A semiconductor-vortex tube efficiency-enhancing heat pump system and its control method

Abstract

The present invention provides a semiconductor-vortex tube efficiency-enhancing heat pump system and its control method. The system includes a compressor, a condenser, a temperature sensor, a pump, a solar collector, a shutoff valve, a solar radiation intensity sensor, a semiconductor component, a first gas-liquid separator, a vortex tube, a four-way reversing valve, an ejector, a first electronic expansion valve, a first reversing valve, a second electronic expansion valve, an evaporator, a second reversing valve, a second gas-liquid separator, a third electronic expansion valve, a third reversing valve, a frost thickness sensor, and a control element. The system incorporates a vortex tube and switches operating modes via a four-way reversing valve. This improves heat pump system performance in heating mode and enables non-stop defrosting in defrost mode, thereby increasing energy efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of heat pump systems, and in particular relates to a semiconductor-vortex tube efficiency-enhancing heat pump system and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the intensification of the global resource crisis and growing awareness of environmental protection, heat pump systems are gaining market favor due to their high energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, and energy-saving advantages. Driven by national policies, heat pump technology continues to advance and improve, and its application scope continues to expand from air conditioning and hot water supply to agricultural drying, urban heating, and other fields. However, air-source heat pumps currently used in the cold regions of northwest my country face the problem of frosting. Frosting on the outdoor evaporator increases air flow resistance, reduces heat exchange capacity, significantly reduces system performance, and increases energy loss.

[0003] Currently, the most widely used defrosting technology uses electric heating to melt condensed frost. This method suffers from issues such as high energy consumption, low heat exchange efficiency, and uneven defrosting. Another defrosting technology is the reverse cycle method, which uses a four-way reversing valve to redirect the refrigerant flow and use high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor to defrost the outdoor heat exchanger. However, this method is time-consuming and can result in reduced indoor comfort. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor-vortex tube efficiency-enhancing heat pump system and its control method, which can not only improve the performance of the heat pump system, but also continue to heat the room during the defrosting process to maintain indoor comfort.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A semiconductor-vortex tube efficiency-enhancing heat pump system, comprising a compressor 101, a condenser 102, a temperature sensor 103, a pump 104, a solar collector 105, a stop valve 106, a solar radiation intensity sensor 107, a semiconductor component 108, a first gas-liquid separator 111, a vortex tube 112, a four-way reversing valve 113, an ejector 114, a first electronic expansion valve 115, a first reversing valve 116, a second electronic expansion valve 117, an evaporator 118, a second reversing valve 119, a second gas-liquid separator 120, a third electronic expansion valve 121, a third reversing valve 122, a frost thickness sensor 123, and a control element; the compressor 10 The outlet of 1 is connected to the inlet of condenser 102, the outlet of condenser 102 is provided with temperature sensor 103 and connected to the inlet of pump 104, the outlet of pump 104 is connected to the inlet of solar collector 105, the outlet of solar collector 105 is communicated with the inlet of semiconductor hot end 110, solar collector 105 is provided with solar radiation intensity sensor 107, the outlet of semiconductor hot end 110 is connected to the inlet of first gas-liquid separator 111, the high-pressure gas refrigerant outlet of first gas-liquid separator 111 is connected to the inlet of vortex tube 112, the liquid refrigerant outlet of first gas-liquid separator 111 is connected to the inlet of solar collector 105, condenser 102 The outlet is also connected to the inlet of the semiconductor cold end 109 through the stop valve 106, and the outlet of the semiconductor cold end 109 is connected to the inlet of the first electronic expansion valve 115, and the outlet of the first electronic expansion valve 115 is connected to the inlet of the evaporator 118; the hot and cold outlets of the vortex tube 112 are connected to the inlet of the four-way reversing valve 113, and the outlet of the four-way reversing valve 113 is respectively connected to the inlet of the primary flow of the ejector 114 and the inlet of the first reversing valve 116, and the outlet of the first reversing valve 116 is respectively connected to the inlet of the second electronic expansion valve 117 and the inlet of the evaporator 118, the outlet of the second electronic expansion valve 117 is connected to the inlet of the evaporator 118, and the outlet of the evaporator 118 is connected to the inlet of the second reversing valve 119 A frost thickness sensor 123 is provided on the evaporator 118, the outlet of the second reversing valve 119 is respectively connected to the inlet of the secondary flow of the ejector 114 and the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator 120, the outlet of the ejector 114 is connected to the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator 120, the gaseous refrigerant outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 120 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 101, the liquid refrigerant outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 120 is connected to the inlet of the third reversing valve 122, the outlet of the third reversing valve 122 is respectively connected to the inlet of the third electronic expansion valve 121 and the inlet of the evaporator 118, and the outlet of the third electronic expansion valve 121 is connected to the inlet of the evaporator 118; forming a complete heat pump system.

[0007] A vortex tube 112 is introduced into the refrigerant circuit, so that the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant separated by the first gas-liquid separator 111 enters the vortex tube 112 to expand and undergo temperature separation. A high-pressure hot air flow flows out of the long tube of the vortex tube 112, and a high-pressure cold air flow flows out of the short tube of the vortex tube 112. In the heating mode, the high-pressure cold air flow enters the inlet of the evaporator 118 after throttling, so that the temperature of the refrigerant entering the evaporator 118 is reduced, thereby increasing the unit mass cooling capacity. In the defrost mode, the condenser 102 operates normally to provide heat for the indoor air. By changing the direction of the four-way reversing valve 113, the high-pressure hot air flow coming out of the long tube of the vortex tube 112 enters the evaporator 118 for heat release and defrosting, thereby achieving defrosting without stopping the machine.

[0008] The temperature sensor 103, the stop valve 106, the solar radiation intensity sensor 107, the semiconductor component 108, the four-way reversing valve 113, the first electronic expansion valve 115, the first reversing valve 116, the second electronic expansion valve 117, the second reversing valve 119, the third electronic expansion valve 121, the third reversing valve 122, the frost thickness sensor 123 and the electric heating rod in the solar collector 105 are all connected to the control element; the control element controls the opening and closing of the stop valve 106, the current entering the semiconductor component 108, the direction of the four-way reversing valve 113, the first reversing valve 116, the second reversing valve 119 and the third reversing valve 122, the opening degree of the first electronic expansion valve 115, the second electronic expansion valve 117 and the third electronic expansion valve 121, and the current entering the electric heating rod in the solar collector 105 through feedback signals from the temperature sensor 103, the solar radiation intensity sensor 107 and the frost thickness sensor 123.

[0009] The semiconductor component 108 is a double-stage semiconductor refrigeration plate or a multi-stage semiconductor refrigeration plate.

[0010] The vortex tube 112 is wrapped with damping material, sound-absorbing cotton or foam plastic.

[0011] The coating of the heat absorbing plate of the solar thermal collector 105 is black chromium coating, black cobalt coating or black nickel coating; the working medium of the solar thermal collector 105 is made of phase change material or nanofluid material.

[0012] The working method of the semiconductor-vortex tube high-efficiency heat pump system is as follows: the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant at the exhaust port of the compressor 101 enters the condenser 102, releases heat to the air to form a saturated liquid refrigerant, and the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser 102 enters the semiconductor cold end 109 on one side, is throttled after supercooling through the first electronic expansion valve 115, and enters the inlet of the evaporator 118; the refrigerant is pressurized by the pump 104 on the other side and enters the solar collector 105 to absorb heat, and is heated in a gas-liquid two-phase state through the semiconductor hot end 110, and enters the first gas-liquid separator 111, wherein the separated liquid refrigerant re-enters the solar collector 105 to absorb the heat energy converted from solar energy, and the separated high-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the vortex tube 112 to expand and undergo temperature separation, the long tube of the vortex tube 112 flows out a high-pressure hot air flow, and the short tube of the vortex tube 112 flows out a high-pressure hot air flow. The high-pressure cold air flows out of the pipe, and the two air flows enter the four-way reversing valve 113 respectively. The high-pressure hot air flow enters the nozzle inlet of the ejector 114 as a primary flow, and after expansion in the nozzle, it becomes a low-pressure and high-speed gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant and mixes with the saturated gas-phase refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator 118 through the second reversing valve 119 in the mixing section of the ejector 114. After being decelerated and pressurized at the diffuser end of the ejector 114, it enters the second gas-liquid separator 120 as a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. The high-pressure cold air flow passes through the first reversing valve 116 and is throttled by the second electronic expansion valve 117, and then enters the evaporator 118 to absorb heat and form a saturated gas-phase refrigerant; the liquid refrigerant separated in the second gas-liquid separator 120 passes through the third reversing valve 122 and the third electronic expansion valve 121 and enters the inlet of the evaporator 118 after throttling, and the gaseous refrigerant separated in the second gas-liquid separator 120 enters the inlet of the compressor 101, completing the heating cycle;

[0013] The working process of the refrigerant circulation loop in the defrost mode is as follows: the stop valve 106 blocks the connecting pipe between the outlet of the condenser 102 and the inlet of the semiconductor cold end 109; the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant at the exhaust port of the compressor 101 enters the condenser 102, releases heat to the air to form a saturated liquid refrigerant, and the refrigerant is pressurized by the pump 104 and enters the solar collector 105 to absorb heat, and is heated in a gas-liquid two-phase state through the semiconductor hot end 110, and enters the first gas-liquid separator 111, wherein the separated liquid refrigerant re-enters the solar collector 105 to absorb the heat energy converted by solar energy, and the separated high-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the vortex tube 112 to expand and generate temperature. The high-pressure hot air flow flows out of the long tube of the vortex tube 112, and the high-pressure cold air flow flows out of the short tube of the vortex tube 112. The two air flows enter the four-way reversing valve 113 respectively, and the direction of the four-way reversing valve 113 is changed. The high-pressure hot air flow passes through the first reversing valve 116 and enters the evaporator 118 to release heat and defrost. It passes through the second reversing valve 119 in a gas-liquid two-phase state and enters the second gas-liquid separator 120. The high-pressure cold air flow passes through the ejector 114 and enters the second gas-liquid separator 120. The liquid refrigerant separated in the second gas-liquid separator 120 passes through the third reversing valve 122 and enters the inlet of the evaporator 118, while the separated gaseous refrigerant enters the inlet of the compressor 101, completing the defrost cycle.

[0014] The control method of the vortex tube heat pump system includes the following steps: detecting the condensing temperature T1 by the temperature sensor 103, detecting the solar radiation intensity Q1 by the solar radiation intensity sensor 107, measuring the frost thickness D1 of the evaporator by the frost thickness sensor 123, and the rated setting temperature of the condensing temperature is T s The solar radiation intensity judgment limit value is Q s The frost thickness judgment limit is D s ;

[0015] When the system is in an environment with sufficient solar radiation intensity, Q s ≤Q1, in the heat pump system heating mode, open the stop valve 106; when T s When T1 is less than or equal to +5, the current flowing into the semiconductor component 108 decreases continuously and the openings of the first electronic expansion valve 115, the second electronic expansion valve 117 and the third electronic expansion valve 121 are increased until the condensing temperature T1 detected by the temperature sensor 103 is less than or equal to T2. s +5, the adjustment parameters are completed and the system is running normally; when T s When -5≥T1, the current flowing into the semiconductor component 108 increases continuously and increases the opening of the first electronic expansion valve 115, the second electronic expansion valve 117 and the third electronic expansion valve 121 until the condensation temperature of the temperature sensor 103 T1>T s-5, the adjustment parameters are completed and the system is in normal operation; in the defrost mode of the heat pump system, the stop valve 106 is closed, and the flow paths of the four-way reversing valve 113, the first reversing valve 116, the second reversing valve 119 and the third reversing valve 122 are switched. When D s ≤D1, the vortex tube 112 high pressure hot air flow is used for defrosting; when D s When D1 is less than +3, the current flowing into the semiconductor component 108 increases continuously, and the electric heating rod provided in the solar collector 105 is used to heat the system working medium until the frost thickness sensor 123 measures the evaporator frost thickness D1 < D s +3, parameter adjustment is completed and the system is running normally;

[0016] When the system is in an environment with weak solar radiation or at night, Q s >Q1, in the heat pump system heating mode, open the stop valve 106 and use the electric heating rod set in the solar collector 105 for heating; when T s When T1 is less than or equal to +5, the current flowing into the semiconductor component 108 decreases continuously and the openings of the first electronic expansion valve 115, the second electronic expansion valve 117 and the third electronic expansion valve 121 are increased until the condensing temperature T1 detected by the temperature sensor 103 is less than or equal to T2. s +5, the adjustment parameters are completed and the system is running normally; when T s When -5≥T1, the current flowing into the semiconductor component 108 increases continuously and increases the opening of the first electronic expansion valve 115, the second electronic expansion valve 117 and the third electronic expansion valve 121 until the condensing temperature detected by the temperature sensor 103 is T1>T s -5, the adjustment parameters are completed and the system is in normal operation; in the defrost mode of the heat pump system, the stop valve 106 is closed, and the flow paths of the four-way reversing valve 113, the first reversing valve 116, the second reversing valve 119 and the third reversing valve 122 are switched. When D s ≤D1, the vortex tube 112 high pressure hot air flow is used for defrosting; when D s When D1 is less than or equal to +3, the current flowing into the semiconductor assembly 108 and the electric heating rod in the solar collector 105 increases continuously until the frost thickness sensor 123 measures that the frost thickness of the evaporator is less than D1. s +3, parameter adjustment is completed and the system is running normally.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the semiconductor-vortex tube high-efficiency heat pump system and its control method of the present invention have the following benefits: First, a vortex tube is introduced into the refrigerant circuit, so that the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant separated by the first gas-liquid separator enters the vortex tube to expand and undergo temperature separation. The long tube of the vortex tube flows out a high-pressure hot air flow, and the short tube of the vortex tube flows out a high-pressure cold air flow. In the heating mode, the high-pressure cold air flow enters the evaporator inlet after throttling, so that the temperature of the refrigerant entering the evaporator is reduced, and the unit mass cooling capacity is increased; in the defrost mode, the condenser operates normally to provide heat for the indoor air. By changing the four-way reversing valve, the high-pressure hot air flow coming out of the long end of the vortex tube enters the evaporator to release heat and defrost, thereby achieving non-stop defrosting. Second, a pump and solar collector components are introduced into the condenser outlet pipeline, and the pressurization effect of the pump is used to increase the enthalpy value of the refrigerant entering the solar collector, thereby improving the ability to absorb heat and making better use of solar energy. Third, a semiconductor component is introduced into the refrigerant circuit. The hot end is used to heat the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant exiting the solar collector, allowing more gaseous refrigerant to enter the vortex tube for separation, improving system efficiency. The cold end is used to subcool the high-pressure liquid refrigerant at the condenser outlet, reducing the flash gas generated during the throttling process of the first electronic expansion valve, increasing the unit mass cooling capacity and improving system performance. Fourth, an ejector is introduced into the refrigerant circuit. In heating mode, the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant at the long end of the vortex tube ejects the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator outlet, converting the work capacity of the high-pressure refrigerant into the ejection and pressure increase of the secondary fluid, reducing the irreversible losses in the system and effectively improving the energy efficiency of the heat pump system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the semiconductor-vortex tube efficiency-enhancing heat pump system in heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a semiconductor-vortex tube heat pump system in defrost mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of feedback control of a control element according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a control logic diagram of the semiconductor-vortex tube high-efficiency heat pump system in the indoor heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a control logic diagram of the semiconductor-vortex tube high-efficiency heat pump system in the indoor defrost mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] In the accompanying drawings: 101- compressor; 102- condenser; 103- temperature sensor; 104- pump; 105- solar collector; 106- stop valve; 107- solar radiation intensity sensor; 108- semiconductor component; 109- semiconductor cold end; 110- semiconductor hot end; 111- first gas-liquid separator; 112- vortex tube; 113- four-way reversing valve; 114- ejector; 115- first electronic expansion valve; 116- first reversing valve; 117- second electronic expansion valve; 118- evaporator; 119- second reversing valve; 120- second gas-liquid separator; 121- third electronic expansion valve; 122- third reversing valve; 123- frost thickness sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the relevant drawings will be further described in detail below.

[0025] An embodiment of the present invention proposes a semiconductor-vortex tube high-efficiency heat pump system. This system utilizes components such as a four-way reversing valve, a first reversing valve, a second reversing valve, and a third reversing valve to flexibly switch between heating and defrosting modes. The heat pump system incorporates a vortex tube, allowing the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant separated by the first separator to enter the vortex tube, where it expands and undergoes temperature separation. The long vortex tube then flows out a high-pressure hot gas flow, while the short vortex tube flows out a high-pressure cold gas flow. In heating mode, the high-pressure cold gas flow is throttled before entering the evaporator inlet, lowering the temperature of the refrigerant entering the evaporator and increasing the cooling capacity per unit mass. In defrosting mode, the condenser operates normally, providing heat to the indoor air. By changing the four-way reversing valve, the high-pressure hot air flow coming out of the long end of the vortex tube enters the evaporator to release heat and defrost, thereby achieving defrosting without stopping the machine; the heat pump system introduces pump and solar collector components, fully utilizes solar energy in heating mode and defrost mode, has energy-saving and environmental protection characteristics, and improves the overall performance of the heat pump system; semiconductor components are introduced into the refrigerant circuit, and the hot end is used to heat the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant coming out of the solar collector, so that more gaseous refrigerant enters the vortex tube for separation, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the heat pump system; the cold end is used to supercool the high-pressure liquid refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser, reducing the flash gas generated during the throttling process of the first electronic expansion valve, and increasing the cooling capacity per unit mass; in the heating mode, an ejector is introduced, and the high-pressure gas-phase refrigerant at the long end of the vortex tube ejects the refrigerant vapor from the outlet of the evaporator, converting the work capacity of the high-pressure refrigerant into the ejection and pressure increase of the secondary fluid, reducing the irreversible loss of the system, and effectively improving the energy efficiency of the heat pump system.

[0026] See also Figure 1The semiconductor-vortex tube efficiency-enhancing heat pump system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a compressor 101, a condenser 102, a temperature sensor 103, a pump 104, a solar collector 105, a stop valve 106, a solar radiation intensity sensor 107, a semiconductor component 108, a semiconductor cold end 109, a semiconductor hot end 110, a first gas-liquid separator 111, a vortex tube 112, a four-way reversing valve 113, an ejector 114, a first electronic expansion valve 115, a first reversing valve 116, a second electronic expansion valve 117, an evaporator 118, a second reversing valve 119, a second gas-liquid separator 120, a third electronic expansion valve 121, a third reversing valve 122, and a frost thickness sensor 123. In the embodiment of the present invention, the outlet of the compressor 101 is connected to the inlet of the condenser 102, the outlet of the condenser 102 is provided with a temperature sensor 103 and connected to the inlet of the pump 104, the outlet of the pump 104 is connected to the inlet of the solar collector 105, the outlet of the solar collector 105 is connected to the inlet of the semiconductor hot end 110, the solar collector 105 is provided with a solar radiation intensity sensor 107, the outlet of the semiconductor hot end 110 is connected to the inlet of the first gas-liquid separator 111, and the first gas-liquid separator 111 is connected to the inlet of the first gas-liquid separator 111. The high-pressure gaseous refrigerant outlet of 1 is connected to the inlet of the vortex tube 112, the liquid refrigerant outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 111 is connected to the inlet of the solar collector 105, the outlet of the condenser 102 is also connected to the inlet of the semiconductor cold end 109 through the stop valve 106, the outlet of the semiconductor cold end 109 is connected to the inlet of the first electronic expansion valve 115, and the outlet of the first electronic expansion valve 115 is connected to the inlet of the evaporator 118; the hot and cold ends of the vortex tube 112 are connected to the inlet of the four-way reversing valve 113, and the four-way reversing valve 113 is connected to the hot and cold ends of the vortex tube 112. The outlet of valve 113 is connected to the inlet of the primary flow of ejector 114 and the inlet of the first reversing valve 116 respectively. The outlet of the first reversing valve 116 is connected to the inlet of the second electronic expansion valve 117 and the inlet of the evaporator 118 respectively. The outlet of the second electronic expansion valve 117 is connected to the inlet of the evaporator 118. The outlet of the evaporator 118 is connected to the inlet of the second reversing valve 119. A frost thickness sensor 123 is provided on the evaporator 118. The outlet of the second reversing valve 119 is connected to the inlet of the secondary flow of ejector 114 and the second gas-liquid separator respectively. The inlet of the ejector 114 is connected to the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator 120, the outlet of the ejector 114 is connected to the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator 120, the gaseous refrigerant outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 120 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 101, the liquid refrigerant outlet of the second gas-liquid separator 120 is connected to the inlet of the third reversing valve 122, the outlet of the third reversing valve 122 is respectively connected to the inlet of the third electronic expansion valve 121 and the inlet of the evaporator 118, and the outlet of the third electronic expansion valve 121 is connected to the inlet of the evaporator 118; forming a complete heat pump system.

[0027] The semiconductor component 108 of the embodiment of the present invention is a multi-stage semiconductor refrigeration plate, which increases the temperature control range to match various working conditions and improve the overall system performance.

[0028] The shutoff valve 106 of the embodiment of the present invention is located in the connecting pipe between the outlet of the condenser 102 and the inlet of the semiconductor cold end 109. In defrost mode, the shutoff valve 106 blocks the connecting pipe, allowing the high-pressure liquid refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser 102 to enter the solar collector 105, increasing the mass of the gaseous refrigerant entering the vortex tube 112 and improving the defrost efficiency of the high-pressure hot air flow.

[0029] In this embodiment of the present invention, the soundproofing material surrounding vortex tube 112 is acoustically absorptive cotton. Its porous structure absorbs sound waves, reducing noise levels in the working environment. Furthermore, acoustically absorptive cotton offers advantages such as flexibility and softness, making it easy to cut and process, adapting to various spaces, and reducing the load on components.

[0030] The solar collector 105 heat absorbing plate coating in the embodiment of the present invention adopts black chrome coating, which has excellent spectral selectivity and corrosion resistance, can effectively absorb solar radiation energy and reduce heat radiation loss, and can be used for a long time under various environmental conditions.

[0031] The working medium of the solar thermal collector 105 in this embodiment of the present invention is made of a solid-liquid phase change material (PCM) of hydrated salts. This material has the advantages of high latent heat of phase change and simple preparation. It regulates indoor air temperature by absorbing or releasing heat, improving system stability. Encapsulating the PCM into microcapsules and adsorbing it within porous particles to create a composite PCM effectively mitigates the migration and leakage issues of the liquid PCM, facilitating multiple recycling. The PCM can also be any of linear alkanes, paraffin waxes, fatty acids, and polyethylene glycol.

[0032] See also Figure 1 The working process of the refrigerant circulation loop in the heating mode of the semiconductor-vortex tube high-efficiency heat pump system in the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant at the exhaust port of the compressor 101 enters the condenser 102, exchanges heat with the indoor air to form a saturated liquid refrigerant, and increases the indoor air temperature. The refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser 102 enters the semiconductor cold end 109 for supercooling, and then passes through the first electronic expansion valve 115 for throttling and enters the inlet of the evaporator 118. The subcooling of the refrigerant before throttling can reduce the flash gas generated during the throttling process of the first electronic expansion valve 115, thereby improving the unit mass cooling capacity and the performance of the heat pump system.

[0033] The refrigerant is then pressurized by pump 104 and enters solar thermal collector 105 to absorb heat. The pressurization effect of the pump increases the enthalpy of the refrigerant entering solar thermal collector 105, improving its heat absorption capacity and making better use of solar energy. After absorbing heat in solar thermal collector 105, the refrigerant is heated in a gas-liquid two-phase state through semiconductor hot end 110 and enters first gas-liquid separator 111. The separated saturated liquid refrigerant re-enters solar thermal collector 105 to absorb the heat energy converted from solar energy, while the separated high-pressure gas refrigerant enters vortex tube 112 for expansion and temperature separation. The long tube of vortex tube 112 flows out a high-pressure hot gas stream, while the short tube of vortex tube 112 flows out a high-pressure cold gas stream. These two streams enter four-way reversing valve 113 separately.

[0034] The high-pressure hot air flows as the primary flow into the nozzle inlet of ejector 114. After expansion in the nozzle, it becomes a low-pressure, high-speed gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. It then mixes with the saturated gas-phase refrigerant at the outlet of evaporator 118, which has passed through the second reversing valve 119, in the mixing section of ejector 114. The refrigerant then decelerates and increases its pressure at the diffuser end of ejector 114 before entering the second gas-liquid separator 120 as a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. This process converts the work done by the high-pressure refrigerant into the ejection and pressure increase of the secondary fluid, minimizing irreversible losses in the system and effectively improving the energy efficiency of the heat pump system. The high-pressure cold air flows through the first reversing valve 116, is throttled by the second solenoid expansion valve 117, and then enters the evaporator 118, absorbing heat from the ambient air to form a saturated gas-phase refrigerant. The saturated liquid refrigerant separated in the second gas-liquid separator 120 passes through the third reversing valve 122 and is throttled by the third electronic expansion valve 121 before entering the inlet of the evaporator 118. The saturated gas refrigerant separated in the second gas-liquid separator 120 enters the compressor inlet, completing the heating cycle.

[0035] See also Figure 2 The defrost mode refrigerant circulation loop working process of the semiconductor-vortex tube high-efficiency heat pump system in the embodiment of the invention is as follows: first, the stop valve 106 is used to block the connecting pipe between the outlet of the condenser 102 and the inlet of the semiconductor cold end 109.

[0036] The high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant from the exhaust port of compressor 101 enters condenser 102, where it exchanges heat with the indoor air to form a saturated liquid refrigerant. The refrigerant is then pressurized by pump 104 and enters solar thermal collector 105 to fully absorb heat. After absorbing heat in solar thermal collector 105, the refrigerant is heated in a gas-liquid two-phase state through semiconductor hot end 110 and enters first gas-liquid separator 111. The separated saturated liquid refrigerant re-enters solar thermal collector 105 to absorb heat energy converted from solar energy, while the separated high-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters vortex tube 112 for expansion and temperature separation. The long tube of vortex tube 112 flows out a high-pressure hot gas stream, while the short tube of vortex tube 112 flows out a high-pressure cold gas stream. These two streams enter four-way reversing valve 113 separately.

[0037] By changing the direction of the four-way reversing valve 113, the high-pressure hot air flows through the first reversing valve 116 into the evaporator 118, releasing heat to achieve the defrosting effect. The refrigerant then flows through the second reversing valve 119 in a gas-liquid two-phase state into the second gas-liquid separator 120. The high-pressure cold air flows through the ejector 114 into the second gas-liquid separator 120. The liquid refrigerant separated in the second gas-liquid separator 120 flows through the third reversing valve 122 into the inlet of the evaporator 118, while the separated gaseous refrigerant enters the inlet of the compressor 101, completing the defrosting cycle.

[0038] See also Figure 3 In the embodiment of the present invention, the temperature sensor 103, the stop valve 106, the solar radiation intensity sensor 107, the semiconductor component 108, the four-way reversing valve 113, the first electronic expansion valve 115, the first reversing valve 116, the second electronic expansion valve 117, the second reversing valve 119, the third electronic expansion valve 121, the third reversing valve 122, the frost thickness sensor 123, and the electric heating rod in the solar thermal collector 105 are all connected to a control element. The control element controls the opening and closing of the stop valve 106, the amount of current entering the semiconductor component 108, the direction of the four-way reversing valve 113, the first reversing valve 116, the second reversing valve 119, and the third reversing valve 122, the opening degree of the first electronic expansion valve 115, the second electronic expansion valve 117, and the third electronic expansion valve 121, and the amount of current entering the electric heating rod in the solar thermal collector 105 through feedback signals from the temperature sensor 103, the solar radiation intensity sensor 107, and the frost thickness sensor 123.

[0039] See also Figure 4 and Figure 5 The control method of the semiconductor-vortex tube heat pump system according to the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:

[0040] The condensation temperature T1 is detected by the temperature sensor 103, the solar radiation intensity Q1 is detected by the solar radiation intensity sensor 107, and the frost thickness D1 of the evaporator is measured by the frost thickness sensor 123. The rated setting temperature of the condensation temperature is T s The solar radiation intensity judgment limit value is Q s The frost thickness judgment limit is D s The normal operating temperature range of the heating mode is the condensing temperature rated set temperature ±5°C, and the normal operating thickness range of the defrost mode is lower than the frost thickness judgment limit value +3mm.

[0041] When the system is in an environment with sufficient solar radiation intensity, Q s ≤Q1, in the heating mode of the heat pump system, open the stop valve 106.

[0042] When Ts +5≤T1, the condensing temperature is much higher than the rated set temperature, and the condensing temperature needs to be lowered in time. The control element continuously reduces the current flowing into the semiconductor component 108 and increases the opening of the first electronic expansion valve 115, the second electronic expansion valve 117 and the third electronic expansion valve 121 until the condensing temperature T1 detected by the temperature sensor 103 is less than T s +5, the adjustment parameters are completed and the system is in normal heating state; when T s When -5≥T1, the measured condensing temperature is much lower than the rated set temperature, and the indoor heating is insufficient. The control element continuously increases the current flowing into the semiconductor component 108 and increases the opening of the first electronic expansion valve 115, the second electronic expansion valve 117 and the third electronic expansion valve 121 until the condensing temperature T1 of the temperature sensor 103 is greater than T s -5, the parameter adjustment is completed and the system is running in normal heating state.

[0043] In the defrosting mode of the heat pump system, the stop valve 106 is closed, and the flow paths of the four-way reversing valve 113, the first reversing valve 116, the second reversing valve 119 and the third reversing valve 122 are switched. s ≤D1, the vortex tube 112 high pressure hot air flow is used for defrosting; when D s +3≤D1, the frost layer thickness is relatively thick, and the control element continuously increases the current flowing into the semiconductor component 108, and at the same time uses the electric heating rod set in the solar collector 105 to heat the system working medium until the frost thickness sensor 123 measures the evaporator frost thickness D1<D s +3, parameter adjustment is completed, and the system is running in normal defrosting state.

[0044] When the system is in an environment with weak solar radiation or at night, Q s >Q1, in the heat pump system heating mode, open the stop valve 106 and use the electric heating rod set in the solar collector 105 for heating.

[0045] When T s +5≤T1, the condensing temperature is much higher than the rated set temperature, and the condensing temperature needs to be lowered in time. The control element continuously reduces the current flowing into the semiconductor component 108 and increases the opening of the first electronic expansion valve 115, the second electronic expansion valve 117 and the third electronic expansion valve 121 until the condensing temperature T1 detected by the temperature sensor 103 is less than T s +5, the adjustment parameters are completed and the system is in normal heating state; when T sWhen -5≥T1, the condensing temperature is much lower than the rated set temperature, and the indoor heating is insufficient. The control element continuously increases the current flowing into the semiconductor component 108 and increases the opening of the first electronic expansion valve 115, the second electronic expansion valve 117 and the third electronic expansion valve 121 until the condensing temperature T1 detected by the temperature sensor 103 is greater than T s -5, the parameter adjustment is completed and the system is running in normal heating state.

[0046] In the defrosting mode of the heat pump system, the stop valve 106 is closed, and the flow paths of the four-way reversing valve 113, the first reversing valve 116, the second reversing valve 119 and the third reversing valve 122 are switched. s ≤D1, the vortex tube 112 high pressure hot air flow is used for defrosting; when D s +3≤D1, the frost layer thickness is relatively thick, and the control element increases the current flowing into the semiconductor assembly 108 and the electric heating rod in the solar collector 105 until the frost thickness sensor 123 measures that the evaporator frost thickness D1 is less than D s +3, parameter adjustment is completed, and the system is running in normal defrosting state.

[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the technical solution of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention, the present technical solution can also be subjected to a number of simple modifications and replacements, and these modifications and replacements also fall within the scope of protection covered by the claims.

Claims

1. A semiconductor-vortex tube heat pump system, characterized by: The system comprises a compressor (101), a condenser (102), a temperature sensor (103), a pump (104), a solar collector (105), a stop valve (106), a solar radiation intensity sensor (107), a semiconductor component (108), a first gas-liquid separator (111), a vortex tube (112), a four-way reversing valve (113), an ejector (114), a first electronic expansion valve (115), a first reversing valve (116), a second electronic expansion valve (117), an evaporator (118), a second reversing valve (119), a second gas-liquid separator (120), a third electronic expansion valve (121), a third reversing valve (122), a frost thickness sensor (123), and a control element; the outlet of the compressor (101) is connected to the inlet of the condenser (102), the outlet of the condenser (102) is provided with a temperature sensor (103) and is connected to the pump (1 04), the outlet of the pump (104) is connected to the inlet of the solar thermal collector (105), the outlet of the solar thermal collector (105) is connected to the inlet of the semiconductor hot end (110), a solar radiation intensity sensor (107) is provided on the solar thermal collector (105), the outlet of the semiconductor hot end (110) is connected to the inlet of the first gas-liquid separator (111), the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant outlet of the first gas-liquid separator (111) is connected to the inlet of the vortex tube (112), the liquid refrigerant outlet of the first gas-liquid separator (111) is connected to the inlet of the solar thermal collector (105), the outlet of the condenser (102) is also connected to the inlet of the semiconductor cold end (109) through the stop valve (106), the outlet of the semiconductor cold end (109) is connected to the inlet of the first electronic expansion valve (115), and the outlet of the first electronic expansion valve (115) is connected to the inlet of the evaporator (118);The hot and cold outlets of the vortex tube (112) are connected to the inlet of the four-way reversing valve (113), the outlet of the four-way reversing valve (113) is respectively connected to the inlet of the primary flow of the ejector (114) and the inlet of the first reversing valve (116), the outlet of the first reversing valve (116) is respectively connected to the inlet of the second electronic expansion valve (117) and the inlet of the evaporator (118), the outlet of the second electronic expansion valve (117) is connected to the inlet of the evaporator (118), the outlet of the evaporator (118) is connected to the inlet of the second reversing valve (119), a frost thickness sensor (123) is provided on the evaporator (118), and the outlet of the second reversing valve (119) is respectively connected to the inlet of the ejector (114). The inlet of the secondary flow of the ejector (114) is connected to the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator (120), the outlet of the ejector (114) is connected to the inlet of the second gas-liquid separator (120), the gaseous refrigerant outlet of the second gas-liquid separator (120) is connected to the inlet of the compressor (101), the liquid refrigerant outlet of the second gas-liquid separator (120) is connected to the inlet of the third reversing valve (122), the outlet of the third reversing valve (122) is respectively connected to the inlet of the third electronic expansion valve (121) and the inlet of the evaporator (118), and the outlet of the third electronic expansion valve (121) is connected to the inlet of the evaporator (118); a complete heat pump system is formed.

2. The semiconductor-vortex tube heat pump system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vortex tube (112) is introduced into the refrigerant circuit, so that the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant separated by the first gas-liquid separator (111) enters the vortex tube (112) to expand and undergo temperature separation, and a high-pressure hot air flow flows out of the long tube of the vortex tube (112), and a high-pressure cold air flow flows out of the short tube of the vortex tube (112); in the heating mode, the high-pressure cold air flow enters the inlet of the evaporator (118) after throttling, so that the temperature of the refrigerant entering the evaporator (118) is reduced, thereby increasing the unit mass cooling capacity; in the defrosting mode, the condenser (102) operates normally to provide heat for the indoor air; by changing the direction of the four-way reversing valve (113), the high-pressure hot air flow coming out of the long tube of the vortex tube (112) enters the evaporator (118) to release heat and defrost, thereby achieving non-stop defrosting.

3. The semiconductor-vortex tube heat pump system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature sensor (103), the stop valve (106), the solar radiation intensity sensor (107), the semiconductor component (108), the four-way reversing valve (113), the first electronic expansion valve (115), the first reversing valve (116), the second electronic expansion valve (117), the second reversing valve (119), the third electronic expansion valve (121), the third reversing valve (122), the frost thickness sensor (123), and the electric heating rod in the solar thermal collector (105) are all connected to the control element; the control element is connected to the control element through the temperature sensor (103). ), the solar radiation intensity sensor (107), and the frost thickness sensor (123) feedback signals to control the opening and closing of the stop valve (106), control the magnitude of the current entering the semiconductor component (108), control the direction of the four-way reversing valve (113), the first reversing valve (116), the second reversing valve (119), and the third reversing valve (122), control the opening of the first electronic expansion valve (115), the second electronic expansion valve (117), and the third electronic expansion valve (121), and control the magnitude of the current entering the electric heating rod in the solar collector (105).

4. The semiconductor-vortex tube heat pump system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The semiconductor component (108) is a double-stage semiconductor refrigeration plate or a multi-stage semiconductor refrigeration plate.

5. The semiconductor-vortex tube heat pump system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vortex tube (112) is wrapped with damping material, sound-absorbing cotton or foam plastic.

6. The semiconductor-vortex tube heat pump system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar thermal collector (105) heat absorption plate coating adopts black chromium coating, black cobalt coating or black nickel coating; the working medium of the solar thermal collector (105) is made of phase change material or nanofluid material.

7. The operating method of a semiconductor-vortex tube heat pump system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The working process of the refrigerant circulation loop in the heating mode is as follows: the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant at the exhaust port of the compressor (101) enters the condenser (102), releases heat to the air and forms a saturated liquid refrigerant. The refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser (102) enters the semiconductor cold end (109), is throttled by the first electronic expansion valve (115) after being supercooled, and enters the inlet of the evaporator (118); The other refrigerant is pressurized by the pump (104) and enters the solar collector (105) to absorb heat, is heated in a gas-liquid two-phase state through the semiconductor hot end (110), and enters the first gas-liquid separator (111), wherein the separated liquid refrigerant re-enters the solar collector (105) to absorb the heat energy converted by solar energy, and the separated high-pressure gas refrigerant enters the vortex tube (112) to expand and undergo temperature separation, the long tube of the vortex tube (112) flows out a high-pressure hot air flow, and the short tube of the vortex tube (112) flows out a high-pressure cold air flow, and the two air flows enter the four-way reversing valve (113) respectively, and the high-pressure hot air flow enters the nozzle inlet of the ejector (114) as a primary flow, and is expanded in the nozzle to become a low-pressure and high-speed gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant and the second refrigerant. The saturated gas-phase refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator (118) of the valve (119) is mixed in the mixing section of the ejector (114), and then decelerated and pressurized at the expansion end of the ejector (114) and enters the second gas-liquid separator (120) as a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant. The high-pressure cold air flow passes through the first reversing valve (116) and is throttled by the second electronic expansion valve (117), and then enters the evaporator (118) to absorb heat and form a saturated gas-phase refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant separated in the second gas-liquid separator (120) passes through the third reversing valve (122) and is throttled by the third electronic expansion valve (121) and enters the inlet of the evaporator (118), while the gaseous refrigerant separated in the second gas-liquid separator (120) enters the inlet of the compressor (101), completing the heating cycle. The working process of the refrigerant circulation loop in the defrost mode is as follows: the stop valve (106) blocks the connecting pipe between the outlet of the condenser (102) and the inlet of the semiconductor cold end (109); the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant at the exhaust port of the compressor (101) enters the condenser (102), releases heat to the air to form a saturated liquid refrigerant, and the refrigerant is pressurized by the pump (104) and enters the solar collector (105) to absorb heat, and is heated in a gas-liquid two-phase state through the semiconductor hot end (110) and enters the first gas-liquid separator (111), wherein the separated liquid refrigerant re-enters the solar collector (105) to absorb the heat energy converted from solar energy, while the separated high-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters the vortex tube (112) to expand and undergo temperature separation. The long tube of the vortex tube (112) flows out a high-pressure hot air flow, and the short tube of the vortex tube (112) flows out a high-pressure cold air flow. The two air flows enter the four-way reversing valve (113) respectively, and the direction of the four-way reversing valve (113) is changed. The high-pressure hot air flow passes through the first reversing valve (116) and enters the evaporator (118) to release heat and defrost. It passes through the second reversing valve (119) in a gas-liquid two-phase state and enters the second gas-liquid separator (120). The high-pressure cold air flow passes through the ejector (114) and enters the second gas-liquid separator (120). The liquid refrigerant separated in the second gas-liquid separator (120) passes through the third reversing valve (122) and enters the inlet of the evaporator (118), and the separated gaseous refrigerant enters the inlet of the compressor (101), completing the defrost cycle.

8. The control method of a vortex tube-based heat pump system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The condensation temperature T1 is detected by the temperature sensor (103), the solar radiation intensity Q1 is detected by the solar radiation intensity sensor (107), and the frost thickness D1 of the evaporator is measured by the frost thickness sensor (123). The rated set temperature of the condensation temperature is T s The solar radiation intensity judgment limit value is Q s The frost thickness judgment limit is D s ; When the system is in an environment with sufficient solar radiation intensity, Q s ≤Q1, in the heating mode of the heat pump system, open the stop valve (106); when T s When T1 is less than or equal to +5, the current flowing into the semiconductor component (108) continuously decreases and increases the opening of the first electronic expansion valve (115), the second electronic expansion valve (117), and the third electronic expansion valve (121), until the condensation temperature T1 detected by the temperature sensor (103) is less than or equal to T s +5, the adjustment parameters are completed and the system is running normally; when T s When -5≥T1, the current flowing into the semiconductor component (108) increases continuously and increases the opening of the first electronic expansion valve (115), the second electronic expansion valve (117) and the third electronic expansion valve (121) until the condensation temperature of the temperature sensor (103) T1>T s -5, the adjustment parameters are completed and the system is in normal operation; in the defrost mode of the heat pump system, the stop valve (106) is closed, and the flow paths of the four-way reversing valve (113), the first reversing valve (116), the second reversing valve (119) and the third reversing valve (122) are switched. When D s When D1 is less than or equal to D1, the high-pressure hot air flow of the vortex tube (112) is used for defrosting; when D s When D1 is greater than or equal to +3, the current flowing into the semiconductor component (108) increases continuously, and the system working medium is heated by the electric heating rod arranged in the solar collector (105) until the frost thickness sensor (123) measures that the evaporator frost thickness D1 is less than D s +3, parameter adjustment is completed and the system is running normally; When the system is in an environment with weak solar radiation or at night, Q s >Q1, in the heat pump system heating mode, open the stop valve (106) and use the electric heating rod set in the solar collector (105) for heating; when T s When T1 is less than or equal to +5, the current flowing into the semiconductor component (108) continuously decreases and increases the opening of the first electronic expansion valve (115), the second electronic expansion valve (117), and the third electronic expansion valve (121), until the condensation temperature T1 detected by the temperature sensor (103) is less than or equal to T s +5, the adjustment parameters are completed and the system is running normally; when T s When -5≥T1, the current flowing into the semiconductor component (108) increases continuously and increases the opening of the first electronic expansion valve (115), the second electronic expansion valve (117) and the third electronic expansion valve (121) until the condensation temperature T1 detected by the temperature sensor (103) is greater than T s -5, the adjustment parameters are completed and the system is in normal operation; in the defrost mode of the heat pump system, the stop valve (106) is closed, and the flow paths of the four-way reversing valve (113), the first reversing valve (116), the second reversing valve (119) and the third reversing valve (122) are switched. When D s When D1 is less than or equal to D1, the high-pressure hot air flow of the vortex tube (112) is used for defrosting; when D s When D1 is less than or equal to +3, the current flowing into the semiconductor assembly (108) and the electric heating rod in the solar collector (105) increases continuously until the frost thickness sensor (123) measures that the evaporator frost thickness D1 is less than D s +3, parameter adjustment is completed and the system is running normally.

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