Drilling method for driving face structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunneling working face structure drilling method, and relates to the technical field of mine geological disaster prevention and control, mining technologies and safety production management. Comprising the following steps that drilling operation is conducted in a normal area, S1, four drill holes are formed in each time of drilling, the drill holes comprise two center holes, two left side holes and two right side holes, the length of the center holes is 90 m, the depth of the left side holes and the depth of the right side holes are 92.8 m, end holes of the center holes control a top plate and a bottom plate of a coal seam respectively, the two side holes are formed in the coal seam, and the distance between end holes of roadway side holes and a tunneling roadway side is 20 m; the method comprises the following steps: before a driving working face is started, compiling a driving working face geological specification by utilizing drawings and reports of existing geological work results, geological exploration reports and material report results of a mining area, drawing a driving working face prediction profile map, and mastering occurrence conditions and change trends of coal and rock strata in front of the driving working face according to various characteristics of detected abnormal geologic bodies; the construction position is accurately mastered and determined, and the roadway tunneling gradient is reasonably designed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of mine geological disaster prevention, mining technology and safe production management technology, and in particular to a tunneling working face structural drilling method. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the substantial improvement of the mechanization, informatization, intelligence and automation of mines, the requirements for the accuracy of the identification of geological conditions for mine mining have become increasingly higher. In order to meet the needs of modern, efficient and high-yield production, accurately identifying the abnormal hidden geological structures in front of the excavation working face has become increasingly important for the safe and efficient production of mines. However, there are almost no systematic reports on the relatively accurate advanced geological situation forecasting technologies in China, and there are even fewer related application cases. Especially for hidden structures in development and excavation working faces, it is extremely urgent and necessary to accurately identify the abnormal hidden geological structures in front of the excavation working face.

[0003] At present, underground drilling is mainly to solve whether there are goafs or water bodies in the excavation working face, with the purpose of eliminating the threat of floods. However, there are few technical standards and specifications for hidden structures and small structures that affect production in front of the excavation working face. All detections are to solve whether there are water bodies or goafs in front, with the purpose of identifying and eliminating floods and abnormal gases such as gas stored in coal seams. Underground geophysical exploration mainly uses transient electromagnetic detection technology, direct current technology and other methods to predict and forecast the geological conditions in front of the excavation working face. The accuracy is not high, and it is further affected and disturbed by factors such as underground roof water sprinkling, electrical equipment, power cables, tunneling machines, conveyors, and metals such as anchor rods and anchor rope meshes. Different operators, different equipment and instruments, different detection means and operating methods have great differences in detection results and conclusions for the same geological body or geological phenomenon. At the same time, the use conditions of various detection methods are different, and the applicable fields are also different. There are even multiple solutions for the same geological body. There are still many limitations in the results of the occurrence, structure and other abnormal geological bodies of the coal (rock) ore body in front of the excavation working face, and there is a lack of guidance for the safe and rapid excavation of the excavation working face. At present, a more systematic and accurate method for advance prediction of geological structures in underground coal mines is still under exploration. Therefore, in view of the shortcomings and needs of the current advance detection technology of hidden geological structures in front of the excavation working face in underground coal mines, it is urgent to develop a comprehensive, systematic, efficient, accurate and rapid advance detection method for abnormal geological structures in front of the excavation working face. To this end, we proposed a structural drilling method for the excavation working face to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for drilling a tunneling working face structure to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] In order to achieve the purpose of conducting advance detection of abnormal geological structures and the like in front of the excavation working face through the comprehensive use of geophysical exploration, drilling, geochemical exploration and other methods, accurately identifying the location and scope of the structure, ensuring safe, rapid and efficient excavation, improving the single-advance level of the excavation working face, alleviating the pressure and safety risks caused by the tight connection between mining and excavation, and creating good conditions for the safe production of mines, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for drilling the structure of an excavation working face, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Drilling operation steps S1 in the normal area: 4 boreholes are arranged each time, including 2 center holes and 2 left and right side holes. The length of the center hole is 90 meters, and the depth of the left and right side holes is 92.8 meters. The center hole and the end hole control the roof and floor of the coal seam respectively. The two side holes are arranged in the coal seam, and the end hole position of the roadway side hole is 20 meters away from the side of the excavation roadway;

[0007] S2. Calculate the slope of the coal seam roof and floor of the excavated roadway according to the elevation of the coal seam roof and floor of the excavated roadway and the elevation of the coal seam roof and floor at the drilling position and the distance between the two points;

[0008] S3. Based on the roof and floor elevations and slopes at the drilling location, estimate the roof elevation of the coal seam within the forward drilling range and draw a predicted coal seam profile;

[0009] S4. Drilling design is performed. The height of the drilling rig at drilling position B is 2m from the center axis of the drilling rig to the roof. The elevation at the center axis of the drilling rig is 896.79m. The drilling depth is 90m. According to the drilling depth and slope, the roof elevation of the coal seam at the final drilling position is 893.92m, and the floor elevation is 890.42m.

[0010] S5. Design of the two side holes. To ensure that the final hole position meets the specifications, the final hole position of the two side holes is 20m away from the two lane sides, and its projection length on the lane center line is 90m. The length of the drilled hole is L = 90 2 +22.52=92.77m, and the angle between it and the center hole is: arctg(22.5 / 90)=14°02′. According to the distance between the two side holes and the angle between the center hole, the positions of the final holes c2 and c3 of the two side holes can be uniquely determined. According to the modified contour map of the coal seam floor, the elevation of the coal seam roof and floor can be obtained by interpolation.

[0011] S6. The Geodesy Department calibrates the parameters of the four boreholes on site. During drilling, a geological personnel makes original records of the drilling. The center holes C1 and C4 are calibrated first, and then the left side holes C2 and the right side holes C3 are drilled in sequence.

[0012] A method for drilling a tunneling working face structure may further include the following steps:

[0013] The step of drilling in the abnormal area is S7. The roof elevation at drilling position C is 896.82m. The slope of the tunnel excavated at drilling position C is 3°18′. According to the length and slope, it can be preliminarily inferred that the final coal seam elevation of the drilling hole is 891.63m, the floor elevation is 888.13m, the center axis of the drilling rig is 2m above the roof, and the elevation at the center axis of the drilling rig is 894.82;

[0014] S8, the inclination angles of the left and right side holes are determined according to the top and bottom plate elevations of the final hole, and the top and bottom plate elevations of the coal seam are obtained by interpolation. The bottom plate elevation of the final hole d2 is 889.1m, and the estimated drilling hole elevation in the coal seam is 890.8m. The inclination angle of the drilling hole is θ = arctg (4.02 / 92.77) = 2°28′.

[0015] The bottom elevation of the final hole d3 is 889.6m, the estimated drilling elevation in the coal seam is 891.3m, and the inclination of the drilling hole is θ = arctg (3.52 / 92.77) = 2°10′;

[0016] S9. According to the drilling design, the surveying and surveying technicians calibrate the hole opening parameters in turn and start drilling. When the drilling reaches 34.5m, the drilling layer changes. The layer of the borehole can be preliminarily determined based on the speed of on-site drilling and the size of the rock cuttings in the return water. The drilling continues to move forward to the designed position and the original data is collected and sorted.

[0017] To further optimize the technical solution, when there is no abnormality in the geophysical drilling in step S1, a safety distance of 30 meters is designed to be left in the front and a safety distance of 20 meters is left on both sides of the tunnel. The drilling is 90 meters each time, and the next drilling operation is carried out after 60 meters of excavation.

[0018] To further optimize the technical solution, the elevation of point A at a certain drilling position in step S2 is 903.05m, the elevation of point B at the drilling position is 898.79m, the height difference between points AB is 4.26m, and the distance is 73.78. The slope between points AB can be obtained as: θ=arctg(4.26 / 73.78)=3°18′.

[0019] To further optimize the technical solution, the design of the drilling center hole in step S4 should theoretically control the final hole position of the drilling hole at the top and bottom plate positions of the coal seam, and calculate the inclination of the drilling hole according to the elevation of the center axis of the machine and the elevation of the final hole position;

[0020] If the center hole c1 is drilled to control the roof, the final hole elevation is located at the coal seam roof, and the elevation difference between the two points is H1 = 896.79-893.92 = 2.87m;

[0021] The inclination angle of borehole c1 is θ=arctg(2.87 / 90)=1°49′, the center hole c4 is drilled to control the bottom plate, the elevation difference between the two points is H1=896.79-890.42=3.37m, and the inclination angle of borehole c4 is θ=arctg(6.37 / 90)=4°03′.

[0022] Further optimize the technical solution, in step S5, the bottom plate elevation of the c2 end hole is 892.1m, the elevation in the coal seam is 893.84m, and the inclination angle of the borehole is θ=arctg(2.99 / 92.77)=1°50′, the bottom plate elevation of the c3 end hole is 892.4m, the elevation in the coal seam is 894.1m, and the inclination angle of the borehole is θ=arctg(6.37 / 92.77)=1°39′

[0023] The parameters of C1, C2, C3, and C4 drilling holes are calculated as follows:

[0024] C1 drilling parameters are: L = 90m, drilling azimuth angle is 90°, drilling inclination angle = -1°49′

[0025] C2 drilling parameters: L = 90m, drilling azimuth 90°, drilling inclination = -1°50′

[0026] The C3 drilling parameters are: L = 92.77m, drilling azimuth = 75°58′, drilling inclination = -1°39′

[0027] The c4 drilling parameters are: L = 92.77m, drilling azimuth = 104°02′, and drilling inclination = -4°03′.

[0028] To further optimize the technical solution, the design of the drilling center hole in step S7 should theoretically be controlled at the top and bottom plate positions of the coal seam at the final hole position of the drilling, and the inclination of the drilling hole is calculated according to the elevation of the machine center axis and the elevation of the final hole position. For example, if the center drill d1 controls the top plate, the elevation difference between the two points is: arctg (3.19 / 90) = 2°02′, and the inclination of the bottom plate hole drilling d4 is arctg (6.69 / 90) = 4°15′.

[0029] To further optimize the technical solution, the drilling parameters at the drilling site B are obtained according to the drilling parameters of d2 and d3 in step S8 as follows:

[0030] The drilling parameters of d1 are L = 90m, drilling azimuth angle is 90°, drilling inclination angle = -2°02′

[0031] The drilling parameters of d2 are L = 90m, drilling azimuth angle 90°, drilling inclination angle = -2°28′

[0032] The drilling parameters of d3 are L = 92.77m, drilling azimuth = 75°58′, drilling inclination = -2°10′

[0033] The drilling parameters of d4 are L=92.77m, drilling azimuth is 104°02′, and drilling inclination is -4°15′.

[0034] To further optimize this technical solution, on the basis of the normal advance drilling design, additional drilling is carried out on the boreholes in the direction of the borehole abnormality. According to the drilling rig opening position, the drilling abnormality position, and the lithology changes of the drilled coal and rock strata, the abnormal layer and the elevation of the roof and floor of the coal (rock) layer are inferred, and the inclination of the additional borehole is designed. On the basis of the inclination of the abnormal borehole, additional exploration is carried out in the vertical direction at a level of ±2°-±5°. The drilling depth is based on the standard of exploring the roof and floor of the coal seam in the abnormal area ahead. Generally, two additional boreholes are added.

[0035] To further optimize this technical solution, the abnormal boreholes of the center hole and the auxiliary holes are drilled in turn to increase the density of supplementary drilling, and three boreholes are guaranteed to control the roof and floor conditions of the coal and rock layers in front in each direction. The position and elevation of the top and floor of the coal and rock layers are calculated according to the inclination of each borehole and the detected lithology of the coal and rock layers, and the elevation of the roof and floor of the coal seam detected by the borehole is determined. The elevations of the roof and floor of the coal seam detected by the borehole are connected and extended, which is the inferred coal seam in front.

[0036] Beneficial Effects

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for drilling a tunneling working face structure, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] 1. The structural drilling method of the excavation working face, before the start of the excavation working face, uses the existing geological work results in the mining area, the drawings and reports of the geological exploration report and the physical report results report to prepare the geological description of the excavation working face, draw the predicted profile of the excavation working face, and grasp the occurrence and change trend of the coal and rock strata in front of the excavation working face according to the various characteristics of the detected abnormal geological body, accurately grasp and determine the construction layer, reasonably design the tunnel excavation slope, minimize the engineering volume of the tunnel passing through the structure, reduce the loss of resources, improve the recovery rate, and accurately identify the shape, scale, spatial structure, occurrence and other parameters of the structure so as to take effective and advanced control measures in time.

[0039] 2. The structural drilling method of the excavation working face is to measure the tunnels in time during the excavation process of the excavation working face, especially to follow up the measurement of the roof and floor elevations of the sections where the coal rock mass fluctuates. The coal seam roof and floor contour map of the excavation working face is corrected according to the fluctuation of the coal seam height of the excavation working face and the adjacent excavation working faces and the geological drilling conditions in the area in front of the excavation working face. The area, location and range of possible abnormal geological bodies detected and described in various geological exploration reports are filled in on the coal seam floor contour map prepared for the excavation working face.

[0040] 3. The structural drilling method of the excavation working face is to survey the surface corresponding to the excavation working face to find out whether there are any exposed abnormal geological structures, water bodies, etc. For the abnormal geological structures such as faults, sinkholes, folds, etc. exposed on the ground, their spatial position, scale, size, range, etc. are measured, and their positions are estimated according to the buried depth of the coal seam. They are filled in the contour map of the bottom plate of the excavation working face. For abnormal geological bodies outside the normal water exploration design drilling length of the excavation working face, no additional drilling is carried out, and construction is carried out according to the normal water exploration and release design.

[0041] 4. The structural drilling method of the excavation working face is to arrange a technician who has theoretical knowledge of mine geology-related strata and understands lithology analysis during drilling and can accurately identify the strata to provide on-site guidance during the drilling operation, and analyze the lithology during the drilling process, especially strengthen the collection and cataloging of original geological data for drilling. After the drilling is completed, the actual trajectory of the borehole is measured with a borehole tracker and a peep instrument, and the azimuth, inclination, depth and other parameters of the borehole are corrected. The coal and rock strata and lithology revealed by the borehole are compared and analyzed, and relevant drawings are drawn; after the drilling is completed, comparison and analysis are carried out to determine the abnormal range, position, scale and occurrence in front of the excavation working face, and a qualitative analysis of the structure is conducted, and reliable technical measures for structural safety are formulated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 A flow chart of a drilling method for a tunneling working face structure proposed by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 A drilling profile diagram of a drilling method for a tunneling working face structure proposed by the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 A drilling plan view of a tunneling working face construction drilling method proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Example:

[0047] Please refer to Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention discloses a method for drilling a tunneling working face structure, comprising the following steps:

[0048] Drilling operation step S1 is performed in the normal area. Four boreholes are arranged for each drilling, including two center holes and two left and right side holes. The length of the center hole is 90 meters, and the depth of the left and right side holes is 92.8 meters. The end hole of the center hole controls the roof and floor of the coal seam respectively. The two side holes are arranged in the coal seam. The end hole position of the laneway side hole is 20 meters away from the side of the excavation laneway. In the step S1, when there is no abnormality in the geophysical drilling, a safety distance of 30 meters is reserved in the design in front, and a safety distance of 20 meters is reserved on both sides of the laneway. Drill 90 meters each time, and the next drilling operation is carried out after excavating 60 meters.

[0049] S2. According to the elevation of the coal seam roof and floor of the tunnel, the elevation of the coal seam roof and floor at the drilling position and the distance between the two points, the slope of the coal seam roof and floor of the tunnel is obtained. In step S2, the elevation of point A at a certain distance from the drilling position is 903.05m, the elevation of point B at the drilling position is 898.79m, the height difference between points AB is 4.26m, and the distance is 73.78. The slope between points AB can be obtained as:

[0050] θ=arctg(4.26 / 73.78)=3°18′;

[0051] S3. Based on the roof and floor elevations and slopes at the drilling location, estimate the roof elevation of the coal seam within the forward drilling range and draw a predicted coal seam profile;

[0052] S4, drilling design is performed, the height of the drilling rig at drilling position B, the height between the center axis of the drilling rig and the roof is 2m, the elevation at the center axis of the drilling rig is 896.79m, the drilling depth is 90m, and the roof elevation of the coal seam at the final drilling position is 893.92m and the floor elevation is 890.42m according to the drilling depth and slope. In the step S4, the center hole design of the drilling should theoretically be controlled at the top and bottom plate positions of the coal seam at the final drilling position, and the inclination of the drilling hole is calculated according to the elevation of the center axis of the machine and the elevation of the final hole position;

[0053] If the center hole c1 is drilled to control the roof, the final hole elevation is located at the coal seam roof, and the elevation difference between the two points is H1 = 896.79-893.92 = 2.87m;

[0054] The inclination angle of borehole c1 is θ=arctg(2.87 / 90)=1°49′, the center hole c4 is drilled to control the bottom plate, the elevation difference between the two points is H1=896.79-890.42=3.37m, and the inclination angle of borehole c4 is θ=arctg(6.37 / 90)=4°03′;

[0055] S5. Design of the two side holes. To ensure that the final hole position meets the specifications, the final hole position of the two side holes is 20m away from the two lane sides, and its projection length on the lane center line is 90m. The length of the drilled hole is L = 90 2 +22.52=92.77m, and its angle with the center hole is: arctg(22.5 / 90)=14°02′. According to the distance between the two side holes and the angle between the center hole, the positions of the final holes c2 and c3 of the two side holes can be uniquely determined. According to the modified coal seam bottom plate contour map, the elevation of the top and bottom plates of the coal seam is obtained by interpolation. In step S5, the bottom plate elevation of the c2 final hole is 892.1m, and its elevation in the coal seam is 893.84m. The inclination angle of the borehole is θ=arctg(2.99 / 92.77)=1°50′. The bottom plate elevation of the c3 final hole is 892.4m, and its elevation in the coal seam is 894.1m. The inclination angle of the borehole is θ=arctg(6.37 / 92.77)=1°39′

[0056] The parameters of C1, C2, C3, and C4 drilling holes are calculated as follows:

[0057] C1 drilling parameters are: L = 90m, drilling azimuth angle is 90°, drilling inclination angle = -1°49′

[0058] C2 drilling parameters: L = 90m, drilling azimuth 90°, drilling inclination = -1°50′

[0059] The C3 drilling parameters are: L = 92.77m, drilling azimuth = 75°58′, drilling inclination = -1°39′

[0060] The drilling parameters of c4 are: L = 92.77m, drilling azimuth = 104°02′, drilling inclination = -4°03′;

[0061] S6. The Geodesy Department calibrates the parameters of the four boreholes on site. During drilling, a geological personnel makes original records of the drilling. The center holes C1 and C4 are calibrated first, and then the left side holes C2 and the right side holes C3 are drilled in sequence.

[0062] A method for drilling a tunneling working face structure may further include the following steps:

[0063] Step S7 of drilling in abnormal area, the roof elevation at drilling position C is 896.82m, the slope of the tunnel excavated at drilling position C is 3°18′, according to the length and slope, it can be preliminarily inferred that the coal seam elevation at the end of drilling is 891.63m, the bottom plate elevation is 888.13m, the center axis of the drilling rig is 2m above the roof, and the elevation at the center axis of the drilling rig is 894.82. The design of the drilling center hole in step S7 should theoretically be controlled at the top and bottom plate positions of the coal seam at the end hole position of the drilling. The inclination of the drilling hole is calculated according to the elevation of the center axis of the machine and the elevation of the end hole position. For example, the center drill d1 controls the top plate, and the elevation difference between the two points is its inclination: arctg(3.19 / 90)=2°02′, and the inclination of the bottom plate hole drilling d4 is arctg(6.69 / 90)=4°15′;

[0064] S8, the inclination angles of the left and right side holes are determined according to the top and bottom plate elevations of the final hole, and the top and bottom plate elevations of the coal seam are obtained by interpolation. The bottom plate elevation of the final hole d2 is 889.1m, and the estimated drilling hole elevation in the coal seam is 890.8m. The inclination angle of the drilling hole is θ = arctg (4.02 / 92.77) = 2°28′

[0065] The bottom elevation of the final hole d3 is 889.6m, the estimated drilling elevation in the coal seam is 891.3m, and the inclination angle of the drilling hole is θ = arctg (3.52 / 92.77) = 2°10′

[0066] In step S8, the drilling parameters at drilling site B are obtained based on the drilling parameters d2 and d3 as follows:

[0067] The drilling parameters of d1 are L = 90m, drilling azimuth angle is 90°, drilling inclination angle = -2°02′

[0068] The drilling parameters of d2 are L = 90m, drilling azimuth angle 90°, drilling inclination angle = -2°28′

[0069] The drilling parameters of d3 are L = 92.77m, drilling azimuth = 75°58′, drilling inclination = -2°10′

[0070] The drilling parameters of d4 are L = 92.77 m, drilling azimuth = 104°02′, and drilling inclination = -4°15′;

[0071] S9. According to the drilling design, the geodesy technicians calibrate the hole opening parameters in turn and start drilling. When the drilling reaches 34.5m, the drilling layer changes. The layer position of the borehole can be preliminarily determined based on the speed of on-site drilling and the size of the rock cuttings in the return water. The drilling continues to move forward to the designed position, and the original data is collected and sorted. On the basis of the normal advanced drilling design, additional drilling is carried out in the direction of the abnormal drilling. According to the drilling position of the drill rig, the abnormal drilling position, and the changes in the lithology of the drilled coal and rock layers, the abnormal layer and the top and bottom plate elevations of the coal (rock) layer are inferred, and the additional drilling is designed. Dip angle, based on the dip angle of abnormal boreholes, supplementary exploration is carried out in the vertical direction at the level of ±2°-±5°. The drilling depth is based on the standard of exploring the roof and floor of the coal seam in the abnormal area ahead. Generally, two additional boreholes are added, and the abnormal boreholes of the center hole and the side hole are drilled in turn. In each direction, three boreholes are guaranteed to control the roof and floor conditions of the coal and rock layer ahead. The position and elevation of the top and bottom of the coal and rock layer are calculated according to the dip angle of each borehole and the lithology of the detected coal and rock layer, and the elevation of the roof and bottom of the coal seam detected by the borehole is determined. The elevation of the roof and bottom of the coal seam detected by the borehole is connected and extended, which is the inferred coal seam ahead.

[0072] Working principle: When the abnormal geological structure is predicted to be within the design of exploration and water release, advance geophysical exploration is carried out before exploration and water release within the drilling distance required by exploration and water release. The spatial position, scale, size, range, etc. of the abnormal geological body are determined by using the advance transient electrical method and the direct current electrical method. Based on the two different geophysical exploration methods, the two methods are used to verify each other, and a comprehensive analysis and comprehensive study is conducted. The range of the geophysical abnormal area is densely distributed on the basis of the exploration and water release drilling design to accurately detect;

[0073] The position of the detected coal (rock) layer and the coal seam at the drilling anomaly during actual excavation is the position of the structure. The top and bottom plates of the coal seam are extended and inferred from the top and bottom plates of the coal seam during actual excavation. The plan view and cross-section view of the borehole are drawn. The direction of the abnormal position of the center hole or the two holes on the plan view is the direction of the fault. According to the elevation of the coal seam, the direction from the high elevation to the low elevation is the inclination of the fault. The height difference of the fault is determined on the cross-section view according to the drilling detection results.

[0074] When and after the structure is exposed, the Geodesy Department arranges special personnel to go underground to measure the structure, collect structural elements, draw structural sketches, and establish geological cards. According to the angle between the structure and the tunnel, horizontal drilling is carried out vertically to the structure at a certain distance through the structure to further verify the structural elements and structural extension direction; comprehensive analysis and research are carried out to draw the structure, so as to provide reliable geological data for the comprehensive mining working face after the excavation working face is formed;

[0075] By comparing the abnormal areas of the exploration results of the two methods, the consistency and overlap of the abnormalities are obtained, and then the accuracy of the abnormal geophysical results is determined. By combining with geological data such as tunnel exposure and precise external exploration, the internal structural development of the working face can be accurately identified and a qualitative interpretation can be made. Through the exploration of a variety of downhole geophysical methods, the accuracy of downhole geophysical methods in geological structure exploration within the coal mining working face can be effectively improved, and the development form and position, scope, rock mass, and whether the geological structure is water-conducting can be determined more accurately. While exploring, comprehensive collation and comprehensive analysis and research can be carried out, the design can be corrected to guide construction, first-hand original data can be collected on site in a timely manner, and the plan view, cross-section view, and profile view of the structure can be corrected and drawn in a timely manner.

[0076] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the tunneling working face structural drilling method, the tunneling working face structural drilling method, before the tunneling working face starts, uses the existing geological work results in the mining area, the drawings and reports of the geological exploration report and the physical report results report to prepare the tunneling working face geological description, draw the tunneling working face prediction profile, according to the various characteristics of the detected abnormal geological body, grasp the coal and rock layer in front of the tunneling working face and the change trend, accurately grasp and determine the construction layer, reasonably design the tunneling slope, minimize the engineering volume of the tunnel passing through the structure, reduce the loss of resources, and improve the recovery The rate of the tunneling face is to accurately identify the shape, scale, spatial structure, occurrence and other parameters of the structure so as to take effective and advanced treatment measures in time; in the process of excavation of the tunneling face, the tunnel is measured in time, especially the roof and floor elevations of the sections where the coal rock mass fluctuates are followed up, and the contour map of the roof and floor of the tunneling face coal seam is corrected according to the fluctuation of the coal seam height of the tunneling face and the adjacent tunneling face, and the geological drilling conditions in the area in front of the tunneling face; the area, location and scope of the possible abnormal geological bodies detected and described in the results of various geological exploration reports are filled in and mapped in the tunneling face. The surface of the coal seam floor is mapped; the ground corresponding to the excavation working face is surveyed to find out whether there are any abnormal geological structures or water bodies. For abnormal geological structures such as faults, collapse columns, and folds that are exposed on the ground, their spatial position, scale, size, and range are measured, and their positions are estimated based on the buried depth of the coal seam, and filled in on the contour map of the floor of the excavation working face. For abnormal geological bodies outside the normal water exploration design drilling length of the excavation working face, no additional drilling is performed, and construction is carried out according to the normal water exploration and discharge design; during the drilling operation, a person who understands the theoretical knowledge of the strata related to mine geology and the lithology during drilling is assigned Analysis, technical personnel who can accurately identify the strata will conduct on-site guidance, analyze the lithology during the drilling process, especially strengthen the collection and cataloging of original geological data for drilling, and after the drilling is completed, measure the actual trajectory of the borehole with a borehole tracker and a peep instrument, correct the azimuth, inclination, depth and other parameters of the borehole, compare and analyze the coal and rock strata and lithology revealed by the borehole, and draw relevant maps; after the drilling is completed, compare and analyze to determine the abnormal range, location, scale and occurrence in front of the excavation working face, conduct qualitative analysis of the structure, and formulate reliable technical measures for structural safety.

[0077] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0078] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for drilling a working face structure, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Drilling operation steps S1 in the normal area: 4 boreholes are arranged each time, including 2 center holes and 2 left and right side holes. The length of the center hole is 90 meters, and the depth of the left and right side holes is 92.8 meters. The center hole and the end hole control the roof and floor of the coal seam respectively. The two side holes are arranged in the coal seam, and the end hole position of the roadway side hole is 20 meters away from the side of the excavation roadway; S2. Calculate the slope of the coal seam roof and floor of the excavated roadway according to the elevation of the coal seam roof and floor at the drilling position and the distance between the two points; S3. Estimate the roof elevation of the coal seam within the forward drilling range based on the roof and floor elevations and slopes at the drilling location, and draw a predicted coal seam profile; S4. Drilling design is performed. The height of the drilling rig at drilling position B is 2m from the center axis of the drilling rig to the roof. The elevation at the center axis of the drilling rig is 896.79m. The drilling depth is 90m. According to the drilling depth and slope, the roof elevation of the coal seam at the final drilling position is 893.92m, and the floor elevation is 890.42m. S5. Design of the two side holes. To ensure that the final hole position meets the specifications, the final hole position of the two side holes is 20m away from the two lane sides, and its projection length on the lane center line is 90m. The length of the drilled hole is L = 90 2 +22.52=92.77m, and the angle between it and the center hole is: arctg(22.5 / 90)=14°02′. According to the distance between the two side holes and the angle between the center hole, the positions of the final holes c2 and c3 of the two side holes can be uniquely determined. According to the modified contour map of the coal seam floor, the elevation of the coal seam roof and floor can be obtained by interpolation. S6. The Geodesy Department calibrates the parameters of the four boreholes on site. During drilling, a geological personnel makes original records of the drilling. The center holes C1 and C4 are calibrated first, and then the left side holes C2 and the right side holes C3 are drilled in sequence.

2. A method for drilling a tunneling working face structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Or further include the following steps: The step of drilling in the abnormal area is S7. The roof elevation at drilling position C is 896.82m. The slope of the tunnel excavated at drilling position C is 3°18′. According to the length and slope, it can be preliminarily inferred that the final coal seam elevation of the drilling hole is 891.63m, the floor elevation is 888.13m, the center axis of the drilling rig is 2m above the roof, and the elevation at the center axis of the drilling rig is 894.82; S8, the inclination angles of the left and right side holes are determined according to the top and bottom plate elevations of the final hole, and the top and bottom plate elevations of the coal seam are obtained by interpolation. The bottom plate elevation of the final hole d2 is 889.1m, and the estimated drilling hole elevation in the coal seam is 890.8m. The inclination angle of the drilling hole is θ = arctg (4.02 / 92.77) = 2°28′. The bottom elevation of the final hole d3 is 889.6m, the estimated drilling elevation in the coal seam is 891.3m, and the inclination of the drilling hole is θ = arctg (3.52 / 92.77) = 2°10′; S9. According to the drilling design, the surveying and surveying technicians calibrate the hole opening parameters in turn and start drilling. When the drilling reaches 34.5m, the drilling layer changes. The layer of the borehole can be preliminarily determined based on the speed of on-site drilling and the size of the rock cuttings in the return water. The drilling continues to move forward to the designed position and the original data is collected and sorted.

3. A method for drilling a tunneling working face structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, when there is no abnormality in the geophysical drilling, a safety distance of 30 meters is designed to be left in the front and a safety distance of 20 meters is left on both sides of the tunnel. The drilling is 90 meters each time, and the next drilling operation is carried out after 60 meters of excavation.

4. A method for drilling a tunneling working face structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the elevation of point A at a certain drilling position is 903.05m, the elevation of point B at the drilling position is 898.79m, the height difference between points AB is 4.26m, and the distance is 73.

78. The slope between points AB can be obtained as: θ=arctg(4.26 / 73.78)=3°18′.

5. A method for drilling a tunneling working face structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S4, the center hole design of the drilling should theoretically be controlled at the top and bottom plates of the coal seam at the final hole position of the drilling, and the inclination of the drilling hole should be calculated according to the elevation of the center axis of the machine and the elevation of the final hole position; If the center hole c1 is drilled to control the roof, the final hole elevation is located at the coal seam roof, and the elevation difference between the two points is H1 = 896.79-893.92 = 2.87m; The inclination angle of borehole c1 is θ=arctg(2.87 / 90)=1°49′, the center hole c4 is drilled to control the bottom plate, the elevation difference between the two points is H1=896.79-890.42=3.37m, and the inclination angle of borehole c4 is θ=arctg(6.37 / 90)=4°03′.

6. A method for drilling a tunneling working face structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the bottom plate elevation of the c2 end hole is 892.1m, the elevation in the coal seam is 893.84m, and the inclination angle of the borehole is θ=arctg(2.99 / 92.77)=1°50′. The bottom plate elevation of the c3 end hole is 892.4m, the elevation in the coal seam is 894.1m, and the inclination angle of the borehole is θ=arctg(6.37 / 92.77)=1°39′. The parameters of the c1, c2, c3, and c4 boreholes are calculated as follows: C1 drilling parameters are: L = 90m, drilling azimuth angle is 90°, drilling inclination angle = -1°49′ C2 drilling parameters: L = 90m, drilling azimuth 90°, drilling inclination = -1°50′ C3 drilling parameters: L = 92.77m, drilling azimuth 75°58′, drilling inclination = -1°39′ The c4 drilling parameters are: L = 92.77m, drilling azimuth = 104°02′, and drilling inclination = -4°03′.

7. A method for drilling a tunneling working face structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The design of the drilling center hole in step S7 should theoretically control the top and bottom plate positions of the coal seam at the final hole position of the drilling, and calculate the inclination of the drilling hole based on the elevation of the machine center axis and the elevation of the final hole position. For example, if the center drill d1 controls the top plate, the elevation difference between the two points is: arctg (3.19 / 90) = 2°02′, and the inclination of the bottom plate hole drilling d4 is arctg (6.69 / 90) = 4°15′.

8. A method for drilling a tunneling working face structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S8, the drilling parameters at drilling site B are obtained based on the drilling parameters d2 and d3 as follows: The drilling parameters of d1 are L = 90m, drilling azimuth angle is 90°, drilling inclination angle = -2°02′ The drilling parameters of d2 are L = 90m, drilling azimuth = 90°, drilling inclination = -2°28′ The drilling parameters of d3 are L = 92.77m, drilling azimuth = 75°58′, drilling inclination = -2°10′ The drilling parameters of d4 are L=92.77m, drilling azimuth is 104°02′, and drilling inclination is -4°15′.

9. A method for drilling a tunneling working face structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: On the basis of normal advance drilling design, additional drilling is carried out on the holes in the direction of the abnormal drilling. According to the drilling rig opening position, the drilling abnormality position, and the lithology changes of the drilled coal and rock strata, the abnormal layer and the roof and floor elevations of the coal (rock) strata are inferred, and the inclination of the additional drilling holes is designed. On the basis of the inclination of the abnormal drilling holes, additional exploration is carried out in the vertical direction at a level of ±2°-±5°. The drilling depth is based on the standard of exploring the roof and floor of the coal seam in the abnormal area ahead. Generally, two additional drilling holes are performed.

10. A method for drilling a tunneling working face structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The abnormal boreholes of the center hole and the side holes are drilled in turn to increase the number of additional holes, and three boreholes are ensured in each direction to control the roof and floor conditions of the coal and rock layer in front. The position and elevation of the top and floor of the coal and rock layer are calculated according to the inclination of each borehole and the lithology of the detected coal and rock layer, and the elevation of the roof and floor of the coal seam detected by the borehole is determined. The elevation of the roof and floor of the coal seam detected by the borehole is connected and extended, which is the inferred coal seam in front.

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