Impedance matching-based high-energy utilization efficiency friction power generation hydrogen production system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation, in particular to a nanometer friction generator and a hydrogen production system, which comprise a friction nanometer generator and an electrolytic bath, and are characterized in that a rectifier bridge is connected between the generator and a motor slot, and the electrolytic bath is formed by connecting a plurality of micro-electrolytic baths in series; each micro-electrolytic cell is composed of an anode chamber and a cathode chamber. The structure of the hydrogen production system is simplified, the energy conversion efficiency and practicability of the hydrogen production system are greatly improved, and powerful technical support is provided for efficient and sustainable production of hydrogen energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation, and in particular to a nano friction generator and a hydrogen production system. Background Art

[0002] Under the background of global energy structure transformation, hydrogen energy is developed as a renewable zero-pollution energy. As an ideal way to obtain high-purity hydrogen, water electrolysis has attracted much attention due to its green and efficient characteristics. However, in the traditional process of water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, electricity mainly relies on the combustion of fossil fuels, which is not only contrary to the concept of green hydrogen production, but also limits the sustainable development of the hydrogen energy industry. In recent years, with the rapid development of clean energy technology, the use of renewable energy such as wind energy to generate electricity has become an important way to solve the above problems. As a clean and renewable energy source, wind energy is rich in resources and widely distributed, and is an ideal choice for achieving green hydrogen production.

[0003] As an emerging energy harvesting technology, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) provides a new idea for converting wind energy into electrical energy with its unique advantages such as low cost, simple production, diverse material selection and efficient wind energy collection. The application of TENG technology in the field of water electrolysis hydrogen production is expected to achieve green and efficient hydrogen production, which is of great significance to promote the transformation of energy structure. However, although TENG has shown great potential in wind energy harvesting, there is still a technical problem that needs to be solved in the TENG-based water electrolysis hydrogen production system: the impedance mismatch between the generator and the electrochemical cell. This is because the output characteristics of TENG are usually high voltage (KV level), low current (μA level) and high impedance (MΩ level), while the voltage required for water electrolysis reaction is only about 1.23V, the current demand is between 0.5 and 4A, and the impedance is only a dozen ohms. This significant impedance difference leads to the low efficiency of TENG directly driving water electrolysis hydrogen production, which is difficult to meet the needs of practical applications.

[0004] Patent CN202310882053 discloses a high-energy-efficiency friction nanogenerator driven full water splitting system and method, which introduces a power management circuit (including capacitors, inductors, diodes and energy collection chips). After the power management circuit manages the output energy of the friction nanogenerator, the peak current can reach 12.6mA before being input into the reaction pool. Although this method improves the system efficiency to a certain extent, its disadvantages are: (1) The additional introduction of power management circuit components makes the structure of the entire system more complicated, increasing the difficulty of manufacturing and maintenance; (2) The complex circuit design requires more professional technicians to install and debug, and also increases the risk of system failure. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a friction power generation hydrogen production system with impedance matching and simple structure.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is a high energy utilization efficiency friction power generation hydrogen production system based on impedance matching, including a friction nanogenerator and an electrolyzer, a rectifier bridge is connected between the generator and the motor slot, and the electrolyzer is composed of a plurality of micro-electrolyzers connected in series, each of which is composed of an anode chamber and a cathode chamber.

[0007] The working principle of the present invention is to connect multiple micro-electrolyzers in series in a certain order. Each micro-electrolyzer contains an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, which are used to generate hydrogen and oxygen respectively. The adjustability of the number of series electrolyzers ensures that the system can be flexibly configured according to the output characteristics of TENG and the demand for hydrogen production, so as to achieve the optimal impedance matching state, thereby improving the hydrogen production rate. By directly matching the impedance of TENG through the series connection of micro-electrolyzers, the complex power management requirements in traditional systems are effectively avoided, and the portability and overall energy utilization efficiency of the system are significantly improved.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention achieves significant technical effects by designing a friction power generation hydrogen production system with high energy utilization efficiency based on impedance matching. The system cleverly combines a friction nanogenerator (TENG) with an electrolyzer and connects a rectifier bridge between them to optimize the energy conversion and transmission process. By connecting multiple micro-electrolyzers in series, each micro-electrolyzer contains an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, which are used to efficiently generate hydrogen and oxygen respectively. This design not only improves the flexibility of the system, but also ensures that it can be accurately configured according to the output characteristics of TENG and the demand for hydrogen production, so as to achieve the optimal impedance matching state. This innovation directly improves the hydrogen production rate, while effectively avoiding the complex power management requirements in traditional systems, and significantly enhances the portability and overall energy utilization efficiency of the system. Therefore, the present invention not only simplifies the structure of the hydrogen production system, but also greatly improves its energy conversion efficiency and practicality, providing strong technical support for the efficient and sustainable production of hydrogen energy.

[0009] Furthermore, a tank cover is provided at the open end of the electrolytic cell, and a gas path structure for separating oxygen and hydrogen is provided on the tank cover. By providing a tank cover with a gas path structure at the open end of the electrolytic cell, the present invention not only realizes the effective separation of hydrogen and oxygen, but also ensures the purity and safety of the two gases, providing convenience for subsequent collection and utilization.

[0010] Furthermore, the friction nanogenerator includes a wind cup, a stator and a rotor, and the wind cup is connected to the rotor through a coupling. This design enables the friction nanogenerator to use wind energy to drive the rotor to rotate, and then drive the corresponding components in the stator to move through the coupling to achieve the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. The introduction of the wind cup increases the source of energy collection and improves the overall power generation efficiency of the generator.

[0011] Furthermore, the stator includes an upper stator and a lower stator. The upper stator includes a circular top plate, an electrode plate and a polyurethane plate from top to bottom; the lower stator includes a circular polyurethane plate, an electrode plate and a bottom plate from top to bottom; the electrode plate is formed by coaxially connecting a number of fan-shaped electrode blocks. The stator adopts a layered design, and the electrode plate is composed of fan-shaped electrode blocks. This structure not only enhances the mechanical strength of the stator, but also optimizes the electric field distribution and improves the power generation efficiency. At the same time, the introduction of the polyurethane plate helps to reduce friction loss and improve the stability and durability of the generator.

[0012] The rotor is located between the upper stator and the lower stator, and includes a circular upper friction plate, a spacer plate and a lower friction plate in order from top to bottom. The design of the rotor enables the upper friction plate and the lower friction plate to generate friction with the electrode plates of the upper stator and the lower stator respectively, thereby generating electrical energy. The provision of the spacer plate ensures stability and safety during the friction process, and avoids damage caused by excessive friction.

[0013] Furthermore, the upper friction plate and the lower friction plate are formed by coaxially connecting a number of sector-shaped friction blocks, with gaps between adjacent friction blocks. The sector-shaped design optimizes the division degree, and the smaller the division degree, the faster the transfer speed of the charge between the electrodes, thereby also increasing their output. The design of the friction blocks not only increases the friction area and improves the power generation efficiency, but also the gaps between adjacent friction blocks help reduce the heat accumulation during the friction process and prevent performance degradation due to overheating.

[0014] Furthermore, a PTFE film is attached to the surface of the friction block. The PTFE film has excellent wear resistance, self-lubrication and chemical stability, can significantly reduce wear and energy loss during the friction process, and improve the service life and power generation efficiency of the generator.

[0015] Furthermore, the gas path structure is provided with a hydrogen outlet and an oxygen outlet. The arrangement of the hydrogen outlet and the oxygen outlet enables the hydrogen and oxygen generated during the electrolysis process to be discharged smoothly, avoiding the accumulation and mixing of gases in the electrolyzer, and ensuring the safety and efficiency of the hydrogen production process.

[0016] Furthermore, the anode chamber is Pt, and the cathode chamber is lead oxide. Pt and lead oxide, as anode and cathode materials, have excellent catalytic performance and chemical stability, and can significantly improve the rate and efficiency of water electrolysis reaction, thereby increasing the yield and quality of hydrogen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The structural diagram of the friction nanogenerator;

[0019] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The structural diagram of the upper middle stator;

[0020] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Structural diagram of the middle and lower stators;

[0021] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The structural diagram of the middle rotor;

[0022] Figure 6 for Figure 1 The structural diagram of the electrolytic cell;

[0023] Figure 7 for Figure 1 Structural diagram of the middle tank cover;

[0024] Figure 8 To collect cover structure diagram;

[0025] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the gas path distribution of the lid;

[0026] Fig.10 This is the working principle diagram of TENG;

[0027] Fig.11 This is the measured impedance diagram of TENG.

[0028] Fig.12 is the circuit structure diagram;

[0029] Fig.13 It is a simulation circuit diagram;

[0030] Fig.14 This is the relationship diagram between the measured electrolytic cell and impedance;

[0031] Fig.15 This is a graph showing the relationship between the number of electrolyzers and hydrogen production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: wind cup 1; rotating shaft 2; upper stator 3, top plate 3-1, first electrode plate 3-2, first polyurethane plate 3-3; lower stator 4, second polyurethane plate 4-1, second electrode plate 4-2, bottom plate 4-3; rotor 5, upper friction plate 5-1, spacer plate 5-2, lower friction plate 5-3; electrolytic cell 6, anode chamber 6-1, cathode chamber 6-2; cell cover 7, hydrogen outlet 7-1, oxygen outlet 7-2.

[0034] like Figure 1 to Figure 15 As shown, a friction power generation hydrogen production system with high energy utilization efficiency based on impedance matching includes a friction nanogenerator, an electrolyzer, a rectifier bridge connected between the generator and the motor slot, and experimental data.

[0035] The friction nanogenerator comprises a wind cup 1, a stator and a rotor 5, and the wind cup 1 is connected to the rotating shaft 2 of the rotor 5 via a coupling.

[0036] The stator includes an upper stator 3 and a lower stator 4. The upper stator 3 includes a circular top plate 3-1, a first electrode plate and a first polyurethane plate 3-3 from top to bottom. The first electrode plate is composed of a number of coaxially connected fan-shaped electrodes. The lower stator 4 includes a circular second polyurethane plate 4-1, a second electrode plate 4-2 and a bottom plate 4-3 from top to bottom. The second electrode plate 4-2 is composed of a number of coaxially connected fan-shaped electrodes. The fan-shaped electrodes are made of aluminum or copper. The fan-shaped electrodes can also optimize their division degree. The smaller the division degree, the faster the transfer speed of the charge between the electrodes, thereby increasing their output.

[0037] The rotor 5 is located between the upper stator 3 and the lower stator 4, and includes a circular upper friction plate 5-1, a spacer plate 5-2 and a lower friction plate 5-3 from top to bottom. The upper friction plate 5-1 and the lower friction plate 5-3 are formed by coaxially connecting a plurality of fan-shaped friction blocks (made of acrylic), and a PTFE film is attached to the surface of the friction blocks, and gaps are left between adjacent friction blocks.

[0038] This embodiment can reduce the output impedance of TENG by increasing the number of TENG electrodes (i.e., fan-shaped electrodes), making it easier to match the impedance of the electrolytic cell. By dividing the sensing electrode into multiple fan-shaped electrodes, each area can independently collect the charge generated by friction and generate a potential difference. More electrodes increase more charge transfer paths and lower internal resistance, which helps to reduce the output impedance of TENG. Fig.10 As shown, the potential difference between the two electrode pairs from state a to state d is:

[0039]

[0040] d is the thickness of the PTFE layer, σ is the triboelectric charge density on the top of the PTFE layer, ε 0is the dielectric constant of vacuum, ε r is the relative dielectric constant of PTFE.

[0041] The amount of charge transferred during this transfer process can be expressed by the following formula:

[0042]

[0043] The overall operating frequency of the device is calculated as:

[0044]

[0045] Depend on Available

[0046]

[0047] r 2 and r 1 are the outer radius and inner radius of TENG, α 0 is the central angle of a single rotator unit and ν is the rotation rate.

[0048] Since the impedance of TENG is proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the current, according to equations (1) and (2), it can be obtained that the impedance is positively correlated with the thickness of the friction layer and the degree of division, and is inversely proportional to the electrode radius and the rotation speed. On the other hand, according to equation (2), the current is inversely proportional to the degree of division, and is proportional to the electrode radius and the rotation speed. Fig.11 The final impedance diagram of TENG, with an impedance value of 2.5 MΩ.

[0049] like Figure 8 , Fig. 9 As shown, the electrolyzer 6 is composed of several micro-electrolyzers connected in series, each of which is composed of an anode chamber 6-1 and a cathode chamber 6-2. The material of the anode chamber 6-1 is Pt, and the material of the cathode chamber 6-2 is lead oxide. There is a tank cover 7 on each anode chamber 6-1 and cathode chamber 6-2, and the tank cover 7 is connected to a corresponding gas path, such as the cathode chamber 6-2 is connected to the hydrogen gas path, and the anode chamber 6-1 is connected to the oxygen gas path. The hydrogen gas path is finally gathered to the hydrogen outlet 7-1. The oxygen gas path is gathered to the oxygen outlet 7-2. The number of micro-electrolyzers is adjusted according to the matching impedance of the TENG to achieve the optimal hydrogen production rate.

[0050] In this embodiment, the rectifier bridge is a key component connecting TENG and electrolyzer 6. Its design optimization is crucial to achieve impedance matching and improve energy conversion efficiency. The circuit topology of the rectifier bridge is optimized to ensure that it can maintain a stable rectification effect and low impedance under various working conditions. TENG is divided into two parts, Unit 1 and Unit 2, which are connected to the electrolyzer 6 in parallel after rectification. Fig.12 shown.

[0051] A method for producing hydrogen by frictional power generation with high energy utilization efficiency based on impedance matching, comprising the following steps:

[0052] 1. Adjust the system: Observe the changes in the output voltage and current of TENG by adjusting the windward angle, rotation speed or mechanical force input of wind cup 1. Ensure that TENG operates in the best working state to generate enough power to supply electrolytic cell 6. The impedance waveform of the series electrolytic cell 6 is measured by the electrochemical workstation, and the circuit diagram is obtained by analyzing and fitting the waveform. Fig.13 is the fitting circuit diagram, where Rs is the solution resistance, Rct is the charge transfer resistance, Rq is the adsorption resistance, and C PE1 and C PE2 is a constant phase angle element. The impedance of the series electrolyzer solution can be obtained from the fitting circuit. According to the impedance of TENG and the series electrolyzer 6, the number of micro-electrolyzers in series can be determined by impedance matching, thereby achieving the optimal hydrogen production rate. Fig.14 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the actual measured electrolytic cell 6 and impedance. It can be seen from the figure that as the number of micro-electrolyzers connected in series increases, the impedance value also gradually increases, further proving that the series connection of micro-electrolyzers can effectively increase the total impedance of the application end.

[0053] 2. Fig.15 The relationship between the number of measured micro-electrolyzers and hydrogen production is shown. It can be seen from the figure that when 200 micro-electrolyzers are connected in series, the hydrogen production is the highest, reaching 121μL / min, further proving that the number of cells that match the impedance of TENG is 200 micro-electrolyzers.

[0054] 2. Startup: When the wind cup 1 or mechanical force drives the rotor 5 to rotate, the upper friction plate 5-1 and the lower friction plate 5-3 rub against their corresponding electrode plates to generate electric charges.

[0055] Since both the friction plate and the electrode plate are fan-shaped in design, each friction block can independently collect charges and generate potential differences, which are derived through the electrode plates (fan-shaped electrodes) to form alternating current signals.

[0056] 3. Rectification: The rectifier bridge converts the AC signal generated by TENG into a DC signal. In the rectification process, diodes and other rectifying elements play a key role. They only allow current to pass in one direction, thus realizing the conversion from AC to DC.

[0057] 4. Hydrogen production: When the DC signal passes through the anode chamber and cathode chamber of the electrolyzer, the water molecules are driven to decompose under the action of the electric field. In the anode chamber, the water molecules lose electrons and are oxidized to oxygen; in the cathode chamber, the hydrogen ions gain electrons and are reduced to hydrogen. Hydrogen and oxygen are separated and collected through the gas path structure. Each anode chamber 6-1 and cathode chamber 6-2 is covered with a tank cover 7, which is connected to a gas path and is divided into two gas paths for collection.

[0058] The embodiment shows the comparison of hydrogen production under the power management circuit matching and electrolyzer series matching modes. It is obvious that the hydrogen production rate under the power management circuit matching is lower than the hydrogen production rate under the electrolyzer series matching.

[0059] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by the present invention shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A friction power generation hydrogen production system with high energy utilization efficiency based on impedance matching, comprising a friction nanogenerator and an electrolyzer, characterized in that: A rectifier bridge is connected between the generator and the motor slot. The electrolytic cell is composed of a plurality of micro-electrolytic cells connected in series, and each micro-electrolytic cell is composed of an anode chamber and a cathode chamber.

2. The high energy utilization efficiency friction power generation hydrogen production system based on impedance matching according to claim 1 is characterized by: A tank cover is arranged at the open portion of the electrolytic tank, and a gas path structure for separating oxygen and hydrogen is arranged on the tank cover.

3. According to claim 2, a high energy utilization efficiency friction power generation hydrogen production system based on impedance matching is characterized in that: The friction nanogenerator comprises a wind cup, a stator and a rotor, and the wind cup and the rotor are connected via a coupling.

4. The high energy utilization efficiency friction power generation hydrogen production system based on impedance matching according to claim 3 is characterized by: The stator comprises an upper stator and a lower stator. The upper stator comprises a circular top plate, an electrode plate and a polyurethane plate from top to bottom. The lower stator comprises a circular polyurethane plate, an electrode plate and a bottom plate in sequence from top to bottom. The electrode plate is formed by coaxially connecting a number of fan-shaped electrode blocks.

5. The high energy utilization efficiency friction power generation hydrogen production system based on impedance matching according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The rotor is located between the upper stator and the lower stator, and comprises a circular upper friction plate, a spacer plate and a lower friction plate in order from top to bottom.

6. The high energy utilization efficiency friction power generation hydrogen production system based on impedance matching according to claim 5 is characterized by: The upper friction plate and the lower friction plate are formed by coaxially connecting a plurality of fan-shaped friction blocks, and gaps are left between adjacent friction blocks.

7. The high energy utilization efficiency friction power generation hydrogen production system based on impedance matching according to claim 6 is characterized by: A PTFE film is attached to the surface of the friction block.

8. The high energy utilization efficiency friction power generation hydrogen production system based on impedance matching according to claim 7 is characterized by: The gas path structure is provided with a hydrogen outlet and an oxygen outlet.

9. The high energy utilization efficiency friction power generation hydrogen production system based on impedance matching according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The anode chamber is Pt, and the cathode chamber is lead oxide.

10. A method for producing hydrogen by frictional power generation with high energy utilization efficiency based on impedance matching, using the hydrogen production system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Start-up: When the wind cup or mechanical force drives the rotor to rotate, the upper friction plate, the lower friction plate and the corresponding electrode plate rub against each other to generate electric charge; (2) Rectification: The rectifier bridge converts the AC signal generated by the triboelectric nanogenerator into a DC signal; (3) Hydrogen production: When the DC signal passes through the anode and cathode chambers of the electrolyzer, the electric field drives the water molecules to separate and Solution: In the anode chamber, water molecules lose electrons and are oxidized to oxygen; in the cathode chamber, hydrogen ions gain electrons and are reduced to hydrogen. Hydrogen and oxygen are separated and collected through the gas path structure.

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