Surface runoff collecting and monitoring device

Abstract

The invention discloses a surface runoff collecting and monitoring device which comprises a collecting and monitoring device body which is composed of a field plot partition area, a runoff collecting and metering area and a flow collecting and gathering area. The field plot partition area comprises a plurality of monitoring plots, a ridge is arranged in the middle of each monitoring plot, the ridges are spliced and connected through a U-shaped groove and are backfilled with earthwork, a geomembrane is vertically laid at the bottom of the U-shaped groove, the geomembrane extends upwards along a groove body of the U-shaped groove, and the geomembrane is connected with the monitoring plots in a staggered mode. And the barrier is used for blocking nutrient exchange of the field parcels of all the monitoring plots. According to the method, the construction difficulty of a non-point source pollution positioning test is reduced, and meanwhile, the related workload is reduced; meanwhile, the influence on the field environment is reduced, the basic property of a test field is not changed, and later-stage adjustment and withdrawal of material arrangement are facilitated; the device is suitable for monitoring basic surface runoff samples of paddy fields and dry lands, and can also accurately guide and meter field water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of farmland non-point source pollution monitoring, and in particular to a surface runoff collection and monitoring device. Background Art

[0002] Chemical fertilizers play an indelible and important role in promoting agricultural production. The application of chemical fertilizers has made a huge contribution to increasing grain production, especially the widespread application of nitrogen fertilizers, which plays a key role in ensuring the yield and maintaining high yield of the overall planting system. Since it is difficult to accurately estimate the demand for fertilizers by crops, in order to ensure the yield of crops, excessive fertilizer application often occurs in actual agricultural production.

[0003] Excessive application of fertilizers leads to a decrease in nutrient utilization efficiency and increases the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural ecosystems. Driven by factors such as precipitation, the nutrients accumulated in farmland can be lost and migrate into water bodies in the form of runoff water or leached water, which has a great negative impact on the quality of the final receiving water body. Eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs caused by excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorus is regarded as an important water environment problem worldwide, among which the diffusion of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural non-point sources is gradually being paid attention to in research. Eutrophication of water bodies is a problem involving a broad regional scale. When excessive enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorus in regional water bodies causes nutrient imbalance, it can induce the continuous reproduction of a single dominant crop, thus forming algal blooms on the water surface. Large algal blooms cause hypoxia in the water body, the death of a large number of aquatic organisms, and the loss of balance in the ecosystem.

[0004] As a research topic, agricultural non-point source pollution has an impact on the quality of rural ecological environment, agricultural sustainable development and other fields. Due to its high randomness, it cannot be monitored and controlled by means of controlling piped sewage and other means of suppressing point source pollution. With the increase of agricultural environmental pressure, the quantitative monitoring of field surface runoff has attracted widespread attention and is also a major problem that needs to be solved in the development of modern agriculture. How to accurately quantify farmland runoff has been studied and discussed by the academic community. The monitoring results of the traditional simulated rainfall method are often quite different from those under natural rainfall conditions. At the same time, the traditional runoff pool method has a large investment, and concrete and other materials entering farmland have a greater impact on the environment, and the cost of later maintenance and demolition is high. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects or deficiencies in the prior art, it is desired to provide a surface runoff collection and monitoring device to solve the technical problems of how to accurately quantify farmland runoff, replace the traditional simulated rainfall monitoring method, and the traditional runoff pool method has a large investment, and the entry of concrete into farmland has a great impact on the environment, and the subsequent maintenance and demolition costs are high.

[0006] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, the surface runoff collection and monitoring device includes a collection and monitoring device body, which is composed of a field plot partition area, a runoff collection and metering area, and a runoff collection and aggregation area;

[0007] The field plot partition area includes a plurality of monitoring plots, each of which has a ridge in the middle, the ridge is connected by U-shaped grooves, and backfilled with earth, and a geomembrane is vertically laid at the bottom of the U-shaped groove, and the geomembrane extends upward along the groove body of the U-shaped groove, so as to block the nutrient exchange of each monitoring plot;

[0008] The runoff collection and metering area is arranged at the field ridge on one side of each monitoring area, and is used for surface runoff monitoring of each monitoring area;

[0009] The runoff collection and aggregation area includes a runoff pool and a water collection pond. The runoff pool is a U-shaped trough body, and is integrally connected to the runoff collection pipes on the runoff collection and metering areas of each of the monitoring areas. One end of the runoff pool is connected to the water collection pond, so that the water body of runoff monitoring is gathered in the water collection pond for unified treatment or recycling.

[0010] Furthermore, the ridge partition is 30 centimeters above the ground.

[0011] Furthermore, the runoff collection and metering area has a semi-elliptical structure, and includes a root controller, a runoff collection pipe, a water valve switch and a flow meter. The root controller is arranged outside the drain outlet on the runoff collection pipe, the water valve switch is fixedly installed on the runoff collection pipe, and the flow meter is fixedly installed on the rear end of the water valve switch on the runoff collection pipe, and is used for accurate measurement of the runoff water volume in the monitoring area.

[0012] Furthermore, the outside of the root controller is filled with zeolite particles with a diameter of 10 cm, and a PVC plate is installed on the inside of the root controller. The PVC plate is provided with a plurality of irregular pores for the root controller to filter impurities in the runoff water.

[0013] Furthermore, the zeolite particles and the PVC board are 20 centimeters above the ground.

[0014] Furthermore, the diameter of the runoff collection pipe is 10 cm.

[0015] Furthermore, the runoff collection and metering area is located at the lowest position of the field in the monitoring area.

[0016] Furthermore, the runoff pool is arranged in the middle of a plurality of horizontally and relatively arranged monitoring cells.

[0017] In summary, the beneficial effects of this application are:

[0018] 1. The present invention is different from the traditional runoff pool method. The lower layer is vertically laid with geomembrane, and the upper layer is separated by a ridge with U-shaped trough backfill soil. The geomembrane is laid upward along the trough body track and finally pressed into the trough body to separate the nutrient exchange between the fields in the monitoring area. At the same time, irrigation pipes can be laid in it. At the same time, the ridge partition is about 0.3m higher than the field surface as a whole, ensuring that the field water cannot overflow the field, which is conducive to the collection of runoff samples.

[0019] 2. A double-layer filtering root controller is installed outside the drain outlet to protect the pipe from being blocked by straw, roots, floating algae, etc. To ensure that the drain outlet is the lowest point of the field, vermiculite or zeolite is laid around it to stabilize the position of the pipe and facilitate the cleaning of the drain outlet in the future;

[0020] 3. The monitoring plots on both sides share the U-shaped drainage channel in the middle to increase land utilization and facilitate subsequent water discharge;

[0021] 4. The present invention reduces the construction difficulty of non-point source pollution positioning test and reduces the related workload; at the same time, it reduces the impact on the field environment, does not change the basic nature of the test field, and the layout of materials is convenient for later adjustment and withdrawal; it is suitable for basic surface runoff sample monitoring of paddy fields and dry land, and can also achieve accurate field water guidance and measurement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the runoff collection area of ​​the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the runoff collection device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the drain outlet of the present invention.

[0026] Numbers in the figure: 1-U-shaped trough, 2-runoff collection pipe, 3-geomembrane, 4-flow meter, 5-zeolite, 6-root controller, 7-PVC board, 8-drain outlet, 9-water valve switch, 10-runoff collection and metering area, 11-runoff pool, 12-collection pond. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the relevant inventions, rather than to limit the inventions. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0028] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0029] The surface runoff collection and monitoring device has a structure such as Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, it includes a collection and monitoring device body, which is composed of a field cell partition area, a runoff collection and metering area 10 and a runoff collection and aggregation area; the field cell partition area includes a plurality of monitoring cells 13, each monitoring cell 13 is provided with a ridge in the middle, the ridge is spliced ​​and connected by a U-shaped groove 1, and backfilled with earth, and a geomembrane 3 is vertically laid at the bottom of the U-shaped groove 1, and the geomembrane 3 extends upward along the groove body of the U-shaped groove 1, which is used to block the nutrient exchange of each monitoring cell 13 field; the runoff collection The collection and metering area 10 is arranged at the ridge on one side of each monitoring area 13, and is used for surface runoff monitoring of each monitoring area 13; the collection and aggregation area includes a runoff pool 11 and a collection pond 12, the runoff pool 11 is a U-shaped trough, and is integrally connected to the runoff collection pipe 2 on the runoff collection and metering area 10 of each monitoring area 13, and one end of the runoff pool 11 is connected to the collection pond 12, so that the water body of runoff monitoring is gathered in the collection pond 12 for unified treatment or recycling.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 The height of the field ridge partition is 30 cm above the ground, which ensures that the field water in the monitoring area 13 cannot overflow the field, which is conducive to the collection of runoff samples.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The runoff collection and metering area 10 is a semi-elliptical structure (it can also be other shapes), and the runoff collection and metering area 10 includes a root controller 6, a runoff collection pipe 5, a water valve switch 9 and a flow meter 4. The root controller 6 is arranged on the outside of the drain port 8 on the runoff collection pipe 2, and the water valve switch 9 is fixedly installed on the runoff collection pipe 2. The drain port 8 controls the drainage through the water valve switch 9. When it is necessary to monitor the surface runoff, open the water valve 9 to drain the water to the runoff pool 11 for sampling. The paddy field environment is usually kept unobstructed with the field water. The dry land is diverted into the drain port by digging a cross ditch, and the flow meter 4 is fixedly installed at the rear end of the water valve switch 9 on the runoff collection pipe 2, which is used to monitor the accurate measurement of the runoff water volume of the plot 13.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The outside of the root controller 6 is filled with zeolite 5 particles with a diameter of 10 cm, and a PVC plate 7 is installed on the inside of the root controller 6. The PVC plate 7 is provided with a number of irregular pores for the root controller 6 to filter impurities in the runoff water and prevent straw, roots, floating algae, etc. from entering the drain outlet 8 and causing pipe blockage.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 The zeolite 5 particles and the PVC board 7 are 20 cm above the ground, so that the runoff water in the monitoring area 13 is filtered before entering the runoff collection pipe 2.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 The diameter of the runoff collection pipe 2 is 10 cm, which is convenient for quickly discharging the runoff water in the field of the monitoring area 13.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 The runoff collection and metering area 10 is set at the lowest position of the monitoring area 13 fields, so as to facilitate the runoff water in the monitoring area 13 fields to enter the runoff collection pipe 2.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 The runoff pool 11 is arranged in the middle of a plurality of horizontal and relatively arranged monitoring areas 13, and the monitoring areas 13 on both sides share it for surface runoff sampling and field drainage.

[0037] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0038] The present invention is different from the traditional runoff pool method. The geomembrane 3 is vertically laid on the lower layer of the ridge of the monitoring area 13, and the upper layer is backfilled with soil using a U-shaped trough 1 to separate the ridge. The geomembrane 3 is laid upward along the track of the U-shaped trough 1 and finally pressed into the trough to separate the nutrient exchange between the fields in the monitoring area 13. At the same time, an irrigation pipe can be laid in the U-shaped trough 1 for irrigating the fields. At the same time, the ridge separation is about 30 cm higher than the field surface as a whole, ensuring that field water cannot overflow from the fields, which is conducive to the collection of runoff samples. A runoff collection and metering area 10 with a semi-elliptical structure is set at the lowest point of the fields in the monitoring area 13, and a runoff collection pipe 2 is installed in the runoff collection and metering area 10, and a root controller 6 is installed on the outside of the runoff collection pipe 2, and a root controller 6 is installed on the root controller Vermiculite or zeolite 5 with a diameter of 10 cm is arranged on the outside of the device 6 to stabilize the position of the pipeline. At the same time, a PVC board 7 with irregular pores is installed on the inside of the root controller 6, so that a double-layer filtering root controller 6 is arranged on the outside of the runoff collection pipe 2, so that the root controller 6 protects the pipeline from being blocked by straw, roots, floating algae, etc., which is convenient for future cleaning of the drain outlet 8. The monitoring plots 13 on both sides share the middle drainage channel to increase the utilization rate of the land and facilitate the subsequent discharge of water bodies. At the same time, the runoff pool 11 is connected to the runoff collection pipe 2 on the runoff collection and metering area 10 of each monitoring plot 13 as a whole, and one end of the runoff pool 11 is connected to the collection pond 12, so that the water body of runoff monitoring is gathered in the collection pond 12 for unified treatment or recycling.

[0039] The operating mode of the surface runoff collection and monitoring device of the experimental plot of the present invention is to monitor and collect rainfall by setting up a small meteorological station and a rain gauge around the partition area of ​​the field plot, installing a water meter at the irrigation port to measure the field irrigation amount, and setting a water level meter in the field to monitor the field water level changes during the rice season and determine whether to discharge surface runoff. When the irrigation amount or precipitation during the rice season exceeds the conventional field ridge height, it is considered that surface runoff is generated and drainage begins. Ridges and ditches are dug on the dry land field surface, and the accumulated water retained in the cross ditch of the field is considered as surface runoff and discharged through the drain port. Surface runoff sampling is generally selected on a sunny day after the runoff event. The drain port 8 water valve switch 9 is opened to allow the runoff to be discharged into the runoff pool 11 through the pipeline. The flow meter 4 measures the drainage volume, and the water samples of different time periods are collected by a water sampler. Mix to form samples and send them to the laboratory for analysis. When the water level in the rice season is roughly the same as before the runoff event and the water in the cross ditch of the dry land is basically drained, the drain port water valve is closed and it is considered that the fixed-point monitoring of a non-point source pollution runoff event is completed.

[0040] The present invention reduces the construction difficulty of non-point source pollution positioning test and reduces the related workload; at the same time, it reduces the impact on the field environment, does not change the basic properties of the test field, and the layout of materials is convenient for later adjustment and withdrawal; it is suitable for basic surface runoff sample monitoring of paddy fields and dry land, and can also achieve accurate field water guidance and measurement.

[0041] The above description is only an explanation of the preferred embodiments of the present application and the technical principles and other schemes used. At the same time, the scope of the invention involved in the present application is not limited to the technical scheme formed by a specific combination of the above technical features, but also should cover other technical schemes formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features are replaced with the technical features with similar functions disclosed in the present application (but not limited to) by each other to form a technical scheme.

Claims

1. A surface runoff collection and monitoring device, characterized by: It includes a collection and monitoring device body, which is composed of a field plot separation area, a runoff collection and metering area (10) and a runoff collection and aggregation area; The field plot partition area includes a plurality of monitoring plots (13), each of which is provided with a ridge in the middle, the ridge being spliced ​​and connected by a U-shaped trough (1) and backfilled with earth, and a geomembrane (3) is vertically laid at the bottom of the U-shaped trough (1), and the geomembrane (3) extends upward along the trough body of the U-shaped trough (1) to block the nutrient exchange of each of the monitoring plots (13); The runoff collection and metering area (10) is arranged at the field ridge on one side of each monitoring area (13) and is used for monitoring the surface runoff of each monitoring area (13); The runoff collection and aggregation area comprises a runoff pool (11) and a water collection pond (12); the runoff pool (11) is a U-shaped trough body and integrally connects the runoff collection pipe (2) on the runoff collection and metering area (10) of each monitoring area (13); and one end of the runoff pool (11) is connected to the water collection pond (12), so that the water body of the runoff monitoring is gathered in the water collection pond (12) for unified treatment or recycling.

2. The surface runoff collection and monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ridge partition height is 30 centimeters above the ground.

3. The surface runoff collection and monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The runoff collection and metering area (10) is in a semi-elliptical structure, and comprises a root controller (6), a runoff collection pipe (2), a water valve switch (9) and a flow meter (4); the root controller (6) is arranged outside a drainage port (8) on the runoff collection pipe (2); the water valve switch (9) is fixedly mounted on the runoff collection pipe (2); and the flow meter (4) is fixedly mounted on the rear end of the water valve switch (9) on the runoff collection pipe (2), and is used for accurately measuring the amount of runoff water in the field of the monitoring area (13).

4. The surface runoff collection and monitoring device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The outside of the root controller (6) is filled with zeolite (5) particles with a diameter of 10 cm, and a PVC plate (7) is installed on the inside of the root controller (6). The PVC plate (7) is provided with a plurality of irregular pores for the root controller (6) to filter impurities in the runoff water.

5. The surface runoff collection and monitoring device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The height of the zeolite (5) particles and the PVC board (7) is 20 cm above the ground.

6. The surface runoff collection and monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The runoff collection and metering area (10) is arranged at the lowest position of the field of the monitoring area (13).

7. The surface runoff collection and monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The runoff pool (11) is arranged in the middle of a plurality of horizontally and relatively arranged monitoring cells (13).

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