An intelligent control system and method for agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of intelligent irrigation, and specifically to an intelligent control system and method for agricultural irrigation modes based on climate environment, comprising: a channel irrigation module, a sensing penetration module, a soil testing module, a crop modeling module and an irrigation regulation module. The channel irrigation module is used to set up open irrigation channels, closed culverts and water supply pipes. The sensing penetration module is used to obtain water levels and calculate soil penetration intensity. The soil testing module is used to select a test area and test soil moisture content. The crop modeling module is used to model farmland and calculate crop water demand intensity. The irrigation regulation module is used to regulate irrigation flow. The present invention can simplify the irrigation process, effectively improve water resource utilization, reduce production costs, improve the automation level of farmland irrigation, realize automatic monitoring of soil moisture, optimize farmland irrigation strategies, and promote the conservation of agricultural irrigation resources and the protection of the farmland environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of intelligent irrigation, and in particular to a climate-environment-based intelligent control system and method for agricultural irrigation modes. Background Art

[0002] Irrigation systems commonly use canal irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and drip irrigation, but environmental factors limit the precise control of irrigation water volume. Intelligent irrigation systems utilize modern information technology and automated equipment to optimize the irrigation process. By leveraging sensors, the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence, they monitor soil moisture, weather conditions, crop growth, and other data in real time, automatically adjusting the irrigation system to ensure crops receive the appropriate amount of water.

[0003] Because farmland is distributed over a wide area, the climate, topography, and groundwater environment of farmland vary from place to place, resulting in different sensitivities to changes in soil moisture content. This makes it difficult to use a unified algorithm to regulate water resources. This is especially true when different crops are intercropped in farmland. The water requirements of each crop differ, and a large number of monitoring equipment is required to obtain the information needed for irrigation regulation, increasing the regulation cost of the intelligent irrigation system.

[0004] In addition, the selection of irrigation methods is also one of the difficulties faced by intelligent irrigation. Channel irrigation has a large amount of water but severe evaporation. Sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation are easily affected by external factors, and it is difficult to regulate the amount of water when precipitation occurs. Currently, a combination of multiple irrigation methods is often used for irrigation, but it is difficult to coordinate with each other, resulting in unsatisfactory irrigation results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent control system and method for agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an intelligent control system for agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment, comprising: a channel irrigation module, a sensing and penetration module, a soil testing module, a crop modeling module and an irrigation regulation module;

[0007] The channel irrigation module is used to set up an open irrigation channel in the farmland, and set up a closed culvert at a uniform depth at the bottom of the open channel. The depth of the closed culvert is lower than the planting depth of the crop. Homogeneous soil is filled between the open channel and the culvert. The bottom of the culvert is connected to a water pipe that runs through the farmland to supply water to the crops in the form of drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation.

[0008] The sensing infiltration module is used to set water level sensors in the open channel and the culvert. When irrigation begins, irrigation water is added to the open channel until the water volume in the open channel reaches a preset value. Water supply is stopped and the soil infiltration intensity is calculated based on the infiltration height, filling flow rate and infiltration time. The water pipe is pressurized according to the soil infiltration intensity to enter the irrigation preparation program.

[0009] The soil testing module is used to select a farmland area adjacent to an open channel as a test area. The test area is sealed with impermeable materials except for the upper surface and the side of the adjacent open channel. Water is pumped into the test area through a pipe connected to the culvert until the open channel water level reaches a preset value. The current moisture content of the soil in the farmland is calculated based on the flow rate of the pumped water and the seepage flow rate of the open channel. The total irrigation water consumption is calculated based on the area, topography and soil moisture content of the farmland.

[0010] The crop modeling module is used to obtain farmland environmental data through environmental sensors or data provided by meteorological departments, input soil data, environmental monitoring data and crop monitoring data into a computer, use a model building tool to model the farmland, calculate the water demand intensity of the crops through the model, and automatically adjust the water pipe flow according to the water demand intensity to supply water to the crops;

[0011] The irrigation regulation module is used to calculate the actual precipitation based on the open channel water level, the culvert water level and the channel opening when precipitation occurs, apply the actual precipitation to the farmland, update the soil moisture content and reconstruct the farmland model, adjust the irrigation flow to the crops, and issue a water level warning signal when the irrigation flow drops to a preset value.

[0012] Furthermore, the channel irrigation module includes: an open channel irrigation unit, a hidden channel irrigation unit and a pipeline irrigation unit;

[0013] The open channel irrigation unit is arranged on the surface of the farmland soil layer to receive rainwater and irrigation water and provide farmland drainage function;

[0014] The underground channel irrigation unit is arranged in a vertical direction at the bottom of the open channel and is made of impermeable material except for the upper surface, and is used to undertake the functions of water storage and soil measurement;

[0015] The pipeline irrigation unit is connected to the underground channel and has a pressurizing function, and is used to transfer the water stored in the underground channel to various parts of the farmland to irrigate crops.

[0016] Furthermore, the sensing penetration module includes: a sensor unit and a penetration calculation unit;

[0017] The sensor unit is used to detect the water level in the canal, the temperature, humidity and meteorological data in the environment, and transmit the data to the computer;

[0018] The permeability calculation unit is used to calculate the average permeability of the soil according to the water flow permeability state between the open channel and the culvert.

[0019] Furthermore, the soil testing module includes: a soil testing unit and a water content testing unit;

[0020] The test earthwork unit is used to select a test area at a random location in the farmland and construct a single-sided permeable test earthwork using the soil in the test area;

[0021] The moisture content testing unit is used to inject water into the test soil and calculate the initial moisture content of the soil according to the water injection volume and seepage volume.

[0022] Furthermore, the crop modeling module includes: an electronic control unit, an environmental monitoring unit and a water quantity calculation unit;

[0023] The electronic control unit is used to build a computer processing platform, receive sensor data from various sensors, and provide modeling and calculation tools;

[0024] The environmental monitoring unit is used to model the area where each crop is located based on the acquired soil data and environmental data;

[0025] The water quantity calculation unit is used to calculate the actual water demand intensity of the crops through the test data of the crop types and the established farmland model.

[0026] Furthermore, the irrigation regulation module includes: a water pressure adjustment unit and a precipitation update unit;

[0027] The water pressure regulating unit is used to adjust the water pressure inside the pipe according to the water demand intensity of the crops, so that the irrigation flow rate is equal to the simulated value of the water demand flow rate;

[0028] The precipitation update unit is used to calculate the actual precipitation during the precipitation process, adjust the irrigation flow according to the precipitation, and issue an early warning when the irrigation flow drops to a preset value.

[0029] A method for intelligently regulating agricultural irrigation patterns based on climate environment comprises the following steps:

[0030] Step S1. A culvert is set at a fixed depth at the bottom of an open irrigation channel in a farmland. The culvert is constructed of impermeable material except for its upper surface. Water level sensors are installed in both the open and culvert. A water pipe is connected to the bottom of the culvert and runs through the farmland to supply water to the crops via drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation.

[0031] Step S2. Fill the open channel with irrigation water until the water level in the open channel reaches a preset value. Stop the water supply and wait until all the water in the open channel has seeped into the culvert. Then, calculate the soil permeability based on the seepage height, filling flow rate, and seepage duration, using the infiltration principle.

[0032] Step S3. Select a test area in a plot of farmland adjacent to an open channel. Enclose all surfaces of the test area except the top surface and the side surfaces adjacent to the open channel with impermeable material. Pump water into the test area through a pipe connected to the culvert until the flow rate into the open channel reaches a preset value. Calculate the initial soil moisture content within the test area based on the water infusion rate and the seepage rate.

[0033] Step S4. Obtaining farmland environmental data using environmental sensors or data provided by meteorological authorities, modeling the farmland based on soil data, environmental data, and crop data to obtain a farmland irrigation model. Using the farmland irrigation model, the water demand intensity of each crop in the farmland is calculated, and the irrigation flow rate to each crop is automatically adjusted according to the water demand intensity.

[0034] Step S5. When precipitation occurs, the actual precipitation is calculated based on the soil infiltration intensity and the rising speed of the water level in the open channel and the culvert. The farmland irrigation model is reconstructed according to the precipitation and the irrigation flow is adjusted. An early warning is issued when the irrigation flow drops to a preset value.

[0035] Furthermore, step S1 includes:

[0036] Step S11. A culvert is constructed in the underground space vertically above the bottom of the open channel. The vertical connecting wall between the open channel and the culvert is made of impermeable or one-way permeable material. The depth of the culvert must be lower than the planting depth of the crops. Homogeneous soil is filled between the open channel and the culvert to allow water from the open channel to infiltrate into the culvert. The average pore size of the homogeneous soil is consistent with that of soil in farmland.

[0037] Step S12. Water level sensors are installed in the open channel and the culvert, and the sensor signals are connected to the main control computer. A water supply pipe with a pressurization function is installed at the bottom of the culvert. The water supply pipe runs through the farmland and is connected to the irrigation nozzles under each crop to supply water to the crops in the form of drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. The pressure of the water supply pipe is controlled by the main control computer to adjust the irrigation flow of each nozzle.

[0038] Furthermore, step S2 includes:

[0039] Step S21. When irrigation begins, continuously fill the open channel with irrigation water until the water level in the open channel reaches a preset value. Wait for all the water in the open channel to seep into the culvert, and record the total irrigation water filling flow rate and seepage duration.

[0040] Step S22: Calculate the soil penetration strength based on the penetration principle according to the penetration height, filling flow rate and penetration time.

[0041] Furthermore, step S3 includes:

[0042] Step S31. Select a test area within a farmland plot adjacent to an open channel. Use the soil within the test area to construct a single-sided permeable test earthwork. Ensure that all surfaces except the top surface and the side surface adjacent to the open channel are sealed with impermeable material. A water pipe adjacent to the culvert is inserted through the bottom surface of the test earthwork and into the soil within the test earthwork.

[0043] Step S32: Supply water to the test soil through the water pipe, causing the test soil to seep into the open channel until the water level in the open channel reaches a preset value. Then, close the water pipe valve and record the water flow rate of the water pipe at this time.

[0044] Step S33. Calculate the initial soil moisture content in the test area based on the water injection volume and the seepage volume. The calculation method is: L0 = (Q0-Q1) / V, where L0 represents the initial soil moisture content, Q0 represents the water injection volume, Q1 represents the seepage volume, and V represents the volume of the test soil. Q1 = ∮ (0,D) SR·D,∮ (0,D) SR represents the surface integral of the horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the open channel in the vertical direction, with the integration limit being (0, D), where D is the preset height of the water level in the open channel.

[0045] Furthermore, step S4 includes:

[0046] Step S41: Build a computer processing platform to receive environmental data from environmental sensors installed in the farmland or provided by the meteorological department, conduct water demand testing on crops planted in the farmland, obtain the irrigation requirements of crops per unit area, and evaluate the growth indicators of each crop;

[0047] Step S42: Model the farmland based on the soil data, environmental data, and crop data to obtain a farmland irrigation model and calculate the water demand intensity of each crop in the farmland;

[0048] Step S43: Adjust the irrigation flow rate of the land where the crops are located according to the water demand intensity of the crops, so that the irrigation flow rate QR=N·a, where N is the water demand intensity of the crops and a is a preset amplification factor.

[0049] Furthermore, step S5 includes:

[0050] Step S51. When precipitation occurs, the water level sensor in the open channel detects the water level change, activating the water level sensor in the culvert. The sensor then measures the time it takes for water in the open channel to seep into the culvert. The fill flow rate in the open channel is calculated based on the open channel water level, soil permeability, and seepage time. The fill flow rate is then divided by the precipitation time to obtain the actual precipitation amount.

[0051] Step S52: Integrate the precipitation factor into the farmland irrigation model, adjust the irrigation flow rate of each crop, and issue an early warning when the irrigation flow rate drops to a preset value.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0053] The present invention can set up a closed culvert at a uniform height at the bottom of the open channel, connect a water pipe at the bottom of the culvert, and the water pipe runs through the farmland to supply water to the crops in the form of drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. When irrigation begins, it is only necessary to fill the open channel with irrigation water, which simplifies the irrigation process, effectively improves the utilization rate of water resources, reduces production costs, and improves the level of automation of farmland irrigation.

[0054] The present invention can calculate soil permeability based on the water storage rate and relative height of open and culverts, select a farmland area adjacent to the open channel as a test area, conduct a permeability test into the test area through the culvert pipeline, and calculate the farmland soil moisture content based on the open channel water level changes. When precipitation occurs, the precipitation amount is calculated based on the open channel water level parameters and the soil moisture content is updated, thus realizing automatic monitoring of soil moisture, avoiding soil water shortage and over-irrigation, and optimizing farmland irrigation strategies.

[0055] The present invention can model farmland according to soil data, environmental monitoring data and crop monitoring data, calculate the water demand intensity of crops, supply water to crops according to the water demand intensity, dynamically adjust the irrigation amount, and reduce unnecessary water resource consumption, thereby effectively improving agricultural production efficiency, promoting the conservation of agricultural irrigation resources and the protection of the farmland environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0057] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an intelligent control system for agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the steps of a method for intelligently controlling agricultural irrigation modes based on climate environment according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] See also Figure 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: an intelligent control system for agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment, including: a channel irrigation module, a sensing infiltration module, a soil testing module, a crop modeling module and an irrigation regulation module;

[0061] The channel irrigation module is used to set up an open irrigation channel in the farmland, and set up a closed culvert at a uniform depth at the bottom of the open channel. The depth of the closed culvert is lower than the planting depth of the crop. Homogeneous soil is filled between the open channel and the culvert. The bottom of the culvert is connected to a water pipe that runs through the farmland to supply water to the crops in the form of drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation.

[0062] The channel irrigation module includes: an open channel irrigation unit, a hidden channel irrigation unit and a pipeline irrigation unit;

[0063] The open channel irrigation unit is arranged on the surface of the farmland soil layer to receive rainwater and irrigation water and provide farmland drainage function;

[0064] The underground channel irrigation unit is arranged in a vertical direction at the bottom of the open channel and is made of impermeable material except for the upper surface, and is used to undertake the functions of water storage and soil measurement;

[0065] The pipeline irrigation unit is connected to the underground channel and has a pressurizing function, and is used to transfer the water stored in the underground channel to various parts of the farmland to irrigate crops.

[0066] The sensing infiltration module is used to set water level sensors in the open channel and the culvert. When irrigation begins, irrigation water is added to the open channel until the water volume in the open channel reaches a preset value. Water supply is stopped and the soil infiltration intensity is calculated based on the infiltration height, filling flow rate and infiltration time. The water pipe is pressurized according to the soil infiltration intensity to enter the irrigation preparation program.

[0067] The sensing penetration module includes: a sensor unit and a penetration calculation unit;

[0068] The sensor unit is used to detect the water level in the canal, the temperature, humidity and meteorological data in the environment, and transmit the data to the computer;

[0069] The permeability calculation unit is used to calculate the average permeability of the soil according to the water flow permeability state between the open channel and the culvert.

[0070] The soil testing module is used to select a farmland area adjacent to an open channel as a test area. The test area is sealed with impermeable materials except for the upper surface and the side of the adjacent open channel. Water is pumped into the test area through a pipe connected to the culvert until the open channel water level reaches a preset value. The current moisture content of the soil in the farmland is calculated based on the flow rate of the pumped water and the seepage flow rate of the open channel. The total irrigation water consumption is calculated based on the area, topography and soil moisture content of the farmland.

[0071] The soil testing module includes: a soil testing unit and a water content testing unit;

[0072] The test earthwork unit is used to select a test area at a random location in the farmland and construct a single-sided permeable test earthwork using the soil in the test area;

[0073] The moisture content testing unit is used to inject water into the test soil and calculate the initial moisture content of the soil according to the water injection volume and seepage volume.

[0074] The crop modeling module is used to obtain farmland environmental data through environmental sensors or data provided by meteorological departments, input soil data, environmental monitoring data and crop monitoring data into a computer, use a model building tool to model the farmland, calculate the water demand intensity of the crops through the model, and automatically adjust the water pipe flow according to the water demand intensity to supply water to the crops;

[0075] The crop modeling module includes: an electronic control unit, an environmental monitoring unit and a water quantity calculation unit;

[0076] The electronic control unit is used to build a computer processing platform, receive sensor data from various sensors, and provide modeling and calculation tools;

[0077] The environmental monitoring unit is used to model the area where each crop is located based on the acquired soil data and environmental data;

[0078] The water quantity calculation unit is used to calculate the actual water demand intensity of the crops through the test data of the crop types and the established farmland model.

[0079] The irrigation regulation module is used to calculate the actual precipitation based on the open channel water level, the culvert water level and the channel opening when precipitation occurs, apply the actual precipitation to the farmland, update the soil moisture content and reconstruct the farmland model, adjust the irrigation flow to the crops, and issue a water level warning signal when the irrigation flow drops to a preset value.

[0080] The irrigation regulation module includes: a water pressure adjustment unit and a precipitation update unit;

[0081] The water pressure regulating unit is used to adjust the water pressure inside the pipe according to the water demand intensity of the crops, so that the irrigation flow rate is equal to the simulated value of the water demand flow rate;

[0082] The precipitation update unit is used to calculate the actual precipitation during the precipitation process, adjust the irrigation flow according to the precipitation, and issue an early warning when the irrigation flow drops to a preset value.

[0083] like Figure 2 As shown, a method for intelligently controlling agricultural irrigation patterns based on climate environment includes the following steps:

[0084] Step S1. A culvert is set at a fixed depth at the bottom of an open irrigation channel in a farmland. The culvert is constructed of impermeable material except for its upper surface. Water level sensors are installed in both the open and culvert. A water pipe is connected to the bottom of the culvert and runs through the farmland to supply water to the crops via drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation.

[0085] Step S1 includes:

[0086] Step S11. A culvert is constructed in the underground space vertically above the bottom of the open channel. The vertical connecting wall between the open channel and the culvert is made of impermeable or one-way permeable material. The depth of the culvert must be lower than the planting depth of the crops. Homogeneous soil is filled between the open channel and the culvert to allow water from the open channel to infiltrate into the culvert. The average pore size of the homogeneous soil is consistent with that of soil in farmland.

[0087] Step S12. Water level sensors are installed in the open channel and the culvert, and the sensor signals are connected to the main control computer. A water supply pipe with a pressurization function is installed at the bottom of the culvert. The water supply pipe runs through the farmland and is connected to the irrigation nozzles under each crop to supply water to the crops in the form of drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. The pressure of the water supply pipe is controlled by the main control computer to adjust the irrigation flow of each nozzle.

[0088] Step S2. Fill the open channel with irrigation water until the water level in the open channel reaches a preset value. Stop the water supply and wait until all the water in the open channel has seeped into the culvert. Then, calculate the soil permeability based on the seepage height, filling flow rate, and seepage duration, using the infiltration principle.

[0089] Step S2 includes:

[0090] Step S21. When irrigation begins, continuously fill the open channel with irrigation water until the water level in the open channel reaches a preset value. Wait for all the water in the open channel to seep into the culvert, and record the total irrigation water filling flow rate and seepage duration.

[0091] Step S22: Calculate the soil penetration strength based on the penetration principle according to the penetration height, filling flow rate and penetration time.

[0092] Step S3. Select a test area in a plot of farmland adjacent to an open channel. Enclose all surfaces of the test area except the top surface and the side surfaces adjacent to the open channel with impermeable material. Pump water into the test area through a pipe connected to the culvert until the flow rate into the open channel reaches a preset value. Calculate the initial soil moisture content within the test area based on the water infusion rate and the seepage rate.

[0093] Step S3 includes:

[0094] Step S31. Select a test area within a farmland plot adjacent to an open channel. Use the soil within the test area to construct a single-sided permeable test earthwork. Ensure that all surfaces except the top surface and the side surface adjacent to the open channel are sealed with impermeable material. A water pipe adjacent to the culvert is inserted through the bottom surface of the test earthwork and into the soil within the test earthwork.

[0095] Step S32: Supply water to the test soil through the water pipe, causing the test soil to seep into the open channel until the water level in the open channel reaches a preset value. Then, close the water pipe valve and record the water flow rate of the water pipe at this time.

[0096] Step S33. Calculate the initial soil moisture content in the test area based on the water injection volume and the seepage volume. The calculation method is: L0 = (Q0-Q1) / V, where L0 represents the initial soil moisture content, Q0 represents the water injection volume, Q1 represents the seepage volume, and V represents the volume of the test soil. Q1 = ∮ (0,D) SR·D,∮ (0,D) SR represents the surface integral of the horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the open channel in the vertical direction, with the integration limit being (0, D), where D is the preset height of the water level in the open channel.

[0097] Step S4. Obtaining farmland environmental data using environmental sensors or data provided by meteorological authorities, modeling the farmland based on soil data, environmental data, and crop data to obtain a farmland irrigation model. Using the farmland irrigation model, the water demand intensity of each crop in the farmland is calculated, and the irrigation flow rate to each crop is automatically adjusted according to the water demand intensity.

[0098] Step S5. When precipitation occurs, the actual precipitation is calculated based on the soil infiltration intensity and the rising speed of the water level in the open channel and the culvert. The farmland irrigation model is reconstructed according to the precipitation and the irrigation flow is adjusted. An early warning is issued when the irrigation flow drops to a preset value.

[0099] Step S5 includes:

[0100] Step S51. When precipitation occurs, the water level sensor in the open channel detects the water level change, activating the water level sensor in the culvert. The sensor then measures the time it takes for water in the open channel to seep into the culvert. The fill flow rate in the open channel is calculated based on the open channel water level, soil permeability, and seepage time. The fill flow rate is then divided by the precipitation time to obtain the actual precipitation amount.

[0101] Step S52: Integrate the precipitation factor into the farmland irrigation model, adjust the irrigation flow rate of each crop, and issue an early warning when the irrigation flow rate drops to a preset value.

[0102] Example: The vertical height between the open channel and the culvert is 1m, and the water injection volume is 10m 3When the water level in the open channel reaches 0.2m, it will seep into the culvert after 5 minutes. The horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the bottom of the open channel is 1m 2 , the average water pressure is 10N / m 2 , then the soil permeability is 2*10 -3 m 3 / min, and upload the penetration intensity to the main control computer.

[0103] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0104] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or substitute equivalents for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligently controlling agricultural irrigation patterns based on climate environment, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step S1. A culvert is set at a fixed depth at the bottom of an open irrigation channel in a farmland. The culvert is constructed of impermeable material except for its upper surface. Water level sensors are installed in both the open and culvert. A water pipe is connected to the bottom of the culvert and runs through the farmland to supply water to the crops via drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. Step S2. Fill the open channel with irrigation water until the water level in the open channel reaches a preset value. Stop the water supply and wait until all the water in the open channel has seeped into the culvert. Then, calculate the soil permeability based on the seepage height, filling flow rate, and seepage duration, using the infiltration principle. Step S3. Select a test area in a plot of farmland adjacent to an open channel. Enclose all surfaces of the test area except the top surface and the side surfaces adjacent to the open channel with impermeable material. Pump water into the test area through a pipe connected to the culvert until the flow rate into the open channel reaches a preset value. Calculate the initial soil moisture content within the test area based on the water infusion rate and the seepage rate. Step S4. Obtaining farmland environmental data using environmental sensors or data provided by meteorological authorities, modeling the farmland based on soil data, environmental data, and crop data to obtain a farmland irrigation model. Using the farmland irrigation model, the water demand intensity of each crop in the farmland is calculated, and the irrigation flow rate to each crop is automatically adjusted according to the water demand intensity. Step S5. When precipitation occurs, the actual precipitation is calculated based on the soil permeability and the rising rate of the water level in the open and culvert channels. The farmland irrigation model is reconstructed according to the precipitation and the irrigation flow rate is adjusted. An early warning is issued when the irrigation flow rate drops to a preset value. Step S3 includes: Step S31. Select a test area within a farmland plot adjacent to an open channel. Use the soil within the test area to construct a single-sided permeable test earthwork. Ensure that all surfaces except the top surface and the side surface adjacent to the open channel are sealed with impermeable material. A water pipe adjacent to the culvert is inserted through the bottom surface of the test earthwork and into the soil within the test earthwork. Step S32: Supply water to the test soil through the water pipe, causing the test soil to seep into the open channel until the water level in the open channel reaches a preset value. Then, close the water pipe valve and record the water flow rate of the water pipe at this time. Step S33. Calculate the initial soil moisture content in the test area based on the water injection volume and the seepage volume. The calculation method is: L0 = (Q0-Q1) / V, where L0 represents the initial soil moisture content, Q0 represents the water injection volume, Q1 represents the seepage volume, and V represents the volume of the test soil. Q1 = ∮ (0,D) SR·D,∮ (0,D) SR represents the surface integral of the horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the open channel in the vertical direction, with the integration limit being (0, D), where D is the preset height of the water level in the open channel.

2. The method for intelligently controlling agricultural irrigation patterns based on climate environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1 includes: Step S11. A culvert is constructed in the underground space vertically above the bottom of the open channel. The vertical connecting wall between the open channel and the culvert is made of impermeable or one-way permeable material. The depth of the culvert must be lower than the planting depth of the crops. Homogeneous soil is filled between the open channel and the culvert to allow water from the open channel to infiltrate into the culvert. The average pore size of the homogeneous soil is consistent with that of soil in farmland. Step S12. Water level sensors are installed in the open channel and the culvert, and the sensor signals are connected to the main control computer. A water supply pipe with a pressurization function is installed at the bottom of the culvert. The water supply pipe runs through the farmland and is connected to the irrigation nozzles under each crop to supply water to the crops in the form of drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. The pressure of the water supply pipe is controlled by the main control computer to adjust the irrigation flow of each nozzle.

3. The method for intelligently controlling agricultural irrigation patterns based on climate environment according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step S2 includes: Step S21. When irrigation begins, continuously fill the open channel with irrigation water until the water level in the open channel reaches a preset value. Wait for all the water in the open channel to seep into the culvert, and record the total irrigation water filling flow rate and seepage duration. Step S22: Calculate the soil penetration strength based on the penetration principle according to the penetration height, filling flow rate and penetration time.

4. The method for intelligently controlling agricultural irrigation patterns based on climate environment according to claim 3, characterized in that: Step S4 includes: Step S41: Build a computer processing platform to receive environmental data from environmental sensors installed in the farmland or provided by the meteorological department, conduct water demand testing on crops planted in the farmland, obtain the irrigation requirements of crops per unit area, and evaluate the growth indicators of each crop; Step S42: Model the farmland based on the soil data, environmental data, and crop data to obtain a farmland irrigation model and calculate the water demand intensity of each crop in the farmland; Step S43: Adjust the irrigation flow rate of the land where the crop is located according to the water demand intensity of the crop, so that the irrigation flow rate QR = N·a, where N is the water demand intensity of the crop and a is a preset amplification factor; Step S5 includes: Step S51. When precipitation occurs, the water level sensor in the open channel detects the water level change, activating the water level sensor in the culvert. The sensor then measures the time it takes for water in the open channel to seep into the culvert. The fill flow rate in the open channel is calculated based on the open channel water level, soil permeability, and seepage time. The fill flow rate is then divided by the precipitation time to obtain the actual precipitation amount. Step S52: Integrate the precipitation factor into the farmland irrigation model, adjust the irrigation flow rate of each crop, and issue an early warning when the irrigation flow rate drops to a preset value.

5. A climate-environment-based intelligent control system for agricultural irrigation patterns, the system executing the climate-environment-based intelligent control method for agricultural irrigation patterns as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It includes the following modules: channel irrigation module, sensor infiltration module, soil testing module, crop modeling module and irrigation regulation module; The channel irrigation module is used to set up an open irrigation channel in the farmland, and set up a closed culvert at a uniform depth at the bottom of the open channel. The depth of the closed culvert is lower than the planting depth of the crop. Homogeneous soil is filled between the open channel and the culvert. The bottom of the culvert is connected to a water pipe that runs through the farmland to supply water to the crops in the form of drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. The sensing infiltration module is used to set water level sensors in the open channel and the culvert. When irrigation begins, irrigation water is added to the open channel until the water volume in the open channel reaches a preset value. Water supply is stopped and the soil infiltration intensity is calculated based on the infiltration height, filling flow rate and infiltration time. The water pipe is pressurized according to the soil infiltration intensity to enter the irrigation preparation program. The soil testing module is used to select a farmland area adjacent to an open channel as a test area. The test area is sealed with impermeable materials except for the upper surface and the side of the adjacent open channel. Water is pumped into the test area through a pipe connected to the culvert until the open channel water level reaches a preset value. The current moisture content of the soil in the farmland is calculated based on the flow rate of the pumped water and the seepage flow rate of the open channel. The total irrigation water consumption is calculated based on the area, topography and soil moisture content of the farmland. The crop modeling module is used to obtain farmland environmental data through environmental sensors or data provided by meteorological departments, input soil data, environmental monitoring data and crop monitoring data into a computer, use a model building tool to model the farmland, calculate the water demand intensity of the crops through the model, and automatically adjust the water pipe flow according to the water demand intensity to supply water to the crops; The irrigation regulation module is used to calculate the actual precipitation based on the open channel water level, the culvert water level and the channel opening when precipitation occurs, apply the actual precipitation to the farmland, update the soil moisture content and reconstruct the farmland model, adjust the irrigation flow to the crops, and issue a water level warning signal when the irrigation flow drops to a preset value.

6. The intelligent control system for agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The channel irrigation module includes: an open channel irrigation unit, a hidden channel irrigation unit and a pipeline irrigation unit; The open channel irrigation unit is arranged on the surface of the farmland soil layer to receive rainwater and irrigation water and provide farmland drainage function; The underground channel irrigation unit is arranged in a vertical direction at the bottom of the open channel and is made of impermeable material except for the upper surface, and is used to undertake the functions of water storage and soil measurement; The pipeline irrigation unit is connected to the underground channel and has a pressurizing function, and is used to transfer the water stored in the underground channel to various parts of the farmland to irrigate crops.

7. The intelligent control system for agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sensing penetration module includes: a sensor unit and a penetration calculation unit; The sensor unit is used to detect the water level in the canal, the temperature, humidity and meteorological data in the environment, and transmit the data to the computer; The permeability calculation unit is used to calculate the average permeability of the soil according to the water flow permeability state between the open channel and the culvert; The soil testing module includes: a soil testing unit and a water content testing unit; The test earthwork unit is used to select a test area at a random location in the farmland and construct a single-sided permeable test earthwork using the soil in the test area; The moisture content testing unit is used to inject water into the test soil and calculate the initial moisture content of the soil according to the water injection volume and seepage volume.

8. The intelligent control system for agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The crop modeling module includes: an electronic control unit, an environmental monitoring unit and a water quantity calculation unit; The electronic control unit is used to build a computer processing platform, receive sensor data from various sensors, and provide modeling and calculation tools; The environmental monitoring unit is used to model the area where each crop is located based on the acquired soil data and environmental data; The water quantity calculation unit is used to calculate the actual water demand intensity of the crops through the test data of the crop types and the established farmland model.

9. The intelligent control system for agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The irrigation regulation module includes: a water pressure adjustment unit and a precipitation update unit; The water pressure regulating unit is used to adjust the water pressure inside the pipe according to the water demand intensity of the crops, so that the irrigation flow rate is equal to the simulated value of the water demand flow rate; The precipitation update unit is used to calculate the actual precipitation during the precipitation process, adjust the irrigation flow according to the precipitation, and issue an early warning when the irrigation flow drops to a preset value.

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