3D printing powder spreading device capable of automatically adjusting powder scraping area
By designing a 3D printing powder laying device that can automatically adjust the scraping area, the problem of single design of scraper devices in the prior art is solved, and flexible adaptation to different sizes of prints and efficient use of printing raw materials is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411566848.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-18
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
The existing 3D printing scraper device design has the limitation of a single size, and it cannot flexibly deal with prints of different sizes, and lacks automatic adjustment function, resulting in wasted printing powder.
A powder laying mechanism including an L-shaped support member, a scraper device, an adjustment guide rail mechanism, a lifting device and a scraper device support plate is designed. By adjusting the guide rail mechanism and a lifting device, the height and length of the scraper blade are automatically adjusted to adapt to print parts of different sizes.
It effectively prevents the waste of printing raw materials, improves the flexibility and efficiency of the printing process, and ensures the quality and accuracy of the print parts.
Smart Images
Figure CN119634758A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and in particular relates to a 3D printing powder spreading device capable of automatically adjusting a powder scraping area. Background Art
[0002] In recent years, additive manufacturing technology for metal materials has flourished and quickly become a key technology for high-end manufacturing. Among them, selective laser melting (SLM) is one of the additive manufacturing technologies for metal materials with potential for development and application. SLM is an additive manufacturing technology based on the discrete-stacking principle, using high-energy-density lasers as heat sources to melt metal powder layer by layer according to pre-designed three-dimensional models and paths, and stacking them into 3D solid parts.
[0003] The uniformity of powder laying is an important factor affecting the quality of molded parts, which reflects the importance of 3D printing scrapers in the printing process. However, most 3D printing scraper devices at this stage have the following problems: 1. Single scraper design: The existing 3D printing scraper device uses a single-sized scraper, which cannot flexibly cope with prints of different sizes; 2. Lack of automatic adjustment: The movement trajectory and powder spreading range of the scraper are usually fixed, and the scraper always works in the same mode, wasting printing powder. Summary of the invention
[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a 3D printing powder spreading device which can automatically adjust the powder scraping area, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems.
[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a 3D printing powder spreading device capable of automatically adjusting a powder scraping area, comprising a powder spreading mechanism, a powder spreading guide mechanism, a working area and a feeding area, wherein the working area and the feeding area are arranged adjacent to each other; the powder spreading mechanism moves above the working area and the feeding area through the powder spreading guide mechanism; the feeding area is provided with a feeding bin and a collecting bin; a powder scraping mechanism is provided above the feeding area for collecting unused or excess raw materials into the collecting bin; the working area is provided with a waste bin and a forming substrate, wherein the forming substrate is arranged on a side close to the feeding area, and the waste bin is arranged on a side away from the feeding area; The powder spreading mechanism includes an L-shaped supporting component, a scraper device, an adjusting guide rail mechanism, a lifting device and a scraper device support plate; the L-shaped supporting component enables the powder spreading mechanism to slide on the powder spreading guide rail mechanism and carry the adjusting guide rail mechanism; a lifting device is provided on the adjusting guide rail mechanism, a scraper device support plate is provided on the top of the lifting device, and the scraper device support plate is connected to the scraper device; the scraper device is located above the feed bin.
[0006] Furthermore, the L-shaped support component includes a vertical mounting plate and a horizontal support plate, wherein the horizontal support plate is vertically connected to the bottom of the vertical mounting plate; and a support plate reinforcement rib is provided between the vertical mounting plate and the horizontal support plate.
[0007] Furthermore, the adjustment guide rail mechanism includes a slider fixing bolt, an adjustment guide rail, an adjustment slider and an adjustment guide rail fixing screw; the adjustment slider can slide on the adjustment guide rail; the adjustment guide rail is fixed to the horizontal support plate by the adjustment guide rail fixing screw; the slider fixing bolt is used to fix the position of the adjustment slider.
[0008] Furthermore, the lifting device includes a rectangular spur rack, a spur gear, a hexagonal bolt, a fixed shaft, a bottom fixing bolt of the lifting device, a support plate, a support plate fixing screw, a sleeve reinforcement rib, a sleeve device, a rectangular spur rack fixing bolt and a movable end cover; the rectangular spur rack fixing bolt fixes the rectangular spur rack to the movable end cover of the lifting device; the spur gear is arranged at the fixed shaft and meshes with the rectangular spur rack, the hexagonal bolt is arranged below the spur gear, and the bottom thread of the hexagonal bolt meshes with the spur gear; the bottom fixing bolt of the lifting device connects the bottom of the lifting device to the slider device; the support plate is fixedly connected to the sleeve device; a sleeve reinforcement rib is arranged between the support plate and the sleeve device; the two ends of the support plate are fixed to the two sides of the outer shell of the lifting device by the support plate fixing screws.
[0009] Furthermore, the scraper device support plate is fixed to the top end of the lifting device through support plate bolts, and both sides of the scraper device support plate extend in the same direction to form an extension part; two telescopic support rods are arranged between the extension part and the horizontal support plate; and the scraper device is connected below the extension part.
[0010] Furthermore, the scraper device includes a spur gear, a planetary shaft, a scraper blade, a center wheel, a planetary wheel, a connecting rod fixing bolt, a rotating knob, a connecting rod, an intermediate shaft and a fixing plate; the four planetary wheels in the planetary gear set are respectively meshed with the center wheel and the spur gear, the center wheels on both sides are connected by an intermediate shaft, and the four planetary wheels on both sides are connected by planetary shafts, so that the planetary gear sets on both sides keep rotating synchronously. Scraper blades of different lengths are respectively arranged on the four planetary shafts, and the scraper blades are fixed to the fixing plate by scraper bolts, and the fixing plate is connected to the planetary shaft; the end of the planetary shaft passing through the planetary wheel is connected to the rotating knob by a connecting rod, and the planetary shaft and the connecting rod are fixed by a connecting rod fixing bolt; the first sensor is installed on the scraper blade.
[0011] Furthermore, the feed bin includes a servo motor, a connecting rod, a baffle, an electromagnet, a powder supply substrate, a substrate connecting rod, a servo motor, an electromagnetic valve and a second sensor; the servo motor, the connecting rod, the baffle, the electromagnet and the electromagnetic valve are arranged in the feed bin opening, the connecting rod is connected to the baffle, the servo motor drives the connecting rod and the baffle to move, and the opening of the feed bin is opened and closed with the assistance of the electromagnet and the electromagnetic valve; the second sensor is arranged at the feed bin opening; the powder supply substrate, the substrate connecting rod and the servo motor are arranged at the bottom of the feed bin, and the extension and retraction of the substrate connecting rod are controlled by the servo motor to realize the vertical rise and fall of the powder supply substrate in the feed bin body.
[0012] Furthermore, the powder laying guide rail mechanism includes a powder laying guide rail and a powder laying mechanism bearing sliding block; the powder laying mechanism bearing sliding block can slide on the powder laying guide rail, and the powder laying guide rail is perpendicular to the adjustment guide rail in the horizontal direction.
[0013] Furthermore, the powder scraping mechanism includes a powder scraping guide rail, a simple scraper, an L-shaped angle iron, a simple scraper bolt and a simple scraper bearing slider; two L-shaped angle irons are used on both sides of one end of the simple scraper to connect with the simple scraper bearing slider and are fixed by the simple scraper bolt; the simple scraper bearing slider can slide on the powder scraping guide rail.
[0014] Furthermore, both ends of the adjusting guide rail, the powder spreading guide rail or the powder scraping guide rail are provided with limiters.
[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention arranges a lifting device under a scraper device support plate connected to the scraper device, and sets different layer thicknesses through the lifting device so that the scraper blade is located at different heights.
[0016] 2. When printing smaller objects, the present invention can effectively prevent the waste of printing raw materials by switching to a smaller scraper blade. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the powder spreading mechanism in the present invention; Figure 3 It is a top view of the powder spreading mechanism in the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the adjusting guide rail mechanism in the powder spreading mechanism; Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the lifting device in the powder spreading mechanism; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a scraper device in a powder spreading mechanism; Figure 7It is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the powder spreading mechanism in the present invention; Figure 8 It is a structural cross-sectional view of the feed bin in the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the powder laying guide rail mechanism in the present invention; Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the powder scraping mechanism in the present invention; In the figure: 1-L-shaped support component, 101-vertical mounting plate, 102-horizontal support plate, 103-support plate reinforcement rib, 104-powder spreading mechanism fixing bolt, 105-support plate fixing bolt, 2-scraper device, 201-spur gear, 202-planet shaft, 203-scraper blade, 204-center wheel, 205-planet wheel, 206-connecting rod fixing bolt, 207-rotating knob, 208-scraper bolt, 209-connecting rod, 210-intermediate shaft, 211 - first sensor, 212-fixed plate, 3-adjustable guide rail mechanism, 301-adjustable guide rail limiter, 302-adjustable guide rail limiter fixing bolt, 303-slider fixing bolt, 304-adjustable slider, 305-adjustable guide rail, 306-adjustable guide rail fixing screw, 4-lifting device, 401-rectangular spur rack, 402-spur gear, 403-hexagonal head bolt, 404-fixed shaft, 405-lifting device bottom fixing bolt, 406-support plate, 407-support plate Fixing screw, 408-sleeve reinforcement rib, 409-sleeve device, 410-rectangular spur rack fixing bolt, 411-movable end cover, 5-scraper device support plate, 501-support plate bolt, 502-telescopic support rod, 503-extension part, 6-feeding bin, 601-servo motor, 602-connecting rod, 603-baffle, 604-electromagnet, 605-powder supply substrate, 606-substrate connecting rod, 607-servo motor, 608-solenoid valve, 609-second sensor Device, 7-powder spreading guide rail mechanism, 701-powder spreading guide rail, 702-powder spreading guide rail limiter fixing bolt, 703-powder spreading guide rail limiter, 704-powder spreading mechanism bearing slider, 8-powder scraping mechanism, 801-powder scraping guide rail, 802-simple scraper, 803-L-shaped angle iron, 804-simple scraper bolt, 805-powder scraping guide rail limiter, 806-simple scraper bearing slider, 9-collecting bin, 10-waste bin, 11-forming substrate, 12-working area, 13-feeding area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0019] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention is a 3D printing powder spreading device capable of automatically adjusting the powder scraping area, comprising a powder spreading mechanism, a powder spreading guide mechanism 7, a working area 12 and a feeding area 13, wherein the working area 12 and the feeding area 13 are arranged adjacent to each other, and the powder spreading mechanism moves above the working area 12 and the feeding area 13 through the powder spreading guide mechanism 7. The feeding area 13 is provided with a feeding bin 6 and a collecting bin 9, wherein the feeding bin 6 is used to store raw materials in the 3D printing process to ensure the stable supply of the required raw materials; a powder scraping mechanism 8 is provided above the feeding area 13 to collect unused or excess raw materials into the collecting bin 9 to improve the utilization rate of the raw materials and make the overall printing process more economical; a waste bin 10 and a forming substrate 11 are provided in the working area 12, wherein the forming substrate 11 is arranged on a side close to the feeding area 13, and the waste bin 10 is arranged on a side away from the feeding area 13. The waste bin 10 is used to store waste generated during the 3D printing process. Waste materials mainly include unused printing materials on the used printing bed or printing platform, as well as waste materials generated due to problems such as print head blockage or printing material problems during the printing process. The forming substrate 11 is used as a support platform during the printing process, and can provide a stable and flat surface to ensure the stability and printing quality of the printing process. In addition, the forming substrate 11 also helps in the removal and post-processing of printing materials. During the 3D printing process, the use of the forming substrate 11 can improve the accuracy and repeatability of printing, and also help protect the printing equipment and extend its service life.
[0020] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the powder spreading mechanism includes an L-shaped supporting component 1, a scraper device 2, an adjusting guide rail mechanism 3, a lifting device 4 and a scraper device supporting plate 5.
[0021] The L-shaped support component 1 is composed of a vertical mounting plate 101 and a horizontal support plate 102. The horizontal support plate 102 is vertically connected to the bottom of the vertical mounting plate 101 by a support plate fixing bolt 105. A support plate reinforcing rib 103 is provided between the vertical mounting plate 101 and the horizontal support plate 102. The design of the support plate reinforcing rib 103 can ensure the rigidity of the L-shaped support component 1 and prevent the L-shaped support component 1 from being deformed after long-term use, resulting in problems such as uneven material laying, thereby affecting the printing accuracy.
[0022] The adjusting guide rail mechanism 3 is fixed on the horizontal support plate 102. Figure 4 and Figure 7As shown, the adjusting rail mechanism 3 includes an adjusting rail stopper 301, an adjusting rail stopper fixing bolt 302, a slider fixing bolt 303, an adjusting rail 305, an adjusting slider 304 and an adjusting rail fixing screw 306. The adjusting slider 304 can slide on the adjusting rail 305. The adjusting rail 305 is fixed to the horizontal support plate 102 by the adjusting rail fixing screw 306, and two adjusting rail stoppers 301 are fixed to the horizontal support plate 102 by the adjusting rail stopper fixing bolt 302. The adjusting rail stoppers 301 are respectively placed on both sides of the adjusting rail 305 to limit the sliding range of the adjusting slider 304, so as to change the position of the adjusting slider 304 according to the different printing ranges, so that after the adjusting slider 304 is in a suitable position, the slider fixing bolts 303 on both sides of the adjusting slider 304 are used to fix the position of the adjusting slider 304. In addition, the length of the adjusting rail 305 is not limited thereto, and a linear rail of a suitable length can be selected according to actual usage.
[0023] The adjusting slide block 304 on the adjusting guide rail mechanism 3 is provided with a lifting device 4, such as Figure 5 As shown, the lifting device 4 includes a rectangular spur rack 401, a spur gear 402, a hexagonal head bolt 403, a fixed shaft 404, a lifting device bottom fixing bolt 405, a support plate 406, a support plate fixing screw 407, a sleeve reinforcement rib 408, a sleeve device 409, a rectangular spur rack fixing bolt 410 and a movable end cover 411. The rectangular spur rack 401 is fixed to the movable end cover 411 of the lifting device 4 by the rectangular spur rack fixing bolt 410; the spur gear 402 is set at the fixed shaft 404 and meshes with the rectangular spur rack 401, the hexagonal bolt 403 is set below the spur gear 402, and the bottom thread of the hexagonal bolt 403 meshes with the spur gear 402 to ensure that when the hexagonal bolt 403 is rotated, the spur gear 402 will be driven to rotate, and the spur gear 402 will mesh with the rectangular spur rack 401, and the spur gear 402 will drive the rectangular spur rack 401 to complete the process of rising or falling. The bottom fixing bolt 405 of the lifting device connects the bottom of the lifting device with the slider assembly 304, the support plate 406 is fixedly connected with the sleeve device 409, and a sleeve reinforcement rib 408 is also set between the two to ensure the rigidity of the component. The two ends of the support plate 406 are fixed to the two sides of the shell of the lifting device 4 by support plate fixing screws 407. The sleeve device 409 is set to limit the rectangular spur rack 401 so that the rectangular spur rack 401 can achieve up and down movement according to different directions of thread rotation.
[0024] The scraper device support plate 5 is fixed to the top of the lifting device 4 by a support plate bolt 501. The two sides of the scraper device support plate 5 extend in the same direction to form an extension 503. Two telescopic support rods 502 are arranged between the extension 503 and the horizontal support plate 102 to enhance the stability and bearing capacity of the overall structure of the device and avoid deformation caused by long-term use, which affects the accuracy. The scraper device 2 is connected below the extension 503, and the scraper device 2 is located above the feed bin 6.
[0025] like Figure 6 As shown, the scraper device 2 includes a spur gear 201, a planetary shaft 202, a scraper blade 203, a center wheel 204, a planetary wheel 205, a connecting rod fixing bolt 206, a rotating knob 207, a connecting rod 209, an intermediate shaft 210 and a fixed plate 212. The four planetary wheels 205 in the planetary gear set are respectively meshed with the center wheel 204 and the spur gear 201, the center wheels 204 on both sides are connected through the intermediate shaft 210, and the four planetary wheels 205 on both sides are connected through the planetary shaft 202, so that the planetary gear sets on both sides keep rotating synchronously. Scraper blades 203 of different lengths are respectively arranged on the four planetary shafts 202, and the scraper blades 203 are fixed to the fixed plate 212 through scraper bolts 208, and the fixed plate 212 is connected to the planetary shaft 202. The end of the planetary shaft 202 passing through the planetary gear 205 is connected to the rotating knob 207 via a connecting rod 209, and the planetary shaft 202 and the connecting rod 209 are fixed via a connecting rod fixing bolt 206. The length of the scraper blade 203 to be used needs to be determined according to the size of the printed object. The scraper blades 203 to be used can be detachable, and a suitable scraper blade can be selected or replaced according to the use requirements. The rotating knob 207 makes the required scraper blade 203 reach the lowest end to complete the printing work; in addition, scraper blades of different sizes and dimensions can be selected for operation according to different requirements.
[0026] In addition, a first sensor 211 is installed on the scraper blade 203. Using the molten pool monitoring technology to monitor the 3D printing process, abnormal changes in the molten pool can be monitored in real time, which may cause printing defects such as pores, inclusions or cracks; monitoring the temperature distribution of the molten pool helps to ensure that the material is evenly heated during the printing process to avoid quality problems caused by local overheating or uneven cooling; using real-time monitoring data, the impact of different process parameters on the molten pool state can be analyzed, and then the printing speed, laser power, layer thickness and other parameters can be optimized to achieve the best manufacturing effect. By timely monitoring and adjusting the printing process parameters, the scrap rate caused by defects can be reduced, thereby improving material utilization and overall production efficiency. Compared with traditional post-detection methods, the molten pool monitoring technology provides a faster feedback mechanism, so that problems can be dealt with as soon as they occur.
[0027] like Figure 8As shown, the feed bin 6 includes a servo motor 601, a connecting rod 602, a baffle 603, an electromagnet 604, a powder supply substrate 605, a substrate connecting rod 606, a servo motor 607, an electromagnetic valve 608 and a second sensor 609. The servo motor 601, the connecting rod 602, the baffle 603, the electromagnet 604 and the electromagnetic valve 608 are arranged at the opening of the feed bin 6, wherein the connecting rod 602 is connected to the baffle 603, and the servo motor 601 drives the connecting rod 602 and the baffle 603 to move left and right, and the opening and closing of the feed bin 6 are completed through the assistance of the electromagnet 604 and the electromagnetic valve 608. The second sensor 609 arranged at the opening of the feed bin 6 is used to sense whether the scraper blade 203 passes through, so as to better cooperate with the opening and closing of the feed bin 6. The powder supply substrate 605, substrate connecting rod 606 and servo motor 607 are arranged at the bottom of the supply bin 6. The servo motor 607 controls the extension and retraction of the substrate connecting rod 606 to realize the vertical rise and fall of the powder supply substrate 605 in the bin body of the supply bin 6.
[0028] like Figure 2 and Fig. 9 As shown, the vertical mounting plate 101 is connected to the powder spreading mechanism bearing slider 704 on the powder spreading guide rail mechanism 7 through the powder spreading mechanism fixing bolt 104 to realize a sturdy fixed structure. The powder spreading mechanism bearing slider 704 can slide on the powder spreading guide rail 701, and the powder spreading guide rail 701 is perpendicular to the adjustment guide rail 305 in the horizontal direction. Powder spreading guide rail limiters 703 are set at both ends of the powder spreading guide rail 701 to limit the sliding stroke of the powder spreading mechanism bearing slider 704. The powder spreading guide rail limiter 703 is fixed by the powder spreading guide rail limiter fixing bolt 702.
[0029] like Fig.10 As shown, a powder scraping mechanism 8 is provided above the feeding bin 6 and the collecting bin 9, and the powder scraping mechanism 8 includes a powder scraping guide rail 801, a simple scraper 802, an L-shaped angle iron 803, a simple scraper bolt 804, a powder scraping guide rail stopper 805 and a simple scraper bearing slider 806. Two L-shaped angle irons 803 are used on both sides of one end of the simple scraper 802 to connect with the simple scraper bearing slider 806, and are fixed by a simple scraper bolt 804. The simple scraper bearing slider 806 can slide on the powder scraping guide rail 801, and the powder scraping guide rail 801 is parallel to the adjustment guide rail 305. Powder scraping guide rail stoppers 805 are provided at both ends of the powder scraping guide rail 801 to limit the stroke of the simple scraper bearing slider 806. The powder scraping mechanism 8 can effectively collect unused printing powder into a dedicated collecting bin 9, thereby improving the utilization rate of printing powder and reducing material waste.
[0030] The working process of this device is as follows: Before the scraper device 2 operates, the upper surface of the forming substrate 11 is first adjusted to be flush with the opening of the waste bin 10, and then a suitable scraper blade 203 is selected according to the size of the printed object. According to the different layer thicknesses of the print, the lifting device 4 is adjusted to make the scraper blade 203 in a suitable position; the powder spreading mechanism reciprocates on the powder spreading guide mechanism 7, and when the scraper device 2 is above the second sensor 609 at the opening of the feed bin 6, the baffle 603 of the feed bin 6 is opened, and the powder supply substrate 605 moves upward a fixed distance. After the scraper device 2 passes through the feed bin 6, the simple scraper 802 moves on the powder scraping guide 801 to collect the unused printing powder into the collection bin 9, and returns to the initial position after completing a powder scraping operation; when the scraper device 2 completes a powder scraping operation and returns to the initial position and passes the second sensor 609 again, the baffle 603 of the feed bin 6 is closed, and the above operation is repeated until the print is completed, and the waste powder is cleaned into the waste bin 10 to complete the printing work.
[0031] The present invention can select or replace different lengths of scraper blades 203 according to the size of the printed work; can adjust the thickness of the material by adjusting the lifting device 4 according to different printing materials; can adjust the position of the scraper blade 203 forward and backward according to different printing positions; under the action of the scraper device 2, the printing raw materials are evenly spread on the workbench; the scraping mechanism 8 and the collection bin 9 cooperate to save the printing raw materials and facilitate the subsequent cleaning of the workbench. The present invention can effectively prevent the waste of printing raw materials and avoid environmental pollution.
[0032] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A 3D printing powder spreading device capable of automatically adjusting the powder scraping area, characterized in that: The invention comprises a powder spreading mechanism, a powder spreading guide rail mechanism (7), a working area (12) and a feeding area (13), wherein the working area (12) and the feeding area (13) are arranged adjacent to each other; the powder spreading mechanism moves above the working area (12) and the feeding area (13) via the powder spreading guide rail mechanism (7); the feeding area (13) is provided with a feeding bin (6) and a collecting bin (9); a powder scraping mechanism (8) is provided above the feeding area (13) for collecting unused or excess raw materials into the collecting bin (9); the working area (12) is provided with a waste bin (10) and a forming substrate (11), wherein the forming substrate (11) is arranged on a side close to the feeding area (13), and the waste bin (10) is arranged on a side away from the feeding area (13); The powder spreading mechanism comprises an L-shaped support component (1), a scraper device (2), an adjustment rail mechanism (3), a lifting device (4) and a scraper device support plate (5); the L-shaped support component (1) enables the powder spreading mechanism to slide on the powder spreading rail mechanism (7) and to carry the adjustment rail mechanism (3); the adjustment rail mechanism (3) is provided with a lifting device (4), the top of the lifting device (4) is provided with a scraper device support plate (5), and the scraper device support plate (5) is connected to the scraper device (2); the scraper device (2) is located above the feed bin (6).
2. A 3D printing powder spreading device capable of automatically adjusting the powder scraping area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The L-shaped support component (1) comprises a vertical mounting plate (101) and a horizontal support plate (102), wherein the horizontal support plate (102) is vertically connected to the bottom of the vertical mounting plate (101); a support plate reinforcing rib (103) is provided between the vertical mounting plate (101) and the horizontal support plate (102).
3. A 3D printing powder spreading device capable of automatically adjusting the powder scraping area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting guide rail mechanism (3) comprises a slider fixing bolt (303), an adjusting guide rail (305), an adjusting slider (304) and an adjusting guide rail fixing screw (306); the adjusting slider (304) is capable of sliding on the adjusting guide rail (305); the adjusting guide rail (305) is fixed to the horizontal support plate (102) by means of the adjusting guide rail fixing screw (306); and the slider fixing bolt (303) is used to fix the position of the adjusting slider (304).
4. A 3D printing powder spreading device capable of automatically adjusting the powder scraping area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting device (4) comprises a rectangular spur rack (401), a spur gear (402), a hexagonal bolt (403), a fixed shaft (404), a lifting device bottom fixing bolt (405), a support plate (406), a support plate fixing screw (407), a sleeve reinforcement rib (408), a sleeve device (409), a rectangular spur rack fixing bolt (410) and a movable end cover (411); the rectangular spur rack fixing bolt (410) fixes the rectangular spur rack (401) to the movable end cover (411) of the lifting device (4); the spur gear (402) is arranged at the fixed shaft (404), The hexagonal bolt (403) is arranged below the spur gear (402), and the bottom thread of the hexagonal bolt (403) is engaged with the spur gear (402); the bottom fixing bolt (405) of the lifting device connects the bottom of the lifting device (4) to the slider device (304); the support plate (406) is fixedly connected to the sleeve device (409); a sleeve reinforcement rib (408) is arranged between the support plate (406) and the sleeve device (409); and the two ends of the support plate (406) are fixed to the two sides of the outer shell of the lifting device (4) by support plate fixing screws (407).
5. A 3D printing powder spreading device capable of automatically adjusting the powder scraping area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scraper device support plate (5) is fixed to the top end of the lifting device (4) by means of support plate bolts (501), and two sides of the scraper device support plate (5) extend in the same direction to form an extension portion (503); two telescopic support rods (502) are arranged between the extension portion (503) and the horizontal support plate (102); and the scraper device (2) is connected below the extension portion (503).
6. A 3D printing powder spreading device capable of automatically adjusting the powder scraping area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scraper device (2) comprises a spur gear (201), a planetary shaft (202), a scraper blade (203), a center wheel (204), a planetary wheel (205), a connecting rod fixing bolt (206), a rotating knob (207), a connecting rod (209), an intermediate shaft (210) and a fixing plate (212); the four planetary wheels (205) in the planetary gear set are respectively meshed with the center wheel (204) and the spur gear (201), the center wheels (204) on both sides are connected via the intermediate shaft (210), and the four planetary wheels (205) on both sides are connected via the planetary shaft (202), so that the planetary gear sets on both sides keep rotating synchronously. Scraper blades (203) of different lengths are respectively arranged on the four planetary shafts (202); the scraper blades (203) are fixed to a fixing plate (212) via scraper bolts (208); the fixing plate (212) is connected to the planetary shaft (202); the end of the planetary shaft (202) passing through the planetary wheel (205) is connected to the rotating knob (207) via a connecting rod (209), and the planetary shaft (202) and the connecting rod (209) are fixed via a connecting rod fixing bolt (206); and a first sensor (211) is installed on the scraper blades (203).
7. A 3D printing powder spreading device capable of automatically adjusting the powder scraping area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material supply bin (6) comprises a servo motor (601), a connecting rod (602), a baffle (603), an electromagnet (604), a powder supply substrate (605), a substrate connecting rod (606), a servo motor (607), an electromagnetic valve (608) and a second sensor (609); the servo motor (601), the connecting rod (602), the baffle (603), the electromagnet (604) and the electromagnetic valve (608) are arranged at the bin opening of the material supply bin (6); the connecting rod (602) is connected to the baffle (603); the servo motor (607) is connected to the baffle (603); the 601) drives the connecting rod (602) and the baffle (603) to move, and the opening and closing of the supply bin (6) are completed with the assistance of the electromagnet (604) and the electromagnetic valve (608); a second sensor (609) is arranged at the opening of the supply bin (6); the powder supply substrate (605), the substrate connecting rod (606) and the servo motor (607) are arranged at the bottom of the supply bin (6), and the extension and retraction of the substrate connecting rod (606) are controlled by the servo motor (607) to realize the vertical rise and fall of the powder supply substrate (605) in the bin body of the supply bin (6).
8. The 3D printing powder spreading device capable of automatically adjusting the powder scraping area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder spreading guide rail mechanism (7) comprises a powder spreading guide rail (701) and a powder spreading mechanism bearing slide block (704); the powder spreading mechanism bearing slide block (704) is capable of sliding on the powder spreading guide rail (701), and the powder spreading guide rail (701) is perpendicular to the adjustment guide rail (705) in the horizontal direction.
9. A 3D printing powder spreading device capable of automatically adjusting the powder scraping area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder scraping mechanism (8) comprises a powder scraping guide rail (801), a simple scraper (802), an L-shaped angle iron (803), a simple scraper bolt (804) and a simple scraper bearing slider (806); two L-shaped angle irons (803) are used on both sides of one end of the simple scraper (802) to connect to the simple scraper bearing slider (806) and are fixed by the simple scraper bolt (804); the simple scraper bearing slider (806) can slide on the powder scraping guide rail (801).
10. A 3D printing powder spreading device capable of automatically adjusting the powder scraping area according to any one of claims 3, 8 or 9, characterized in that: Both ends of the adjustment guide rail (305), the powder spreading guide rail (701) or the powder scraping guide rail (801) are provided with limiters.