Loosening device and control method for frozen coal crushing

Abstract

This invention relates to a loosening device and its control method for crushing frozen coal, belonging to the technical field of coal processing equipment. It includes a traveling gantry, on which a crushing and loosening mechanism is mounted. A sliding trolley is positioned between the traveling gantry and the crushing and loosening mechanism, and transverse guide rails are provided at both ends of the lower part of the sliding trolley and the traveling gantry. The crushing and loosening mechanism includes a fixed frame, with a double-drive assembly at its lower end. Several loosening heads are located at the lower end of the double-drive assembly. Several lifting cylinders, connected and fixed to the upper end of the double-drive assembly, are located within the fixed frame. It features a compact structure, convenient operation, and good operational stability. It solves the problem of crushing frozen coal and enables horizontal displacement during the crushing and loosening process. It prevents coal from clumping together, facilitating unloading and container cleaning during train transport.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal processing equipment technology, specifically to a loosening device and its control method for crushing frozen coal. Background Technology

[0002] Coal is an important basic energy source and industrial raw material in my country, and is widely used in thermal power generation, metallurgy, chemical industry, building materials and other sectors. Due to the uneven distribution of coal in my country, coal-using enterprises often need to transport coal by rail, accounting for 70% of the country's coal transportation volume. However, in northern China, the outdoor temperature in winter is generally around -10℃ to 30℃, and coal inevitably sticks together during long-distance transportation.

[0003] Adhesion phenomena are divided into two types: wet adhesion and frozen adhesion. After coal is mined, it undergoes a coal washing process. The washed coal has a certain moisture content. During transportation, due to moisture and vibration, the coal usually adheres tightly to the train carriages, which is called wet adhesion.

[0004] In low-temperature environments, the freezing of moisture at the interface between objects causes their surfaces to stick together, a natural phenomenon known as freeze-sticking. Coal adhesion is particularly pronounced on the bottom and walls of coal wagons, often forming a pocket-shaped distribution. Statistics show that the average coal adhesion rate on coal trains is around 15%, but in winter when outdoor temperatures are low, the freeze-sticking rate can reach 30% to 60%, sometimes freezing the entire wagon solid, significantly impacting the unloading operation of the tipper.

[0005] There is currently no good solution to the problem of frozen coal. Coal-using enterprises widely use manual cleaning and heated enclosures to clean frozen coal from train carriages. Manual cleaning is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and extremely inefficient. Cleaning a train carriage with 400mm thick frozen coal requires a team of workers three hours, and it also suffers from poor working conditions, high labor intensity, safety risks, high labor costs, and environmental problems. Heated enclosures, which mainly use steam heating, infrared heating, and microwave heating, also have drawbacks such as high initial investment, large land area requirements, high energy consumption, and low overall unloading efficiency.

[0006] Current frozen coal crushing and loosening equipment can only crush and loosen the frozen coal layer vertically. Lateral movement requires the blade to be pulled out above the frozen coal layer. If lateral movement is carried out during the crushing and loosening process within the frozen coal layer, the crushing rotor will bend and deform due to the squeezing force of the lateral frozen coal, making it impossible to achieve normal vertical rotation crushing. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a loosening device and its control method for crushing frozen coal. It features a compact structure, convenient operation, and good operational stability. It solves the problem of crushing frozen coal and enables horizontal displacement during the crushing and loosening process. This prevents coal from clumping together, facilitating unloading and container cleaning during train transport.

[0008] The above-mentioned technical problems of the present invention are mainly solved by the following technical solutions:

[0009] A loosening device for crushing frozen coal includes a traveling gantry, on which a crushing and loosening mechanism is mounted. A sliding trolley is positioned between the traveling gantry and the crushing and loosening mechanism, and transverse guide rails are provided between the lower ends of the sliding trolley and the traveling gantry. The crushing and loosening mechanism includes a fixed frame, with a double-drive assembly at its lower end. Several loosening heads are located at the lower end of the double-drive assembly. Several lifting cylinders, connected and fixed to the upper end of the double-drive assembly, are located within the fixed frame.

[0010] Preferably, the loosening head is provided with a spiral-shaped anti-clogging groove, and both sides of the loosening head are provided with several cutting blades that are integrated with the loosening head and the flange between the anti-clogging groove. When the loosening head gets stuck, the loosening head is flipped to prevent jamming.

[0011] Preferably, the dual-drive assembly includes a protective housing, a loosening connecting plate between the protective housing and the loosening head, a loosening head drive motor connected and fixed to the loosening connecting plate at the rear end of the loosening head, and a rotary motor connected and fixed to the protective housing on the loosening connecting plate.

[0012] Preferably, the upper part of the protective housing is provided with a power supply connector that is connected to the loosening head drive motor and the rotary motor in a circuit.

[0013] Preferably, the upper end of the protective shell is provided with a hollow lifting anchor pipe, and both the upper and lower ends of the lifting anchor pipe are provided with guide roller seats that communicate with the power supply receiving joint. Several rollers are provided around the guide roller seats, and a positioning guide rail is provided between the rollers and the fixed frame in an integral welded and fixed manner. The rollers and the positioning guide rail are interlocked and slidably connected.

[0014] Preferably, the guide roller seat and the protective housing are provided with an ear plate connecting seat that is pin-connected and fixed to the lifting cylinder; the upper part of the fixed frame and the lifting cylinder are provided with a cylinder fixing seat.

[0015] Preferably, a crushing and loosening standby compartment is provided on one side of the crane gantry, and an operating room is provided on the other side of the crane gantry. Ladders are provided between the crushing and loosening standby compartment and the ground, and between the operating room and the ground.

[0016] A method for controlling a loosening device includes the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: When the car body carrying frozen coal enters under the gantry, the crushing and loosening mechanism on the gantry starts the loosening head drive motor and the rotary motor.

[0018] Step 2: The lifting cylinder is stretched, causing the ear plate connecting seat to rotate and drive the rotating loosening head into the frozen coal seam for crushing and loosening.

[0019] Step 3: After the loosening head enters the lower part of the frozen coal seam, the gantry crane moves back and forth along the car body. After one forward and backward displacement stroke, the lifting cylinder retracts, so that the loosening head travels in a spiral S-shaped path through the frozen coal seam.

[0020] Step 4: After completing the crushing and loosening of one row of coal, the sliding trolley moves the crushing and loosening mechanism one body position to continue crushing and loosening the frozen coal seam until all the frozen coal in the car is crushed and loosened.

[0021] Step 5: After the frozen coal in one car is crushed and loosened, the lifting cylinder retracts to its initial position and disengages from the car, and then the crushing and loosening of frozen coal in the next car is carried out.

[0022] The present invention can achieve the following effects:

[0023] This invention provides a loosening device and its control method for crushing frozen coal. Compared with existing technologies, it features a compact structure, convenient operation, and good operational stability. It solves the problem of crushing frozen coal and enables horizontal displacement during the crushing and loosening process. This prevents coal from clumping together, facilitating unloading and container cleaning during train transport. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a top view of the overhead gantry structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the crushing and loosening mechanism of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a front view structural schematic diagram of the crushing and loosening mechanism of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5This is a bottom view of the crushing and loosening mechanism of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a top view of the crushing and loosening mechanism of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the loosening head of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the transverse operation structure of the crushing and loosening mechanism of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal operation structure of the crushing and loosening mechanism of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 10 This is a planar displacement path diagram of the broken pine tree according to the present invention.

[0034] In the diagram: 1. Crushing and loosening standby chamber; 2. Crane gantry; 3. Sliding line traveling trolley; 4. Crushing and loosening mechanism; 5. Operating room; 6. Ladder; 7. Transverse guide rail; 8. Fixed frame; 9. Hydraulic cylinder mounting seat; 10. Lifting hydraulic cylinder; 11. Positioning guide rail; 12. Guide roller seat; 13. Roller; 14. Lifting anchor pipe; 15. Double drive assembly; 16. Loosening head; 17. Ear plate connecting seat; 18. Loosening connecting plate; 19. Loosening head drive motor; 20. Protective housing; 21. Rotary motor; 22. Power supply receiving connector; 23. Anti-clogging groove; 24. Cutting head. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solution of the invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Example: Figure 1-10 As shown, a loosening device for crushing frozen coal includes a gantry crane 2, on which a crushing and loosening mechanism 4 is mounted. A sliding trolley 3 is positioned between the gantry crane 2 and the crushing and loosening mechanism 4. Horizontal guide rails 7 are provided between the lower ends of the sliding trolley 3 and the gantry crane 2. A crushing and loosening standby chamber 1 is located on one side of the gantry crane 2, and an operating room 5 is located on the other side. Ladders 6 are provided between the crushing and loosening standby chamber 1 and the ground, and between the operating room 5 and the ground.

[0037] The crushing and loosening mechanism 4 includes a fixed frame 8. A double-drive assembly 15 is located at the lower end of the fixed frame 8. Several loosening heads 16 are located at the lower end of the double-drive assembly 15. Each loosening head 16 has a spiral-shaped anti-clogging groove 23. Several cutting blades 24, integrated with the loosening head 16 and with the flanges of the anti-clogging grooves 23, are located on both sides of each loosening head 16. Several lifting cylinders 10 are located inside the fixed frame 8 and are connected and fixed to the upper end of the double-drive assembly 15.

[0038] The dual-drive assembly 8 includes a protective housing 20. A loosening connecting plate 18 is provided between the protective housing 20 and the loosening head 16. A loosening head drive motor 19, which is connected and fixed to the loosening connecting plate 18, is provided at the rear end of the loosening head 16. A rotary motor 21, which is connected and fixed to the protective housing 20, is provided on the loosening connecting plate 18. A power supply receiving connector 22, which is electrically connected to the loosening head drive motor 19 and the rotary motor 21, is provided on the upper part of the protective housing 20. A hollow lifting anchoring pipe 14 is provided at the upper end of the protective housing 20. Guide roller seats 12, which are connected to the power supply receiving connector 22, are provided at both the upper and lower ends of the lifting anchoring pipe 14. Four rollers 13 are provided around the guide roller seats 12. A positioning guide rail 11, which is integrally welded and fixed to the fixed frame 8, is provided between the rollers 13 and the fixed frame 8. The rollers 13 and the positioning guide rail 11 are connected by a snap-fit ​​sliding connection. A lug connecting seat 17 is provided between the guide roller seat 12 and the protective housing 20, which is fixed to the lifting cylinder 10 by a pin; a cylinder fixing seat 9 is provided between the upper part of the fixed frame 8 and the lifting cylinder 10.

[0039] A method for controlling a loosening device includes the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: When the car body carrying frozen coal enters below the gantry 2, the crushing and loosening mechanism 4 on the gantry 2 starts the loosening head drive motor 19 and the rotary motor 21.

[0041] Step 2: The lifting cylinder 10 is stretched, causing the ear plate connecting seat 17 to rotate and drive the self-rotating loosening head 16 into the frozen coal seam for crushing and loosening.

[0042] Step 3: After the loosening head 16 enters the lower part of the frozen coal seam, the gantry 2 moves back and forth along the car body. After one forward and backward displacement stroke, the lifting cylinder 10 retracts its stroke, so that the loosening head 16 travels in a spiral S-shaped path to the frozen coal seam.

[0043] Step 4: After completing the crushing and loosening of one row of coal, the sliding trolley 3 drives the crushing and loosening mechanism 4 to move laterally by one body position to continue crushing and loosening the frozen coal seam until all the frozen coal in the car is crushed and loosened.

[0044] Step 5: After the frozen coal in one car is crushed and loosened, the lifting cylinder 10 retracts to its initial position and disengages from the car, and then the crushing and loosening of frozen coal in the next car is carried out.

[0045] In summary, the loosening device and its control method for frozen coal crushing are characterized by compact structure, convenient operation, and good operational stability. They solve the problem of crushing frozen coal, enabling horizontal displacement during the crushing and loosening process. This prevents coal from clumping together, facilitating unloading and container cleaning during train transport.

[0046] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the structural features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention are covered by the patent scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A control method for a frozen coal crushing and loosening device, characterized in that: The loosening device includes a gantry (2), on which a crushing and loosening mechanism (4) is provided. A sliding trolley (3) is provided between the gantry (2) and the crushing and loosening mechanism (4). A transverse guide rail (7) is provided between the lower ends of the sliding trolley (3) and the gantry (2). The crushing and loosening mechanism (4) includes a fixed frame (8), at the lower end of the fixed frame (8) a double drive assembly (15) is provided. At the lower end of the double drive assembly (15) a plurality of loosening heads (16) are provided. A plurality of lifting cylinders (10) are provided inside the fixed frame (8) and connected and fixed to the upper end of the double drive assembly (15). The loosening head (16) is provided with a spiral anti-clogging groove (23), and both sides of the loosening head (16) are provided with a number of cutting heads (24) that are integrated with the loosening head (16) and integrated with the flange between the anti-clogging groove (23). The dual-drive assembly (15) includes a protective housing (20), a loosening connecting plate (18) is provided between the protective housing (20) and the loosening head (16), a loosening head drive motor (19) is provided at the rear end of the loosening head (16) and is connected and fixed to the loosening connecting plate (18), and a rotary motor (21) is provided on the loosening connecting plate (18) and is connected and fixed to the protective housing (20). The upper part of the protective housing (20) is provided with a power supply connector (22) that is connected to the loosening head drive motor (19) and the rotary motor (21) in a circuit. The upper end of the protective shell (20) is provided with a hollow lifting anchor pipe (14). The upper and lower ends of the lifting anchor pipe (14) are provided with guide roller seats (12) that are connected to the power supply receiving connector (22). The guide roller seats (12) are provided with several rollers (13) around them. The rollers (13) and the fixed frame (8) are provided with a positioning guide rail (11) that is integrally welded and fixed to the fixed frame (8). The rollers (13) and the positioning guide rail (11) are interlocked and slidably connected. The guide roller seat (12) and the protective shell (20) are provided with an ear plate connecting seat (17) that is fixed to the lifting cylinder (10) by a pin shaft; the upper part of the fixed frame (8) and the lifting cylinder (10) are provided with a cylinder fixing seat (9). The control method for the loosening device includes the following operating steps: Step 1: When the car body carrying frozen coal enters below the gantry (2), the crushing and loosening mechanism (4) on the gantry (2) starts the loosening head drive motor (19) and the rotary motor (21). Step 2: The lifting cylinder (10) is stretched, causing the ear plate connecting seat (17) to rotate and drive the self-rotating loosening head (16) into the frozen coal seam for crushing and loosening; Step 3: When the loosening head (16) enters the lower part of the frozen coal seam, the crane gantry (2) moves back and forth along the car body. After one forward and backward displacement stroke, the lifting cylinder (10) retracts its stroke, so that the loosening head (16) travels in a spiral S-shape along the frozen coal seam. Step 4: After completing the crushing and loosening of one row of spacing, the sliding trolley (3) drives the crushing and loosening mechanism (4) to move one body position laterally and continue to crush and loosen the frozen coal layer until all the frozen coal in the car is finished. Step 5: After the frozen coal in one car is crushed and loosened, the lifting cylinder (10) retracts to the initial position and disengages from the car, and then the frozen coal in the next car is crushed and loosened.

2. The control method for a frozen coal crushing and loosening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crane gantry (2) is provided with a crushing and loosening standby chamber (1) on one side and an operating room (5) on the other side. Ladders (6) are provided between the crushing and loosening standby chamber (1) and the ground, and between the operating room (5) and the ground.

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