Small solid hydrogen storage tank for hydrogen energy electric bicycle and heating device of small solid hydrogen storage tank

Abstract

The invention discloses a small solid hydrogen storage tank for a hydrogen energy electric bicycle and a heating device of the small solid hydrogen storage tank, a columnar containing groove is formed in the center of the bottom of a tank body of the solid hydrogen storage tank, the heating device comprises a tank body mounting base and a heating assembly arranged on the tank body mounting base, and when the solid hydrogen storage tank is placed on the tank body mounting base, the heating assembly is arranged on the tank body mounting base. The heating assembly is inserted into the accommodating groove; the heating assembly comprises an electric heating rod and a heat exchange assembly taking galvanic pile cooling liquid as a heat source; the containing groove used for heating is formed in the bottom of the tank body, the tank body can be heated from the interior, energy dissipation is low, and the utilization rate is high; the boss of the tank body mounting base can limit and fix the solid hydrogen storage tank, and can seal the accommodating groove so as to reduce heat dissipation in the accommodating groove; moreover, the core heating part of the thermal management system is concentrated on the heating device, so that the volume is small, the solid hydrogen storage tank can be fixed, and the thermal management system is very suitable for the compact and narrow structural layout of the hydrogen energy electric bicycle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cells, and in particular to a small solid-state hydrogen storage tank for a hydrogen-powered electric bicycle and a heating device thereof. Background Art

[0002] As hydrogen fuel cells and their supporting technologies mature, the industrialization and large-scale application of hydrogen energy is imminent. Hydrogen fuel cells have a natural advantage over lithium batteries in terms of power due to their high output power, and have gradually begun to be used in transportation vehicles that require high power output, such as freight vehicles. Freight vehicles can be equipped with high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage tanks or even low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage tanks due to their large space, which also means that a huge storage and management lighting system is required, making it impossible to use such hydrogen fuel cells on small devices. With the development of solid-state hydrogen storage material technology that uses solid hydrogen storage materials to absorb hydrogen, the application of hydrogen fuel cells in cars and even electric bicycles has become possible.

[0003] Solid hydrogen storage materials generally use hydrogen storage tanks filled with powdered hydrogen storage materials to achieve the purpose of hydrogen storage. When the hydrogen fuel cell stack is running, the solid hydrogen storage tank can be thermally managed to stabilize it in the hydrogen release range temperature, so that the solid hydrogen storage tank can release hydrogen more stably. Since hydrogen release requires heat absorption, it is generally necessary to equip the solid hydrogen storage tank with a corresponding thermal management system so that the solid hydrogen storage tank can release hydrogen stably. The pipelines and electric heating devices of the thermal management system need to occupy a certain space and consume corresponding electricity. Therefore, how to increase the economy of the thermal management system of the solid hydrogen storage tank, improve the comprehensive energy efficiency utilization rate, and reduce the space occupied by the thermal management system is an urgent problem to be solved for the miniaturization of hydrogen fuel cells and their application in electric bicycles.

[0004] Patent CN111430754A discloses a solid-state hydrogen storage waste heat recovery device for a hydrogen fuel cell, which utilizes the cathode tail gas preheating of the stack to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage cylinder, and can solve the problems of the existing fuel cell system's solid-state hydrogen storage waste heat recovery structure being complex, the waste heat recovery efficiency being low, and the unstable release of hydrogen. Patent CN117096402A discloses a solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell system that utilizes waste heat from tail gas treatment, and utilizes the waste heat from the catalytic combustion of tail exhaust hydrogen from the tail gas processor to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage cylinder, making the most of the chemical energy and thermal energy of hydrogen input to the fuel cell system, reducing dependence on auxiliary batteries, and improving the comprehensive utilization rate of hydrogen energy.

[0005] The above invention scheme guides the waste heat of the battery stack exhaust gas to the periphery to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage tank, which requires the support of corresponding containment, protection, support and other equipment, resulting in the thermal management system for the solid-state hydrogen storage tank requiring a large volume and complex design, which is not suitable for use in hydrogen-powered electric bicycles with smaller storage space; and, in order to increase the battery stack life of hydrogen-powered electric bicycles, the industry is increasingly tending to liquid cooling for the cooling method of the battery stack, which results in the low temperature of the battery stack exhaust gas, and the thermal utilization value of the battery stack exhaust gas in the liquid cooling mode is low.

[0006] In view of this, it is necessary to design a waste heat recovery device that is more suitable for hydrogen-powered electric bicycles in liquid cooling mode and a matching small solid-state hydrogen storage tank. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a small solid-state hydrogen storage tank and a heating device for a hydrogen-powered electric bicycle in view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: in the first aspect of the present invention, a small solid-state hydrogen storage tank for a hydrogen-powered electric bicycle is provided, and a columnar receiving groove is provided at the center of the bottom of the tank body of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank, and the receiving groove is a cylindrical groove arranged along the axis of the tank body of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank; the inner wall of the receiving groove has a heat exchange surface for transferring heat to the solid-state hydrogen storage tank.

[0009] Preferably, the depth of the containing tank is not less than 1 / 3 of the height of the tank body of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank; the diameter of the containing tank is not greater than 1 / 2 of the diameter of the tank body of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank.

[0010] Preferably, the inner surface of the containing tank is provided with fins for increasing the heat exchange area.

[0011] The second aspect of the present invention provides a heating device for the small solid-state hydrogen storage tank for the hydrogen-powered electric bicycle, comprising a tank mounting base and a heating component arranged on the tank mounting base. When the solid-state hydrogen storage tank is placed on the tank mounting base, the heating component is inserted into the receiving groove; the heating component comprises an electric heating rod and a heat exchange component using the battery stack coolant as a heat source.

[0012] Preferably, the upper portion of the tank body mounting base is a boss matched with the inner diameter of the groove, and the lower portion is a mounting base; when the solid hydrogen storage tank is placed on the tank body mounting base, the boss forms a blockage on the bottom of the containing groove.

[0013] Preferably, the heat exchange component includes a heat exchange part composed of a spiral tube or a bent tube, the liquid inlet end of the heat exchange part is provided with a liquid inlet pipe, and the liquid outlet end is provided with a liquid outlet pipe, the fuel cell stack coolant flows into the heat exchange part through the liquid inlet pipe, and the waste heat of the fuel cell stack coolant is conducted to the solid hydrogen storage tank through the heat exchange surface.

[0014] Preferably, the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe both extend from the tank mounting base; the liquid inlet pipe is connected to the stack coolant, and the liquid outlet pipe is connected to other pipelines.

[0015] Preferably, the electric heating rod is arranged outside the heat exchange assembly; when the solid hydrogen storage tank is placed on the tank mounting base, the electric heating rod is in contact with the inner wall of the containing tank or the distance is less than 5 mm.

[0016] Preferably, the electric heating rods have multiple ones evenly arranged around the axis of the tank mounting base. If the inner surface of the receiving tank is radially arranged with multiple strip fins, when the solid hydrogen storage tank is placed on the tank mounting base, the electric heating rod is inserted between two adjacent fins.

[0017] Preferably, a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature in the containing tank is provided on the boss.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] 1. The small solid-state hydrogen storage tank for hydrogen-powered electric bicycles provided by the present invention has a receiving groove for heating at the bottom of the tank body, so that the tank body can be heated from the inside (middle). Compared with ordinary solid-state hydrogen storage tanks that can only be heated from the outside, most of the heat energy is absorbed by the solid-state hydrogen storage tank, so the energy dissipation is small and the utilization rate is high. In addition, since the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle is heated from the inside, the large or complicated heating (thermal management) system caused by heating from the outside is avoided, and it is more suitable for the narrow layout space in the hydrogen-powered electric bicycle.

[0020] 2. The setting of the holding tank has little effect on the overall structure of the tank and the filling amount of the solid hydrogen storage material. The holding tank is inserted into the middle of the solid hydrogen storage material and heating starts from the center, which makes the heating more uniform and the solid hydrogen storage material responds quickly to hydrogen release.

[0021] 3. By setting a heating device that matches the receiving tank and using the stack coolant as a heat source, the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell is improved, the power loss used to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage tank is reduced, and the radiator of the thermal management system does not need a high heat dissipation power, thereby reducing the overall energy consumption; the stack coolant can transfer the waste heat to the solid-state hydrogen storage tank more fully through the receiving tank; at the same time, the electric heating rod is used as an auxiliary to assist in the heating of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank in cold weather and at the initial stage of the stack startup, thereby ensuring the stable output of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank.

[0022] 4. The boss of the tank mounting base can limit and fix the solid hydrogen storage tank, and can also seal the containing tank to reduce heat dissipation in the containing tank.

[0023] 5. The core heating part of the thermal management system is concentrated on the heating device, which is compact and can also fix the solid-state hydrogen storage tank, making it very suitable for the compact and narrow structural layout of hydrogen-powered electric bicycles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of a small solid-state hydrogen storage tank and a heating device for a hydrogen-powered electric bicycle is shown in the figure; wherein the arrow direction in the figure shows the flow direction of the stack coolant;

[0025] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the structure of a small solid-state hydrogen storage tank for a hydrogen-powered electric bicycle, the storage tank of which has strip-shaped fins.

[0026] Explanation of the reference numerals: solid hydrogen storage tank 1, containing tank 2, heat exchange surface 201, fin 202, tank mounting base 3, boss 301, mounting base plate 302, heat exchange assembly 4, liquid inlet pipe 401, heat exchange part 402, liquid outlet pipe 403, electric heating rod 5, temperature sensor 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0028] It should be understood that the terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0029] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a small solid-state hydrogen storage tank for a hydrogen-powered electric bicycle is provided with a columnar receiving groove 2 at the center of the bottom of the tank body of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 1, and the receiving groove 2 is a cylindrical groove arranged along the axis of the tank body of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank; the inner wall of the receiving groove 2 has a heat exchange surface 201 for transferring heat to the solid-state hydrogen storage tank. The tank body of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank with the receiving groove 2 can be manufactured by stamping, casting, welding, etc.

[0030] The depth of the receiving tank 2 is not less than 1 / 3 of the height of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank body; the diameter of the receiving tank 2 is not greater than 1 / 2 of the diameter of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank body. The greater the depth of the receiving tank 2, the deeper it can be inserted into the solid-state hydrogen storage material, and the more uniform the heating of the solid-state hydrogen storage material. The larger the diameter of the receiving tank 2, the greater the impact on the internal volume of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank. The diameter of the receiving tank 2 is preferably about 1 / 3 of the diameter of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank body.

[0031] The inner surface of the receiving tank 2 is provided with fins 202 for increasing the area of ​​the heat exchange surface 201. The fins 202 can be annular fins arranged up and down along the inner wall of the receiving tank 2, or strip fins arranged around the axis of the solid hydrogen storage tank.

[0032] A heating device for the small solid-state hydrogen storage tank for the hydrogen-powered electric bicycle is suitable for a thermal management system in a liquid cooling mode, comprising a tank mounting base 3 and a heating component arranged on the tank mounting base 3. When the solid-state hydrogen storage tank is placed on the tank mounting base 3, the heating component is inserted into the receiving groove 2; the heating component comprises an electric heating rod 5 and a heat exchange component 4 using the stack coolant as a heat source.

[0033] The upper part of the tank body mounting base 3 is a boss 301 adapted to the inner diameter of the groove, and the lower part is a mounting base 302; when the solid hydrogen storage tank is placed on the tank body mounting base 3, the boss 301 forms a blockage on the bottom of the receiving tank 2. The boss 301 serves as a fixed base of the solid hydrogen storage tank, and can also block or seal the receiving tank 2, so that the receiving tank 2 and the tank body mounting base 3 form a relatively closed space, reducing the heat dissipation in the receiving tank 2.

[0034] The heat exchange assembly 4 includes a heat exchange part 402 composed of a spiral tube or a bent tube, and a liquid inlet pipe 401 is provided at the liquid inlet end of the heat exchange part, and a liquid outlet pipe 403 is provided at the liquid outlet end. The stack coolant flows into the heat exchange part through the liquid inlet pipe, and the residual heat of the stack coolant is transferred to the solid hydrogen storage tank through the heat exchange surface 201. According to the layout design requirements, the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe can pass downward through the tank body mounting base 3, and corresponding grooves can also be processed on the mounting base plate of the tank body mounting base 3 to accommodate the parts of the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe laid on the mounting base plate to prevent the bottom of the solid hydrogen storage tank from pressing the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe. The inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are both extended from the tank body mounting base 3; the inlet pipe is connected to the stack coolant, and the outlet pipe is connected to other pipelines. After the stack coolant flows out of the heat exchange assembly, it enters the radiator for further cooling.

[0035] The electric heating rod 5 is arranged on the outside of the heat exchange component 4; when the solid-state hydrogen storage tank is placed on the tank mounting base 3, the electric heating rod 5 is in contact with the inner wall of the containing tank 2 or the distance is less than 5 mm. The smaller the distance between the electric heating rod 5 and the containing tank 2, the higher the heating conduction efficiency and the solid-state hydrogen storage tank response hydrogen release speed.

[0036] The electric heating rod 5 has a plurality of (eg Figure 2 As shown), if the inner surface of the containing tank 2 is radially arranged with a plurality of strip fins, when the solid hydrogen storage tank is placed on the tank mounting base 3, the electric heating rod 5 is inserted between two adjacent fins to increase the heat exchange efficiency.

[0037] The boss 301 is provided with a temperature sensor 6 for monitoring the temperature in the receiving tank 2. Furthermore, other temperature sensors can be used to monitor the temperature of the stack coolant before it enters the heat exchange component and the temperature after it exits the heat exchange component. According to the feedback from the temperature sensor, the amount of stack coolant inlet is adjusted by the thermal management system so that the temperature in the receiving tank 2 is stabilized within a certain range. Since only small-sized and low-power thermal management systems can be configured, the selection of solid-state hydrogen storage materials suitable for the working temperature of hydrogen-powered electric bicycles is relatively narrow. For example, the charging and discharging temperature of iron-manganese type (AB2) solid-state hydrogen storage materials is generally 5°C to 40°C, which is well suited to the working environment of hydrogen-powered electric bicycles and does not require a complex and large thermal management system. By changing the shape of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank and using the stack coolant to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage tank from the inside, not only the hydrogen energy utilization efficiency is improved and the power loss of the thermal management system is reduced, but the closed holding tank 2 can also reduce the heat loss during heating. For example, the water outlet temperature of the small stack coolant using liquid cooling mode is about 70°C, and the water inlet temperature needs to be controlled at about 60°C. If the water inlet temperature is too high, it will affect the life or limit the power, and in severe cases it will damage the stack. If the temperature of the coolant passing through the heating device drops to about 62°C when it flows out of the heating device, then before the coolant circulates into the battery stack for liquid cooling, the coolant only needs to be cooled down to 60°C through the radiator at 62°C. Compared with cooling the coolant at 70°C to 60°C through the radiator, the required radiator power is much smaller. Therefore, a radiator with smaller power consumption and size can be used to adapt the thermal management system of hydrogen electric bicycles.

[0038] More importantly, since the core heating part of the thermal management system is concentrated on the heating device, it is small in size and can also fix the solid hydrogen storage tank, which is very suitable for the compact and narrow structural layout of the hydrogen-powered electric bicycle. In addition, when installing or replacing the solid hydrogen storage tank, it is only necessary to align the receiving slot 2 of the solid hydrogen storage tank with the heating device to facilitate loading.

[0039] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the implementation modes. They can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to specific details.

Claims

1. A small solid hydrogen storage tank for a hydrogen-powered electric bicycle, characterized in that: A columnar receiving groove is provided at the center of the bottom of the tank body of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank. The receiving groove is a cylindrical groove arranged along the axis of the tank body of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank. The inner wall of the receiving groove has a heat exchange surface for transferring heat to the solid-state hydrogen storage tank.

2. The small solid-state hydrogen storage tank for a hydrogen-powered electric bicycle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The depth of the containing tank is not less than 1 / 3 of the height of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank body; the diameter of the containing tank is not greater than 1 / 2 of the diameter of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank body.

3. The small solid-state hydrogen storage tank for a hydrogen-powered electric bicycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner surface of the containing tank is provided with fins for increasing the heat exchange area.

4. A heating device for the small solid hydrogen storage tank for a hydrogen-powered electric bicycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes a tank mounting base and a heating component arranged on the tank mounting base. When the solid hydrogen storage tank is placed on the tank mounting base, the heating component is inserted into the receiving groove; the heating component includes an electric heating rod and a heat exchange component using the battery stack coolant as a heat source.

5. The heating device for a small solid-state hydrogen storage tank for a hydrogen-powered electric bicycle according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The upper part of the tank body mounting base is a boss matched with the inner diameter of the groove, and the lower part is a mounting base; when the solid hydrogen storage tank is placed on the tank body mounting base, the boss forms a blockage on the bottom of the containing groove.

6. The heating device for a small solid hydrogen storage tank for a hydrogen-powered electric bicycle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat exchange component includes a heat exchange part composed of a spiral tube or a bent tube. The liquid inlet end of the heat exchange part is provided with a liquid inlet pipe, and the liquid outlet end is provided with a liquid outlet pipe. The stack coolant flows into the heat exchange part through the liquid inlet pipe, and the waste heat of the stack coolant is conducted to the solid hydrogen storage tank through the heat exchange surface.

7. The heating device for a small solid hydrogen storage tank for a hydrogen-powered electric bicycle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe both extend from the tank mounting base; the liquid inlet pipe is connected to the stack coolant, and the liquid outlet pipe is connected to other pipelines.

8. The heating device for a small solid hydrogen storage tank for a hydrogen-powered electric bicycle according to claim 7, characterized in that: The electric heating rod is arranged outside the heat exchange assembly; when the solid hydrogen storage tank is placed on the tank mounting base, the electric heating rod is in contact with the inner wall of the containing tank or the distance is less than 5mm.

9. The heating device for a small solid hydrogen storage tank for a hydrogen-powered electric bicycle according to claim 8, characterized in that: The electric heating rods are arranged evenly around the axis of the tank mounting base. If the inner surface of the receiving tank is radially arranged with multiple strip fins, when the solid hydrogen storage tank is placed on the tank mounting base, the electric heating rod is inserted between two adjacent fins.

10. The heating device for a small solid hydrogen storage tank for a hydrogen-powered electric bicycle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The boss is provided with a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature in the containing tank.

Images