Vertical carbonization furnace for preparing bamboo activated carbon blocky carbonized material

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical carbonization furnace for preparing bamboo activated carbon blocky carbonized materials, and relates to comprehensive utilization of biomass and preparation of biomass activated carbon. Comprising a feeding assembly, a furnace body assembly, a charcoal discharging assembly, a supporting assembly and a heat source assembly, the feeding assembly adopts a two-stage sealer and a two-stage buffer hopper structure, and a special control method is used for driving the feeding assembly to ensure the sealing problem of raw materials during feeding; the furnace body assembly adopts a variable-diameter deformation body, the upper part is a vertical hollow cylinder, and the lower part is a hollow tetragonal prism, so that a uniform gas distribution structure is formed, and the partial combustion phenomenon is completely eradicated; an anaerobic composite burner is used in the heat source assembly, controlled heating is conducted on cracking gas, anaerobic heat source gas is formed, and therefore the anaerobic dry distillation process with uniform heating is achieved, and the high carbon yield is obtained. The method is suitable for preparation of high-strength block-shaped carbonized materials required by bamboo activated carbon, and is also suitable for production of block-shaped carbonized materials such as wood, coconut shells, fruit shells and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of biomass and preparation of biomass activated carbon, and in particular to a vertical carbonization furnace for preparing block carbonized materials of biomass activated carbon (especially bamboo activated carbon). Background Art

[0002] As a high-performance adsorption material, columnar activated carbon and granular activated carbon (crushed activated carbon) play a vital role in waste gas treatment and water purification due to their unique microporous structure and excellent adsorption capacity. The raw materials for the manufacture of wood-based activated carbon (including bamboo columnar activated carbon, bamboo granular activated carbon, etc.) are mainly carbon-rich substances, namely carbonized materials, such as charcoal, bamboo charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, fruit shell charcoal, etc. When selecting these carbonized materials, it is necessary to pay attention to indicators such as their carbon content, ash content and mechanical strength.

[0003] The quality of carbonized materials directly affects the subsequent activation process and the performance of the final biomass activated carbon product. Carbonized materials are biomass raw materials (such as wood, bamboo, coconut shells, fruit shells, etc.) that are pyrolyzed under high temperature conditions, so that non-carbon elements in the biomass raw materials escape in the form of gas, leaving behind solid products rich in carbon elements. The carbonization process is usually carried out in a closed carbonization furnace. By controlling the carbonization temperature and time, carbonized materials of different properties can be obtained. At present, rotary carbonization furnaces are generally used for powdered biomass raw materials, while vertical carbonization furnaces are used for blocky biomass raw materials. The existing vertical carbonization furnaces mainly have the following prominent problems:

[0004] First of all, most vertical carbonization furnaces use a bottom blast production process. The carbon layer at the bottom of the carbonization furnace burns when in contact with the air, releasing a large amount of heat energy to provide heat for the carbonization of the upper biomass. However, "wind nests" are easily generated inside the carbonization furnace. The raw materials near the "wind nests" have better air permeability, resulting in "biased burning" of the raw materials. In extreme cases, the "wind nests" may even be burned through to form "cavities". The raw materials close to the "wind nests" are prone to over-carbonization and even burnt into ash; while the raw materials far away from the "wind nests" cannot be carbonized and a "raw material area" appears. The "biased burning" phenomenon has a significant impact on the consistency and stability of the production process of the vertical carbonization furnace.

[0005] Secondly, the vertical carbonization furnace inevitably needs to burn part of the carbonized material to provide carbonization heat. This will not only cause a decrease in the "carbon yield", but also the ash produced by the combustion will be entrained in the carbonized material, causing the ash content in the carbonized material to increase, affecting the quality of the carbonized material.

[0006] Secondly, most vertical carbonization furnaces adopt upward suction type. On the one hand, it will cause the cracking gas outlet temperature to be low; on the other hand, a significant negative pressure will be formed at the cracking gas outlet; this will place high requirements on the negative pressure sealing of the carbonization furnace feed port. Otherwise, air entering the carbonization furnace from the feed port is likely to cause an explosion.

[0007] Finally, the cracking gas outlet temperature of the vertical carbonization furnace is low, which will cause a large amount of tar to condense and adhere to the inner wall of the cracking gas pipeline. In the long run, it will cause blockage of the cracking gas pipeline and affect the use of the carbonization furnace.

[0008] In summary, the problems of "biased burning", "low carbon yield", "negative pressure sealing" and "tar pipe blocking" existing in the existing vertical carbonization furnace have a significant impact on the stability of the vertical carbonization furnace. These are technical problems that need to be urgently solved in the preparation of high-quality block carbonized materials required for bamboo activated carbon using vertical carbonization equipment. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the technical problems of "biased burning", "low carbon yield", "negative pressure sealing", "tar blocking pipe" and the like existing in the existing vertical carbonization furnace, and to provide a vertical carbonization furnace for preparing bamboo activated carbon block carbonization material. The present invention is not limited to bamboo raw materials, and can also be applied to the carbonization of other types of biomass raw materials such as wood, coconut shells, fruit shells, machine-made rods, etc.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

[0011] A vertical carbonization furnace for preparing bamboo activated carbon block carbonization material, comprising: a feed assembly, the feed assembly comprising a feed hopper, a primary sealer, a primary buffer hopper, a scraper, a secondary sealer, and a secondary buffer hopper, the bottom of the feed hopper is connected to the primary sealer, the primary sealer is installed on the top of the primary buffer hopper, the scraper is installed inside the primary buffer hopper, the bottom of the primary buffer hopper is installed with a secondary sealer, the secondary sealer is installed on the top of the secondary buffer hopper, the bottom of the secondary buffer hopper is hollow, and is inserted into the furnace body assembly from the top of the furnace body assembly;

[0012] A furnace body assembly, the furnace body assembly includes a variable diameter deformation body, a heating chamber, a gas distribution cone, a branch pipe, and a water-cooled grate. The variable diameter deformation body refers to a furnace body with a round upper part and a square lower part, a small upper part and a large lower part, and a changed diameter and shape, including an upper furnace body and a lower furnace body. The upper furnace body is a vertical hollow cylindrical structure, and is wrapped with a heat preservation material on the outside. The heating chamber is arranged on the top of the upper furnace body, and is provided with a cracking gas outlet to lead out the cracking gas. The bottom of the heating chamber is connected to the upper furnace body through a partition. The position of the partition is higher than the lower end surface of the secondary buffer bucket. The partition is provided with air holes so that the heating chamber is connected with the internal space of the upper furnace body. The lower furnace body is a hollow square column structure, and the side length of the square column is greater than the diameter of the upper furnace body. The bottom of the upper furnace body is hollow, and the top of the lower furnace body is inserted into it, so that the bottom of the upper furnace body is lower than the top of the lower furnace body. A heat source inlet is provided at one of the four corners of the furnace body, the air distribution cone is an inverted cone structure, which is supported by four inverted grooves spaced 90° apart as oblique supports and is placed at the center of the lower part of the upper furnace body, and the other end of the inverted groove is welded to the bottom of the upper furnace body; preferably, the inverted grooves are arranged in the direction of the four corners of the lower furnace body; four notches are also provided at the bottom edge of the upper furnace body, so that the four inverted grooves are connected to the outer square annular cavity of the lower furnace body, the parallel branch pipes are arranged in parallel on the outside of the upper furnace body, the bottom of the parallel branch pipes is connected to one of the four corners of the lower furnace body, the top is connected to the rising chamber, and a wind valve is provided in the middle; the water-cooling grate is arranged at the bottom of the lower furnace body, the water-cooling grate is composed of a plurality of parallel and rotatable water-cooling pipes, the water-cooling pipes are driven to rotate synchronously by sprockets, and circulating water is provided inside the water-cooling pipes.

[0013] A carbon discharge component, which includes a carbon collecting hopper, a slag cooler and a carbon discharge sealer. The carbon collecting hopper is a square hopper with a water-cooling interlayer or a heat-insulating interlayer on the outside. The square opening at the top is connected to the bottom of the lower furnace body, and the lower end is closed and connected to the slag cooler. The slag cooler cools the carbonized material. The outlet of the slag cooler is connected to the carbon discharge sealer. The carbon discharge sealer discharges the carbonized material out of the furnace body and prevents leakage of heat source gas.

[0014] A support assembly, comprising a ladder frame, a corridor platform, a bottom support frame, a middle support frame, and a top support frame. The ladder frame is arranged on the periphery of the furnace body assembly to provide an auxiliary staircase for maintenance work. A plurality of corridor platforms are arranged between the ladder frame and the bottom support frame, the middle support frame, and the top support frame. The bottom support frame is arranged below the lower furnace body to support the lower furnace body. The upper furnace body is supported on the middle support frame by a plurality of hanging ears to prevent shaking, and can be slightly extended and retracted up and down in the middle support frame to eliminate thermal expansion and contraction caused by the heating of the furnace body. The top support frame is arranged above the middle support frame to set the feeding assembly.

[0015] A heat source component, the heat source component includes a cracking gas pipeline, a distributor, an anaerobic composite burner, a heat source blower, and a heat source pipeline. The cracking gas pipeline is used to lead out the cracking gas generated by the furnace body component, one end of which is connected to the cracking gas outlet of the heating chamber, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the distributor. The distributor includes an inlet, an outlet I and an outlet II. A gas valve is arranged inside the distributor to control the ratio of the gas flowing out of the outlet I and the outlet II. The outlet I of the distributor is connected to the anaerobic composite burner, and the outlet II of the distributor is connected to a gas-using device. The anaerobic composite burner is a device for controlled heating of the cracking gas and forming a heat source gas, including a gas distribution chamber, a temperature regulating valve, an air jacket, a blower, a combustion pipe, a composite cavity, and a combustion mixing chamber. The gas distribution chamber is a cavity structure filled with cracking gas. One end of the gas distribution chamber is connected to the outlet I of the distributor to introduce the cracking gas, and the other end is connected to the combustion mixing chamber. The temperature regulating valve, the air jacket, the combustion pipe, and the composite cavity are respectively placed in the cavity of the gas distribution chamber. One end is placed in the cavity of the gas distribution chamber to extract cracking gas, and the other end is connected to the gas port of the combustion tube to introduce cracking gas. One end of the combustion tube is the gas port, and the other end is the flue gas port. The interior of the combustion tube is equipped with an igniter. The outer wall of the combustion tube is provided with an array of air holes and is placed in the air jacket. The air jacket is connected to the blower. The composite cavity includes a high temperature chamber and a fuel mixing tube. The outer wall of the high temperature chamber is provided with a refractory heat-insulating material, and the interior is connected to the fuel mixing tube. The flue gas of the combustion tube The outlet of the fuel mixing tube is inserted into the high temperature chamber, the outer wall of the fuel mixing tube is provided with an array of air holes, the fuel mixing tube is inserted into the fuel mixing chamber, and heat source gas is formed in the fuel mixing chamber, the outlet of the fuel mixing chamber is connected to the heat source pipeline, and the heat source gas is sent into the interior of the furnace body assembly, and the heat source fan is connected in series to the cracking gas pipeline or the heat source pipeline to provide power for the flow of the cracking gas and the heat source gas; through the anaerobic compound burner, a stable, controllable and oxygen-free heat source gas can be generated in the temperature range of 300°C to 1000°C.

[0016] The variable diameter deformation body is a furnace body with a special structure that is round on the top and square on the bottom, small on the top and large on the bottom, and has a changed diameter and shape. By utilizing the special structure of variable diameter deformation, a circular ring cavity with an outer square is formed at the bottom of the upper furnace body; a circular cavity is formed at the bottom of the gas distribution cone; and a strip-shaped cavity is formed at the bottom of the four inverted grooves, thereby forming a uniform gas distribution structure consisting of an outer square ring to an inner circle plus four strip cavities.

[0017] In some embodiments, the primary sealer uses a blower or a screw feeder to achieve gas sealing and feed the raw materials into the primary buffer bucket.

[0018] In some embodiments, the scraper is driven to rotate by a reduction motor. On the one hand, it can level the raw materials in the primary buffer bucket. On the other hand, it can determine whether the raw materials in the primary buffer bucket have reached a set height (the height of the scraper) as a whole by monitoring the load of the reduction motor.

[0019] In some embodiments, the secondary sealer uses a gate valve to achieve gas sealing; after the secondary sealer is opened, all raw materials in the primary buffer bucket fall into the secondary buffer bucket as a whole; the secondary sealer is closed to achieve gas sealing.

[0020] In some embodiments, a material level meter is provided in the secondary buffer bucket to prevent the secondary sealer from being unable to close due to excessively high raw materials in the secondary buffer bucket.

[0021] In some embodiments, a negative pressure dust removal pipe is provided on the top of the feed hopper, and the negative pressure dust removal pipe is connected to the heat source assembly to extract and burn the dust and cracking gas leaked from the primary sealer.

[0022] In some embodiments, the feeding assembly can be driven by the following control method to achieve sealed feeding:

[0023] Step (1), opening or rotating the primary sealer to allow the raw material to enter the primary buffer bucket;

[0024] Step (2), monitoring the load of the reduction motor, if the raw materials in the primary buffer bucket as a whole reach a set height (the height of the scraper), then executing step (3), otherwise continue to execute step (1);

[0025] Step (3), monitoring the material level meter, if the raw material in the secondary buffer bucket is too high, closing or stopping the primary sealer and repeating step (3), otherwise executing step (4);

[0026] Step (4), opening the secondary sealer to allow all the raw materials in the primary buffer bucket to fall into the secondary buffer bucket as a whole;

[0027] Step (5), close the secondary sealer and repeat step (1).

[0028] The variable diameter deformation body designed in the present invention is a special structure furnace body with a round upper part and a square lower part, a small upper part and a large lower part, and a changed diameter and shape. By utilizing the special structure of variable diameter deformation, an outer square annular cavity is formed at the bottom of the upper furnace body; a circular cavity is formed at the bottom of the gas distribution cone; and a strip-shaped cavity is formed at the bottom of the four inverted grooves, thereby forming a uniform gas distribution structure consisting of an outer square annular cavity, an inner circular cavity, and four strip-shaped cavities.

[0029] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the upper furnace body is provided with annularly distributed brackets, and an inner jacket is supported above the brackets. A plurality of paddles are installed on the inner wall of the inner jacket. The inner jacket is driven by a reduction motor to slowly rotate or reciprocate inside the upper furnace body, and the raw materials in the inner jacket are staggered and stirred with other raw materials in the upper furnace body, thereby solving the problem of "bridging" or "arching" of the raw materials inside the upper furnace body.

[0030] In some embodiments, the water outlet of the water cooling tube is connected to the water inlet of the adjacent water cooling tube, and the circulating water of all the water cooling tubes are connected in series.

[0031] In some embodiments, the heat source inlet of the lower furnace body is diagonally distributed with the bottom of the parallel branch pipe; the cracked gas outlet of the heating chamber is diagonally distributed with the top of the parallel branch pipe.

[0032] The branch pipe designed in the present invention is a side branch pipe parallel to the upper furnace body. By using the air valve arranged in the middle of the branch pipe, on the one hand, the amount of heat source gas entering the upper furnace body can be adjusted to control the production capacity of the carbonization furnace; on the other hand, the temperature entering the heating chamber can be adjusted to increase the temperature of the cracking gas, thereby avoiding the condensation of tar contained in the cracking gas and the problem of "tar blocking the pipe".

[0033] In some embodiments, the slag cooler uses a water-cooled spiral and the sealer uses a fan.

[0034] In some embodiments, the ear includes a bottom ear and a top ear, the bottom ear fixes the bottom of the upper furnace body on the middle support frame, and the top ear can extend upward. When the furnace body assembly expands due to heat, the thermal stress is released by the upward expansion and contraction of the top ear.

[0035] In some embodiments, a thermometer is further provided inside the combustion and mixing chamber to detect the temperature of the heat source gas. Preferably, a decoking plate is further provided at the outlet of the combustion and mixing chamber to further crack the tar components contained in the heat source gas. The decoking plate is a tar cracking catalyst. Preferably, the decoking plate is made of nickel alloy-calcium oxide plate.

[0036] In some embodiments, the anaerobic compound combustion machine can be driven by the following control method to achieve controlled temperature increase of the cracking gas:

[0037] Step (1), opening the temperature regulating valve to allow the cracked gas in the gas separation chamber to enter the combustion tube;

[0038] Step (2), turning on the blower to allow air to pass through the air jacket and then enter the combustion tube through the air hole array of the combustion tube;

[0039] Step (3), turning on the igniter inside the combustion tube, allowing the cracking gas to burn with air through oxygen, and generating high-temperature flue gas in the high-temperature chamber;

[0040] Step (4), the high-temperature flue gas enters the fuel-mixing tube via the high-temperature chamber, and the cracked gas enters the fuel-mixing tube from the gas separation chamber through the pore array of the fuel-mixing tube;

[0041] Step (5), the high-temperature flue gas and the cracking gas are mixed in the combustion mixing tube and the combustion mixing chamber to generate the heat source gas; the combustion mixing is a form of incomplete combustion, with the high-temperature flue gas as an oxidant and the cracking gas as a fuel, the purpose of the combustion mixing is to consume the oxygen content in the high-temperature flue gas, and the product is oxygen-free heat source gas, and the temperature of the heat source gas generated by the combustion mixing must meet the constraint condition between the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas and the temperature of the cracking gas;

[0042] Step (6), regularly detect the temperature T of the heat source gas. If the temperature T of the heat source gas is greater than the carbonization temperature t (i.e., T > t), proceed to step (7); if the temperature T of the heat source gas is less than the carbonization temperature t (i.e., T < t), proceed to step (8); if the temperature T of the heat source gas is equal to the carbonization temperature t (i.e., T = t), repeat step (6); the carbonization temperature t is the temperature required for the material to be carbonized, which can be determined by experiment and is generally between 450°C and 650°C.

[0043] Step (7), reducing the opening of the temperature regulating valve to reduce the cracking gas inside the combustion tube, and at the same time reducing the blower to reduce the amount of high-temperature flue gas generated in the high-temperature chamber, and repeating step (6);

[0044] Step (8), increasing the opening of the temperature regulating valve to increase the cracking gas inside the combustion tube, and at the same time increasing the blower to increase the amount of high-temperature flue gas generated in the high-temperature chamber, and repeating step (6).

[0045] From the above, it can be seen that the beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the existing vertical carbonization furnace are as follows:

[0046] 1. The bottom of the upper furnace body of the present invention forms an outer square annular cavity, the bottom of the gas distribution cone forms an inner circular cavity, and the bottom of the four inverted grooves forms a strip-shaped cavity. The above cavities are connected to each other, thereby forming a uniform gas distribution structure consisting of an outer square annular cavity, an inner circular cavity and four strip-shaped cavities; under the action of the above gas distribution structure, the heat source gas will be evenly distributed in the entire furnace body, ensuring that the material is heated evenly, and fundamentally eliminating the biased burning phenomenon commonly found in existing vertical carbonization furnaces.

[0047] 2. The anaerobic composite burner of the present invention can generate a heat source gas that is stable and controllable within a temperature range of 300°C to 1000°C and is oxygen-free, i.e., the oxygen-free heat source gas of the present invention. The carbon layer at the bottom of the vertical carbonization furnace is in contact with the oxygen-free heat source gas, which can effectively realize an oxygen-free dry distillation process with uniform temperature rise. The block carbonized material produced by the present invention has a higher mechanical strength and obtains a higher carbon yield than the existing carbonization furnace.

[0048] 3. The feed assembly of the present invention uses a two-stage sealer and a two-stage buffer bucket, and uses a special control method to drive the feed assembly to achieve sealed feeding, thereby ensuring the sealing problem of raw materials during feeding. The present invention also uses a heat source fan to send the heat source gas into the furnace body assembly at a positive pressure, thereby ensuring that the furnace body assembly is in a slightly positive pressure state during operation. The above measures effectively solve the negative pressure sealing problem commonly found in existing carbonization furnaces.

[0049] 4. The branch pipes designed in the present invention can adjust the amount of heat source gas entering the heating chamber, thereby increasing the temperature of the cracking gas and avoiding condensation of tar contained in the cracking gas, thereby overcoming the problem of tar blocking pipes commonly existing in existing carbonization furnaces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 2 It is a stereoscopic diagram of a diameter-variable deformation body according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an anaerobic compound combustion machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of an air distribution structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Description of the markings of the components in the figure:

[0055] Feeding assembly 1, furnace body assembly 2, charcoal discharge assembly 3, support assembly 4, heat source assembly 5, feeding hopper 6, primary sealer 7, primary buffer hopper 8, scraper 9, secondary sealer 10, secondary buffer hopper 11, variable diameter deformation body 12, heating chamber 13, gas distribution cone 14, branch pipe 15, water-cooled grate 16, upper furnace body 17, lower furnace body 18, cracking gas outlet 19, partition 20, heat source inlet 21, air valve 22, water-cooled pipe 23, charcoal collecting hopper 24, slag cooler 25, charcoal discharge sealer 26, ladder frame 27, corridor platform 28, bottom support frame 29, middle support frame 30, top support Rack 31, cracking gas pipeline 32, distributor 33, anaerobic composite burner 34, heat source fan 35, heat source pipeline 36, inlet 37, outlet I 38, outlet II 39, inverted groove 40, gas distribution chamber 41, temperature regulating valve 42, air jacket 43, blower 44, combustion tube 45, composite cavity 46, fuel mixing chamber 47, fuel gas port 48, flue gas port 49, igniter 50, high temperature chamber 51, fuel mixing tube 52, reduction motor 53, material level meter 54, bracket 55, inner jacket 56, paddle 57, decoking plate 58, annular cavity 59, inner circular cavity 60, strip cavity 61. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The vertical carbonization furnace technology and its beneficial effects provided by the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] See also Figure 1 A vertical carbonization furnace for preparing bamboo activated carbon block carbonization materials includes: a feeding component 1, a furnace body component 2, a carbon output component 3, a support component 4, and a heat source component 5.

[0059] Feeding assembly 1: This assembly is used to feed raw materials into the furnace, and specifically includes a feeding hopper 6, a primary sealer 7, a primary buffer hopper 8, a scraper 9, a secondary sealer 10, and a secondary buffer hopper 11.

[0060] Among them, the feed hopper 6 is a square cone with an upper wide mouth of 1.5 meters long and 1.5 meters wide, which is convenient for the rapid input of large amounts of raw materials; the lower closed mouth is 0.3 meters long and 0.3 meters wide, with a total height of 1.2 meters; the bottom of the cone is connected to a primary sealer 7.

[0061] The first-level sealer 7 uses a square fan with a diameter of 0.3 meters × 0.3 meters, which is installed on the top of the first-level buffer bucket 8. The square fan has excellent sealing performance and can effectively prevent the leakage of gas and dust.

[0062] The first-level buffer 8 is a cylindrical cabin with a diameter of 1.5 meters, a height of 1.8 meters, and a wall thickness of 5 mm, and has sufficient capacity to temporarily store raw materials.

[0063] The scraper 9 is a three-claw scraper with a scraping bottom diameter of Φ1.2 meters and a length of 0.8 meters, extending into the interior of the primary buffer bucket 8 to ensure that the raw materials can fall evenly and avoid bridging.

[0064] The secondary sealer 10 is a gate valve with a valve face size of 0.8 m*0.8 m, which is installed at the bottom of the primary buffer bucket 8 to control the flow of the raw materials into the secondary buffer bucket 11.

[0065] The secondary buffer hopper 11 is a cylindrical cabin with a diameter of 1.8 meters, a height of 2.5 meters, and a wall thickness of 5 mm. The top of the secondary buffer hopper 11 is connected to the secondary sealer 10, and the bottom of the secondary buffer hopper 11 is hollow and inserted into the top of the furnace body assembly 2, with a depth of about 2 meters, to ensure that the raw materials can enter the furnace smoothly.

[0066] Furnace body assembly 2: This assembly is the core part of the carbonization furnace, including a variable diameter deformation body 12, a heating chamber 13, a gas distribution cone 14, a branch pipe 15, and a water-cooled grate 16.

[0067] Among them, the variable diameter deformation body 12 refers to a furnace body with a round upper part and a small lower part, and a changed diameter and shape, including an upper furnace body 17 and a lower furnace body 18. A 20mm wide annular bracket 55 is arranged on the inner wall of the upper furnace body 17, and an inner jacket 56 with a diameter of 2.4 meters and a height of 1.5 meters is installed above the bracket 55. Four 300mm long paddles 57 are installed on the inner wall of the inner jacket 56. A gear is installed on the upper part of the inner jacket 56, and the gear is driven by a motor to slowly rotate the inner jacket 56 to stir the raw materials. The inner jacket 56 and the four paddles 57 will stir, which can effectively avoid bridging of the raw materials.

[0068] The heating chamber 13 is at the top of the upper furnace body 17. The heating chamber 13 is provided with a cracking gas outlet 19 and a partition 20. The partition 20 is provided with air holes, so that the heating chamber 13 is connected with the internal space of the upper furnace body 17. In this embodiment, the height of the heating chamber is 1.5 meters, and a circular opening of Φ500mm is provided on the side wall as the cracking gas outlet 19; the bottom of the heating chamber 13 is a 5mm thick partition 20, which is about 0.5 meters higher than the bottom of the secondary buffer hopper 11; the partition 20 is provided with 8 Φ300mm air holes, so that the heating chamber 13 is connected with the internal space of the upper furnace body 17.

[0069] The gas distribution cone 14 is a circular hollow inverted cone, which is fixed at the center of the lower part of the upper furnace body 17 through an inverted groove 40 to ensure that the heat source gas can be evenly distributed. The top of the gas distribution cone 14 is upward, the diameter of the cone bottom is 1 meter, the cone height is 0.8 meters, and the wall thickness is 5mm; the gas distribution cone 14 is supported by four inverted grooves 40 spaced 90 degrees from each other, and is placed at the center of the lower part of the upper furnace body 17 to ensure that the heat source gas can be evenly distributed. The three sides of the inverted groove 40 are 150mm wide and 0.75 meters long. One end is welded to the bottom of the gas distribution cone 14, and the other end is welded to the bottom of the upper furnace body 17. The four inverted grooves 40 are arranged in the direction of the four corners of the lower furnace body 18 respectively; the bottom edge of the upper furnace body 17 is provided with four 150mm×150mm square notches, so that the inverted groove 40 and the outer square annular cavity of the lower furnace body 18 are connected to each other.

[0070] The parallel branch pipe 15 is connected to the heating chamber 13 and is used to introduce the heat source gas. The parallel branch pipe 15 uses a Φ400mm 304 stainless steel pipe and is arranged in parallel outside the upper furnace body 17, with a distance of 0.5 meters from the upper furnace body 17; a Φ400mm round hole is opened at the corner of the diagonal position of the heat source inlet 21, and the parallel branch pipe 15 is welded. The top of the parallel branch pipe 15 is connected to the heating chamber 13 through a Φ400mm elbow, and a Φ400mm air valve 22 is set in the middle of the parallel branch pipe 15.

[0071] The water-cooled grate 16 is arranged at the bottom of the lower furnace body 18 and is composed of a plurality of parallel and rotatable water-cooling pipes 23. The water-cooled grate 16 is cooled by circulating water to prevent the carbonized material from overheating. In this embodiment, the water-cooled grate 16 is composed of 15 parallel and rotatable Φ100mm water-cooling pipes 23. The water-cooling pipes 23 are driven to rotate synchronously by Φ200mm sprockets. Both ends of the water-cooling pipes 23 are equipped with Φ100mm rotary joints, and circulating water is passed inside.

[0072] Carbon discharge assembly 3: This assembly is used to discharge the carbonized material out of the furnace, and includes a carbon collecting hopper 24, a slag cooler 25 and a carbon discharge sealer 26.

[0073] The carbon collecting hopper 24 is a square hopper with a large upper opening and a small lower closing size. A water cooling layer is provided on the outside to cool the carbonized material. In this embodiment, the upper opening of the carbon collecting hopper 24 is 3 meters long and 3 meters wide, the lower closing is 0.3 meters long and 0.3 meters wide, and the total height is 1.5 meters; the top square wide opening is connected to the bottom of the lower furnace body 18, and the lower closing is connected to the slag cooler 25.

[0074] The slag cooler 25 uses a Φ400mm water-cooled spiral discharger, and cooling water is passed through the outer wall and the central axis to reduce the temperature of the carbonized material.

[0075] The carbon discharge sealer 26 is a square air shut-off fan with a diameter of 0.3 m×0.3 m, which is installed at the outlet of the slag cooler 25 to ensure that the carbonized material is discharged from the furnace body and prevent the leakage of the heat source gas.

[0076] Support assembly 4: This assembly is used to support the weight of the entire carbonization furnace, including a ladder frame 27, a corridor platform 28, a bottom support frame 29, a middle support frame 30, and a top support frame 31.

[0077] The ladder frame 27 is arranged on the periphery of the furnace body assembly 2 to provide an auxiliary staircase for maintenance work.

[0078] The corridor platform 28 is connected to each support frame, which is convenient for the staff to inspect and operate. In this embodiment, there are 5 corridor platforms 28, one of which is connected to the bottom support frame 29, two are connected to the middle support frame 30, and two are connected to the top support frame 31.

[0079] The bottom support frame 29 has a total height of 2 meters and is disposed below the lower furnace body 18; the bottom is on the ground and the upper part is used to support the lower furnace body 18;

[0080] The middle support frame 30 is 6 meters high and is located above the bottom support frame 29. The upper furnace body 17 is connected to the middle support frame 30 through 16 hanging ears. The upper furnace body 17 cannot shake, but can be slightly extended and retracted up and down in the middle support frame 30 to effectively release the stress caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the furnace body.

[0081] The top support frame 31 has a total height of 3 meters and is disposed above the middle support frame 30 , and the feed assembly 1 is fixed by 8 lifting ears.

[0082] Heat source component 5: This component is used to provide the heat source required in the carbonization process, and specifically includes a cracking gas pipeline 32, a distributor 33, an anaerobic compound burner 34, a heat source fan 35, and a heat source pipeline 36.

[0083] The cracked gas pipeline 32 is a 304 stainless steel pipeline of Φ500 mm, one end of which is connected to the cracked gas outlet 19 to lead out the cracked gas, and the other end is connected to the distributor 33;

[0084] The distributor 33 is a 3-way branching device with an internal pipe diameter of Φ500mm and a gas valve inside to adjust the flow of the 3-way. The distributor 33 is provided with an inlet 37 and two outlets 38 and 39. The outlet 38 is connected to the anaerobic compound burner 33, and the outlet 39 discharges the excess cracking gas for use in other gas equipment, such as a gas boiler.

[0085] The anaerobic compound burner 34 is a device for controlling the temperature of the cracking gas to form oxygen-free heat source gas. The oxygen-free heat source gas refers to the heat energy gas generated during the combustion or pyrolysis process and containing less or almost no oxygen.

[0086] Heat source fan 35 uses a flow rate of 25000m 3 / h, a high-temperature centrifugal fan with a total pressure of 3000Pa, 500°C, and 35KW is connected in series in the cracking gas pipeline 32 to provide power for the flow of cracking gas and heat source gas.

[0087] The heat source pipeline 36 is a Φ600 mm 304 stainless steel pipeline, one end of which is connected to the outlet of the anaerobic compound burner 34 to deliver the heat source gas to the heat source inlet 21 of the furnace body assembly 2 .

[0088] See also Figure 2 , is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a variable diameter deformation body according to an embodiment of the present invention. The variable diameter deformation body 12 refers to a special furnace body structure with a round upper part and a square lower part, a small upper part and a large lower part, and a changed diameter and shape, and includes an upper furnace body 17 and a lower furnace body 18.

[0089] Among them, the upper furnace body 17 is a vertical hollow cylindrical cabin with a diameter of 2.5 meters, a height of 5 meters, a wall thickness of 8 mm, and is wrapped with 100 mm thick insulation cotton on the outside to improve thermal efficiency; the bottom of the upper furnace body 17 is hollow and inserted into the top of the lower furnace body 18 by 0.2 meters.

[0090] The lower furnace body 18 is a hollow square columnar cabin, the side length of the square column is 3 meters, the height is 1 meter, and the wall thickness is 8mm. A 600mm round hole is opened at one of the four corners of the lower furnace body 18 as a heat source inlet 21.

[0091] See also Figure 3 , which is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anaerobic compound burner of an embodiment of the present invention. The anaerobic compound burner 34 is a device for controlling the temperature of the cracking gas and forming oxygen-free heat source gas, including a gas distribution chamber 41, a temperature regulating valve 42, an air jacket 43, a blower 44, a combustion tube 45, a compound chamber 46, and a combustion mixing chamber 47.

[0092] Among them, the gas separation chamber 41 is a circular hollow tube with a diameter of Φ800mm and a length of 2 meters. The gas separation chamber 41 is filled with cracking gas. One end of the gas separation chamber 41 is a Φ500 inlet, which is directly connected to the outlet Ⅰ38 of the distributor 33 to introduce the cracking gas, and the other end is connected to the combustion mixing chamber 47.

[0093] The thermostatic valve 42 is a Φ200mm high-temperature butterfly valve, one end of which is placed in the cavity of the gas separation chamber 41 to extract the cracking gas; the other end is connected to the gas port 48 of the combustion tube 45; the opening of the thermostatic valve 42 can adjust the extraction amount of the cracking gas.

[0094] The air jacket 43 is a circular cavity, which is wrapped around the outside of the combustion tube 45 and supplies combustion air to the combustion tube 45. The air jacket 43 has a diameter of 500 mm and a length of 400 mm.

[0095] The blower 44 is a low-pressure centrifugal blower with a flow rate of 8000m3 / h, a total pressure of 500Pa, and a power of 5.5KW. The blower 44 is connected to the air jacket 43 to blow air in.

[0096] The combustion tube 45 is a Φ200mm high-temperature metal tube with a wall thickness of 10mm and a length of 500mm; one end of the combustion tube 45 is connected to the gas port 48, and the other end ejects high-temperature flue gas through the flue gas port 49; the outer wall of the combustion tube 45 is provided with an array of 400 pores, which is conducive to the full mixing and combustion of air and cracking gas, and an electronic igniter 50 is arranged inside the combustion tube 45.

[0097] The composite chamber 46 has a diameter of Φ500 mm and a length of 1 meter, and includes two parts: a high temperature chamber 51 and a fuel mixing tube 52. The high temperature chamber 51 is a high temperature cavity with a diameter of Φ500 mm, and the outer wall is cast with high temperature refractory cement. The high temperature flue gas from the combustion tube 45 is sprayed into the high temperature chamber 51 to form a high temperature environment of about 1000°C. The outer wall of the fuel mixing tube 52 is provided with an array of about 200 pores. The high temperature flue gas forms a high temperature environment in the high temperature chamber 51, and is mixed with the cracked gas in the fuel mixing tube 52.

[0098] The combustion and mixing chamber 47 is a high-temperature cavity with a diameter of Φ800mm and a length of 500mm. The high-temperature flue gas and the cracking gas in the combustion and mixing chamber 47 are fully combusted and mixed to form a temperature-controllable and oxygen-free heat source gas. The temperature range of the heat source gas is 300℃~1000℃. A thermometer is also provided inside the combustion and mixing chamber 47 to detect the temperature of the heat source gas. A decoking plate 58 is also provided at the outlet of the combustion and mixing chamber 47. The decoking plate 58 is made of a nickel alloy-calcium oxide plate as a tar cracking catalyst.

[0099] See also Figure 4 , which is a schematic diagram of the gas distribution structure of an embodiment of the present invention. The bottom of the upper furnace body 17 forms an outer square annular cavity 59; the bottom of the gas distribution cone 14 forms an inner circular cavity 60; and the bottoms of the four inverted grooves 40 form a strip-shaped cavity 61. The above cavities are interconnected to form a cavity at the bottom of the furnace body. Figure 4 As shown, the uniform gas distribution structure is composed of an outer square annular cavity 59, an inner circular cavity 60 and four strip cavities 61. After the heat source gas enters the cavity from the heat source inlet 21, it is evenly distributed throughout the bottom of the furnace body, thereby ensuring that the material is heated evenly.

[0100] Example 2

[0101] In this embodiment, combined with the implementation of the control method of the present invention, the driving feeding component 1 to achieve sealed feeding is further described in detail, including the following steps:

[0102] Step 1, turning on the power of the primary sealer 7 to allow the raw materials to enter the primary buffer 8;

[0103] Step 2, use the XLD8105-50 cycloidal pinwheel reducer with a speed ratio of 50 to drive the scraper 9. The normal load of the reduction motor 53 is about 1.2KW. Measure the load of the reduction motor 53. If the measured load value is greater than 1.5KW, it indicates that there may be a blockage or overload, then execute step 3, otherwise continue to execute step 1;

[0104] Step 3, set the UZK40 rotary level meter 54 at a height of 1 meter in the secondary buffer 11. Monitor the signal of the level meter 54. If the material level of the raw material is too high, turn off the power of the primary sealer 7 to prevent blockage or overflow caused by excessive accumulation. Repeat step 3 until the material level returns to normal or other treatment measures are taken, otherwise go to step 4;

[0105] Step 4, when it is confirmed that the raw materials in the primary buffer bucket 8 have been safely and appropriately accumulated, the gate valve 10 is opened to allow all the raw materials in the primary buffer bucket 8 to fall into the secondary buffer bucket 11 as a whole;

[0106] Step 5, after the raw material transfer is completed, close the gate valve 10 and repeat step 1; restart a new feeding cycle to ensure the continuity and stability of the entire system.

[0107] Example 3

[0108] In this embodiment, carbonized bamboo chips are taken as an example, and combined with the implementation method of the control method of the present invention, the process of driving the anaerobic composite burner 34 to achieve controlled heating of the cracking gas is further described in detail, including the following steps:

[0109] Step 1, open the thermostatic valve 42 to allow the preheated pyrolysis gas in the gas separation chamber 41 to enter the combustion tube 45;

[0110] Step 2, start the blower 44, so that the air passes through the air jacket 43, and then enters the combustion tube 45 through the pore array on the combustion tube 45; the 200°C cracked gas and the air are fully mixed in the combustion tube 45;

[0111] Step 3, turning on the electronic igniter 50 inside the combustion tube 45 to ignite the mixture of the cracked gas and the air, and the cracked gas and the air are burned with oxygen in the high temperature chamber 51 to generate high temperature flue gas of about 1000° C.;

[0112] Step 4, the high-temperature flue gas enters the fuel mixing tube 52 through the high-temperature chamber 51, and the cracked gas enters the fuel mixing tube 52 through the gas distribution chamber 41 and the pore array on the outer wall of the fuel mixing tube 52;

[0113] Step 5, the 1000°C high-temperature flue gas and the 200°C cracking gas are mixed in the combustion mixing tube 52 and the combustion mixing chamber 47 to generate oxygen-free heat source gas; the combustion mixing in this process is a form of incomplete combustion, which uses the high-temperature flue gas as an oxidant and the cracking gas as a fuel; the purpose of the combustion mixing is to consume the oxygen content in the high-temperature flue gas, and the product is oxygen-free heat source gas; the temperature of the heat source gas generated by the combustion mixing in the combustion mixing chamber 47 must be between the high-temperature flue gas temperature of 1000°C and the cracking gas temperature of 200°C;

[0114] Step 6, in this embodiment, the carbonization temperature t of the carbonized bamboo chips is 500°C after experimental determination. The temperature T of the heat source gas is detected every 1 minute. If the measured temperature T of the heat source gas is greater than 500°C, step 7 is performed to reduce the temperature of the heat source gas; if the temperature T of the heat source gas is less than 500°C, step 8 is performed to increase the temperature of the heat source gas; if the temperature T of the heat source gas is about 500°C (within the allowable error range), step 6 is repeated;

[0115] Step 7, if the temperature T of the heat source gas is too high, reduce the opening of the temperature regulating valve 42 by 5% to reduce the amount of cracking gas inside the combustion tube 45, and correspondingly reduce the speed of the blower 44 by 5% to reduce the amount of high-temperature flue gas generated in the high-temperature chamber 51, and repeat step 6; the principle of this step is: reducing the amount of high-temperature flue gas will inevitably cause the combustion mixture temperature to drop, thereby reducing the temperature T of the heat source gas; and vice versa.

[0116] Step 8: If the temperature T of the heat source gas is too low, the opening of the thermostatic valve 42 is increased by 5% to increase the amount of cracked gas in the combustion tube 45, and the speed of the blower 44 is correspondingly increased by 5% to increase the amount of high-temperature flue gas generated in the high-temperature chamber 51, and step 6 is repeated. This step is intended to increase the temperature of the heat source gas by increasing the combustion reactants.

[0117] The present invention realizes controlled temperature rise of cracking gas by precisely controlling the anaerobic compound burner 34, and can generate stable, controllable and oxygen-free heat source gas in the temperature range of 300°C to 1000°C, providing an ideal heat source for the carbonization process. The carbonization temperature can be precisely adjusted according to the material requirements to ensure the stability and consistency of the carbonization quality, and improve the carbonization efficiency and product quality. The furnace body assembly 2 adopts a variable diameter deformation body 12 design to form a uniform gas distribution structure consisting of an outer square annular cavity 59 to an inner circular cavity 60 plus four strip cavities 61, which effectively improves the distribution uniformity and heat transfer efficiency of the heat source. The design of the parallel branch pipe 15 allows the amount of heat source gas entering the upper furnace body 17 to be adjusted, further enhancing the flexibility and controllability of the heat source. The feed assembly 1 realizes gas sealing and continuous supply of raw materials through the primary sealer 7 and the secondary sealer 10 to avoid raw material leakage and gas pollution. The use of the scraper 9 ensures that the raw materials are evenly distributed in the first-level buffer 8, and the height of the raw materials can be judged by monitoring the load of the reduction motor 53 to achieve automatic feeding control. The carbon discharge assembly 3 realizes continuous cooling and discharge of the carbonized material through the carbon collecting hopper 24, the slag cooler 25 and the carbon discharge sealer 26, while preventing the leakage of the heat source gas. The furnace body assembly 2 allows a small expansion and contraction of the furnace body during the heating process through the design of the lifting lug and the middle support frame 30, eliminating the influence of thermal expansion and contraction on the stability of the equipment. The design of the water-cooled grate 16 and the water-cooled spiral effectively reduces the temperature of the equipment and improves the safety and service life of the equipment. The high-temperature chamber 51 and the combustion mixing chamber 47 inside the anaerobic compound burner 34 use refractory insulation materials and thermometers to ensure the stable generation and safe discharge of the heat source gas.

[0118] The present invention reduces energy consumption and waste gas emissions by precisely controlling the carbonization temperature and the generation of heat source gas, thereby meeting environmental protection requirements. The pyrolysis gas is fully utilized as fuel, reducing dependence on external energy and improving energy utilization efficiency. The design of the negative pressure dust removal pipe effectively extracts and burns leaked dust and pyrolysis gas, further reducing environmental pollution.

[0119] In summary, the vertical carbonization furnace and the control method thereof of the present invention show significant technical advantages and effects in terms of carbonization efficiency, quality control, equipment stability, safety, environmental protection and energy saving, and production capacity regulation.

[0120] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be considered to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical carbonization furnace for preparing bamboo activated carbon block carbonization material, characterized in that include: A feed assembly (1), a furnace body assembly (2), a charcoal discharge assembly (3), a support assembly (4), and a heat source assembly (5); The feed assembly (1) comprises a feed hopper (6), a primary sealer (7), a primary buffer hopper (8), a scraper (9), a secondary sealer (10), and a secondary buffer hopper (11); the bottom of the feed hopper (6) is connected to the primary sealer (7); the primary sealer (7) is mounted on the top of the primary buffer hopper (8); the scraper (9) is mounted inside the primary buffer hopper (8); the bottom of the primary buffer hopper (8) is equipped with a secondary sealer (10); the secondary sealer (10) is mounted on the top of the secondary buffer hopper (11); the bottom of the secondary buffer hopper (11) is hollow and is inserted into the interior of the secondary buffer hopper by the top of the furnace body assembly (2); The furnace body assembly (2) comprises a diameter-changing deformation body (12), a heating chamber (13), a gas distribution cone (14), a branch pipe (15), and a water-cooled grate (16). The diameter-changing deformation body (12) refers to a furnace body with a round upper part and a square lower part, a small upper part and a large lower part, and a changed diameter and shape, and comprises an upper furnace body (17) and a lower furnace body (18). The upper furnace body (17) is a vertical hollow cylindrical structure, and is wrapped with a heat-insulating material on the outside. The heating chamber (13) is arranged on the top of the upper furnace body (17) and is provided with a cracking gas outlet (19) to lead out the cracking gas. The bottom of the heating chamber (13) is connected to the upper furnace body (17) through a partition (20). The position of the partition (20) is higher than the lower end surface of the secondary buffer bucket (11). The partition (20) is provided with air holes so that the heating chamber (13) is connected to the internal space of the upper furnace body (17). The lower furnace body (18) ) is a hollow square column structure, and the side length of the square column is greater than the diameter of the upper furnace body (17); the bottom of the upper furnace body (17) is hollow, and the top of the lower furnace body (18) is inserted into it, so that the bottom of the upper furnace body (17) is lower than the top of the lower furnace body (18); one of the four corners of the lower furnace body (18) is provided with a heat source inlet (21); the parallel branch pipe (15) is arranged in parallel outside the upper furnace body (17); the bottom of the parallel branch pipe (15) is connected to one of the four corners of the lower furnace body (18); the top of the parallel branch pipe (15) is connected to the heating chamber (13); a wind valve (22) is arranged in the middle; the water-cooling grate (16) is arranged at the bottom of the lower furnace body (18); the water-cooling grate (16) is composed of a plurality of parallel and rotatable water-cooling pipes (23); the water-cooling pipes (23) are driven to rotate synchronously by sprockets; and circulating water is arranged inside the water-cooling pipes (23); The carbon discharge assembly (3) comprises a carbon collecting hopper (24), a slag cooler (25) and a carbon discharge sealer (26). The carbon collecting hopper (24) is a square hopper, and a water-cooling interlayer or a heat-insulating interlayer is arranged on the outside. The square opening at the top is connected to the bottom of the lower furnace body (18), and the lower end is closed and connected to the slag cooler (25). The slag cooler (25) cools the carbonized material. The outlet of the slag cooler (25) is connected to the carbon discharge sealer (26). The carbon discharge sealer (26) discharges the carbonized material out of the furnace body and prevents leakage of heat source gas. The support assembly (4) comprises a ladder frame (27), a corridor platform (28), a bottom support frame (29), a middle support frame (30), and a top support frame (31); the ladder frame (27) is arranged at the periphery of the furnace body assembly (2) to provide an auxiliary staircase for maintenance work; a plurality of corridor platforms (28) are arranged between the ladder frame (27) and the bottom support frame (29), the middle support frame (30), and the top support frame (31); the bottom support frame (29) is arranged below the lower furnace body (18) to support the lower furnace body (18); the middle support frame (30) is arranged above the bottom support frame (29); the upper furnace body (17) is connected to the middle support frame (30) through a plurality of lifting ears to prevent shaking, and can be slightly extended and retracted up and down in the middle support frame (30); the top support frame (31) is arranged above the middle support frame (30) to set the feeding assembly (1); The heat source component (5) comprises a cracking gas pipeline (32), a distributor (33), an anaerobic composite burner (34), a heat source blower (35), and a heat source pipeline (36). The cracking gas pipeline (32) is used to lead out the cracking gas generated by the furnace body component (2). One end of the cracking gas pipeline (32) is connected to the cracking gas outlet (19), and the other end is connected to the distributor (33). The distributor (33) comprises an inlet (37), an outlet I (38), and an outlet II (39). A gas valve is arranged inside the distributor (33) to control the outlet. The ratio of the gases flowing out of the outlet I (38) and the outlet II (39) of the distributor is such that the outlet I (38) of the distributor is connected to the anaerobic compound burner (33), and the outlet II (39) of the distributor is connected to the gas using equipment. The anaerobic compound burner (34) is connected to the heat source inlet (21) through the heat source pipeline (36) to deliver the heat source gas into the furnace body assembly (2). The heat source fan (35) is connected in series to the cracking gas pipeline (32) or the heat source pipeline (36) to provide power for the flow of the cracking gas and the heat source gas.

2. A vertical carbonization furnace for preparing bamboo activated carbon block carbonization material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The gas distribution cone (14) is an inverted cone structure, with the top of the cone facing upwards, and is supported by a plurality of inverted grooves (40) as oblique supports, and is placed at the center of the lower part of the upper furnace body (17). The other end of the inverted groove (40) is welded to the bottom of the upper furnace body (17), and a plurality of notches are also provided on the bottom edge of the upper furnace body (17), so that the inverted groove (40) is connected to the outer square annular cavity of the lower furnace body (18); preferably, the gas distribution cone (14) is an inverted circular cone structure; preferably, the number of the inverted grooves (40) is four and they are spaced 90 degrees apart from each other; the four inverted grooves (40) are arranged in the direction of the four corners of the lower furnace body (18).

3. A vertical carbonization furnace for preparing bamboo activated carbon block carbonization material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The anaerobic compound burner (34) is a device for controlling the temperature of cracked gas and forming oxygen-free heat source gas, comprising a gas separation chamber (41), a temperature regulating valve (42), an air jacket (43), a blower (44), a combustion tube (45), a compound cavity (46), and a combustion mixing chamber (47). The gas separation chamber (41) is a cavity structure filled with cracked gas. One end of the gas separation chamber (41) is connected to the outlet I (38) of the distributor (33) to introduce the cracked gas, and the other end is connected to the combustion mixing chamber (47). The temperature regulating valve (42), the air jacket (43), the combustion tube (45) and the compound cavity (46) are interconnected and placed in the cavity of the gas separation chamber (41). One end of the temperature regulating valve (42) is placed in the cavity of the gas separation chamber (41) to extract the cracked gas, and the other end is connected to the gas outlet (48) of the combustion tube (45) to introduce the cracked gas. 5) has a gas outlet (48) at one end and a smoke outlet (49) at the other end. An igniter (50) is arranged inside the combustion tube (45). The outer wall of the combustion tube (45) is provided with an array of air holes and is placed in an air jacket (43). The air jacket (43) is connected to a blower (44) to blow air in. The composite cavity (46) comprises a high temperature chamber (51) and a fuel mixing tube (52). The outer wall of the high temperature chamber (51) is provided with a refractory heat-insulating material, and the interior is connected to the fuel mixing tube (52). The smoke outlet (49) of the combustion tube (45) is inserted into the high temperature chamber (51). The outer wall of the fuel mixing tube (52) is provided with an array of air holes. The fuel mixing tube (52) is inserted into the fuel mixing chamber (47). Oxygen-free heat source gas is formed in the fuel mixing chamber (47). The outlet of the fuel mixing chamber (47) is connected to a heat source pipeline (36) to lead out the heat source gas.

4. A vertical carbonization furnace for preparing bamboo activated carbon block carbonization material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding assembly (1) is driven by the following control method to achieve sealed feeding: Step (1), opening or rotating the primary sealer (7) to allow the raw materials to enter the primary buffer bucket (8); Step (2), the scraper (9) is driven by the reduction motor (53), and the load of the reduction motor (53) is monitored. If the load of the reduction motor (53) increases, step (3) is executed, otherwise step (1) is continued; Step (3), a material level meter (54) is provided in the secondary buffer bucket (11), and the material level meter (54) is monitored. If the material in the secondary buffer bucket (11) is too high, the primary sealer (7) is closed or stopped and step (3) is repeated; otherwise, step (4) is executed; Step (4), opening the secondary sealer (10) to allow all the raw materials in the primary buffer bucket (8) to fall into the secondary buffer bucket (11); Step (5), close the secondary sealer (10) and repeat step (1).

5. A vertical carbonization furnace for preparing bamboo activated carbon block carbonization material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the upper furnace body (17) is provided with annularly distributed brackets (55), and an inner jacket (56) is supported above the brackets (55). A plurality of paddles (57) are installed on the inner wall of the inner jacket (56). Driven by a motor, the inner jacket (56) slowly rotates or reciprocates inside the upper furnace body (17), so that the raw materials in the inner jacket (56), the paddles (57) and the raw materials in the upper furnace body (17) are stirred in an alternating manner to avoid bridging of the raw materials.

6. A vertical carbonization furnace for preparing bamboo activated carbon block carbonization material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The heat source inlet (21) is diagonally distributed with respect to the bottom of the branch pipe (15); and the cracked gas outlet (19) is diagonally distributed with respect to the top of the branch pipe (15).

7. A vertical carbonization furnace for preparing bamboo activated carbon block carbonization material as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: A thermometer is also provided inside the combustion and mixing chamber (47) for detecting the temperature of the heat source gas. A decoking plate (58) is also provided at the outlet of the combustion and mixing chamber (47) for cracking the tar components contained in the heat source gas. The decoking plate (58) serves as a tar cracking catalyst.

8. A vertical carbonization furnace for preparing bamboo activated carbon block carbonization material as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The decoking plate (58) is a nickel alloy-calcium oxide plate.

9. A vertical carbonization furnace for preparing bamboo activated carbon block carbonization material as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The anaerobic compound burner (34) is driven by the following control method to achieve controlled temperature increase of the cracking gas: Step (1), opening the temperature regulating valve (42) to allow the cracked gas in the gas separation chamber (41) to enter the combustion tube (45); Step (2), turning on the blower (44) to allow air to pass through the air jacket (43) and then enter the combustion tube (45) through the air hole array of the combustion tube (45); Step (3), turning on the igniter (50) inside the combustion tube (45), the cracked gas and air are subjected to oxygen combustion, and high-temperature flue gas is generated in the high-temperature chamber (51); Step (4), the high-temperature flue gas enters the fuel mixing tube (52) through the high-temperature chamber (51), and the cracked gas enters the fuel mixing tube (52) through the gas distribution chamber (41) and the pore array on the outer wall of the fuel mixing tube (52); Step (5), the high-temperature flue gas and the cracking gas are mixed in the mixing tube (52) and the mixing chamber (47) to generate heat source gas; the mixing is a form of incomplete combustion, with the high-temperature flue gas as an oxidant and the cracking gas as a fuel, the purpose of the mixing is to consume the oxygen content in the high-temperature flue gas, and the product is oxygen-free heat source gas, and the temperature of the heat source gas generated by the mixing must meet a constraint condition between the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas and the temperature of the cracking gas; Step (6), regularly detecting the temperature T of the heat source gas, if the temperature T of the heat source gas is greater than the carbonization temperature t, that is, T>t, then proceeding to step (7); if the temperature T of the heat source gas is less than the carbonization temperature t, that is, T<t, then proceeding to step (8); if the temperature T of the heat source gas is equal to the carbonization temperature t, that is, T=t, then repeating step (6); the carbonization temperature t is the temperature required for the material to be carbonized, which is determined by experiment; Step (7), adjusting the opening of the temperature regulating valve (42) to reduce the amount of cracked gas inside the combustion tube (45), and at the same time adjusting the blower (44) to reduce the amount of high-temperature flue gas generated in the high-temperature chamber (51), and repeating step (6); Step (8), increasing the opening of the temperature regulating valve (42) to increase the amount of cracked gas inside the combustion tube (45), and at the same time increasing the blower (44) to increase the amount of high-temperature flue gas generated in the high-temperature chamber (51), and repeating step (6).

10. A vertical carbonization furnace for preparing bamboo activated carbon block carbonization material as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the lower furnace body (18) forms an outer square annular cavity (59); the bottom of the gas distribution cone (14) forms an inner circular cavity (60); the bottoms of the four inverted grooves (40) form a strip-shaped cavity (61), and the above-mentioned cavities are interconnected to form a uniform gas distribution structure consisting of the outer square annular cavity (59), the inner circular cavity (60) and the four strip-shaped cavities (61) at the bottom of the furnace body.

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