Spacer, turbocharger and nozzle module thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a spacer, a turbocharger and a nozzle module of the turbocharger. The spacer includes: a spacer portion; a first assembling part and a second assembling part; comprising at least one of a first transition section, a middle section and an assembly section, the radial size of at least part of the first transition section and the middle section is smaller than that of the assembly section, and a gap is formed between the first assembly section and a first assembly hole of the nozzle ring; the second assembling part comprises a first transition section, a middle section and an assembling section, the radial size of at least part of the first transition section and the middle section is smaller than that of the assembling section, and a gap is formed between the second assembling part and a second assembling hole of the pipe flange. According to the nozzle module, sufficient gaps are formed after the middle sections of the first assembly part and the second assembly part are assembled with the assembly holes of the nozzle ring or the pipe flange, so that deformation of the nozzle module caused by high temperature is buffered, and spacer materials flowing towards the middle sections in the fixed connection process of the assembly sections and the assembly holes such as riveting and the like are contained; the problem of cracks caused by the manufacturing process can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of engine technology, and in particular to a spacer, a turbocharger and a nozzle module thereof. Background Art

[0002] An exhaust-driven turbocharger is a device used in conjunction with an internal combustion engine to increase the power output of the engine by compressing air that is delivered to the engine's intake to be mixed with fuel and combusted in the engine.

[0003] A turbocharger includes a compressor wheel mounted on one end of a shaft in a compressor housing and a turbine wheel mounted on the other end of the shaft in a turbine housing. The turbine housing defines a generally annular chamber that surrounds the turbine wheel and receives exhaust gas from the engine. The exhaust gas flows from the chamber through a nozzle module to the turbine wheel, and the turbine wheel is driven by the exhaust gas. Thus, the turbine wheel extracts power from the exhaust gas and drives the compressor wheel. The compressor wheel receives ambient air through the inlet of the compressor housing, and the air is compressed by the compressor wheel and then discharged from the compressor housing to the engine intake.

[0004] In the related art, a turbocharger has a nozzle cartridge, which includes a nozzle ring that forms one wall of the nozzle cartridge and supports a row of vanes in the nozzle cartridge; and an insert that is connected to the nozzle ring through a spacer and forms an opposite wall of the nozzle cartridge, with the vanes extending between the nozzle ring and the insert.

[0005] However, the spacer is riveted to the nozzle ring and the insert, and the spacer is prone to large stress, resulting in failure modes such as cracks in the spacer. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the existing methods, the present application proposes a spacer, a turbocharger and a nozzle module thereof, so as to solve the technical problems existing in the related technologies such as the spacer being prone to cracks in harsh application environments or during the manufacturing process.

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a spacer, including: a spacer having a first end surface and a second end surface opposite to each other; The first assembly portion and the second assembly portion are respectively arranged at the first end surface and the second end surface of the spacing portion; The spacer includes at least one of the following: The first assembly portion comprises a first transition section, an intermediate section and an assembly section connected in sequence, wherein the radial dimensions of at least a part of the first transition section and the intermediate section of the first assembly portion are smaller than the radial dimensions of the connected assembly sections, and the first assembly portion is configured to be located in the first assembly hole of the nozzle ring and have a gap with the first assembly hole, and the assembly section of the first assembly portion is configured to be at least partially fixed at one end of the first assembly hole away from the spacing portion; The second assembly portion includes a first transition section, an intermediate section and an assembly section which are connected in sequence. The radial dimensions of at least part of the first transition section and the intermediate section of the second assembly portion are smaller than the radial dimensions of the connected assembly sections. The second assembly portion is constructed to be located in the second assembly hole of the tube flange of the insert and to have a gap with the second assembly hole. The assembly section of the second assembly portion is constructed to be at least partially fixed at one end of the second assembly hole away from the spacing portion.

[0008] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the first transition section is connected to the spacer, and the radial dimension of the first transition section gradually decreases along a first direction away from the spacer; The radial dimension of at least a portion of the middle section is smaller than the radial dimension of an end of the first transition section close to the spacing portion.

[0009] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the middle section includes: a first straight section and a second transition section sequentially connected along a first direction; The radial dimensions of the first straight section and part of the second transition section are both smaller than the radial dimension of the assembly section.

[0010] In some optional embodiments of the present application, along the first direction, the radial dimension of the second transition section gradually increases, and the radial dimension of one end of the second transition section close to the assembly section is not greater than the radial dimension of the assembly section.

[0011] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the middle section includes: a second straight section, a first diameter-reducing section, and a third transition section sequentially connected along the first direction; The radial dimensions of the second straight section, at least a portion of the first diameter-changing section, and at least a portion of the third transition section are all smaller than the radial dimension of the assembly section.

[0012] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the middle section further includes: The third straight section is connected between the first diameter-changing section and the third transition section, and the radial dimension of the third straight section is smaller than the radial dimension of the assembly section.

[0013] In some optional embodiments of the present application, along the first direction, the radial dimension of the first diameter-changing section gradually increases and then gradually decreases; Along the first direction, the radial dimension of the third transition section gradually increases, and the radial dimension of one end of the third transition section close to the assembly section is not greater than the radial dimension of the assembly section.

[0014] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the middle section includes: a fourth straight section and a second diameter-reducing section connected in sequence along the first direction; The radial dimension of the fourth straight section is not greater than the radial dimension of the assembly section, and the radial dimension of at least part of the second diameter-changing section is smaller than the radial dimension of the assembly section.

[0015] In some optional embodiments of the present application, along the first direction, the radial dimension of the second diameter-changing section gradually decreases and then gradually increases.

[0016] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the second diameter-changing section includes: a main diameter-changing section and an auxiliary diameter-changing section; Along the axial direction of the second diameter reducing section, the radial dimensions of the main diameter reducing sections gradually increase from the center of the main diameter reducing section to the two ends; The two ends of the main reducing section are respectively connected to the fourth straight section and the assembly section through the auxiliary reducing section; The radial dimension of the auxiliary diameter-reducing section gradually increases in the direction away from the main diameter-reducing section.

[0017] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the increase in the radial dimension of the main diameter-reducing section is greater than the increase in the radial dimension of the auxiliary diameter-reducing section; The radial dimension of one end of the auxiliary diameter-reducing section close to the assembly section is not greater than the radial dimension of the assembly section.

[0018] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the spacer portion includes: a third diameter-reducing section, a first shoulder, and a second shoulder; Along the axial direction of the spacer, the radial dimension of the third diameter-changing section gradually increases from the center of the third diameter-changing section to both ends; The first shoulder is arranged at the first end of the third diameter-changing section, and the surface of the first shoulder away from the third diameter-changing section serves as the first end surface of the spacer; The second shoulder is arranged at the second end of the third diameter-changing section, and the surface of the second shoulder away from the third diameter-changing section serves as the second end surface of the spacer.

[0019] In some optional embodiments of the present application, a circumferential side wall of at least one of the first shoulder and the second shoulder is provided with an annular groove.

[0020] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the spacer portion includes: a fourth diameter-reducing section, a fourth transition section, and a third shoulder; Along the axial direction of the spacer, the radial dimension of the fourth diameter-changing section gradually increases from the center of the fourth diameter-changing section to both ends; The fourth diameter-changing section has fourth transition sections at both ends thereof; In a direction away from the fourth diameter-changing section, the radial dimension of the fourth transition section gradually increases; A third shoulder is provided on a side of the fourth transition section away from the fourth diameter-changing section; The surfaces of the third shoulders at both ends of the fourth diameter-changing section away from the fourth transition section serve as the first end surface and the second end surface of the spacing portion respectively.

[0021] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a nozzle module for a turbocharger, comprising a nozzle ring and an insert, and further comprising a spacer as described above; The spacer portion of the spacer is sandwiched between the nozzle ring and the pipe flange of the insert, and the first end surface and the second end surface of the spacer portion are respectively in contact with the nozzle ring and the pipe flange; The nozzle module further comprises at least one of the following: At least part of the first transition section and the middle section of the first assembly portion of the spacer is located in the first assembly hole of the nozzle ring and has a gap with the first assembly hole, and at least part of the assembly section of the first assembly portion is fixed at an end of the first assembly hole away from the pipe flange; At least part of the first transition section and the middle section of the second mounting portion of the spacer is located in the second mounting hole of the pipe flange with a gap therebetween, and at least part of the mounting section of the second mounting portion is fixed at one end of the second mounting hole away from the nozzle ring.

[0022] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a turbocharger, comprising a turbine housing and a turbine wheel, and also comprising a nozzle module as described above; The nozzle module is at least partially located within the turbine housing; The nozzle module includes a nozzle ring, an insert and a spacer; The turbine wheel axially passes through the hole in the center of the nozzle ring and the tubular portion in the center of the insert in sequence.

[0023] The beneficial technical effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application include: In the embodiment of the present application, a sufficient gap is formed between the middle section of at least one of the first assembly part and the second assembly part and the first assembly hole of the nozzle ring or the second assembly hole of the pipe flange after being assembled, which can buffer the deformation of the nozzle module caused by the high temperature of the exhaust gas flow and reduce the stress borne by the spacer; and can accommodate the spacer material that flows toward the middle section after the assembly section is deformed during the fixed connection (for example, riveting) between the spacer and the nozzle ring (or the spacer and the insert), reduce the shear stress caused by the friction between the flowing material and the first assembly hole of the nozzle ring or the second assembly hole of the pipe flange, and reduce the risk of the spacer cracking due to the stress, thereby greatly alleviating or solving the crack problem caused by harsh application environment or manufacturing process, so that the spacer of the present application can withstand long-term high-cycle temperature shock, thermal cycle, oxidation, creep and vibration loads, can reduce the probability and degree of cracks in harsh application environment and manufacturing process, delay or avoid cracks, and improve reliability and service life.

[0024] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be partially given in the following description, which will become apparent from the following description, or will be understood through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 A schematic front view of a specific example of a spacer provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of an angle of the middle partition; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the middle partition from another angle; Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic top view of the middle spacer; Figure 5 for Figure 1 A bottom view of the middle partition; Figure 6 A schematic front view of another specific example of a spacer provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 for Figure 6 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of an angle of the middle partition; Figure 8 for Figure 6 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the middle partition from another angle; Fig. 9 A front view schematic diagram of another specific example of a spacer provided in an embodiment of the present application; Fig.10 for Fig. 9 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of an angle of the middle partition; Fig.11 for Fig. 9 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the middle partition from another angle; Fig.12 A front view schematic diagram of another specific example of a spacer provided in an embodiment of the present application; Fig.13 for Fig.12 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of an angle of the middle partition; Fig.14 for Fig.12 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the middle partition from another angle; Fig.15 A front view schematic diagram of another specific example of a spacer provided in an embodiment of the present application; Fig.16 for Fig.15 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of an angle of the middle partition; Fig.17 for Fig.15 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the middle partition from another angle; Fig.18 A schematic structural diagram of a nozzle module of a turbocharger provided in an embodiment of the present application; Fig.19 for Fig.18 A schematic cross-sectional view of the nozzle module; Fig. 20 for Fig.19 A partial enlarged view of the middle nozzle module; Fig.21 A schematic cross-sectional view of a partial structure of a turbocharger provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Reference numerals: 100 - spacer; 10-spacing part; 11-first end surface; 12-second end surface; 13-third diameter reducing section; 14-first shoulder; 15-second shoulder; 16- fourth diameter reducing section; 17- fourth transition section; 18- third shoulder; 191- fillet portion; 192-annular groove; 20-first assembly part; 30- second assembly section; 41-first transition section; 42-middle segment; 421-first straight section; 422-second transition section; 423 - second straight section; 424 - first diameter-reducing section; 425 - third straight section; 426 - third transition section; 427- fourth straight section; 428- second diameter reducing section; 4281-main reducing section; 4282-auxiliary reducing section; 43-Assembly section; 1000 - turbocharger; 200-nozzle module; 210-nozzle ring; 211-first assembly hole; 220 - insert; 221 - second assembly hole; 222 - pipe flange; 223 - tubular portion; 230-gap; 300-turbine casing; 400 - Turbine wheel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with the drawings in the present application. It should be understood that the implementation methods described below in conjunction with the drawings are exemplary descriptions for explaining the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

[0028] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, unless expressly stated, the "said" and "the" used herein may also include plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "including" used in the specification of the present application refers to the presence of the features, integers, steps, operations and / or components, but does not exclude the implementation of other features, information, data, steps, operations, components and / or combinations thereof supported by the technical field. The term "and / or" used herein refers to at least one of the items defined by the term, for example, "A and / or B" may be implemented as "A", or as "B", or as "A and B".

[0029] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the implementation methods of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] In the related art, the spacer is riveted to the nozzle ring and the insert. The nozzle module is deformed due to the thermal shock of the exhaust gas, and the deformation causes the spacer to be subjected to bending moment and generate large stress. In addition, during the riveting process, as the spacer material flows to the middle section, the flowing material scrapes against the nozzle ring or the inside of the insert hole to generate shear stress. The spacer is subjected to the bending moment caused by the thermal expansion and contraction of the nozzle module and the pressure applied to the spacer during the riveting process, resulting in the risk of cracking of the spacer.

[0031] The spacer, turbocharger and nozzle module provided in the present application are intended to solve the technical problems existing in the related art such as the failure mode of the spacer being prone to cracks in harsh application environments or during the manufacturing process.

[0032] The following is a detailed description of the technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above technical problems with specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following implementations can refer to, draw on or combine with each other, and the same terms, similar features and similar implementation steps in different implementations will not be described repeatedly.

[0033] The present application embodiment provides a spacer 100, the structural schematic diagram of the spacer 100 is as follows Figures 1 to 17 As shown, it comprises: a spacing portion 10 , a first assembly portion 20 and a second assembly portion 30 .

[0034] The partition portion 10 has a first end surface 11 and a second end surface 12 opposite to each other; the first fitting portion 20 and the second fitting portion 30 are respectively disposed at the first end surface 11 and the second end surface 12 of the partition portion 10 .

[0035] The spacer 100 includes at least one of the following: The first assembly portion 20 includes a first transition section 41, an intermediate section 42 and an assembly section 43 connected in sequence. The radial dimensions of at least part of the first transition section 41 and the intermediate section 42 of the first assembly portion 20 are smaller than the radial dimensions of the connected assembly section 43. The first assembly portion 20 is configured to be located in the first assembly hole 211 of the nozzle ring 210 and to have a gap 230 with the first assembly hole 211. The assembly section 43 of the first assembly portion 20 is configured to be at least partially fixed at one end of the first assembly hole 211 away from the spacer portion 10.

[0036] The second assembly portion 30 includes a first transition section 41, an intermediate section 42 and an assembly section 43 connected in sequence. The radial dimensions of at least part of the first transition section 41 and the intermediate section 42 of the second assembly portion 30 are smaller than the radial dimensions of the connected assembly section 43. The second assembly portion 30 is constructed to be located in the second assembly hole 221 of the tube flange 222 of the insert 220 and to have a gap 230 with the second assembly hole 221. The assembly section 43 of the second assembly portion 30 is constructed to be at least partially fixed at one end of the second assembly hole 221 away from the spacer portion 10.

[0037] In the embodiment of the present application, the middle section 42 of at least one of the first assembly part 20 and the second assembly part 30 is assembled with the first assembly hole 211 of the nozzle ring 210 or the second assembly hole 221 of the pipe flange 222 to form a sufficient gap 230, which can buffer the deformation of the nozzle module caused by the high temperature of the exhaust gas flow, and can reduce the stress borne by the spacer 100; and can accommodate the spacer material that flows toward the middle section 42 after the assembly section 43 is deformed during the fixing (for example, riveting) of the spacer 100 and the nozzle ring 210 (or the pipe flange 222 of the insert 220), reduce the shear stress caused by the flowing material scraping against the first assembly hole 211 of the nozzle ring 210 or the second assembly hole 221 of the pipe flange 222, and can reduce the risk of the spacer 100 being cracked due to the stress, thereby greatly alleviating or solving the crack problem caused by the harsh application environment or manufacturing process, so that the spacer 100 of the present application can withstand long-term high-cycle temperature shock, thermal cycle, oxidation, creep and vibration loads. load), can reduce the probability and degree of cracks in harsh application environments and manufacturing processes, delay or avoid cracks, and improve reliability and service life.

[0038] It should be noted that the spacer 100 in the embodiment of the present application has a variety of structures or implementations. Specifically, for example, in a spacer 100, the first assembly portion 20 includes a first transition section 41, an intermediate section 42 and an assembly section 43, and the radial dimensions of at least part of the first transition section 41 and the intermediate section 42 of the first assembly portion 20 are smaller than the radial dimensions of the connected assembly section 43; however, the second assembly portion 30 can adopt the structure and setting method of a conventional assembly portion in the art (for example, the radial dimensions of the second assembly portion 30 are always equal along the axial direction).

[0039] For example, in another spacer 100, the second assembly portion 30 includes a first transition section 41, an intermediate section 42 and an assembly section 43, and the radial dimensions of at least part of the first transition section 41 and the intermediate section 42 of the second assembly portion 30 are smaller than the radial dimensions of the connected assembly section 43. However, the first assembly portion 20 may adopt the structure and arrangement of conventional assembly portions in the art (for example, the radial dimensions of the first assembly portion 20 are always equal along the axial direction); For example, in another spacer 100 , the first assembly portion 20 and the second assembly portion 30 both include a first transition section 41 , an intermediate section 42 and an assembly section 43 , and the radial dimensions of at least part of the first transition section 41 and the intermediate section 42 are smaller than the radial dimensions of the connected assembly section 43 .

[0040] Alternatively, if Fig. 20 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, there is a gap 230 between the outer peripheral wall of at least part of the middle section 42 of the first assembly portion 20 and the inner peripheral wall of the first assembly hole 211 of the nozzle ring 210. There is a gap 230 between the outer peripheral wall of at least part of the middle section 42 of the second assembly portion 30 and the inner peripheral wall of the second assembly hole 221 of the pipe flange 222.

[0041] This can buffer the deformation of the nozzle module caused by the high temperature of the exhaust gas flow and reduce the stress on the spacer 100; and can accommodate the spacer material that flows toward the middle section 42 after the assembly section 43 is deformed during the fixed connection (for example, riveting) between the spacer 100 and the nozzle ring 210 (or the spacer 100 and the pipe flange 222), thereby reducing the shear stress caused by the flowing material scraping against the first assembly hole 211 of the nozzle ring 210 or the second assembly hole 221 of the pipe flange 222, and reducing the risk of the spacer 100 cracking due to the stress, thereby greatly alleviating or solving the crack problem caused by harsh application environment or manufacturing process.

[0042] Alternatively, if Figure 1 , Figure 6 , Fig. 9 , Fig.12 and Fig.15 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the first transition section 41 is connected to the spacer 10, and along the first direction away from the spacer 10, the radial direction (including the radial direction) of the first transition section 41 Figure 1 , Figure 6 , Fig. 9 , Fig.12 and Fig.15 That is, along the direction close to the spacer 10, the radial dimension of the first transition section 41 gradually increases. Therefore, at the connection between the first transition section 41 and the spacer 10, the first transition section 41 has the largest radial dimension, that is, the cross-sectional area (i.e., the cross-sectional area along the radial direction) is the largest.

[0043] Optionally, the first direction in the present application may include the direction of the first assembly part 20 and the second assembly part 30 pointing to their respective assembly sections 43 along their respective first transition sections 41; that is, the direction along the first transition section 41 of the first assembly part 20 pointing to the assembly section 43 of the first assembly part 20, and the direction along the first transition section 41 of the second assembly part 30 pointing to the assembly section 43 of the second assembly part 30.

[0044] Through the above-mentioned arrangement, the cross-sectional area of ​​the connection between at least one of the first assembly part 20 and the second assembly part 30 and the spacer part 10 can be increased, so that when the spacer 100 is subjected to force, the stress value per unit area at the connection between at least one of the first assembly part 20 and the second assembly part 30 and the spacer part 10 can be reduced, which can disperse the stress and reduce or even eliminate the stress concentration phenomenon.

[0045] In addition, the first end face 11 or the second end face 12 of the spacer 10 smoothly transitions to the first transition section 41, and the radial dimension of the first transition section 41 gradually decreases along the first direction away from the spacer 10, so that the outer peripheral wall of the first transition section 41 smoothly transitions along the first direction, which can further reduce stress concentration and eliminate sudden changes in the stiffness of the spacer 100.

[0046] In the embodiment of the present application, the first assembly portion 20 is configured to be fixed at the nozzle ring 210, the second assembly portion 30 is configured to be fixed at the tube flange 222 of the insert 220, the spacer portion 10 is configured to be located between the nozzle ring 210 and the tube flange 222, the first end face 11 of the spacer portion 10 is configured to abut against the nozzle ring 210, and the second end face 12 of the spacer portion 10 is configured to abut against the tube flange 222.

[0047] Optionally, in the embodiment of the present application, the material of the spacer 100 includes but is not limited to Nimonic 80A. Nimonic 80A is a nickel-based high-temperature alloy composed of Ni-Cr. It has good strength and very excellent corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance at high temperatures. These advantages make Nimonic 80A widely used in high-temperature hot forging parts such as aviation, aerospace, power stations and transportation. The embodiment of the present application can apply the spacer material to the extreme, such as 850℃@Aero industry and 980℃@GTX (automotive field), to achieve cost control.

[0048] Alternatively, if Figures 1 to 17 As shown, the embodiment of the present application is described by taking the first assembly part 20 and the second assembly part 30 both including the first transition section 41 as an example. The first transition section 41 of the first assembly part 20 is connected to the first end surface 11 of the spacer part 10, and the first transition section 41 of the second assembly part 30 is connected to the second end surface 12 of the spacer part 10.

[0049] Alternatively, if Figures 1 to 17 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the radial dimension of the first transition section 41 near one end of the spacer 10 is smaller than the radial dimension of the first end face 11 and the second end face 12 of the spacer 10, and is larger than the radial dimension of the first transition section 41 near one end of the middle section 42 described later.

[0050] In this way, a smooth transition can be ensured between the first end face 11 or the second end face 12 of the spacer 10, the first transition section 41 and the middle section 42, stress concentration can be reduced, sudden changes in stiffness of the parts connected to the first transition section 41 can be avoided, and interference with the pipe flange 222 or the assembly hole in the nozzle ring 210 during installation can be avoided.

[0051] Alternatively, if Figure 1 , Figure 6 , Fig. 9 , Fig.12 and Fig.15 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the first transition section 41 is a truncated cone or a truncated cone-like structure. In the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the spacer 100, the cross-sectional shape of the first transition section 41 is circular or elliptical.

[0052] It should be noted that when the cross-sectional shape of the first transition section 41 is circular, the radial dimension of the first transition section 41 is the diameter of the first transition section 41. This description is applicable to other components in the present application document, such as the middle section 42, the assembly section 43 and the various structures included in the spacer 10, and will not be repeated later.

[0053] Alternatively, if Figure 1 , Figure 6 , Fig. 9 , Fig.12 and Fig.15 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, in the longitudinal section parallel to the axis of the spacer 100, the cross-sectional shape of the first transition section 41 is a trapezoid or a quasi-trapezoidal shape, and further, an isosceles trapezoid or a quasi-isosceles trapezoid. The lower base (i.e., the longer bottom side) of the trapezoid or the quasi-trapezoidal shape is close to the spacer 10, and the upper base (i.e., the shorter bottom side) is far away from the spacer 10 (i.e., close to the middle section 42).

[0054] Alternatively, if Figure 1 , Figure 6 , Fig. 9 , Fig.12 and Fig.15 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the waist of the trapezoidal or trapezoidal cross-sectional shape of the first transition section 41 (i.e., the contour line of the outer peripheral wall of the first transition section 41) is a curve. Of course, in other optional embodiments of the present application, the waist of the trapezoidal or trapezoidal cross-sectional shape of the first transition section 41 can also be set as an oblique line according to actual needs, and the outer peripheral wall of the first transition section 41 is a conical surface. Optionally, the oblique line is inclined at a certain angle relative to the axis of the spacer 100.

[0055] In the embodiment of the present application, appropriate curvature or angle setting can enable the first transition section 41 to be smoothly connected with other parts (such as the first end face 11 or the second end face 12 of the spacer 10, and the middle section 42), reduce stress concentration, avoid sudden changes in stiffness of the parts connected to the first transition section 41, avoid interference between the spacer 100 and the pipe flange 222 or the nozzle ring 210 during assembly, and ensure the machinability of the design.

[0056] Alternatively, if Figure 1 , Figure 6 , Fig. 9 , Fig.12 and Fig.15 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the first transition section 41 has sufficient length to buffer the deformation of the spacer 100 caused by the bending moment, ensure the machinability of the design, and smoothly transition between the first end face 11 or the second end face 12 of the spacer 10, the first transition section 41 and the middle section 42, thereby reducing stress concentration, avoiding sudden changes in stiffness of the parts connected to the first transition section 41, and avoiding interference with the assembly holes in the pipe flange 222 or the nozzle ring 210 during installation.

[0057] In some optional embodiments of the present application, such as Figures 1 to 3 as well as Figures 6 to 17 As shown, the first assembly portion 20 and the second assembly portion 30 each further include: an intermediate section 42 and an assembly section 43; the first transition section 41, the intermediate section 42 and the assembly section 43 are sequentially connected along a first direction away from the spacer portion 10; the radial dimension of at least part of the intermediate section 42 is smaller than the radial dimension of the first transition section 41 at one end close to the spacer portion 10.

[0058] Alternatively, if Figure 1 , Figure 6 , Fig. 9 , Fig.12 and Fig.15 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the radial dimension of at least part of the middle section 42 is smaller than the radial dimension of the assembly section 43 .

[0059] like Figure 1 , Figure 6 , Fig. 9 , Fig.12 and Fig.15 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the radial dimension of at least part of the middle section 42 is smaller than the radial dimension of the end of the first transition section 41 close to the spacer 10, and smaller than the radial dimension of the assembly section 43, so that the first assembly section 20 and the second assembly section 30 are formed into a structure with large radial dimensions at both ends (including the end of the first transition section 41 close to the spacer 10 and the end where the assembly section 43 is located) and small radial dimensions in the middle at least part (including at least part of the middle section 42). In this way, the friction between the first assembly section 20 and the nozzle ring 210, and between the second assembly section 30 and the pipe flange 222 can be reduced during the process of assembling the first assembly section 20 to the first assembly hole 211 of the nozzle ring 210 and assembling the second assembly section 30 to the second assembly hole 221 of the pipe flange 222, and a gap 230 can be formed between the outer peripheral wall of at least part of the middle section 42 of the first assembly section 20 and the inner peripheral wall of the first assembly hole 211, and between the outer peripheral wall of at least part of the middle section 42 of the second assembly section 30 and the inner peripheral wall of the second assembly hole 221.

[0060] This ensures that the spacer 100 has sufficient radial dimensions to ensure its strength, and at the same time, after assembly, there is sufficient clearance to accommodate the material flowing downward from the assembly section 43 during riveting and to provide sufficient space to compensate for the bending of the spacer caused by the bending moment. The above arrangement is suitable for the riveting process because it allows the material to flow freely during the riveting process, which reduces the risk of crack initiation on the assembly section 43.

[0061] Of course, in other optional embodiments of the present application, according to actual needs, only the first assembly portion 20 includes the middle section 42 and the assembly section 43, and the second assembly portion 30 includes the assembly section 43 directly connected to the first transition section 41; or only the second assembly portion 30 includes the middle section 42 and the assembly section 43, and the first assembly portion 20 includes the assembly section 43 directly connected to the first transition section 41.

[0062] Alternatively, if Figures 1 to 3 as well as Figures 6 to 17 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the assembly section 43 is a columnar structure. The axis of the assembly section 43 is parallel to the axis of the spacer 100. The cross-sectional shape of the assembly section 43 is circular or elliptical.

[0063] In the embodiment of the present application, the diameter and length ratio of the assembly section 43 are properly designed to ensure that sufficient material flows during riveting to fill the gap at the riveted joint, thereby forming a high-strength riveted joint that is close to the riveted surface of the pipe flange 222 or the nozzle ring 210. At the same time, no excess material accumulates in the gap between the middle section 42 and the nozzle ring 210 or the pipe flange 222, thereby avoiding the spacer material from scraping against the inner wall of the assembly hole of the pipe flange 222 or the nozzle ring 210 to form shear stress.

[0064] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the assembly section 43 may adopt a design that is the same as or similar to the rivet head of a conventional spacer in the art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0065] Optionally, in the embodiment of the present application, the cross-sectional shape of the middle segment 42 is circular or elliptical, and the cross-sectional shapes of the various segments included in the middle segment 42 described later can be adaptively adjusted according to the cross-sectional shape of the middle segment 42, which will not be described in detail later.

[0066] In some optional embodiments of the present application, such as Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the middle section 42 includes: a first straight section 421 and a second transition section 422 connected in sequence along a first direction; the radial dimensions of the first straight section 421 and part of the second transition section 422 are both smaller than the radial dimensions of the assembly section 43 .

[0067] The present application embodiment (such as Figures 1 to 5 In the first specific example shown in the figure, along the first direction, the first transition section 41, the first straight section 421, the second transition section 422 and the assembly section 43 are connected in sequence, and the radial dimensions of the first straight section 421 and part of the second transition section 422 are smaller than the radial dimensions of the assembly section 43, so that the friction between the first assembly portion 20 and the second assembly portion 30 and the nozzle ring 210 and the pipe flange 222 can be reduced when they are assembled, and a gap 230 is ensured to be formed between the outer peripheral wall of the middle section 42 and the first assembly hole 211 of the nozzle ring 210 or the second assembly hole 221 of the pipe flange 222, so as to ensure the strength of the spacer 100 while providing sufficient space to accommodate the free-flowing material of the assembly section 43, compensate for the bending of the spacer caused by the bending moment, and reduce the risk of crack initiation on the assembly section 43.

[0068] Alternatively, if Figures 1 to 3As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the radial dimension of the end of the first transition section 41 away from the spacer 10, the radial dimension of the first straight section 421, and the radial dimension of the end of the second transition section 422 close to the first straight section 421 are equal. This arrangement allows the outer peripheral wall of the first transition section 41, the outer peripheral wall of the first straight section 421, and the outer peripheral wall of the second transition section 422 to smoothly transition along the first direction, thereby further reducing stress concentration and eliminating sudden changes in the stiffness of the spacer 100.

[0069] Alternatively, if Figure 1 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the diameter of the assembly section 43 and the first straight section 421 are not much different, so as to avoid a sudden change in stiffness; ensure the strength of the spacer 100 itself; provide sufficient space to accommodate the material flowing downward from the assembly section 43 during riveting; and provide sufficient space to compensate for the bending of the spacer caused by the bending moment.

[0070] Alternatively, if Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the first straight section 421 is a free rod with a smaller radial dimension, which provides greater flexibility for bending caused by thermal expansion of the nozzle ring 210 and the pipe flange 222, thereby reducing the stress on the first end face 11 and the second end face 12 of the spacer 10.

[0071] Alternatively, if Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, along the first direction, the radial dimension of the second transition section 422 gradually increases, and the radial dimension of one end of the second transition section 422 close to the assembly section 43 is smaller than the radial dimension of the assembly section 43 .

[0072] Alternatively, if Figure 1 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, an arc is provided between the second transition section 422 and the assembly section 43 to form a smooth transition, which can reduce stress concentration and eliminate the sudden change in the stiffness of the spacer 100.

[0073] In the embodiment of the present application, by providing the second transition section 422, the possibility of friction between the spacer material and the nozzle ring 210 or the pipe flange 222 during the riveting process can be reduced, the risk of shear stress on the spacer can be reduced, and stress concentration can be avoided.

[0074] Of course, in other optional implementations of the present application, the radial dimension of one end of the second transition section 422 close to the assembly section 43 may be equal to the radial dimension of the assembly section 43 according to actual needs.

[0075] Alternatively, if Figure 1 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the second transition section 422 is a truncated cone or a truncated cone-like structure. The cross-sectional shape of the second transition section 422 is circular or elliptical. These designs can make each part transition smoothly to avoid stress concentration.

[0076] Alternatively, if Figure 1 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the longitudinal cross-section of the second transition section 422 is in a trapezoidal or quasi-trapezoidal shape, and further, in an isosceles trapezoidal or quasi-isosceles trapezoidal shape. The lower base (i.e., the longer bottom side) of the trapezoidal or quasi-trapezoidal shape is close to the assembly section 43, and the upper base (i.e., the shorter bottom side) is close to the first straight section 421.

[0077] Alternatively, if Figure 1 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the waist of the trapezoidal or quasi-trapezoidal cross-sectional shape of the second transition section 422 (i.e., the contour line of the outer peripheral wall of the second transition section 422) is a curve. Of course, in other optional embodiments of the present application, the waist of the trapezoidal or quasi-trapezoidal cross-sectional shape of the second transition section 422 can also be set as an oblique line according to actual needs, and the outer peripheral wall of the second transition section 422 is a conical surface. Optionally, the oblique line is inclined at a certain angle relative to the axis of the spacer 100.

[0078] This arrangement can make the second transition section 422 smoothly connected with other parts (such as the assembly section 43 and the first straight section 421), avoid sudden changes in the stiffness of each part, reduce stress concentration, and optimize the downward flow direction of the spacer material during riveting.

[0079] Alternatively, if Figure 1 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the second transition section 422 is smoothly connected with other parts (including the assembly section 43), reducing stress concentration, ensuring that the first straight section 421 is of sufficient length, and optimizing the downward flow direction of the spacer material during riveting.

[0080] In some other optional embodiments of the present application, Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the middle section 42 includes: a second straight section 423, a first diameter-reducing section 424 and a third transition section 426 connected in sequence along a first direction; the radial dimensions of the second straight section 423, at least part of the first diameter-reducing section 424 and at least part of the third transition section 426 are all smaller than the radial dimensions of the assembly section 43.

[0081] The present application embodiment (such as Figures 6 to 8In the second specific example shown in the figure, along the first direction, the first transition section 41, the second straight section 423, the first diameter-reducing section 424, the third transition section 426 and the assembly section 43 are connected in sequence, and the radial dimensions of the second straight section 423, at least part of the first diameter-reducing section 424 and at least part of the third transition section 426 are all smaller than the radial dimensions of the assembly section 43, so that the friction between the first assembly portion 20 and the second assembly portion 30 and the nozzle ring 210 and the pipe flange 222 can be reduced when they are assembled, and a gap 230 is ensured to be formed between the outer peripheral wall of the middle section 42 and the first assembly hole 211 of the nozzle ring 210 or the second assembly hole 221 of the pipe flange 222, so as to ensure the strength of the spacer 100 while providing sufficient space to accommodate the free-flowing material of the assembly section 43, compensate for the bending of the spacer caused by the bending moment, and reduce the risk of crack initiation on the assembly section 43.

[0082] Alternatively, if Figures 6 to 8 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the radial dimension of the end of the first transition section 41 away from the spacer 10, the radial dimension of the second straight section 423, and the radial dimension of the end of the first diameter-reducing section 424 close to the second straight section 423 are equal. In this way, the first transition section 41, the second straight section 423, and the first diameter-reducing section 424 can be smoothly transitioned, stress concentration can be reduced, and sudden changes in the stiffness of the spacer 100 can be eliminated.

[0083] Alternatively, if Figures 6 to 8 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the middle section 42 also includes: a third straight section 425, the third straight section 425 is connected between the first diameter-reducing section 424 and the third transition section 426, and the radial dimension of the third straight section 425 is smaller than the radial dimension of the assembly section 43.

[0084] Alternatively, if Figure 6 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, along the first direction, the radial dimension of the first variable diameter section 424 gradually increases and then gradually decreases; along the first direction, the radial dimension of the third transition section 426 gradually increases, and the radial dimension of one end of the third transition section 426 close to the assembly section 43 is smaller than the radial dimension of the assembly section 43.

[0085] In the embodiment of the present application, the radial dimension of the first diameter-reducing section 424 near the third straight section 425, the radial dimension of the third straight section 425, and the radial dimension of the third transition section 426 near the third straight section 425 are equal. In this way, the first diameter-reducing section 424, the third straight section 425, and the third transition section 426 can be smoothly transitioned, stress concentration can be reduced, and sudden changes in the rigidity of the spacer 100 can be eliminated.

[0086] Alternatively, if Figure 6As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, an arc is provided between the third transition section 426 and the assembly section 43 to form a smooth transition, which can reduce stress concentration and eliminate sudden changes in the stiffness of the spacer 100.

[0087] Of course, in other optional implementations of the present application, the radial dimension of one end of the third transition section 426 close to the assembly section 43 may be equal to the radial dimension of the assembly section 43 according to actual needs.

[0088] Alternatively, if Figure 6 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the maximum radial dimension of the first diameter-reducing section 424 is not greater than the radial dimension of the assembly section 43. This ensures that the spacer 100 can pass through the first assembly hole 211 of the nozzle ring 210 or the second assembly hole 221 of the pipe flange 222, thereby achieving the assembly of the spacer 100 with the nozzle ring 210 or the pipe flange 222.

[0089] It should be noted that the difference between the second specific example of the present application and the first specific example is that the first straight section 421 in the first specific example is a columnar structure, the second straight section 423 and the third straight section 425 in the second specific example are columnar structures, and the first diameter-reducing section 424 between the second straight section 423 and the third straight section 425 is a drum-like structure with a protruding middle and concave ends. The remaining structures in the second specific example are the same or similar to the remaining structures in the first specific example, and will not be repeated here. The top view structural schematic diagram and the bottom view structural schematic diagram of the spacer 100 in the second specific example are the same or similar to the top view structural schematic diagram and the bottom view structural schematic diagram of the spacer 100 in the first specific example.

[0090] The design of the second specific example of the present application can be similar to the design of the first specific example, and can optimize the flow of riveting materials and provide bending moment buffering, while increasing the strength and rigidity of the middle section 42 .

[0091] In some optional embodiments of the present application, Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the middle section 42 includes: a fourth straight section 427 and a second diameter-reducing section 428 connected in sequence along the first direction; the radial dimensions of the fourth straight section 427 and at least part of the second diameter-reducing section 428 are both smaller than the radial dimension of the assembly section 43 .

[0092] The present application embodiment (such as Figures 9 to 11In the third specific example shown in the figure, along the first direction, the first transition section 41, the fourth straight section 427, the second diameter-reducing section 428 and the assembly section 43 are connected in sequence, and the radial dimensions of the fourth straight section 427 and at least part of the second diameter-reducing section 428 are smaller than the radial dimensions of the assembly section 43, so that the friction between the first assembly portion 20 and the second assembly portion 30 and the nozzle ring 210 and the pipe flange 222 can be reduced when they are assembled, and a gap 230 is ensured to be formed between the outer peripheral wall of the middle section 42 and the first assembly hole 211 of the nozzle ring 210 or the second assembly hole 221 of the pipe flange 222, so as to ensure the strength of the spacer 100 while providing sufficient space to accommodate the free-flowing material of the assembly section 43, compensate for the bending of the spacer caused by the bending moment, and reduce the risk of crack initiation on the assembly section 43.

[0093] Alternatively, if Fig. 9 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the radial dimension of the end of the first transition section 41 away from the spacer 10, the radial dimension of the fourth straight section 427, and the radial dimension of the end of the second diameter-reducing section 428 close to the fourth straight section 427 are equal. In this way, the first transition section 41, the fourth straight section 427, and the second diameter-reducing section 428 can be smoothly transitioned, which can reduce stress concentration and eliminate the sudden change in the stiffness of the spacer 100.

[0094] Alternatively, if Figures 9 to 11 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, along the first direction, the radial dimension of the second diameter reducing section 428 gradually decreases and then gradually increases. In this way, while ensuring the structural strength of the second diameter reducing section 428, it is convenient to form a gap 230 between the second diameter reducing section 428 and the first assembly hole 211 of the nozzle ring 210 or the second assembly hole 221 of the pipe flange 222.

[0095] Alternatively, if Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the second reducing section 428 includes: a main reducing section 4281 and an auxiliary reducing section 4282; along the axial direction of the second reducing section 428, the radial size of the main reducing section 4281 gradually increases from the center of the main reducing section 4281 to the two ends; the two ends of the main reducing section 4281 are respectively connected to the fourth straight section 427 and the assembly section 43 through the auxiliary reducing section 4282; along the direction away from the main reducing section 4281, the radial size of the auxiliary reducing section 4282 gradually increases.

[0096] In the embodiment of the present application, the radial dimension of the middle portion of the main diameter reducing section 4281 is small, and the radial dimensions of the two ends are large. Along the axial direction of the spacer 100, the radial dimension of the main diameter reducing section 4281 gradually decreases and then gradually increases.

[0097] In the embodiment of the present application, auxiliary variable diameter sections 4282 are respectively provided at both ends of the main variable diameter section 4281, and the first end of the main variable diameter section 4281 is connected to the fourth straight section 427 through the auxiliary variable diameter section 4282. Along the direction away from the main variable diameter section 4281, the closer the auxiliary variable diameter section 4282 is to the fourth straight section 427, the larger the radial dimension is.

[0098] Alternatively, if Fig. 9 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the radial dimension of the auxiliary diameter reducing section 4282 near the fourth straight section 427 is equal to that of the fourth straight section 427, and the radial dimension of the auxiliary diameter reducing section 4282 near the main diameter reducing section 4281 is equal to that of the main diameter reducing section 4281 near the auxiliary diameter reducing section 4282. In this way, the fourth straight section 427, the auxiliary diameter reducing section 4282 and the main diameter reducing section 4281 can be smoothly transitioned, stress concentration can be reduced, and sudden changes in the stiffness of the spacer 100 can be eliminated.

[0099] In the embodiment of the present application, the second end of the main reducing section 4281 is connected to the assembly section 43 through the auxiliary reducing section 4282 . In the direction away from the main reducing section 4281 , the closer the auxiliary reducing section 4282 is to the assembly section 43 , the larger the radial dimension is.

[0100] Alternatively, if Fig. 9 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the radial dimension of the auxiliary diameter reducing section 4282 close to the assembly section 43 is equal to that of the assembly section 43, and the radial dimension of the auxiliary diameter reducing section 4282 close to the main diameter reducing section 4281 is equal to that of the main diameter reducing section 4281 close to the auxiliary diameter reducing section 4282. In this way, the main diameter reducing section 4281, the auxiliary diameter reducing section 4282 and the assembly section 43 can be smoothly transitioned, stress concentration can be reduced, and sudden changes in the stiffness of the spacer 100 can be eliminated.

[0101] In the embodiment of the present application, since the radial dimensions of the main reducing section 4281 and the auxiliary reducing section 4282 gradually increase from the center of the main reducing section 4281 toward the assembly section 43, the main reducing section 4281 and the auxiliary reducing section 4282 located between the center of the main reducing section 4281 and the end of the assembly section 43 close to the auxiliary reducing section 4282 can serve as the fifth transition section, and the closer the fifth transition section is to the assembly section 43, the larger the radial dimension.

[0102] Alternatively, if Fig. 9 As shown, the increase in the radial dimension of the main reducing section 4281 is greater than that of the auxiliary reducing section 4282. In this way, the increase in the radial dimension from the main reducing section 4281 to the auxiliary reducing section 4282 is more and more gradual, which can achieve a smooth transition, reduce stress concentration, and eliminate sudden changes in stiffness.

[0103] Of course, in other optional embodiments of the present application, according to actual needs, the radial dimension of the fourth straight section 427 can be made equal to the radial dimension of the assembly section 43. The radial dimension of the end of the auxiliary diameter reducing section 4282 close to the assembly section 43 is made smaller than the radial dimension of the assembly section 43. At this time, optionally, a circular arc is provided between the auxiliary diameter reducing section 4282 and the assembly section 43 to form a smooth transition, which can reduce stress concentration and eliminate the sudden change in the stiffness of the spacer 100.

[0104] It should be noted that the difference between the third specific example of the present application and the first specific example is that the first straight section 421 in the first specific example is a columnar structure, the second transition section 422 is a truncated cone or quasi-truncated cone structure connected to the columnar structure, the fourth straight section 427 in the third specific example is a columnar structure, and the second variable diameter section 428 is a structure connected to the columnar structure, which is concave inward in the middle and convex at both ends, similar to a diabolo or an hourglass. The remaining structures in the third specific example are the same or similar to the remaining structures in the first specific example, and will not be repeated here. The top view structural schematic diagram and the bottom view structural schematic diagram of the spacer 100 in the third specific example are the same or similar to the top view structural schematic diagram and the bottom view structural schematic diagram of the spacer 100 in the first specific example.

[0105] The design of the third specific example of the present application may be similar to that of the first specific example, and can optimize the flow of riveting materials while increasing the strength and rigidity of the middle section 42 .

[0106] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the middle sections 42 of the first assembly portion 20 and the second assembly portion 30 of the same spacer 100 are asymmetrically arranged relative to the spacer portion 10, and the lengths and sizes of the various parts of the middle sections 42 of the first assembly portion 20 and the second assembly portion 30 are different, which are determined by the thickness and inner hole (including the first assembly hole 211 and the second assembly hole 221) size of the matching pipe flange 222 and the nozzle ring 210.

[0107] In some optional embodiments of the present application, such as Figures 1 to 3 as well as Figures 6 to 11 As shown, the spacer 10 includes: a third reducing section 13, a first shoulder 14 and a second shoulder 15; along the axial direction of the spacer 10, the radial size of the third reducing section 13 gradually increases from the center of the third reducing section 13 to both ends; the first shoulder 14 is arranged at the first end of the third reducing section 13, and the surface of the first shoulder 14 away from the third reducing section 13 serves as the first end face 11 of the spacer 10; the second shoulder 15 is arranged at the second end of the third reducing section 13, and the surface of the second shoulder 15 away from the third reducing section 13 serves as the second end face 12 of the spacer 10.

[0108] The present application embodiment (such as Figures 1 to 5In the first specific example shown in FIG. 1 , the radial dimension of the middle portion of the third diameter-reducing section 13 is small, and the radial dimension of the two end portions is large. Along the axial direction of the spacer 10, the radial dimension of the third diameter-reducing section 13 gradually decreases and then gradually increases. The third diameter-reducing section 13 forms a curved waist of the spacer 10, which can increase the area for airflow to pass through, allow more airflow to pass through, and reduce stress concentration.

[0109] In the embodiment of the present application, the surface of the first shoulder 14 away from the third reducing section 13 serves as the first end face 11 of the spacer 10, and the surface of the second shoulder 15 away from the third reducing section 13 serves as the second end face 12 of the spacer 10. The radial dimension of the second end face 12 of the first end face 11 is larger, which can expand the contact area and thus reduce the contact stress.

[0110] Alternatively, if Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the first shoulder 14 is a straight section and the second shoulder 15 is a straight section.

[0111] Alternatively, if Figure 1 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the first shoulder 14 is a columnar structure. The cross-sectional shape of the first shoulder 14 is circular or elliptical. The second shoulder 15 is a columnar structure. The cross-sectional shape of the second shoulder 15 is circular or elliptical.

[0112] Alternatively, if Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the third diameter-changing section 13 is a structure similar to a diabolo or an hourglass, which is concave in the middle and convex at both ends.

[0113] Optionally, in the embodiment of the present application, at least one of the first shoulder 14 and the second shoulder 15 is smoothly transitioned to the connection with the third diameter-changing section 13. This reduces stress concentration and eliminates sudden changes in the stiffness of the spacer 10.

[0114] Alternatively, if Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, a fillet portion 191 is provided at the connection between the first shoulder portion 14 and the third diameter-reducing section 13. The third diameter-reducing section 13 and the first shoulder 14 are smoothly transitioned through the fillet portion 191.

[0115] Alternatively, if Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, a fillet portion 191 is provided at the connection between the second shoulder portion 15 and the third diameter-reducing section 13. The second shoulder portion 15 and the third diameter-reducing section 13 are smoothly transitioned through the fillet portion 191.

[0116] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the axial size (ie, length) and radial size (eg, diameter) of the first shoulder 14 and the second shoulder 15 may be the same or different, and may be adaptively selected and adjusted according to actual needs.

[0117] It should be noted that the spacer 10 in the first specific example of the present application may adopt a design that is the same as or similar to the Diabolo structure of a conventional spacer in the art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0118] In some optional embodiments of the present application, such as Figure 12 to Figure 14 As shown, the spacer 10 includes: a fourth reducing section 16, a fourth transition section 17 and a third shoulder 18; along the axial direction of the spacer 10, the radial dimension of the fourth reducing section 16 gradually increases from the center of the fourth reducing section 16 to both ends; fourth transition sections 17 are respectively provided at both ends of the fourth reducing section 16; along the direction away from the fourth reducing section 16, the radial dimension of the fourth transition section 17 gradually increases, and the connection between the fourth transition section 17 and the fourth reducing section 16 transitions smoothly; a third shoulder 18 is provided on the side of the fourth transition section 17 away from the fourth reducing section 16; the surfaces of the third shoulder 18 at both ends of the fourth reducing section 16 on the side away from the fourth transition section 17 serve as the first end face 11 and the second end face 12 of the spacer 10 respectively.

[0119] The present application embodiment (such as Figure 12 to Figure 14 In the fourth specific example shown in FIG. 1 , the radial dimension of the middle portion of the fourth diameter-changing section 16 is small, and the radial dimension of the two ends is large. Along the axial direction of the spacer 10, the radial dimension of the fourth diameter-changing section 16 gradually decreases and then gradually increases.

[0120] In the embodiment of the present application, fourth transition sections 17 are respectively provided at both ends of the fourth diameter-reducing section 16, a first end of the fourth diameter-reducing section 16 is connected to a third shoulder 18 via a fourth transition section 17, and a second end of the fourth diameter-reducing section 16 is connected to another third shoulder 18 via a fourth transition section 17. In the direction away from the fourth diameter-reducing section 16, the radial dimension of the fourth transition section 17 increases as it approaches the third shoulder 18.

[0121] Alternatively, if Fig.12 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the radial dimensions of the fourth transition section 17 near the fourth diameter-reducing section 16 and the fourth diameter-reducing section 16 near the fourth transition section 17 are equal. In this way, the fourth diameter-reducing section 16 and the fourth transition section 17 can be smoothly transitioned, stress concentration can be reduced, and sudden changes in the stiffness of the spacer 10 can be eliminated.

[0122] Alternatively, if Figure 12 to Figure 14 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the fourth diameter-changing section 16 is a structure similar to a diabolo or an hourglass, which is concave in the middle and convex at both ends.

[0123] Alternatively, if Fig.12 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the fourth transition section 17 is a truncated cone or a truncated cone-like structure. The cross-sectional shape of the fourth transition section 17 is circular or elliptical.

[0124] Alternatively, if Fig.12 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the third shoulder 18 is a straight section. The third shoulder 18 is a columnar structure. The cross-sectional shape of the third shoulder 18 is circular or elliptical.

[0125] Optionally, in the embodiment of the present application, a circular arc may be provided between the fourth transition section 17 and the third shoulder 18 to form a smooth transition, reduce stress concentration, and eliminate sudden changes in stiffness.

[0126] It should be noted that, for ease of understanding, in the embodiment of the present application, the transition sections at both ends of the fourth diameter-changing section 16 are uniformly described as the fourth transition sections 17, and the shoulders at both ends of the fourth diameter-changing section 16 are uniformly described as the third shoulders 18. In fact, in the embodiment of the present application, the axial size (i.e., length) and radial size (e.g., diameter) of the fourth transition sections 17 at both ends of the fourth diameter-changing section 16 can be the same or different; the axial size (i.e., length) and radial size (e.g., diameter) of the third shoulders 18 at both ends of the fourth diameter-changing section 16 can be the same or different; and adaptive selection and adjustment can be performed according to actual needs.

[0127] It should be noted that the difference between the fourth specific example of the present application and the first specific example is that: in the first specific example, the first shoulder 14 and the second shoulder 15 are columnar structures, and the third diameter-reducing section 13 directly connected to the first shoulder 14 and the second shoulder 15 is a structure similar to a diabolo or an hourglass, which is concave in the middle and convex at both ends; in the fourth specific example, the third shoulder 18 is a columnar structure, and the fourth diameter-reducing section 16 is a structure similar to a diabolo or an hourglass, which is concave in the middle and convex at both ends. The fourth diameter-reducing section 16 and the third shoulder 18 are indirectly connected through a fourth transition section 17 of a truncated cone or truncated cone-like structure. The remaining structures in the fourth specific example are the same or similar to the remaining structures in the first specific example, and will not be repeated here. The top view structural schematic diagram and the bottom view structural schematic diagram of the spacer 100 in the fourth specific example are the same or similar to the top view structural schematic diagram and the bottom view structural schematic diagram of the spacer 100 in the first specific example.

[0128] In the fourth specific example of the present application, the axial dimension (i.e., length) of the third shoulder 18 is shorter than that of the first shoulder 14 and the second shoulder 15 in the first specific example, and the radial dimension of the fourth transition section 17 gradually decreases in the direction from the third shoulder 18 to the fourth reducing section 16. The third shoulder 18 is recessed inwardly and smoothly transitions to the fourth reducing section 16, so that more material can be removed, the obstruction of the spacer 10 to the airflow can be reduced, the area for airflow to pass can be increased, more airflow can be allowed to pass, and stress concentration can be reduced.

[0129] In some optional embodiments of the present application, Figures 15 to 17As shown, the circumferential sidewall of at least one of the first shoulder 14 and the second shoulder 15 is provided with an annular groove 192. The design of the annular groove 192 can be used to distinguish different types of spacers 100, such as different materials, different suppliers, etc.

[0130] The present application embodiment (such as Figures 15 to 17 In the fifth specific example shown in FIG. 1 , the circumferential side wall of the first shoulder 14 is provided with an annular groove 192. The circumferential side wall of the second shoulder 15 is provided with an annular groove 192.

[0131] Alternatively, if Fig.15 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, a groove is formed on the first shoulder 14 and the groove is extended along the circumference of the first shoulder 14 to obtain an annular groove 192. The annular groove 192 divides the columnar structure of the first shoulder 14 into two sub-columnar structures.

[0132] Alternatively, if Fig.15 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, a groove is formed on the second shoulder 15 and the groove is extended along the circumference of the second shoulder 15 to obtain an annular groove 192. The annular groove 192 divides the columnar structure of the second shoulder 15 into two sub-columnar structures.

[0133] It should be noted that the difference between the fifth specific example of the present application and the first specific example is that: in the first specific example, the first shoulder 14 and the second shoulder 15 are each an integral columnar structure with consistent radial dimensions of each part; in the fifth specific example, the first shoulder 14 and the second shoulder 15 are each a segmented columnar structure with a portion (the portion where the annular groove 192 is located) having a smaller radial dimension and another portion (the portion where the sub-columnar structure is located) having a larger radial dimension. The remaining structures in the fifth specific example are the same or similar to the remaining structures in the first specific example, and will not be repeated here. The top view structural schematic diagram and the bottom view structural schematic diagram of the spacer 100 in the fifth specific example are the same or similar to the top view structural schematic diagram and the bottom view structural schematic diagram of the spacer 100 in the first specific example.

[0134] The spacer 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application may be used for a nozzle cartridge of a turbocharger that withstands high cycle temperature and vibration, and further, may be used for a nozzle cartridge of a variable nozzle turbocharger (VNT).

[0135] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application provides a nozzle module 200 of a turbocharger, and the structural schematic diagram of the nozzle module 200 is as shown in FIG. Figures 18 to 20 As shown, the nozzle module 200 includes a nozzle ring 210, an insert 220, and the spacer 100 as described above.

[0136] The spacer portion 10 of the spacer 100 is sandwiched between the nozzle ring 210 and the pipe flange 222 ; the first end surface 11 and the second end surface 12 of the spacer portion 10 are in contact with the nozzle ring 210 and the pipe flange 222 , respectively.

[0137] The nozzle module 200 further includes at least one of the following: At least part of the first transition section 41 and the middle section 42 of the first assembly portion 20 of the spacer 100 are located in the first assembly hole 211 of the nozzle ring 210 and have a gap 230 with the first assembly hole 211, and at least part of the assembly section 43 of the first assembly portion 20 is fixed at one end of the first assembly hole 211 away from the pipe flange 222 of the insert 220.

[0138] At least part of the first transition section 41 and the middle section 42 of the second assembly portion 30 of the spacer 100 are located in the second assembly hole 221 of the pipe flange 222 and have a gap 230 with the second assembly hole 221, and at least part of the assembly section 43 of the second assembly portion 30 is fixed at one end of the second assembly hole 221 away from the nozzle ring 210.

[0139] In the embodiment of the present application, the first assembly portion 20 of the spacer 100 is fixed at the nozzle ring 210, the second assembly portion 30 of the spacer 100 is fixed at the tube flange 222 of the insert 220, the spacer portion 10 of the spacer 100 is clamped between the nozzle ring 210 and the tube flange 222, the first end face 11 of the spacer portion 10 abuts against the nozzle ring 210, and the second end face 12 of the spacer portion 10 abuts against the tube flange 222.

[0140] The nozzle ring 210 and the tube flange 222 of the insert 220 are fixedly connected by the spacer 100, and the required axial distance (i.e., the direction in which the first assembly portion 20, the spacer 10 and the second assembly portion 30 are connected in sequence, and the axial direction is parallel to the first direction away from the spacer 10) between the nozzle ring 210 and the tube flange 222 is maintained, so that the normal function of the nozzle module (cartridge) of the turbocharger can be maintained.

[0141] The nozzle ring 210 and the tube flange 222 are separated by the spacer 10 to form a gas flow channel, which will not block the airflow or interfere with other moving parts. It can also bear the weight of the tube flange 222, maintain a compact assembly (Tight package), and maintain the structural strength balance (Structural strength balance) between the nozzle ring 210 and the tube flange 222 and the spacer 100 to meet production requirements.

[0142] In the embodiment of the present application, after the middle section 42 of the first assembly part 20 and the middle section 42 of the second assembly part 30 are assembled with the first assembly hole 211 of the nozzle ring 210 and the second assembly hole 221 of the pipe flange 222, a sufficient gap 230 is formed, which can buffer the deformation of the nozzle module caused by the high temperature of the exhaust gas flow, and can reduce the stress borne by the spacer 100; and can accommodate the spacer material that flows toward the middle section 42 after the assembly section 43 is deformed during the fixed connection (for example, riveting) between the spacer 100 and the nozzle ring 210 (or the spacer 100 and the pipe flange 222 of the insert 220), reduce the shear stress caused by the flow of material scraping against the first assembly hole 211 of the nozzle ring 210 and the second assembly hole 221 of the pipe flange 222, and can reduce the risk of the spacer 100 being cracked due to the stress, thereby greatly alleviating or solving the crack problem caused by harsh application environment or manufacturing process.

[0143] Optionally, in the embodiment of the present application, the connection method between the first assembly part 20 and the nozzle ring 210 includes but is not limited to riveting, welding, laser welding or interference fit, etc. The connection method between the second assembly part 30 and the pipe flange 222 includes but is not limited to riveting, welding, laser welding or interference fit, etc.

[0144] It should be noted that, since the nozzle module of the turbocharger provided in the embodiment of the present application includes the spacer provided in the embodiment of the present application, the nozzle module of the turbocharger provided in the embodiment of the present application also has the above-mentioned beneficial effects of the spacer provided in the embodiment of the present application, which will not be repeated here.

[0145] In some optional embodiments of the present application, such as Fig. 20 As shown, the nozzle ring 210 is provided with a first assembly hole 211, and the first assembly portion 20 includes a first transition section 41, an intermediate section 42 and an assembly section 43 which are connected in sequence; the first transition section 41, the intermediate section 42 and a part of the assembly section 43 of the first assembly portion 20 are located in the first assembly hole 211, and another part of the assembly section 43 is riveted to one end of the first assembly hole 211 away from the pipe flange 222; a gap 230 is provided between the outer peripheral wall of at least part of the intermediate section 42 and the inner peripheral wall of the first assembly hole 211.

[0146] In the embodiment of the present application, the first transition section 41, the middle section 42 and the assembly section 43 of the first assembly part 20 are arranged in the first assembly hole 211, and the end of the assembly section 43 away from the first transition section 41 passes through the first assembly hole 211 and is riveted at the end of the first assembly hole 211 away from the pipe flange 222, so as to realize the fixed connection between the first assembly part 20 and the nozzle ring 210. There is a gap 230 between the outer peripheral wall of at least part of the middle section 42 and the inner peripheral wall of the first assembly hole 211. The appropriate gap can ensure that the spacer 100 has a sufficient diameter to ensure its strength. At the same time, the sufficient gap can accommodate the material flowing downward from the assembly section 43 during riveting and provide sufficient space to compensate for the bending of the spacer 100 caused by the bending moment.

[0147] In some optional embodiments of the present application, such as Fig. 20 As shown, the pipe flange 222 is provided with a second assembly hole 221, and the second assembly portion 30 includes a first transition section 41, an intermediate section 42 and an assembly section 43 which are connected in sequence; the first transition section 41, the intermediate section 42 and a part of the assembly section 43 of the second assembly portion 30 are located in the second assembly hole 221, and another part of the assembly section 43 is riveted to an end of the second assembly hole 221 away from the nozzle ring 210; a gap 230 is provided between the outer peripheral wall of at least a part of the intermediate section 42 and the inner peripheral wall of the second assembly hole 221.

[0148] In the embodiment of the present application, the first transition section 41, the middle section 42 and the assembly section 43 of the second assembly part 30 are arranged in the second assembly hole 221, and the end of the assembly section 43 away from the first transition section 41 passes through the second assembly hole 221 and is riveted at the end of the second assembly hole 221 away from the nozzle ring 210, so as to realize the fixed connection between the second assembly part 30 and the pipe flange 222. There is a gap 230 between the outer peripheral wall of at least part of the middle section 42 and the inner peripheral wall of the second assembly hole 221. The appropriate gap can ensure that the spacer 100 has a sufficient diameter to ensure its strength. At the same time, the sufficient gap can accommodate the material flowing downward from the assembly section 43 during riveting and provide sufficient space to compensate for the bending of the spacer 100 caused by the bending moment.

[0149] Optionally, the nozzle module provided in the embodiments of the present application may be applied to a turbocharger.

[0150] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application provides a turbocharger 1000, the structural schematic diagram of the turbocharger 1000 is as shown in FIG. Fig.21 As shown, the turbocharger 1000 includes a turbine housing 300 and a turbine wheel 400, and also includes the nozzle module 200 as described above. The nozzle module 200 is at least partially located in the turbine housing 300; the nozzle module 200 includes a nozzle ring 210, an insert 220 and a spacer 100; the turbine wheel 400 passes through the hole in the center of the nozzle ring 210 and the tubular portion 223 in the center of the insert 220 in the axial direction in sequence.

[0151] It should be noted that, since the turbocharger provided in the embodiment of the present application includes the nozzle module provided in the embodiment of the present application, the turbocharger provided in the embodiment of the present application also has the above-mentioned beneficial effects of the nozzle module provided in the embodiment of the present application, which will not be repeated here.

[0152] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the arrangement of the turbine housing 300, the turbine wheel 400 and other structures of the turbocharger 1000 may be the same as or similar to the arrangement of conventional turbochargers in the art, and will not be repeated here.

[0153] Optionally, the turbocharger 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application may be applied to an engine, and may be applied to the fields of vehicles, aviation, etc.

[0154] By applying the embodiments of the present application, at least the following beneficial effects can be achieved: In the embodiment of the present application, a sufficient gap is formed between the middle section of at least one of the first assembly part and the second assembly part and the first assembly hole of the nozzle ring or the second assembly hole of the pipe flange after being assembled, which can buffer the deformation of the nozzle module caused by the high temperature of the exhaust gas flow and reduce the stress borne by the spacer; and can accommodate the spacer material that flows toward the middle section after the assembly section is deformed during the fixation (for example, riveting) of the spacer and the nozzle ring (or insert), reduce the shear stress caused by the friction between the flowing material and the first assembly hole of the nozzle ring or the second assembly hole of the pipe flange, and reduce the risk of the spacer cracking due to the stress, thereby greatly alleviating or solving the crack problem caused by harsh application environment or manufacturing process, so that the spacer of the present application can withstand long-term high-cycle temperature shock, thermal cycle, oxidation, creep and vibration loads, can reduce the probability and degree of cracks in harsh application environment and manufacturing process, delay or avoid cracks, and improve reliability and service life.

[0155] In the embodiment of the present application, the radial dimension of at least part of the middle section is smaller than the radial dimension of the first transition section near one end of the spacer, and smaller than the radial dimension of the assembly section, so that the first assembly section and the second assembly section form a structure with large radial dimensions at both ends and small radial dimensions in at least part of the middle. In this way, the friction between the first assembly section and the nozzle ring, and between the second assembly section and the pipe flange can be reduced during the process of assembling the first assembly section to the first assembly hole of the nozzle ring and assembling the second assembly section to the second assembly hole of the pipe flange, and a gap can be formed between the outer circumferential wall of at least part of the middle section of the first assembly section and the inner circumferential wall of the first assembly hole, and between the outer circumferential wall of at least part of the middle section of the second assembly section and the inner circumferential wall of the second assembly hole.

[0156] This ensures that the spacer has sufficient radial dimensions to ensure its strength, and at the same time, after assembly, there is sufficient clearance to accommodate the material flowing downward from the assembly section during riveting and to provide sufficient space to compensate for the bending of the spacer caused by the bending moment. The above-mentioned setting is suitable for the riveting process because it allows the material to flow freely during the riveting process, which reduces the risk of crack initiation on the assembly section. Therefore, the stress generated at the locations where the first assembly part and the second assembly part are connected to the spacer part is small, and it is not easy to deform or crack. It can withstand long-term high cycle temperature (minimum 150°C to maximum 980°C) impact, thermal cycling, oxidation, creep and vibration loads, and can solve the problem of spacer failure caused by cracks caused by harsh application environments and manufacturing processes.

[0157] In the embodiments of the present application, the material of the spacer includes but is not limited to Nimonic 80A. Nimonic 80A has good strength and very excellent corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance at high temperatures. These advantages make Nimonic 80A widely used in high-temperature hot forging parts such as aviation, aerospace, power stations and transportation. The embodiments of the present application can apply the spacer material to the extreme, such as 850℃@Aero industry and 980℃@GTX (automotive industry), to achieve cost control.

[0158] The nozzle ring and the pipe flange are fixedly connected by the spacer, and a required axial distance between the nozzle ring and the pipe flange is maintained, so that the normal function of the nozzle cartridge of the turbocharger can be maintained.

[0159] The nozzle ring and the pipe flange are separated by the spacer to form a gas flow channel, which will not block the airflow or interfere with other moving parts. It can also bear the weight of the pipe flange, maintain a compact assembly, and maintain a structural strength balance between the nozzle ring, the pipe flange and the spacer to meet production requirements.

[0160] In the description of the present application, the directions or positional relationships indicated by words such as "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" are based on the exemplary directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are for the convenience of describing or simplifying the description of the embodiments of the present application, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or component must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on the present application.

[0161] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0162] In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0163] The above are only some implementation methods of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the technical concept of the scheme of the present application, other similar implementation methods based on the technical ideas of the present application are also within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A spacer, characterized in that: include: a spacer having a first end surface and a second end surface opposite to each other; A first assembly portion and a second assembly portion are respectively arranged at a first end surface and a second end surface of the spacing portion; The spacer comprises at least one of the following: The first assembly portion comprises a first transition section, an intermediate section and an assembly section which are connected in sequence, wherein the radial dimensions of at least part of the first transition section and the intermediate section of the first assembly portion are smaller than the radial dimensions of the connected assembly sections, and the first assembly portion is configured to be located in the first assembly hole of the nozzle ring and to have a gap with the first assembly hole, and the assembly section of the first assembly portion is configured to be at least partially fixed at one end of the first assembly hole away from the spacing portion; The second assembly portion includes a first transition section, an intermediate section and an assembly section connected in sequence, the radial dimensions of at least part of the first transition section and the intermediate section of the second assembly portion are smaller than the radial dimensions of the connected assembly sections, and the second assembly portion is constructed to be located in the second assembly hole of the tube flange of the insert and to have a gap with the second assembly hole, and the assembly section of the second assembly portion is constructed to be at least partially fixed at one end of the second assembly hole away from the spacing portion.

2. The spacer according to claim 1, characterized in that The first transition section is connected to the spacer, and the radial dimension of the first transition section gradually decreases along a first direction away from the spacer; The radial dimension of at least a portion of the middle section is smaller than the radial dimension of the first transition section at one end close to the spacer.

3. The spacer according to claim 2, characterized in that The middle section comprises: a first straight section and a second transition section connected in sequence along the first direction; The radial dimensions of the first straight section and part of the second transition section are both smaller than the radial dimension of the assembly section.

4. The spacer according to claim 3, characterized in that Along the first direction, the radial dimension of the second transition section gradually increases, and the radial dimension of one end of the second transition section close to the assembly section is not greater than the radial dimension of the assembly section.

5. The spacer according to claim 2, characterized in that The middle section comprises: a second straight section, a first diameter-changing section and a third transition section connected in sequence along the first direction; The radial dimensions of the second straight section, at least a portion of the first diameter-changing section, and at least a portion of the third transition section are all smaller than the radial dimension of the assembly section.

6. The spacer according to claim 5, characterized in that The middle section also includes: The third straight section is connected between the first diameter-changing section and the third transition section, and the radial dimension of the third straight section is smaller than the radial dimension of the assembly section.

7. The spacer according to claim 5, characterized in that Along the first direction, the radial dimension of the first diameter-changing section gradually increases and then gradually decreases; Along the first direction, the radial dimension of the third transition section gradually increases, and the radial dimension of one end of the third transition section close to the assembly section is not greater than the radial dimension of the assembly section.

8. The spacer according to claim 2, characterized in that The middle section comprises: a fourth straight section and a second diameter-changing section connected in sequence along the first direction; The radial dimension of the fourth straight section is not greater than the radial dimension of the assembly section, and the radial dimension of at least part of the second diameter-changing section is smaller than the radial dimension of the assembly section.

9. The spacer according to claim 8, characterized in that Along the first direction, the radial dimension of the second diameter-changing section gradually decreases and then gradually increases.

10. The spacer according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: The second diameter-changing section includes: a main diameter-changing section and an auxiliary diameter-changing section; Along the axial direction of the second diameter-reducing section, the radial dimension of the main diameter-reducing section gradually increases from the center to both ends of the main diameter-reducing section; Both ends of the main reducing section are connected to the fourth straight section and the assembly section through auxiliary reducing sections respectively; Along the direction away from the main diameter-changing section, the radial dimension of the auxiliary diameter-changing section gradually increases.

11. The spacer according to claim 10, characterized in that The increase in the radial dimension of the main diameter-changing section is greater than the increase in the radial dimension of the auxiliary diameter-changing section; The radial dimension of one end of the auxiliary diameter-changing section close to the assembly section is not greater than the radial dimension of the assembly section.

12. The spacer according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and 11, characterized in that: The spacer portion includes: a third diameter-reducing section, a first shoulder and a second shoulder; Along the axial direction of the spacer, the radial dimension of the third diameter-changing section gradually increases from the center to both ends of the third diameter-changing section; The first shoulder is arranged at the first end of the third diameter-changing section, and the surface of the first shoulder away from the third diameter-changing section serves as the first end surface of the spacer; The second shoulder is arranged at the second end of the third diameter-changing section, and the surface of the second shoulder away from the third diameter-changing section serves as the second end surface of the spacer.

13. The spacer according to claim 12, characterized in that A circumferential side wall of at least one of the first shoulder and the second shoulder is provided with an annular groove.

14. The spacer according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and 11, characterized in that: The spacer portion includes: a fourth diameter-reducing section, a fourth transition section and a third shoulder; Along the axial direction of the spacer, the radial dimension of the fourth diameter-changing section gradually increases from the center to both ends of the fourth diameter-changing section; The fourth transition sections are respectively provided at both ends of the fourth diameter-changing section; Along the direction away from the fourth diameter-changing section, the radial dimension of the fourth transition section gradually increases; The third shoulder is provided on a side of the fourth transition section away from the fourth diameter-changing section; The surfaces of the third shoulders at both ends of the fourth diameter-changing section away from the fourth transition section serve as the first end surface and the second end surface of the spacer, respectively.

15. A nozzle module for a turbocharger, comprising a nozzle ring and an insert, characterized in that: Also comprising a spacer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14; The spacer portion of the spacer is sandwiched between the nozzle ring and the pipe flange of the insert, and the first end surface and the second end surface of the spacer portion are respectively in contact with the nozzle ring and the pipe flange; The nozzle module further comprises at least one of the following: At least a portion of the first transition section and the middle section of the first assembly portion of the spacer is located in the first assembly hole of the nozzle ring and has a gap with the first assembly hole, and at least a portion of the assembly section of the first assembly portion is fixed at an end of the first assembly hole away from the pipe flange; At least part of the first transition section and the middle section of the second mounting portion of the spacer are located in the second mounting hole of the pipe flange and have a gap with the second mounting hole, and at least part of the mounting section of the second mounting portion is fixed at an end of the second mounting hole away from the nozzle ring.

16. A turbocharger comprising a turbine housing and a turbine wheel, characterized in that: Also comprising the nozzle module as claimed in claim 15; The nozzle module is at least partially located within the turbine housing; The nozzle module includes a nozzle ring, an insert and a spacer; The turbine wheel passes through the hole in the center of the nozzle ring and the tubular portion in the center of the insert in sequence along the axial direction.

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