeve the first protrusions and (or) the second protrusions. First limiting protrusions and (or) second limiting protrusions are further included. One ends of the torsional springs serve as fixed ends to be fixed to the thigh connecting discs and (or) the shank connecting discs, the other ends serve as movable ends to abut against the first limiting protrusions and (or) the second limiting protrusions when the relative rotation angle of the thigh connecting discs and the shank connecting discs reaches the set value.By means of the driven type lower limb motion force assisting exoskeleton device, the purposes that assisted force is not provided during walking on the level road, and assisted force is only provided during mountain climbing, stair ascending and descending and other large-angle motions are achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of an intelligent sweeping machine, in particular to a mopping and sweeping integrated sweeping machine with a self-cleaning function and a sewage recoveryfunction. Th machine comprises an upper cover, a water pump, a printed circuit board, a display screen, a fan, a dust box, a front touch mechanism, a lower cover base, a battery, a UV lamp assembly,a middle sweep brush assembly, a universal wheel, a side brush, left and right wheel assemblies, a lifting gear box, a roller, a sewage recovery tank, a roller bracket, a roller gear box, a water purifying tank and a medium sweep gear box; the water pump, the fan, the dust box, the battery and the UV lamp assembly are mounted on the base of the lower cover, the universal wheel is installed in front of the lower cover base, the left and right wheel assemblies are respectively mounted on the left and right sides of the lower cover base of the sweeping machine, and the roller is mounted on the roller bracket. The machine solves granular waste, hair, dust and sewage generated by sweeping and mopping the ground at one time, recycles the garbage, the hair, the dust and the sewage into the relevant dust box and a sewage recycle tank, and improves the product practicality.

The invention discloses an automatic rolling ball grouping mechanism which comprises a base (1), a cam (2), a transmission rod (3), a vertical plate (4), a swing rod (5), a pushing block (6), a material barrel (8) and a rotary plate (9), wherein the cam (2) is rotatably connected on the base (1); a first motor for driving the cam (2) to rotate is arranged on the base (1); the middle part of the transmission rod (3) is rotatably connected on the base (1) through a first hinged point (10); one end of the transmission rod (3) abuts against the external contour of the cam (2); the other end of the transmission rod (3) is provided with a first arc-shaped rack (23); and a first tension spring (14), which is used for tensioning the transmission rod (3) to ensure that one end of the transmission rod (3) always abuts against the external contour of the cam (2), is arranged between the transmission rod (3) and the base (1). The invention provides the automatic rolling ball grouping mechanism, and the mechanism is accurate in checking rolling balls, and small in labor intensity of an operator.

The invention provides a dual-motor optical element axial adjustment device, relates to the technical field of deep ultraviolet projection photoetching objective lens structural design and adjustment, and aims to solve the problems that an existing optical element aligning device is provided with a large number of actuators and is complex in mechanism and high in processing difficulty. The dual-motor optical element axial adjustment device comprises four capacitive sensors, an optical frame, eight connection screws, a smooth driving block and two piezoelectric actuators. The four capacitive sensors are placed parallel to the upper surface of the optical frame, are evenly distributed along the upper edge of the optical frame, and correspond to the midpoints of all right-angle sides of the smooth driving block. The optical frame and the smooth driving block are fixed through the connection screws. The two piezoelectric actuators are arranged at the diagonal positions of the smooth driving block respectively. An optical element is arranged in the optical frame. By means of the dual-motor optical element axial adjustment device, rapid and precise adjustment is realized, and meanwhile, the problems of friction, lubrication and hysteresis of a mechanical hinge are avoided; the smooth driving block acts on the optical frame so that damage to the surface form of the optical element by adjustment force can be effectively lowered; the structure is simple, a small number of motors are needed, and processing cost is low.

The invention relates to a multi-axial warp knitting machine (1), comprising a yarn laying device (6) which is moved through a first driving device (22), a yarn storing device and a yarn depositing device (11) arranged between the yarn storing device and the yarn laying device (6), wherein, the yarn laying device is provided with at least one yarn layer on or inside a conveying device through which the yarn layer can be conveyed to a solidifying device. The invention provides multi-axial warp knitting machine with high productivity. Therefore, the yarn depositing device (11) is provided with a yarn storing section (26) whose length is changed through a second driving device (15), wherein, the second driving device (15) is connected with a control device (23) which controls the second driving device (15) according to the movement of the yarn laying device (6).

The invention provides a switch mechanism, a box structure and a refrigerator. The switch mechanism is arranged on the box body structure, the box body structure comprises a box body and a door body connected with the box body, the switch mechanism comprises a driving assembly and an energy storing assembly. The driving assembly comprises a driving device and an executing device which are connected, the executing device can move under driving of the driving device, one of the energy storing assembly and the driving assembly is arranged on the box body, and the other one of the energy storing assembly and the driving assembly is arranged on the door body, and the energy storing assembly comprises an elastic component, in the working process of the switch mechanism, and the driving device drives the executing device to move towards the elastic component and make a contact with the elastic component, so that the elastic component deforms until the door body is separated from the box body.According to the switch mechanism, total process automatic door opening can be realized, the door opening angle is increased, the door opening speed is increased, and the requirement of door openingspeed in the door opening process is met.

The invention discloses manger cleaning equipment for livestock breeding. The equipment comprises a manger rack structure, a horizontal movement mechanism and a washing mechanism, the horizontal movement mechanism is installed at the upper side of the manger rack structure, and the washing mechanism is erected at the lower side of the horizontal movement mechanism; the manger rack structure comprises a feeding manger, a drainage port, external extension plates, insertion grooves, a connection plate, connection grooves and insertion rods. The drainage port is formed in one side of the feeding manger, the two external extension plates are fixedly connected to the outer side of the feeding manger, and the insertion grooves are formed in the four corners of each external extension plate; the insertion rods are embedded in all the insertion grooves. According to the manger cleaning equipment for livestock breeding, the distribution structure of washing cylinders of the washing mechanism ismatched with the groove wall structure so that bristles can sufficiently act on the inner wall of the feeding manger, the bristles are made from silicone rubber pieces, have high elasticity and can sufficiently scrape feed residues of the manger wall, so that the feed residues are gathered at the bottom of the feeding manger, the cleaning effect is good, a motor drives a mounting rack to move in the front-back direction, and the feeding manger is conveniently and comprehensively cleaned.

The invention relates to a linear motor module for robot splicing. The linear motor module comprises a rotor assembly, a stator assembly, a brake and a controller, wherein the brake is connected to the rotor assembly, the rotor assembly sleeves the stator assembly, connection holes are formed in both of the rotor assembly and the stator assembly, the rotor assembly comprises a shell, a coil, a connector, a grating reading head, a first limit switch and a second limit switch, the stator assembly comprises a stator body, a permanent magnet and a grating, the brake comprises a wedge-shaped block,a braking spring, a piston, a braking block and an extrusion spring, and the grating reading head, the first limit switch, the second limit switch and the piston all are electrically connected with the controller.

The invention relates to the field of the technical cuttage for holboellia latifolia wall, and particularly to a cuttage for holboellia latifolia wall. The cuttage for holboellia latifolia wall comprises cutting and chamfering branches and tendrils of holboellia latifolia wall into segments, soaking chamfered cuts using a rooting powder solution, cutting in a seedbed, applying decomposed farmyard manure in the seedbed, spaying a nutrient solution in the later period and controlling humidity of soil. Because the branches and tendrils of holboellia latifolia wall are cut and chamfered into segments, cutting shoots can be prevented from being rubbed with the soil for a long time during a cutting process, and large area damages to cutting portions can be prevented. The survival rate of holboellia latifolia wall through cottage can be raised to 100%, and the disease resistance and the quality of holboellia latifolia wall seedlings are strong and excellent.

The invention relates to manufacture of large panels, strips, sectional bars and the like in ferrous metallurgy industry, in particular to a method for automatically detecting and controlling a segment roll gap by adopting a balancing oil cylinder, which is characterized by at least comprising a lower frame with a guide roll, an upper frame with a guide roll, a hold down roll device for driving a dummy bar and a casting blank, balancing oil cylinders used for roll gap detection and control, and a clamp oil cylinder for connecting the upper frame and the lower frame and keeping the roll gap, wherein the hold down roll device is fixed in the upper central position of the upper frame, and the balancing oil cylinders are evenly distributed between the upper frame and the lower frame, so that a plate blank continuous casting machine dynamically and lightly presses the solidified end of the casting blank in the production process of pouring steel, the quality defects of center segregation, rarefaction and the like of the casting blank can be effectively avoided, and the steel quality and the metal yield are improved.

The invention provides a high-quality fabric dyeing machine. A dye liquor spray probe, a swing arm and a swing frame are arranged in a dyeing machine body, a fabric hanging rod is arranged in the swing frame, a fabric inlet is arranged on one side of the dyeing machine body, a fabric outlet is arranged on one side of the dyeing machine body, a spray probe connecting piece is arranged at the top end of the dyeing machine body and connected with a liquor distribution tube, the other end of the liquor distribution tube is connected with a liquor distribution device, one side of the liquor distribution device is connected with a circulating pipeline, a main pump, a filter and a flow control valve are arranged on the circulating pipeline, the other end of the circulating pipeline is connected with a liquor storage tank connected with the dyeing machine body through a liquor leakage tube, a stirrer is mounted on one side of the liquor storage tank, a dye output tube is connected with the other side of the liquor storage tank, a delivery pump and a control valve are mounted on the dye output tube, and the other end is connected with a dye vat. Thus, friction between to-be-dyed fabric and metal is avoided and the service life of the fabric is prolonged.

The invention belongs to the technical field of transformer accessory manufacturing, and particularly relates to a transformer iron core automatic lamination device which comprises a horizontal bottom plate, a platform is fixedly installed above the bottom plate through supporting columns, a positioning mechanism and a bearing mechanism are installed above the bottom plate, and a stacking mechanism is installed on the bottom plate; in the process of stacking upper-layer silicon steel sheets on lower-layer silicon steel sheets, the silicon steel sheets do not make contact with vertical rods, and the situation that friction is generated between the edges of the silicon steel sheets and the vertical rods is avoided; in the process of mounting a clamping plate after the silicon steel sheets are stacked into an iron core, the limiting effect on a single wedge-shaped block is sequentially relieved, so that a lifting block and a bearing plate move downwards under the action of self gravity, the bearing plate is separated from the bottom surface of the silicon steel sheet on the lowest layer, and the effect of mounting the clamping plate under the condition that the silicon steel sheets are not lifted is achieved; and the condition that extrusion force and friction force are generated between the silicon steel sheets and the vertical rods is avoided.

The invention relates to a coiling base which is applicable to a transformer structure. The coiling base at least comprises a body and a plurality of connecting seats, wherein two opposite sides of the body are respectively provided with a side wall, and a coiling region is formed between the side walls and is used for winding a coiling structure; the connecting seats are respectively arranged ontwo opposite sides of the body and are connected with the side walls, and the bottoms of the connecting seats are provided with a plurality of wire sorting slots; and each side wall is provided with a concave slot which is communicated with the wire sorting slots, so that the start winding portions of the coiling structure are accommodated in the wire sorting slots and the concave slots to prevent the start winding portions from rubbing with the coiling structure subsequently wound in the coiling region. Through the coiling base, the friction between the start winding portions and the coilingstructure subsequently wound in the coiling region is prevented, and the fracture of the wire outgoing end of the coiling structure can be prevented. In addition, the efficacy of preventing tin solders welded on two adjacent connecting portions from being connected can be achieved.

The invention relates to a windscreen wiper with automatic adjustment of a wiping-arm pressing force. The windscreen wiper comprises a motor linking rod assembly (1), wiping arms (2) and wiping pieces (3), wherein two wiping arms (2) and two wiping pieces (3) are respectively arranged; the wiping pieces (3) are arranged on the corresponding wiping arms (2); the motor linking rod assembly (1) drives the wiping arms (2) to do reciprocating and circulating movement around an output shaft; each wiping arm (2) comprises a wiping rod head (21), a main tension spring (22), an extension arm (23) and a wiping rod (24). The windscreen wiper is characterized in that the extension arm (23) and the wiping rod (24) are in sliding connection, the wiping rod (24) is inserted into the extension arm (23) and an auxiliary compression spring (26) is arranged between the wiping rod (24) and the extension arm (23). The auxiliary compression spring (26) is sheathed on the wiping rod (24); one end of the auxiliary compression spring (26) is arranged on a boss structure of the wiping rod (24) in a supporting manner, and the other end of the auxiliary compression spring (26) is arranged on a groove shoulder of the inner wall of the extension arm (23) in a supporting manner. The windscreen wiper has the advantages that the basically-constant wiping-arm pressing force can be guaranteed.

Disclosed is an inner cable for a push-pull control cable and a method for manufacturing the inner cable. The inner cable of a push-pull control cable applied to various control system including a steering system and a method for manufacturing the inner cable can generally increase durability of a control cable and reliability of a steering system, and can be easily manufactured. The inner cable includes a core wire with a predetermined length, which is formed by twisting a plurality of wire strands; a coiled wire, which is assembled with one end of the core wire in such a manner that the coiled wire winds the outer circumferential surface of the core wire in a spiral shape; and synthetic resin coating formed at a remaining part of the core wire, except for a part assembled with the coiled wire.

The invention discloses a ball electric spindle. The ball electric spindle comprises a steel barrel and a rotor assembly, a cutter handle is arranged at the front end of the rotor assembly, a back cover is fixed to the back end of the steel barrel, a pull rod is arranged at the center of the rotor assembly, a sleeve is fixed to the back cover, and a piston assembly is arranged in the sleeve; a push rod assembly is arranged at the center of the piston assembly and is aligned with the pull rod, a first air inlet and a second air inlet are formed in the top of the sleeve, and the first air inlet is formed in the back side of the piston assembly; an air flue is formed in the sleeve and used for communicating the second air inlet and the front side of the piston assembly; when compressed air is injected into the first air inlet, the piston assembly is pushed by the compressed air, the push rod assembly is driven to apply push force to the pull rod, and the pull rod pushes out the cutter handle outwards; and when the compressed air is injected into the second air inlet, the piston assembly is pushed to move backwards, and the push rod assembly is driven to be separated from the pull rod. By means of the ball electric spindle, friction can be effectively prevented from being generated between the pull rod and the push rod, and the improvement of the product stability and the prolonging of the service life are facilitated.

The invention discloses a deformation compensation device for an injection molding machine or a die-casting machine. The deformation compensation device is positioned between a movable mold plate and a pushing mechanism and/or between a stationary mold plate and a rack, and comprises a first base plate, a second base plate and an elastic connecting piece, wherein the elastic connecting piece is arranged between the first base plate and the second base plate; the first base plate is fixedly connected with the stationary mold plate or the movable mold plate; the second base plate is correspondingly and fixedly connected with the rack or the pushing mechanism; the elastic connecting piece comprises an elastic piece and a pre-tightening device; the elastic piece is positioned between the first base plate and the second base plate; the pre-tightening device is used for connecting the elastic piece between the first base plate and the second base plate by using certain pre-tightening force. By the adoption of a pre-tightening deformation compensation mechanism, the flexible sealing fit between a movable mold and a stationary mold can be ensured; meanwhile, the effect of material ejection pressure can be overcome, the sealing performance of die assembly is ensured, and the deformation compensation device is convenient to assemble and maintain.

The invention relates to a method for controlling an actuating assembly for a clutch in the drive train of a motor vehicle, wherein the actuating assembly has a drive (46) for displacing an actuating element (45) in order to actuate a clutch unit (12), wherein the method comprises the following steps: sensing a position signal representing the position P of the actuating element (45); sensing a force signal representing the actuating force F for displacing the actuating element (45); controlling the drive (46) by means of an electronic control unit depending on the position signal and the force signal. The invention further relates to an actuating assembly for carrying out the method and also a drive assembly having an actuating assembly of this type.

The invention relates to a photo-sensitive material solidification layer forming method in 3D (three-dimensional) printing and a structure for implementing such method. The method includes disposing a photo-sensitive material in a horizontally rotatable container, and rotating the container when the photo-sensitive material forms a solidification layer under irradiation of a light source, wherein the container moves downwards while rotating so as to be separated from the solidification layer and then moves upwards to restore so as to achieve solidification of next solidification layer. The structure comprises a light source component, a liftable printout lifting plate and the round container mounted on a rotatable seat, and a specially designed orbital groove in the rotatable seat controls the round container to ascend and descend. The photo-sensitive material solidification layer forming method in 3D printing and the structure for implementing such method have the advantages that one-by-one forming of the solidification layers is achieved through ascending and descending of the container for holding the photo-sensitive material during rotating, so that shear force and frictional force generated by horizontal movement are avoided, and printout deformation, printout layer shedding and printed layer dislocation are reduced.

The invention provides a washing machine and a control method thereof. The washing machine comprises an inner barrel, an outer barrel and two magnets arranged in a manner of being matched with the outer barrel and the inner barrel, the inner barrel is suspended in the outer barrel through repulsive force between the magnets, and a detection part used for monitoring interval between the magnets is arranged between the same. Whether clothes in the inner barrel are too many or not is determined according to the interval of the magnets, and a detection method is simple and high in reliability.

A thumb protector comprising an upper layer attached to a lower layer at first distal ends with an attachment mechanism to connect second distal ends of the upper and lower layers is provided. The second distal ends of the layers form an aperture and have a circumference smaller than a thumb circumference to retain the thumb protector on the thumb. The lower layer is soft and elastic to disperse pressure applied to an external surface of the lower layer to thereby reduce pressure applied to the thumb to prevent soreness and callous formation while still imparting a natural sense of feel.

The invention discloses a bending machine for stainless steel pipe machining. The bending machine comprises a bending mechanism, a stainless steel pipe body and a supporting plate; the top of the supporting plate is fixedly connected with an operation box, the back surface of the operation box is fixedly connected with a transverse plate, a vertical plate is fixedly connected between one side of the top of the inner wall of the operation box and the same side of the bottom of the inner wall of the operation box, a partition plate is fixedly connected between the other side of the top of the inner wall of the operation box and the same side of the bottom of the inner wall of the operation box; one sides, opposite to each other, of the vertical plate and the partition plate are each rotationally connected with a threaded sleeve through a bearing, two sides between the back surface and the front surface of the inner wall of the operation box are each rotationally connected with a rotatingrod through a bearing; one side of the vertical plate is fixedly connected with a first motor through a connecting block, and the outer surface of an output shaft of the first motor is fixedly connected with a first belt wheel. The bending machine relates to the technical field of a stainless steel pipe production device. According to the bending machine for stainless steel pipe machining, two ends of the stainless steel pipe can be limited and fixed in the bending process, so that a steel pipe can be prevented from moving during bending work, and thus influence on subsequent work is avoided.

The invention provides an automatic bag folding and integrated packaging system, and belongs to the technical field of works. The automatic bag folding and integrated packaging system solves the problems that an existing bag folding and integrated packaging machine is low in working efficiency, and many workers are needed. The automatic bag folding and integrated packaging system comprises a rack and a bag folding trolley. The rack is provided with a horizontal roller conveying line, a falling control device with a supporting plate and used for controlling falling of bags and a high-speed conveying line connected with the roller conveying line in series and capable of conveying the bags to fall on the supporting plate. The bag folding trolley is located below the falling control device. According to the automatic bag folding and integrated packaging system, the roller conveying line can adjust the postures and intervals of the bags automatically, and workers in the corresponding processes are saved; the high-speed conveying line guarantees that the bags totally fall on the supporting plate, and the postures of the bags falling on the supporting plate are the same, and thus the corresponding adjusting personnel is saved; at the bag folding trolley, only one lifting worker is needed to arrange a hook ring for lifting the bags in a lifting hook of a lifting device in a sleeving mode, and the automatic bag folding and integrated packaging system has the advantage that the workers required by operation are less.

The invention relates to a self-cleaning horizontal grate, and belongs to the technical field of water supply/drainage equipment. The self-cleaning horizontal grate comprises a frame which is arranged inside a drainage pipeline, wherein a horizontal grate is distributed on the vertical surface of the frame; and automatic cleaning equipment, which is connected to the horizontal grate, is arranged on the back surface of the horizontal grate. The self-cleaning horizontal grate disclosed by the invention can be used for effectively interrupting floating matters and solid particulate matters in rainwater and sewage, and the self-cleaning horizontal grate, which is configured with automatic cleaning rake tooth, can be widely applied to urban drainage works; the self-cleaning horizontal grate is high in automation degree and good in separation effect; and even under an unmanned situation, continuous and stable work is guaranteed, and maintenance workload is low.

A brake lining for a railroad car has a frictional surface on a brake disc that is pressed by a brake caliper. Friction bodies are pressed against the frictional surface of the brake disc and a back plate is mounted to the caliper to support the friction bodies. Each of the friction bodies is formed with a friction material which contacts the brake disc frictional surface, and has a base plate attached on the back plate side of the friction material. The base plate has a protrusion formed on its back side. On the friction body side of the back plate there is formed a groove which contacts the protrusion formed on the base plate. A disc spring or a spherical-seated structure is disposed between the base plate of each friction body and the back plate. Friction bodies are prevented from rotating at their attached places, without adding new components.