A dimming film and dimming glass

Abstract

The present invention provides a switchable film and switchable glass that can vary visible light transmittance between the off and on states. By introducing a light-control layer with variable thickness and a balancing layer without active components to compensate for the thickness loss of the light-control layer, a switchable film with variable visible light transmittance is achieved. This switchable film can provide comprehensive dimming effects in applications requiring variable transmittance, meeting the functional and aesthetic requirements of various scenarios in transportation and architecture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electronic light-controlling materials, and in particular to a dimming film and dimming glass. Background Art

[0002] A dimming film is an electronic light-control device that essentially places a light-control layer between two layers of transparent conductive film. When an electric field is applied, the arrangement or state of the materials in the light-control layer changes, thereby altering the device's light transmission characteristics, such as switching from low transmittance to high transmittance, or vice versa. Through the action of the electric field, rapid switching between on and off states can be achieved. Depending on the light-control mechanism of the light-control layer, dimming films can be categorized as suspended particle dimming films, polymer dispersed liquid crystal dimming films, and electrochemical reaction dimming films.

[0003] The dimming films known in the art, such as polymer dispersed liquid crystal dimming films and suspended particle dimming films, will change from opaque to uniformly transparent in the on state, while the electrochemical reaction dimming films will change from transparent to uniformly opaque in the on state. Of course, there are also reverse mode dimming films, such as reverse polymer dispersed liquid crystal dimming films, which will change from transparent to uniformly opaque in the on state. In short, the visible light transmittance distribution of existing dimming films is uniform in the on state. There are also technologies that divide the entire dimming film into sections and apply different power supplies to different sections to achieve different visible light transmittances of the entire dimming film in the on state. This will increase the manufacturing cost of the dimming film and cannot achieve the effect of continuous and gradual changes. However, in some cases, if a dimming film with a continuously and gradually changing visible light transmittance in the off or on state can be used, for example, if a car windshield can present a visible light transmittance change effect of low at the top and high at the bottom, the driver can avoid being exposed to light pollution such as strong glare when the motor vehicle is traveling at high speed, while at the same time ensuring a clear field of vision and improving driving safety. In addition, some buildings also require dimming glass to present a gradually changing visible light transmittance to meet aesthetic requirements.

[0004] By introducing a balancing layer without active components, the present invention enables a patterned design of the light-control layer. Under a constant applied voltage, the dimming film can produce a variable light transmittance effect while maintaining the overall thickness of the light-control layer. This avoids the subsequent production difficulties caused by thickness variations in the light-control layer and optimizes the manufacturing process of the variable-transmittance dimming film. This dimming film can provide comprehensive dimming effects in applications requiring continuous light transmittance variation, meeting the functional and aesthetic requirements of various scenarios, such as transportation and architecture. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The inventors propose a dimming film and a dimming film glass in which the visible light transmittance varies along at least one direction of the dimming film surface.

[0006] In a first aspect of the present invention, a dimming film is provided, comprising a first transparent substrate (1-1), a first transparent conductive layer (2-1), a light control layer (3), a balancing layer (4), a second transparent conductive layer (2-2), and a second transparent substrate (1-2) stacked in sequence, wherein the light control layer (3) contains a light control active component, the balancing layer (4) does not contain a light control active component, and the sum of the thicknesses of the light control layer and the balancing layer is a constant value; in an off state, the dimming film has different regions of visible light transmittance along at least one direction of the dimming film surface, and Qoff is used to represent the degree of difference in visible light transmittance of the regions in this state.

[0007] Qoff=(Toff max -Toff min ) / Loff,

[0008] Among them, Toff max Toff is the maximum visible light transmittance of the switchable film along the direction in the off state, min is the minimum visible light transmittance in the direction,

[0009] Loff is Toff max With Toff min The distance between two points in meters,

[0010] Qoff is a dimensionless value,

[0011] Among them, the Qoff value is: 30.0≥Qoff≥0.05.

[0012] Furthermore, the Qoff value is: 20.0≥Qoff≥0.08.

[0013] Furthermore, the Qoff value is: 15.0≥Qoff≥0.1.

[0014] Furthermore, in the off state, there is a region where the visible light transmittance along at least one direction of the surface of the dimming film changes continuously and gradually.

[0015] Furthermore, in the off state, there is a region where the visible light transmittance along at least one direction of the surface of the dimming film changes gradually.

[0016] Furthermore, in the on state, the dimming film has different visible light transmittances along at least one direction of the dimming film surface. The region with different visible light transmittances is a single-zone dimming region. Qon is used to represent the degree of difference in visible light transmittance of the region in this state. Qon = (Ton max -Ton min ) / Lon,

[0017] The Ton max is the maximum visible light transmittance of the region along the direction in the open state, Ton min is the minimum visible light transmittance in the direction,

[0018] Lon to Ton max With Ton min The distance between two points in meters,

[0019] Qon is a dimensionless value,

[0020] Among them, the Qon value is: 30.0≥Qon≥0.05.

[0021] Furthermore, the Qon value is: 20.0≥Qon≥0.08.

[0022] Furthermore, the Qon value is: 15.0≥Qon≥0.1.

[0023] Furthermore, in the on state, the visible light transmittance along at least one direction of the surface of the dimming film has a region where it changes continuously and gradually.

[0024] Furthermore, in the on state, there is a region where the visible light transmittance along at least one direction of the surface of the dimming film changes gradually.

[0025] Furthermore, the light-controlling active component includes at least one of nanoparticles, liquid crystals or electrochromic materials.

[0026] Furthermore, the thickness of the light control layer is uneven in at least one direction along the surface of the dimming film.

[0027] Furthermore, the region where the thickness of the light control layer is uneven along at least one direction of the surface of the dimming film is consistent with the region where the visible light transmittance in the off and / or on state is different along at least one direction of the surface of the dimming film.

[0028] Furthermore, the thickness of the light control layer has a region that changes continuously and gradually along at least one direction on the surface of the dimming film.

[0029] Furthermore, the thickness of the light control layer has a gradient variation region along at least one direction of the surface of the dimming film.

[0030] Furthermore, the dimming film contains a visually discernible area where the light control layer and / or the balancing layer have a thickness of zero.

[0031] Furthermore, the constant value is between 20 and 200 microns.

[0032] Furthermore, the constant value is between 50 and 100 microns.

[0033] Furthermore, the ratio of the room temperature rotational viscosity of the matrix emulsion of the light control layer to the emulsion of the balancing layer is 0.5 to 2.0.

[0034] Furthermore, the ratio of the room temperature rotational viscosity of the matrix emulsion of the light control layer to the emulsion of the balancing layer is 0.8 to 1.2.

[0035] Furthermore, the ratio of the visible light refractive index of the light control layer matrix emulsion to that of the balancing layer emulsion at room temperature is 0.9 to 1.1.

[0036] Furthermore, the ratio of the visible light refractive index of the light-control layer matrix emulsion to that of the balancing layer emulsion at room temperature is 0.95 to 1.05.

[0037] Furthermore, the single-zone dimming area constitutes a whole dimming film.

[0038] Furthermore, the single-zone dimming area and other dimming areas constitute a whole dimming film.

[0039] In the dimming film of the present invention, the other dimming areas are not specifically limited and may be partitioned dimming areas, areas without dimming function, or the single-zone dimming areas of the present invention.

[0040] Furthermore, there is no specific limitation on the number and combination of the single-zone dimming area and other dimming areas.

[0041] Furthermore, the dimming film is a suspended particle dimming film, wherein the light-controlling layer (3) comprises at least three components: a polymer matrix, a suspension medium, and light-controlling active components, i.e., electrically polarizable particles; and the balancing layer (4) comprises a polymer matrix, such as a silicone resin.

[0042] Furthermore, the balancing layer (4) of the suspended particle dimming film is polysiloxane.

[0043] Furthermore, the dimming film is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal dimming film, wherein the light control layer (3) includes a polymer matrix and a light control active component, i.e., at least two components of liquid crystal, and the balancing layer (4) includes a polymer matrix, such as an acrylic polymer.

[0044] Furthermore, the dimming film is an electrochromic dimming film, and its light control layer (3) includes at least three layers: an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, and an ion storage layer. The balance layer (4) includes a polymer in the electrolyte layer or the ion storage layer.

[0045] Furthermore, the first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) is selected from at least one of an ITO conductive layer, a FZO conductive layer, an IZO conductive layer, a GZO conductive layer, an AZO conductive layer, a PEDOT conductive layer, a nano-Ag wire conductive layer, conductive graphene and a nano-Cu wire conductive layer.

[0046] Furthermore, the surface of the first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) facing the light-controlling layer (3) is covered with an adhesive layer; the adhesive layer material includes at least one of epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyimide resin, polystyrene resin, acrylic resin, modified acrylic resin or silicone resin.

[0047] In the dimming film of the present invention, the materials of the first transparent substrate (1-1) and the second transparent substrate (1-2) are not specifically limited.

[0048] Furthermore, the first transparent substrate (1-1) and / or the second transparent substrate (1-2) is / are selected from at least one of PET, PEN, PP, PI, PE, and PC.

[0049] Furthermore, all parts of the first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) in the single-zone dimming area are electrically conductive.

[0050] Furthermore, the first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) in the single-zone dimming area has a local area that is electrically non-conductive with other areas, wherein the local area does not have a dimming function.

[0051] The balancing layer of the present invention has the function of sealing the edge of the dimming film, and protects the light-controlling layer from the negative influence of impurities such as water vapor in the external environment.

[0052] Furthermore, the electrical non-conduction between a local area of ​​the transparent conductive layer and other areas is achieved by an electrically non-conductive isolation line.

[0053] Furthermore, the electrically non-conductive isolation line divides the first transparent conductive layer and / or the second transparent conductive layer into at least two parts, and there is electrical non-conduction between the at least two parts.

[0054] Furthermore, the electrically non-conductive isolation line may be at least one of a straight line, an arc line or an irregular shape.

[0055] Furthermore, the electrically non-conductive isolation line may form a closed curve.

[0056] Furthermore, the cross section of the electrically non-conductive isolation line may be a regular pattern or an irregular pattern.

[0057] Furthermore, the electrically non-conductive isolation line has a width of 1 to 200 μm.

[0058] Furthermore, the electrically non-conductive isolation line has a width of 10 to 100 μm.

[0059] Furthermore, the number of the electrically non-conductive isolation lines is not limited to one, and may be two or three. The present invention has no particular limitation on the number of the electrically non-conductive isolation lines.

[0060] Furthermore, the electrically non-conductive isolation line is formed by etching the first transparent conductive layer and / or the second transparent conductive layer.

[0061] Furthermore, the etching method is ion beam etching (IBE), deep silicon etching (DRIE), reactive ion etching (RIE), focused ion beam etching (FIB), inductively coupled plasma etching (ICP), microwave plasma etching, laser external etching, laser internal etching or chemical etching.

[0062] Furthermore, it is completed by laser external etching or laser internal etching.

[0063] Furthermore, the laser external etching takes the first transparent substrate and the first transparent conductive layer as a separate entity, that is, takes the conductive film as the processing object, etches from the side of the first transparent conductive layer toward the first transparent substrate to form a dividing line, and the dividing line does not etch to or does not penetrate the first transparent substrate. This dividing line area is referred to as the "electrically non-conductive isolation line" in the present invention; and / or, takes the second transparent substrate and the second transparent conductive layer as a separate entity, etches from the side of the second transparent conductive layer toward the second transparent substrate to form a dividing line, and the dividing line does not etch to or does not penetrate the second transparent substrate. This dividing line area is referred to as the "electrically non-conductive isolation line" in the present invention.

[0064] Furthermore, the laser internal etching takes the entire dimming film as a whole, etches a dividing line from the first transparent substrate side to the first transparent conductive layer side, and the dividing line does not etch to or etch through the second transparent substrate after etching through the first transparent conductive layer. This dividing line area is referred to as an "electrically non-conductive isolation line" in the present invention; or etches a dividing line from the second transparent substrate side to the second transparent conductive layer side, and the dividing line does not etch to or etch through the first transparent substrate after etching through the second transparent conductive layer. This dividing line area is referred to as an "electrically non-conductive isolation line" in the present invention.

[0065] The single-zone dimming area referred to in the present invention is electrically conductive at all locations on the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer; or a local area of ​​the transparent conductive layer in the area is electrically non-conductive with other areas of the transparent conductive layer, and the local area does not have a dimming function. The dimming function means that the local area does not require an on state, that is, the local area is always in an off state. A specific embodiment is that a very small area around the first transparent conductive layer and / or the second transparent conductive layer in the area is electrically non-conductive with the internal area of ​​the conductive layer, and all locations in the internal area are electrically conductive.

[0066] A second aspect of the present invention provides a dimming glass comprising a first glass plate (5-1) and a second glass plate (5-2), and the dimming film disposed between the first glass plate (5-1) and the second glass plate (5-2).

[0067] In the present invention, the types of the first glass plate and the second glass plate are not particularly limited. They can be transparent glass used for conventional dimming glass well known to those skilled in the art. They can be ordinary glass such as inorganic glass and organic glass, or functional glass such as UV blocking glass, IR blocking glass, Low-E glass, tempered glass or antibacterial glass, etc. They can also be selected from colored glass such as gray glass and brown glass.

[0068] Furthermore, a first interlayer (6-1) is provided between the first glass plate (5-1) and the dimming film, and / or a second interlayer (6-2) is provided between the second glass plate (5-2) and the dimming film.

[0069] In the present invention, the types of the first interlayer and the second interlayer are not particularly limited, and are conventional interlayers for dimming glass well known to those skilled in the art, and may be EVA film, TPU film, PVB film, or functional film, such as UV-blocking EVA film, UV-blocking TPU film, UV-blocking PVB film, etc., or films with a certain color, such as gray EVA film, gray TPU film, gray PVB film, etc.

[0070] In the present invention, the method for manufacturing the switchable glass is not particularly limited and can be any conventional laminating method for switchable glass in the art, such as laminating in a laminator, or laminating in an autoclave or a laminating box / furnace.

[0071] By introducing a balancing layer to balance the thickness differences caused by the varying patterns in the light-control layer, this invention allows the film's visible light transmittance to vary along a specific direction while maintaining a constant overall thickness. This ensures the smoothness and order of the outer conductive layer and its proper function, optimizing the production process for variable-mode film. The resulting film can meet the visible light transmittance variation requirements for a variety of applications in transportation and construction.

[0072] The dimming film / smart glass of the present invention can be combined with other dimming films / smart glasses to form a composite dimming film / smart glass, which meets the functional and aesthetic requirements in the fields of architecture and transportation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0073] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. The drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on the provided drawings without inventive effort.

[0074] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a dimming film provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a dimming film provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a dimming film provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a dimming film provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure and light transmission of the switchable glass provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 6 A graph showing changes in visible light transmittance of a dimming film provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a multi-zone dimming film provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0081] Among them, 1-1. First transparent substrate, 1-2. Second transparent substrate, 2-1. First transparent conductive layer, 2-2. Second transparent conductive layer, 3. Light control layer, 4. Balance layer, 5-1. First glass plate, 5-2. Second glass plate, 6-1. First interlayer, 6-2. Second interlayer, A-1. ~ A-4. Electrically non-conductive isolation lines. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0082] the term

[0083] In the present invention, the following terms used have the meanings defined below.

[0084] Open state:

[0085] Refers to the state of the dimming film after the recommended power is applied from the off state and the visible light transmittance stabilizes.

[0086] Off state:

[0087] Refers to the state when no power is applied to the smart film, or the recommended power is turned off from the on state, and the visible light transmittance stabilizes.

[0088] Transparent conductive film:

[0089] A laminated composition of a transparent substrate and a transparent conductive layer.

[0090] At least one direction on the surface of the dimming film:

[0091] It means that if there is any plane passing through the dimming film, the cross section of this plane on the dimming film is the extension direction of the line segment at the intersection.

[0092] The maximum visible light transmittance Toff of the dimming film along at least one direction of the dimming film surface in the off state max , minimum visible light transmittance Toff min :

[0093] Refers to the off state of the dimming film. Assuming that there is a plane passing through the dimming film, the visible light transmittance is measured at the cross section of the dimming film along this plane, where the maximum visible light transmittance is Toff max , the minimum visible light transmittance is Toff min .

[0094] The maximum visible light transmittance Ton along at least one direction of the dimming film surface in the open state max , minimum visible light transmittance Ton min :

[0095] Refers to the state of the dimming film. Assuming that there is a plane passing through the dimming film, the visible light transmittance is measured at the cross section of the dimming film along this plane, where the maximum visible light transmittance is Ton max , the minimum visible light transmittance is Ton min .

[0096] The definitions of the on and off states, Ton and Toff of the smart glass are related to the smart film.

[0097] The transmittance of the switchable film / smart glass was measured using an LS116 light transmittance meter (Shenzhen Linshang Technology Co., Ltd.). When no voltage was applied (off state), the transmittance of the switchable film / smart glass was marked as Toff = %. When the recommended power was applied (on state), the transmittance of the switchable film / smart glass was marked as Ton = %.

[0098] The room temperature viscosity was measured using a Brookfield DV2T viscometer.

[0099] The room temperature visible light refractive index was measured using a 2WA-J Abbe refractometer.

[0100] The present invention provides a dimming film / smart glass with varying visible light transmittance. By adopting a light-control layer with varying thickness and introducing a balancing layer to balance the thickness of the light-control layer, a gradient transmittance can be generated on the conductive film in that direction. This can achieve the overall dimming effect and aesthetic function of decreasing / increasing the transmittance of the dimming film, while avoiding the unevenness and functional abnormality of the conductive layer caused by the uneven thickness of the light-control layer, thereby reducing the complexity of the dimming film production process.

[0101] In order to better illustrate the present invention, the following specific examples are provided.

[0102] Example 1 Preparation of dimming film

[0103] Preparation of light-controlling particles:

[0104] To a 250 mL three-necked round-bottom glass flask, 30 g of an isoamyl acetate solution containing 21.2 wt% nitrocellulose (SS1 / 4sec), 6 g I2, 70 g isoamyl acetate, 4 g anhydrous CaI2, and 4 g titanium dioxide (P25) were added and heated to 42°C. After the I2 dissolved, 6 g anhydrous methanol, 0.8 g distilled water, and 4 g 2,5-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid dihydrate were added to the three-necked round-bottom glass flask. The mixture was stirred and heated at 42°C for 4 hours, then cooled naturally. The resulting reaction solution was centrifuged at 1350G for 0.5 h to remove large particles, and the supernatant was centrifuged at 18000G for 5 h. The supernatant was discarded to obtain light-controllable particles.

[0105] Preparation of polymer matrix precursor:

[0106] Dissolve 2.7g of trisilylethyl-POSS in 190mL of heptane to prepare a POSS solution. Add 54g of hydroxy-terminated dimethyldiphenylpolysiloxane and 190mL of the POSS solution to a 500mL three-necked round-bottom glass flask. Connect a water separator to a condenser on one side of the flask, install a mechanical stirrer in the middle, and place a thermometer on the other side. Heat the solution in the flask to reflux for 30 minutes. When a small amount of water appears in the water separator, add a stannous octoate catalyst solution (0.13g of stannous octoate dissolved in 10mL of heptane). Then, add a mixture of 3g of hydrolyzed acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 1.8g of hydrolyzed epoxypropyltrimethoxysilane dropwise over a period of approximately 5 minutes. Allow the condensation reaction to proceed for 5 hours, after which 30mL of trimethylmethoxysilane is immediately added as a terminator. The reaction is terminated for 2 hours, followed by rapid cooling to room temperature. Mix 50 mL of ethanol and the cooled reaction solution in a 1-L beaker. Rinse the reaction flask with 30 mL of heptane and pour it into the beaker. After mixing thoroughly, add 200 mL of methanol and stir for 15 minutes. Pour the resulting mixture into a 1-L separatory funnel and let it stand for several hours until layers form. Remove the lower clear layer and rotary evaporate it at 70°C to obtain the polymer matrix precursor.

[0107] Prepare the light control layer base emulsion:

[0108] 0.1 g of photoinitiator 819, 3.0 g of light-control particles, 26.9 g of suspension medium (dioctyl terephthalate) and 70.0 g of polymer matrix precursor were mixed evenly to obtain light-control layer matrix emulsion A. The parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0109] Prepare the balancing layer emulsion:

[0110] 0.1 g of photoinitiator 819 and 70.0 g of polymer matrix precursor were mixed evenly to obtain balancing layer emulsion B. The parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0111] The light-control layer matrix emulsion A is added to tank A, and the balancing layer emulsion B is added to tank B. A gear pump delivers the materials from tanks A and B to the die head. A distribution system is set up within the die head to control the flow of materials at the die lip outlet, with the materials gradually decreasing at a certain angle as they meet. The film is then applied to the ITO / PET transparent conductive film using a roll-to-roll automatic coating machine. The film thickness is 80 microns. The constant thickness area of ​​the light-control layer is 0.35 μm, the gradient area where the light-control layer and the balancing layer intersect is 0.50 μm, and the constant thickness area of ​​the balancing layer is 0.35 μm. Figure 1 Afterwards, another layer of ITO / PET transparent conductive film was covered on the wet film to obtain a wet film containing a light control layer and a balanced measurement. In a nitrogen atmosphere, the film was cured in a UV curing box for 1 minute with a UV power of 700W / m 2 , that is, the section is obtained as Figure 1 The dimming film 1 is shown, and the dimming film parameters are shown in Table 2.

[0112] Example 2 Preparation of dimming film

[0113] Same as Example 1, except that the rotational viscosity and refractive index of the light control layer matrix emulsion and the balancing layer emulsion are different, see Table 1; the size of the gradient area where the light control layer and the balancing layer intersect is 1.50m, and the relative arrangement of the light control layer and the balancing layer is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the dimming film 2 is obtained, and the parameters of the dimming film are shown in Table 2.

[0114] Example 3 Preparation of dimming film

[0115] Same as Example 1, except that the rotational viscosity and refractive index of the light control layer matrix emulsion and the balancing layer emulsion are different, see Table 1; the relative arrangement of the light control layer and the balancing layer is shown in the cross section. Figure 3 As shown, the dimming film 3 is obtained, and the parameters of the dimming film are shown in Table 2.

[0116] Example 4 Preparation of dimming film

[0117] Same as Example 1, except that the rotational viscosity and refractive index of the light control layer matrix emulsion and the balancing layer emulsion are different, see Table 1; the size of the gradient area where the light control layer and the balancing layer intersect is 0.02m, and the relative arrangement of the light control layer and the balancing layer is shown in the cross section. Figure 4 As shown, the dimming film 4 is obtained, and the parameters of the dimming film are shown in Table 2.

[0118] Example 5 Preparation of dimming glass

[0119] Ordinary tempered glass is used as the first and second glass plates, EVA films are set as the first and second laminated films, and the dimming film prepared in Example 4 is used for stacking. The stacked layers are kept in an autoclave at 0.5 kPa and 110°C for 30 minutes for lamination treatment. The cross-sectional diagram is shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown, the dimming glass 5 is obtained, and the dimming glass parameters are shown in Table 2.

[0120] Example 6 Preparation of multi-zone dimming film

[0121] The multi-zone dimming film is prepared in the same manner as in Example 4, except that electrically non-conductive isolation lines A-1 to A-4 are provided by laser inner etching. Figure 7 As shown, the dimming film 6 is obtained, and the two sides of the isolation line are controlled by the circuit to be in different switching states. The parameters of the dimming film are shown in Table 2.

[0122] The electrically non-conductive isolation lines can be set according to actual needs and can be set on the first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2). The specific number and position can be adjusted according to actual needs. Specifically, Figure 7 No electrically non-conductive isolation line is set in the middle, that is, the entire dimming film consists of three regions: a constant thickness region of the light control layer, a gradient region where the light control layer and the balance layer intersect, and a constant thickness region of the balance layer; specifically, as in Figure 7 Only A-1 is set in the circuit, and the dimming film is divided into two areas: the left area of ​​A-1 and the right area of ​​A-1. This is a zoned dimming film, which can be controlled by the circuit to realize that the left area of ​​A-1 is in the on state, the right area of ​​A-1 is in the off state, or other combinations.

[0123] Table 1 Room temperature parameters of the light control layer matrix emulsion and the balancing layer emulsion of Examples 1 to 4

[0124]

[0125] Table 2 Parameters of the dimming films / smart glasses prepared in Examples 1 to 6

[0126] #Loff=Lon。

[0127] Table 2 shows the variation range of visible light transmittance and Q value of the switchable film in the embodiment in the off or on state.

[0128] Figure 6 The light-adjusting film of Example 1 exhibits a continuously and gradually changing visible light transmittance in the off state, ranging from 1.5% to 51.0%, and a Qoff of 0.99.

[0129] The dimming range of the above-mentioned dimming film in the off or on state can meet the requirements of continuously and gradually changing visible light transmittance in multiple scenes.

[0130] The above embodiments are intended only to facilitate understanding of the methods and core concepts of the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to be construed in the widest manner consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A dimming film, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first transparent substrate (1-1), a first transparent conductive layer (2-1), a light control layer (3), a balancing layer (4), a second transparent conductive layer (2-2), and a second transparent substrate (1-2) which are stacked in sequence, wherein the light control layer (3) contains a light control active component and has a thickness that varies in the plane direction of the light-adjusting film, the balancing layer (4) does not contain a light control active component and compensates the light control layer (3) in thickness, and the sum of the thicknesses of the light control layer (3) and the balancing layer (4) in the plane direction of the light-adjusting film is a constant value; In the off state, the dimming film has different visible light transmittances in at least one direction along the surface of the dimming film. Qoff represents the degree of difference in visible light transmittances in the regions in this state. Qoff=(Toff max -Toff min ) / Loff, Toff max Toff is the maximum visible light transmittance of the switchable film along the direction in the off state, min is the minimum visible light transmittance in the direction, Loff is Toff max With Toff min The distance between two points in meters, Qoff is a dimensionless value, Among them, the Qoff value is: 30.0≥Qoff≥0.

05.

2. The dimming film according to claim 1, wherein: The Qoff value is: 20.0≥Qoff≥0.

08.

3. The dimming film according to claim 1, wherein: The Qoff value is: 15.0≥Qoff≥0.

1.

4. The dimming film according to claim 1, wherein: In the off state, the visible light transmittance along at least one direction of the surface of the dimming film has a region where it changes continuously and gradually.

5. The dimming film according to claim 1, wherein: The region where the visible light transmittance changes gradually along at least one direction of the surface of the dimming film in the off state.

6. The light-switching film according to claim 1, wherein: In the on state, the dimming film has different visible light transmittances in at least one direction along the surface of the dimming film. The region with different visible light transmittances is a single-zone dimming region, and Qon is used to represent the degree of difference in visible light transmittance of the region in this state. Blood=(Tone max -Tone min ) / Lon, Ton max is the maximum visible light transmittance of the region along the direction in the open state, Ton min is the minimum visible light transmittance in the direction, Lon to Ton max With Ton min The distance between two points in meters, Qon is a dimensionless value, Among them, the Qon value is: 30.0≥Qon≥0.

05.

7. The dimming film according to claim 6, wherein: The Qon value is: 20.0≥Qon≥0.

08.

8. The dimming film according to claim 6, wherein: The Qon value is: 15.0≥Qon≥0.

1.

9. The light-adjusting film according to claim 6, wherein: In the on state, the visible light transmittance along at least one direction of the surface of the dimming film has a region where it changes continuously and gradually.

10. The light-switching film according to claim 6, wherein: The region has a gradient change in visible light transmittance along at least one direction of the surface of the dimming film in the on state.

11. The light-switching film according to claim 6, wherein: The single-zone dimming area constitutes a whole dimming film.

12. The light-switching film according to claim 6, wherein: The single-zone dimming area and other dimming areas constitute a whole dimming film.

13. The light-switching film according to claim 6, wherein: Every part of the first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) in the single-zone dimming area is electrically conductive.

14. The light-switching film according to claim 6, wherein: The first transparent conductive layer (2-1) and / or the second transparent conductive layer (2-2) of the single-zone dimming area has a local area that is electrically non-conductive with other areas, wherein the local area does not have a dimming function.

15. The light-switching film according to claim 1, wherein: The light-controlling active component includes at least one of nanoparticles, liquid crystals or electrochromic materials.

16. The light-switching film according to claim 1, wherein: The thickness of the light control layer (3) is uneven in at least one direction along the surface of the dimming film.

17. The light-switching film according to claim 1, wherein: The thickness of the light control layer (3) exists in a region where it changes continuously and gradually along at least one direction on the surface of the dimming film.

18. The light-switching film according to claim 1, wherein: The thickness of the light control layer (3) has a gradient variation region along at least one direction on the surface of the dimming film.

19. The light-switching film according to claim 1, wherein: The dimming film contains a visually discernible area with a light control layer and / or a balancing layer having a thickness of zero.

20. The light-switching film according to claim 1, wherein: The constant value is between 20 and 200 microns.

21. The light-switching film according to claim 1, wherein: The constant value is between 50 and 100 microns.

22. The light-switching film according to claim 1, wherein: The room temperature rotational viscosity ratio of the matrix emulsion of the light control layer (3) to the emulsion of the balance layer (4) is 0.5 to 2.

0.

23. The light-switching film according to claim 1, wherein: The ratio of the room temperature visible light refractive index of the matrix emulsion of the light control layer (3) to the emulsion of the balance layer (4) is 0.9 to 1.

1.

24. A dimming glass, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first glass plate (5-1) and a second glass plate (5-2), and the dimming film according to any one of claims 1 to 23 arranged between the first glass plate (5-1) and the second glass plate (5-2).

25. The switchable glass according to claim 24, characterized in that: A first interlayer (6-1) is provided between the first glass plate (5-1) and the dimming film, and / or a second interlayer (6-2) is provided between the second glass plate (5-2) and the dimming film.

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