Application method for dripping herbicide to summer corn in saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to an application method for dripping herbicide to corn in saline-alkali soil. The application method comprises the following steps: determining the age of weeds and the type of weeds; counting upwards from the blade base to determine the number N of unfolded blades; determining the pH value of the working land soil to obtain a saline-alkali soil correction factor Ka; determining the operation area S and the leaf expansion number N to obtain the herbicide dosage A, and diluting; and determining the flow parameter Pwp of the main pump to obtain the injection speed V1 of the diluted herbicide, injecting the diluted herbicide into the main pump according to the speed V1 until the herbicide diluent is completely injected, injecting water to enable the main pump to continue to operate, and completing the drip irrigation operation. According to the application method provided by the invention, weeding operation can be normally carried out from the elongation stage to the fourteen-leaf stage of the corn, the time range covered by the weeding operation is greatly prolonged, in addition, additional plant protection operation cost does not need to be paid, and the cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular relates to a method for applying a drip herbicide to corn in saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] At present, the main methods of applying herbicides in summer corn planting areas in my country are drone spraying and plant protection machine spraying. The spraying time is generally after seedlings and in the three-leaf to five-leaf stage. The herbicide is dissolved in the water storage tank of the fuselage and sprayed according to the specified concentration of the agent. Drone spraying of herbicides is flexible and can cover the corners of the field. The operation time is generally carried out at night; plant protection machines, such as boom sprayers, have a large weeding area at a time. Before the operation, the agent tank needs to be evenly dissolved, and the height of the boom should be adjusted according to the height of the corn plant before the herbicide is sprayed, and the travel speed should be set.

[0003] Although the drone spraying method is highly flexible, it has the disadvantages of small single operation area, long operation time, small water volume, and complicated operation process (repeated charging of onboard batteries, take-off and landing of drones, etc. are required); the plant protection vehicle has a high weeding operation rate and a large single coverage area, but its operation time must be before corn V5 (five-leaf stage). If the weed situation appears after the middle of jointing, the plant protection vehicle operation will cause problems such as root crushing and mechanical damage to corn stalks, and it is impossible to balance weeding and low plant damage rate. In addition, because the moisture absorption water of saline-alkali soil is stressed by salt-base ions, the water mobility is poor, and herbicides at conventional doses cannot function normally. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a method for drip-feeding herbicides on corn in saline-alkali land.

[0005] In the first aspect, a method for applying a drip herbicide to corn in saline-alkali land adopts the following technical scheme:

[0006] A method for applying a drip herbicide to corn in saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step (1): corn seedling condition survey: count from the base of the corn leaves upwards and count the number of unfolded leaves, recorded as N;

[0008] Step (2): preparing pesticides: calculating the required amount of herbicide according to the area of ​​the soil at the work site, the number of corn leaves and the pH of the soil at the work site, and diluting the herbicide, wherein:

[0009] Formula a: K a =0.1946 1-0.06×(pH-7.5) , pH∈[7.5,8.8]

[0010] Ka is the correction factor for saline-alkali soil. In the calculation process of formula a, both pH and the pH are dimensionless. After Ka is calculated, the unit is kg / mu;

[0011] Formula b:

[0012] A is the amount of herbicide used, in kg;

[0013] S is the area of ​​the working soil, in mu;

[0014] Step (3): Drip irrigation operation: Determine the main pump flow parameter P of drip irrigation wp , use formula c to get the injection speed V1 of the diluted herbicide, inject the diluted herbicide into the main pump at the speed V1 for drip irrigation,

[0015] Formula c:

[0016] V1 is the speed of herbicide injection into the main pump, in kg / min;

[0017] P wp The flow rate parameter of the main pump for drip irrigation, in m 3 / h.

[0018] Among them, 77.8 is the conversion constant of the agent response pump flow rate, the unit is: m 3 ·min / (kg·h), which represents the relationship between the injection rate of the agent and the flow rate of the main pump. In the practice of pesticide application, using minutes as the scale is in line with most actual situations. Therefore, for the convenience of use, min and h are not simplified, so that the value of the minute scale can be directly output (V I ), which is convenient for field use. The specific derivation process is as follows:

[0019]

[0020] Ka is the soil correction factor for saline-alkali land. In the calculation process of formula a, both pH and other factors are dimensionless. After Ka is calculated, the unit is kg / mu. In formula b, the two numbers 0.03425 and 0.0685 are both meaningful and have corresponding units (kg). No specific derivation is performed here.

[0021] The method of the invention can normally perform weeding operations from the jointing stage to the fourteen-leaf stage (V14) of corn, significantly prolonging the time range of weeding operations, avoiding the competition pressure of weeds during this period, and thus facilitating the growth and development of corn.

[0022] Currently, there is no drip application method and drip application device for herbicides. The method of the present invention utilizes the existing drip irrigation system to apply the herbicide without the need for additional machinery or manual operation, thus saving the cost of plant protection operations and thus reducing agricultural production costs.

[0023] By rationally calculating the amount of herbicide used and precisely controlling the application process, waste of herbicides can be avoided. At the same time, the use of a drip irrigation system can save water and thus achieve cost savings.

[0024] The method of the present invention takes into account the particularity of saline-alkali soil, and can ensure the effectiveness and safety of the herbicide under saline-alkali soil conditions by calculating the soil pH value and adjusting the herbicide dosage accordingly.

[0025] Preferably, the weeds have 2-6 leaves or a height of less than 30 cm; the weeds are annual broadleaf weeds. In order to achieve a better weed control effect, the herbicide is drip-applied when the above weed conditions are met.

[0026] Clearly limiting the weed age to 2-6 leaves or weeds less than 30cm in height helps ensure that herbicides target key weeds that are in their rapid growth and competitive stages, thereby improving weed control effectiveness.

[0027] The weed type is an annual broadleaf weed, which helps to select herbicides in a targeted manner and improve the control effect on specific weeds.

[0028] Controlling weeds in their early growth stages can prevent serious impacts of weeds on corn growth, and it is also helpful in reducing weed problems that are more difficult to control in the later stages.

[0029] By clarifying the growth stage and type of weeds, it helps to more accurately calculate the amount of herbicide used, reduce unnecessary waste, and improve the economy and environmental protection of application.

[0030] Preferably, the weed density is 10-20%.

[0031] Medium-density weed communities have relatively less competitive pressure on corn growth, which is conducive to the healthy growth of corn and can also effectively control the growth of weeds. Clarifying the weed density helps ensure that herbicides target medium-density weed communities, thereby avoiding over- or under-application of herbicides and improving weed control effects.

[0032] By limiting the weed density, it is helpful to dynamically manage weed growth and adjust the use of herbicides according to actual growth conditions to achieve the best weed control effect.

[0033] Preferably, the height of corn is 0.3-1.2 m.

[0034] Clearly limiting corn height to 0.3-1.2m will help ensure that corn is at an appropriate growth stage when herbicides are applied, thereby avoiding adverse effects on corn growth.

[0035] Applying herbicides at the appropriate growth stage of corn can reduce the potential damage of herbicides to corn and improve the safety of application.

[0036] Weeding when the corn height is 0.3-1.2m helps balance the competition between weeds and corn and promotes the healthy growth of corn.

[0037] By clearly defining the height of corn, it helps to determine the best time to apply the pesticide, thereby achieving the best weed control effect.

[0038] Preferably, the mass ratio of the herbicide to water is 1:20-30 for dilution.

[0039] Clearly limiting the mass ratio of herbicide to water to 1:20-30 for dilution will help ensure that the herbicide has an appropriate concentration when applied, thereby improving the weed control effect.

[0040] The fixed dilution ratio helps to accurately calculate the amount of herbicide used, avoid over- or under-application, and improve the economy and environmental friendliness of application.

[0041] The appropriate dilution ratio can reduce the potential impact of herbicides on the environment, while reducing damage to non-target plants and improving the safety of application.

[0042] The fixed dilution ratio simplifies the application process, reduces the number of operating steps, and helps improve the efficiency and accuracy of application.

[0043] Preferably, in step (3), a surfactant is added when the herbicide is diluted; the surfactant includes one or more of a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a benign ionic surfactant, and an ionic complex surfactant.

[0044] The addition of surfactants helps to improve the uniformity and stability of the herbicide dilution, ensuring that the herbicide has appropriate physical and chemical properties when applied.

[0045] Surfactants can enhance the permeability and distribution of herbicides in the soil, increase the contact area between herbicides and weeds, and thus improve the weed control effect.

[0046] Suitable surfactants can reduce the potential impact of herbicides on the environment, while reducing damage to non-target plants and improving the safety of application.

[0047] By adding surfactants, the application process can be optimized, the amount of herbicide used can be reduced, and the economy and environmental protection of the application can be improved.

[0048] Preferably, the surfactant includes polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, polyethylene glycol monostearate, polysorbate, quaternary ammonium salt, quaternary phosphonium salt, long-chain alkyl trimethylammonium salt, sulfate, phosphate, carboxylate, sulfobetaine, phosphate betaine, and amine oxide.

[0049] A variety of surfactants are explicitly listed, including nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants and ionic complex surfactants, providing more choices to suit different soil conditions and weed types.

[0050] Different types of surfactants may have different effects on the performance of herbicides. Providing a variety of choices helps find the surfactant that best suits a specific situation, thereby further improving the weed control effect.

[0051] A variety of surfactant options make the application method more flexible, and the type and proportion of surfactants can be adjusted according to actual conditions to adapt to different environmental conditions and weed types.

[0052] By selecting the most suitable surfactant, the potential impact of herbicides on the environment can be reduced, while at the same time reducing damage to non-target plants and improving the safety of application.

[0053] Preferably, the herbicide includes one or more of isopropylamine, atrazine, propanil, glyphosate, 2,4-D, dicamba, nicosulfuron, and metsulfuron-methyl.

[0054] A variety of herbicides are clearly listed, including isopropylamine, atrazine, propanil, glyphosate, 2,4-D, dicamba, nicosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, etc., providing more choices to adapt to different weed types and soil conditions.

[0055] Preferably, atrazine also includes nitrobenzene atrazine, benzophenone atrazine, cyanamide atrazine, nitrosulphane atrazine, sulfonamide atrazine and the like.

[0056] Different types of herbicides have different control effects on different weeds. Providing a variety of choices helps find the herbicide that best suits specific weeds and soil conditions, thereby improving the weed control effect.

[0057] A variety of herbicide options make the application method more flexible, and the type and proportion of herbicides can be adjusted according to actual conditions to adapt to different environmental conditions and weed types.

[0058] By selecting the most suitable herbicide, the potential impact of herbicides on the environment can be reduced, while reducing damage to non-target plants and improving the safety of application.

[0059] Rotating different types of herbicides can help delay the development of weed resistance to a single herbicide, thereby maintaining the weed control effect for a long time.

[0060] Preferably, after the herbicide drip irrigation is completed, water injection operation is performed, and the water injection time is 20-120 minutes.

[0061] Preferably, the pH of the saline-alkali land is 7.0-9.0.

[0062] Specific soil pH limits of 7.0-9.0 help ensure that application methods are appropriate for saline soil conditions, which typically have higher pH values.

[0063] By considering soil pH, the type and amount of herbicide can be adjusted to suit the special properties of saline-alkali soils, thereby improving the weed control effect.

[0064] Applying appropriate herbicides under saline-alkali soil conditions can help reduce potential damage to the soil environment and protect the soil ecological balance.

[0065] By considering soil pH, we can avoid excessive or inappropriate use of herbicides, reduce resource waste, and improve the economy and environmental protection of application.

[0066] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0067] The invention provides a method for applying a drip herbicide to corn in saline-alkali land, which can perform weeding operations normally from the jointing stage to the fourteen-leaf stage of corn, greatly extending the time range covered by the weeding operations, and can achieve a good weeding effect by using it once in each planting season. In addition, no additional plant protection operation fees need to be paid, thus saving costs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] The following is a further specific description of the application method of a drip-application herbicide for corn in saline-alkali land described in the present invention in conjunction with the examples. For the sake of simplicity of description, this document cannot enumerate all the alternative technical features and implementation schemes contained in the present invention. Therefore, those skilled in the art should know that any technical features and implementation schemes in this embodiment do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention, and the scope of protection includes any alternative technical features and implementation schemes adopted by all those skilled in the art without creative labor. Specifically, the implementation schemes obtained by replacing any technical feature in the present invention or combining any two or more technical features provided by the present invention should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0069] If no specific techniques and conditions are specified in the examples, the procedures are carried out according to the techniques and conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product instructions. If no manufacturer is specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0070] This embodiment provides a method for drip-feeding herbicides on corn in saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps:

[0071] Step (1), corn seedling condition survey: count from the base of the leaf upward to determine the number of unfolded leaves N;

[0072] Step (2), preparing pesticides: determine the soil pH value of the operation site, and use formula a to obtain the saline-alkali soil correction factor Ka; determine the operation area S and the leaf expansion number N, and use formula b to obtain the herbicide dosage A, and dilute;

[0073] Formula a: K a =0.1946 1-0.06×(pH-7.5) , pH∈[7.5,8.8]

[0074] Formula b:

[0075] Step (3), drip irrigation operation: determine the main pump flow parameter P wp Use formula c to get the injection speed V1 of the diluted herbicide, and inject the diluted herbicide into the main pump at the speed V1 until the injection of the diluted herbicide is completed.

[0076] Formula c:

[0077] Among them, P wp Main pump flow parameter m 3 / h, which is the performance parameter of the drip irrigation main pump.

[0078] In some embodiments, the weed age is 2-6 leaves or the height is <30 cm; the weed type is an annual broadleaf weed.

[0079] In some embodiments, the weed density is 10-20%.

[0080] In some embodiments, the corn is 0.3-1.2 m tall.

[0081] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the herbicide to water is 1:20-30 for dilution. Preferably, the dilution ratio of the herbicide to water is selected from 1:20, 1:21, 1:22, 1:23, 1:24, 1:25, 1:26, 1:27, 1:28, 1:29 or 1:30.

[0082] In some embodiments, a surfactant is added when the herbicide is diluted; the surfactant includes one or more of a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a benign ionic surfactant, and an ionic complex surfactant.

[0083] In some embodiments, the surfactant includes polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, polyethylene glycol monostearate, polysorbate, quaternary ammonium salt, quaternary phosphonium salt, long chain alkyl trimethyl ammonium salt, sulfate, phosphate, carboxylate, sulfobetaine, phosphate betaine, and amine oxide.

[0084] In some embodiments, in step (3), the herbicide comprises one or more of isopropylamine, atrazine, propanil, glyphosate, 2,4-D, dicamba, nicosulfuron, and metsulfuron-methyl.

[0085] In some embodiments, the pH of the saline soil is 7.0-9.0.

[0086] Example 1 Drip irrigation weeding test

[0087] Test location: Huanghuagou Farm, Fuhai County, Altay. Test soil average pH = 8.3 (five-point sampling method).

[0088] Weed types controlled: annual broad-leaved grass weeds.

[0089] Experimental area: 26.63 acres.

[0090] Herbicide name: Atrazine. Pesticide registration number: PD20141767.

[0091] The execution time is 15:00-22:00 on the same day.

[0092] Test content: When the corn leaf age reaches V8, i.e. the 8-leaf stage, herbicide drip irrigation is carried out, and the grass age is between 2-6 leaves.

[0093] Formula a: K a =0.1946 1-0.06×(pH-7.5) , pH = 8.3;

[0094] Herbicide dosage A = S × Ka - 0.0685,

[0095] The herbicide dosage A calculated by the above formula is 5 kg (the value accurate to an integer).

[0096] Drip irrigation operation: The herbicide is turned on for drip irrigation for 6 hours. The pump power is 37KW, model: YE2-225S-4. The parameters of the main pump include: main pump flow parameter P wp 223m 3 / h, head: 23 meters, rated speed: 1480r / min.

[0097] Dissolve 5 kg of herbicide in 120 kg of water and stir evenly. According to formula V I =P wp / 77.8, inject the diluted herbicide into the drip irrigation system, and flush with water for 1 hour after the herbicide injection is completed.

[0098] Weed mortality rate: Before drip application of herbicides, weeds in the drip irrigation plots were marked with a number N of 40 using signs; after drip irrigation, the number of dead weeds was counted. Weed mortality rate = number of dead weeds after operation / N.

[0099] SPAD value: SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter was used to randomly sample 40 corn leaves (the second leaf from the top) in the drip irrigation plot and the average value was calculated.

[0100] The average weed mortality rate in the test area was 95%, and there was no phytotoxicity on summer corn leaves, with the leaf spad values ​​all above 52. Therefore, the use of drip herbicides on saline-alkali land can effectively remove weeds and maintain the normal growth of corn.

[0101] Example 2 Experiment on the effect of different dilution ratios of herbicides on weed control in saline-alkali corn fields

[0102] Purpose of the experiment: To explore the effects of different concentrations of herbicides on weed control in saline-alkali corn fields and to determine the optimal herbicide concentration.

[0103] Test Materials:

[0104] A corn field in saline-alkali land (pH value 8.1) with an area of ​​about 1 mu.

[0105] Select herbicide: atrazine, pesticide registration number: PD20141767.

[0106] Test method:

[0107] a. Divide the corn field into 6 plots, each with an area of ​​0.2 mu.

[0108] b. Set 6 different dilution multiples of herbicide, namely 4 times, 8 times, 12 times, 16 times, 20 times and 24 times. The model of drip irrigation main pump is YE2-200L1-4, and the main pump flow parameter P wp 200m 3 / h.

[0109] c. When the number of unfolded leaves N of corn is 7, under the same conditions, herbicides with different dilution multiples are applied to each plot through the drip irrigation system, and other drip application methods are the same.

[0110] d. After application, observe and record the weed control effect in each plot, including weed mortality, growth inhibition rate and corn growth status.

[0111] e. Repeat each plot 3 times and take the average value.

[0112] The weed control effect of each plot was statistically analyzed to compare the weed control effect at different dilutions. The variance analysis and multiple comparison method were used to determine the significant differences between different concentrations.

[0113] Table 1 Comparison of the effects of herbicides at different dilution ratios

[0114] Community 1 Community 2 Community 3 Community 4 Community 5 Community 6 Weed mortality 74.2％a 28.3％b 13.3％c 2.5％d 0％e 0％e Within-group variance 0.02％ 0.02％ 0.02％ 0.06％ 0％ 0％

[0115] By comparing the weed control effects at different dilution ratios, it was determined that the best dilution ratio of the herbicide is 24 times, which provides a basis for practical application.

[0116] Example 3 Experiment on the effect of herbicide injection flow rate on herbicide distribution uniformity in saline-alkali corn fields

[0117] Experimental purpose: To explore the effect of different drip irrigation flow rates on the uniformity of herbicide distribution in corn fields in saline-alkali land, and to determine the optimal drip irrigation flow rate.

[0118] Test Materials:

[0119] A saline-alkali corn field (pH 8.5) with an area of ​​about 1 mu.

[0120] Select herbicide: atrazine, pesticide registration number: PD20141767.

[0121] Test method:

[0122] a. Divide the corn field into 4 plots, each with an area of ​​0.25 mu.

[0123] b. Set 4 different herbicide injection flow rates, namely 0.5 kg / min, 1 kg / min, 2 kg / min and the value V1 = 2.87 kg / min calculated by formula c.

[0124] c. When the number of unfolded leaves N of corn is 6, under the same conditions, the herbicide is applied to each plot through the drip irrigation system with different flow rates. Drip irrigation main pump model: YE2-225M-4, main pump flow parameter P wp 200m 3 / h.

[0125] d. After application, collect soil samples, analyze the herbicide content at different depths and locations, and evaluate the uniformity of distribution.

[0126] e. Repeat each plot 3 times and take the average value.

[0127] Data processing and analysis:

[0128] The uniformity of herbicide distribution in each plot was statistically analyzed to compare the uniformity of distribution at different flow rates. Analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were used to determine significant differences between different flow rates.

[0129] Table 2 Comparison of weed control effects at different herbicide injection rates

[0130] Community 1 Community 2 Community 3 Community 4 Weed mortality 0.0％a 10％b 55.8％c 95.8％d Within-group variance 0％ 0.06％ 0.27％ 0.08％

[0131] Results: By comparing the uniformity of herbicide distribution under different drip irrigation flow rates, the flow rate calculated by formula c is the best compared with the fixed drip irrigation flow rate, which provides a basis for practical application.

[0132] For ordinary technicians in the relevant field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here, and the obvious changes or modifications derived from them are still within the scope of protection of the claims of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for applying a drip herbicide to corn in saline-alkali soil, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step (1): corn seedling condition survey: count from the base of the corn leaves upwards and count the number of unfolded leaves, recorded as N; Step (2): preparing pesticides: calculating the required amount of herbicide according to the area of ​​the soil at the work site, the number of corn leaves and the pH of the soil at the work site, and diluting the herbicide, wherein: Formula a: K a =0.1946 1-0.06×(pH-7.5) , pH∈[7.5,8.8]; Ka is the soil correction factor for saline-alkali land; pH is the pH of the soil at the work site; Formula b: A is the amount of herbicide used, in kg; S is the area of ​​the working soil, in mu; Step (3): Drip irrigation operation: Determine the main pump flow parameter P of drip irrigation wp , use formula c to get the injection speed V1 of the diluted herbicide, inject the diluted herbicide into the main pump at the speed V1 for drip irrigation, Formula c: P wp ∈[50,300]; where V1 is the speed of herbicide injection into the main pump, in kg / min; P wp The flow rate parameter of the main pump for drip irrigation, in m 3 / h.

2. The method for applying a drip herbicide to corn in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the operation field, the weeds have 2-6 leaves or are less than 30 cm in height, and / or the weeds are annual broadleaf weeds.

3. The method for applying a drip herbicide to corn in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The density of weeds is 10-20%.

4. The method for applying a drip herbicide to corn in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of corn is 0.3-1.2m.

5. The method for applying a drip herbicide to corn in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the mass ratio of the herbicide to water is 1:20-30 for dilution.

6. The method for applying a drip herbicide to corn in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), a surfactant is added when the herbicide is diluted; the surfactant includes one or more of a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a benign ionic surfactant, and an ionic complex surfactant.

7. The method for applying a drip herbicide to corn in saline-alkali land according to claim 6, characterized in that: The surfactant includes polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, polyethylene glycol monostearate, polysorbate, quaternary ammonium salt, quaternary phosphonium salt, long-chain alkyl trimethylammonium salt, sulfate, phosphate, carboxylate, sulfobetaine, phosphate betaine, and amine oxide.

8. The method for applying a drip herbicide to corn in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the herbicide includes one or more of isopropylamine, atrazine, propanil, glyphosate, 2,4-D, dicamba, nicosulfuron, and metsulfuron-methyl.

9. The method for applying a drip herbicide to corn in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH of the saline-alkali land is 7.0-9.

0.

10. The method for applying a drip herbicide to corn in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the herbicide drip irrigation is completed, water injection operation is carried out, and the injection time is 20-120 minutes.

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