Tubular graphite heat exchanger

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tubular graphite heat exchangers, and discloses a tubular graphite heat exchanger which comprises a barrel and an anti-blocking mechanism, tube plates are mounted at two ends of the barrel, an upper seal head is connected to one end, away from the barrel, of the upper end tube plate, and a lower seal head is connected to one end, away from the barrel, of the lower end tube plate. Two connecting mechanisms II are symmetrically mounted on the outer surfaces of one ends, close to the tube plate, of the upper sealing head and the lower sealing head; two connecting mechanisms I are symmetrically mounted on the outer surface of the tube plate; through the cooperation of the structure, the upper end socket, the lower end socket and the tube plate on the cylinder body can be quickly assembled and disassembled under the condition that bolts are not used, and the convenience during assembly and disassembly is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of shell-and-tube graphite heat exchangers, in particular to a shell-and-tube graphite heat exchanger. Background Art

[0002] Shell-and-tube graphite heat exchangers are widely used in chemical and alcohol production fields, mainly used as coolers or condensers. Shell-and-tube graphite heat exchangers exchange heat by flowing one medium in the shell through the shell side, and another medium in the graphite tube through the tube side. The two media exchange heat in the heat exchange tube and between the shell side to achieve the transfer of heat energy. In addition, graphite materials have acid corrosion resistance and good thermal conductivity, so that shell-and-tube graphite heat exchangers can withstand higher operating temperatures and rapid cooling and heating within a certain range.

[0003] Tube sheets and heads are key components of shell-and-tube graphite heat exchangers. After long-term operation, the sealing performance may be reduced due to corrosion, wear or scaling, which may lead to leakage. Regularly disassembling tube sheets and heads can check their wear and corrosion, as well as whether the connection between the graphite tube and the tube sheet is firm. If problems are found, they can be repaired or replaced in time to prevent equipment damage or performance degradation.

[0004] Referring to the announcement number CN206818030U, a shell-and-tube graphite heat exchanger comprises a cylinder and graphite heat exchange tubes. The upper and lower parts of the cylinder are respectively provided with a circulating water outlet and a circulating water inlet. An anti-corrosion upper head and an upper tube sheet are provided above the cylinder. The top of the anti-corrosion upper head is provided with a material inlet, and is sealed and fixedly connected to the cylinder through the upper tube sheet. The upper end of the graphite heat exchange tube is sealed and fixedly connected to the upper tube sheet. An anti-corrosion lower head and a lower tube sheet are provided below the cylinder. The lower tube sheet is provided with flow holes corresponding to the graphite heat exchange tubes. The lower ends of the graphite heat exchange tubes are inserted into the flow holes provided on the lower tube sheet and are sealed and fixedly connected to the lower tube sheet. A material outlet is provided at the bottom of the lower head, which is characterized in that: the cylinder and the anti-corrosion lower head are respectively provided with connecting flanges, and the two are in a movable An elastic movable connection is provided on the anti-corrosion lower head, the connecting end is sleeved by the connecting flange of the cylinder and a first gap is left between the two, the lower tube plate is respectively located on the inner sides of the cylinder and the anti-corrosion lower head in the thickness direction and is slidably connected relative to the inner sides of the cylinder and the anti-corrosion lower head, the cross-section of the part corresponding to the lower tube plate and the anti-corrosion lower head is a frustum-shaped with a larger top and a smaller bottom, the inner side of the anti-corrosion lower head is arranged into a frustum-shaped corresponding to the lower tube plate, a second gap is left between the end faces of the cylinder and the anti-corrosion lower head, and an elastic sealing gasket is also included, the elastic sealing gasket includes a first sealing part located between the anti-corrosion lower head and the lower tube plate, a second sealing part located between the cylinder and the end faces of the anti-corrosion lower head, and a third sealing part located between the connecting end and the cylinder.

[0005] In the process of implementing this application, it was found that the technology has the following problems: in the above patent documents, the connection between the upper and lower tube sheets and the upper and lower heads is mainly achieved by connecting flanges, and the flange connection needs to be tightened and fixed by multiple bolts. When the tube sheets and heads are disassembled for maintenance and maintenance of the shell-and-tube graphite heat exchanger, multiple bolts need to be tightened, and the bolts are exposed to the external environment for a long time and may be corroded and rusted, affecting the disassembly and assembly during subsequent maintenance and maintenance, and the convenience of assembly and disassembly is poor.

[0006] For this purpose, we propose a shell-and-tube graphite heat exchanger. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shell-and-tube graphite heat exchanger so as to enable quick assembly and disassembly of an upper head, a lower head and a tube sheet on a cylinder without using bolts, thereby improving the convenience during assembly and disassembly.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A tube-in-tube graphite heat exchanger, comprising a cylinder and an anti-blocking mechanism, wherein tube sheets are installed at both ends of the cylinder, an upper end of the tube sheet away from the cylinder is connected to an upper head, and an end of the tube sheet away from the cylinder is connected to a lower head, two connecting mechanisms 2 are symmetrically installed on the outer surfaces of the ends of the upper head and the lower head close to the tube sheet, and two connecting mechanisms 1 are symmetrically installed on the outer surface of the tube sheet; The connecting mechanism 1 includes a connecting plate 1, the connecting plate 1 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the tube plate, a connecting groove is provided on a side of the connecting plate 1 close to the connecting mechanism 2, a side groove is provided on the inner side wall of the connecting groove, a through groove is provided on the inner side wall of the side groove, a spring is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the side groove close to the through groove, an end of the spring away from the through groove is fixedly connected to a plug post, a pulling rod is fixedly connected to the middle of a side of the plug post close to the spring, and an end of the pulling rod away from the plug post passes through the spring and the middle of the through groove and is fixedly connected to a pulling block; The second connecting mechanism includes a second connecting plate, and the number of the second connecting plates is four. Two of the second connecting plates are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outer surface of the upper head, and the other two of the second connecting plates are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outer surface of the lower head. A connecting plug plate is fixedly connected to a side of the second connecting plate close to the first connecting mechanism, and a positioning hole is opened on the outer surface of the connecting plug plate. The inner surface of the positioning hole is slidably connected to the outer surface of the plug column, and the outer surface of the connecting plug plate is plugged into the inner surface of the connecting groove.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lower surface of the upper head is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the tube sheet at the upper end, and a feed port is installed on the upper surface of the upper head. The upper surface of the lower head is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the tube sheet at the lower end, and a discharge port is installed on the lower surface of the lower head.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a diversion cavity is provided inside the tube plate, the internal volume of the diversion cavity at the upper end is connected to the feed port, and the internal volume of the diversion cavity at the lower end is connected to the discharge port.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a sealing rubber ring is bonded to the inner wall of the diversion chamber near the feed port and the discharge port, a plurality of deformation holes are opened inside the sealing rubber ring, and the inner wall of the deformation hole at the upper end is in contact with the outer surface of the feed port, and the inner wall of the deformation hole at the lower end is in contact with the outer surface of the discharge port.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of graphite heat exchange tubes are installed inside the cylinder, and both ends of the graphite heat exchange tubes are respectively connected to the interior of the diverter cavity at the upper end and the interior of the diverter cavity at the lower end.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of baffles are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the internal volume cavity at the lower end of the cylinder is connected to a water inlet, and the internal volume cavity at the upper end of the water inlet is connected to a water outlet.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the anti-blocking mechanism includes a high-pressure air pump, which is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the tube plate, and the air outlet of the diversion chamber is connected to an air duct, and one end of the air duct away from the high-pressure air pump is connected to the interior of the diversion chamber.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a filter screen is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the opening of one end of the air duct close to the diversion cavity, and a solenoid valve is installed on the outer surface of one end of the air duct close to the filter screen.

[0017] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. In the present invention, when assembling the upper head, the lower head and the tube sheet on the cylinder, the upper head and the lower head are respectively moved closer to the tube sheet from the two ends of the cylinder. At the same time, the pulling block is pulled to make the pulling rod drive the plug to compress the spring inside the side groove until the plug is completely pulled into the side groove; then the connecting plug plate can be completely inserted into the connecting plate one, and then the pulling block is released, and the plug is driven from the side groove to the positioning hole under the elastic reset action of the spring, thereby realizing the connection between the connecting mechanism one and the connecting mechanism two, and then completing the connection between the upper head and the tube sheet and the lower head and the tube sheet; through the cooperation of the above structure, the upper head, the lower head and the tube sheet on the cylinder can be quickly assembled and disassembled without using bolts, thereby improving the convenience during assembly and disassembly.

[0018] 2. In the present invention, when the material transported into the diversion chamber is blocked, the high-pressure air pump can be started and the solenoid valve can be opened, so that the high-pressure air pump draws external gas and transports it to the inside of the diversion chamber through the air duct. The gas entering the diversion chamber will flow toward the graphite heat exchange tube, the feed port or the discharge port, thereby flushing and clearing the blocked material, thereby improving the anti-blocking effect of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a stereogram of the present invention; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 3 The present invention Figure 2 A magnified image of point A; Figure 4 The present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B.

[0020] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1-cylinder; 2-upper head; 3-lower head; 4-tube sheet; 5-anti-blocking mechanism; 6-sealing rubber ring; 7-connecting mechanism one; 8-connecting mechanism two; 11-water inlet; 12-water outlet; 13-graphite heat exchange tube; 14-baffle; 21-feed port; 31-discharge port; 41-diversion chamber; 51-high-pressure air pump; 52-air guide pipe; 53-filter screen; 54-solenoid valve; 61-deformation hole; 71-connecting plate one; 72-connecting groove; 73-side groove; 74-through groove; 75-insertion column, 76-spring; 77-pull rod; 78-pull block; 81-connecting plate two; 82-connecting plug plate; 83-positioning hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] The following will be combined Figure 1-Figure 4 A shell-and-tube graphite heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail. Example

[0023] Reference Figure 1-Figure 4 A tubular graphite heat exchanger comprises a cylinder 1 and an anti-blocking mechanism 5, tube sheets 4 are installed at both ends of the cylinder 1, an upper end of the upper end of the tube sheet 4 away from the cylinder 1 is connected to an upper head 2, and an end of the lower end of the tube sheet 4 away from the cylinder 1 is connected to a lower head 3, two connecting mechanisms 2 8 are symmetrically installed on the outer surfaces of the ends of the upper head 2 and the lower head 3 close to the tube sheet 4, and two connecting mechanisms 1 7 are symmetrically installed on the outer surface of the tube sheet 4; the lower surface of the upper head 2 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the upper end tube sheet 4, a feed port 21 is installed on the upper surface of the upper head 2, the upper surface of the lower head 3 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the lower end tube sheet 4, and a discharge port 31 is installed on the lower surface of the lower head 3; a diverter cavity 41 is opened inside the tube sheet 4, and the internal volume of the upper end diverter cavity 41 is aligned with the feed port 21 The internal volume of the lower diverter chamber 41 is connected with the discharge port 31; a plurality of graphite heat exchange tubes 13 are installed inside the cylinder 1, and the two ends of the graphite heat exchange tubes 13 are respectively connected with the interior of the upper diverter chamber 41 and the lower diverter chamber 41; a plurality of baffles 14 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder 1; the internal volume of the lower end of the cylinder 1 is connected with the water inlet 11, and the internal volume of the upper end of the water inlet 11 is connected with the water outlet 12; specifically, when the cylinder 1 is used for work, cooling water enters from the water inlet 11 and flows out from the water outlet 12, and the material enters from the feed port 21, and under the action of the graphite heat exchange tubes 13, the baffles 14 and the cooling water, heat exchange occurs inside the cylinder 1, thereby cooling the material, and the cooled material is discharged from the discharge port 31.

[0024] Reference Figure 1-Figure 4A sealing rubber ring 6 is bonded to the inner wall of the diverter cavity 41 near the feed port 21 and the discharge port 31, and a plurality of deformation holes 61 are opened inside the sealing rubber ring 6, and the inner wall of the upper deformation hole 61 fits with the outer surface of the feed port 21, and the inner wall of the lower deformation hole 61 fits with the outer surface of the discharge port 31; specifically, when the feed port 21 or the discharge port 31 is inserted into the diverter cavity 41, the lower outer surface of the feed port 21 or the discharge port 31 will be squeezed with the sealing rubber ring 6, and the deformation hole 61 can provide a deformation space for the deformation of the sealing rubber ring 6, thereby improving the sealing performance.

[0025] Reference Figure 1-Figure 4 The anti-blocking mechanism 5 includes a high-pressure air pump 51, which is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the tube plate 4, and the air outlet of the diverter chamber 41 is connected to an air guide pipe 52, and one end of the air guide pipe 52 away from the high-pressure air pump 51 is connected to the inside of the diverter chamber 41; a filter screen 53 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the opening of one end of the air guide pipe 52 close to the diverter chamber 41, and an electromagnetic valve 54 is installed on the outer surface of one end of the air guide pipe 52 close to the filter screen 53; specifically, when the transported material is blocked in the diverter chamber 41 or inside the graphite heat exchange tube 13, the high-pressure air pump 51 can be started and the electromagnetic valve 54 can be opened, so that the high-pressure air pump 51 draws external gas and transports it to the inside of the diverter chamber 41 through the air guide pipe 52, and the gas entering the diverter chamber 41 will flow toward the graphite heat exchange tube 13, the feed port 21 or the discharge port 31, thereby dispersing and clearing the blocked material, thereby improving the anti-blocking effect of the device.

[0026] Reference Figure 1-Figure 4The connecting mechanism 1 7 includes a connecting plate 1 71, which is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the tube plate 4. A connecting groove 72 is provided on a side of the connecting plate 1 71 close to the connecting mechanism 2 8. A side groove 73 is provided on the inner side wall of the connecting groove 72. A through groove 74 is provided on the inner side wall of the side groove 73. A spring 76 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the side groove 73 close to the through groove 74. A plug post 75 is fixedly connected to the end of the spring 76 away from the through groove 74. A pull rod 77 is fixedly connected to the middle of a side of the plug post 75 close to the spring 76. The end of the pull rod 77 away from the plug post 75 passes through the spring 76 and the through groove 74. A pulling block 78 is fixedly connected to the middle rear part; the connecting mechanism 2 8 includes a connecting plate 2 81, the number of the connecting plates 2 81 is four, two connecting plates 2 81 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outer surface of the upper head 2, and the other two connecting plates 2 81 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outer surface of the lower head 3, and the connecting plate 2 81 is fixedly connected to a connecting plug plate 82 on one side close to the connecting mechanism 1 7, and a positioning hole 83 is opened on the outer surface of the connecting plug plate 82, and the inner surface of the positioning hole 83 is slidably connected to the outer surface of the plug column 75, and the outer surface of the connecting plug plate 82 is plugged into the inner surface of the connecting groove 72; specifically, when it is needed When the upper head 2, lower head 3 and tube sheet 4 on the cylinder 1 are to be disassembled for maintenance and repair, the pulling block 78 can be pulled to make the pulling rod 77 drive the plug post 75 to compress the spring 76 inside the side groove 73 until the plug post 75 is completely pulled into the side groove 73, so as to remove the upper head 2 and the lower head 3 from the tube sheet 4 for maintenance and repair; when the maintenance and repair are completed, the upper head 2 and the lower head 3 can be moved closer to the tube sheet 4 from both ends of the cylinder 1, and at the same time, the pulling block 78 can be pulled to make the pulling rod 77 drive the plug post 75 to compress the spring 76 inside the side groove 73 until the plug post 75 is completely pulled into the side groove 73; then the connecting plug plate 82 can be completely inserted into the connecting plate 1 71, and then the pulling block 78 can be released, and the elastic reset action of the spring 76 will drive the plug post 75 to be inserted from the side groove 73 into the positioning hole 83, thereby realizing the connection between the connecting mechanism 1 7 and the connecting mechanism 2 8, and then completing the connection between the upper head 2 and the tube sheet 4 and the lower head 3 and the tube sheet 4; through the cooperation of the above structure, the upper head 2, the lower head 3 and the tube sheet 4 on the cylinder 1 can be quickly assembled and disassembled without using bolts, thereby improving the convenience during assembly and disassembly.

[0027] The implementation principle of a shell-and-tube graphite heat exchanger embodiment of the present application is: When using the device, first connect to an external power source. When the cylinder 1 is working, cooling water enters from the water inlet 11 and flows out from the water outlet 12. The material enters from the feed port 21. Under the action of the graphite heat exchange tube 13, the baffle 14 and the cooling water, heat exchange occurs inside the cylinder 1, thereby cooling the material. The cooled material is discharged from the discharge port 31.

[0028] When the transported material is blocked in the diverter chamber 41 or inside the graphite heat exchange tube 13, the high-pressure air pump 51 can be started and the solenoid valve 54 can be opened, so that the high-pressure air pump 51 draws external gas and transports it to the diverter chamber 41 through the air guide tube 52. The gas entering the diverter chamber 41 will flow toward the graphite heat exchange tube 13, the feed port 21 or the discharge port 31, thereby clearing the blocked material and improving the anti-blocking effect of the device.

[0029] When it is necessary to disassemble the upper head 2, lower head 3 and tube sheet 4 on the cylinder 1 for maintenance and repair, the pulling block 78 can be pulled to make the pulling rod 77 drive the plug post 75 to compress the spring 76 inside the side groove 73 until the plug post 75 is completely pulled into the side groove 73, so as to remove the upper head 2 and the lower head 3 from the tube sheet 4 for maintenance and repair; when the maintenance and repair are completed, the upper head 2 and the lower head 3 can be moved closer to the tube sheet 4 from both ends of the cylinder 1, and at the same time, the pulling block 78 can be pulled to make the pulling rod 77 drive the plug post 75 to compress the spring 76 inside the side groove 73 until the plug post 75 is completely pulled into the side groove 73. Pull it into the side groove 73; then the connecting plug plate 82 can be completely inserted into the connecting plate 1 71, and then the pulling block 78 can be released. Under the elastic restoring action of the spring 76, the plug column 75 will be driven to be inserted from the side groove 73 into the positioning hole 83, thereby realizing the connection between the connecting mechanism 1 7 and the connecting mechanism 2 8, and then completing the connection between the upper head 2 and the tube sheet 4 and the lower head 3 and the tube sheet 4; through the cooperation of the above structure, the upper head 2, the lower head 3 and the tube sheet 4 on the cylinder 1 can be quickly assembled and disassembled without using bolts, thereby improving the convenience during assembly and disassembly.

[0030] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0031] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shell-and-tube graphite heat exchanger, comprising a cylinder (1) and an anti-blocking mechanism (5), characterized in that: Tube sheets (4) are installed at both ends of the cylinder (1); an upper end of the tube sheet (4) away from the cylinder (1) is connected to an upper head (2); an end of the tube sheet (4) away from the cylinder (1) is connected to a lower head (3); two connecting mechanisms (2) (8) are symmetrically installed on the outer surfaces of the ends of the upper head (2) and the lower head (3) close to the tube sheet (4); and two connecting mechanisms (1) (7) are symmetrically installed on the outer surface of the tube sheet (4); The connecting mechanism 1 (7) comprises a connecting plate 1 (71), the connecting plate 1 (71) being fixedly connected to the outer surface of the tube plate (4), a connecting groove (72) being provided on a side surface of the connecting plate 1 (71) close to the connecting mechanism 2 (8), a side groove (73) being provided on an inner side wall of the connecting groove (72), a through groove (74) being provided on an inner side wall of the side groove (73), a spring (76) being fixedly connected to an inner side wall of the side groove (73) close to the through groove (74), an end of the spring (76) away from the through groove (74) being fixedly connected to an insertion column (75), a pulling rod (77) being fixedly connected to a middle portion of a side surface of the insertion column (75) close to the spring (76), and an end of the pulling rod (77) away from the insertion column (75) passing through the spring (76) and the middle portion of the through groove (74) and then being fixedly connected to a pulling block (78); The second connecting mechanism (8) comprises a second connecting plate (81), the number of the second connecting plates (81) is four, two of the second connecting plates (81) are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outer surface of the upper head (2), and the other two of the second connecting plates (81) are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outer surface of the lower head (3), and the second connecting plate (81) is fixedly connected to a connecting plug plate (82) on a side surface close to the first connecting mechanism (7), and a positioning hole (83) is formed on the outer surface of the connecting plug plate (82), and the inner surface of the positioning hole (83) is slidably connected to the outer surface of the plug column (75), and the outer surface of the connecting plug plate (82) is plugged into the inner surface of the connecting groove (72).

2. A shell-and-tube graphite heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower surface of the upper head (2) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the tube sheet (4) at the upper end, and a feed port (21) is installed on the upper surface of the upper head (2); the upper surface of the lower head (3) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the tube sheet (4) at the lower end, and a discharge port (31) is installed on the lower surface of the lower head (3).

3. A shell-and-tube graphite heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that: A flow diversion cavity (41) is provided inside the tube plate (4); the internal volume of the flow diversion cavity (41) at the upper end is connected to the feed port (21), and the internal volume of the flow diversion cavity (41) at the lower end is connected to the discharge port (31).

4. A shell-and-tube graphite heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that: A sealing rubber ring (6) is bonded to the inner side wall of the diversion cavity (41) near the feed port (21) and the discharge port (31), and a plurality of deformation holes (61) are provided inside the sealing rubber ring (6). The inner side wall of the upper deformation hole (61) is in contact with the outer surface of the feed port (21), and the inner side wall of the lower deformation hole (61) is in contact with the outer surface of the discharge port (31).

5. The shell-and-tube graphite heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of graphite heat exchange tubes (13) are installed inside the cylinder (1), and both ends of the graphite heat exchange tubes (13) are respectively connected to the interior of the upper flow diversion chamber (41) and the lower flow diversion chamber (41).

6. The shell-and-tube graphite heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of baffles (14) are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the cylinder (1).

7. The shell-and-tube graphite heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal cavity at the lower end of the cylinder (1) is connected to a water inlet (11), and the internal cavity at the upper end of the water inlet (11) is connected to a water outlet (12).

8. The shell-and-tube graphite heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-blocking mechanism (5) comprises a high-pressure air pump (51), the high-pressure air pump (51) being fixedly connected to the outer surface of the tube plate (4), the air outlet of the flow diversion cavity (41) being connected to an air guide pipe (52), and one end of the air guide pipe (52) away from the high-pressure air pump (51) being connected to the interior of the flow diversion cavity (41).

9. The shell-and-tube graphite heat exchanger according to claim 8, characterized in that: A filter screen (53) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the opening of one end of the air guide tube (52) close to the diversion chamber (41), and a solenoid valve (54) is installed on the outer surface of one end of the air guide tube (52) close to the filter screen (53).

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