A laser measurement device for tunnel deformation

Abstract

The present invention discloses a laser measurement device for tunnel deformation, belonging to the technical field of tunnel deformation measurement. It includes a slide rail longitudinally arranged along one side of the tunnel, a slide seat slidably matched with the slide rail, a vertical telescopic rod installed on the slide seat, and a telescopic detection device installed at the upper output end of the vertical telescopic rod. The slide seat can displace longitudinally along the tunnel, and the vertical telescopic rod can drive the telescopic detection device to displace vertically; the telescopic detection device includes a hydraulic cylinder, a proximal support plate, a distal support plate, and several groups of fork rod assemblies arranged horizontally. The fork rod assembly is formed by hinging a first fork rod and a second fork rod in the middle. The upper end of the first fork rod in the upper group is hinged to the upper end of the second fork rod in the lower group to form an upper hinge point, and the lower end of the second fork rod in the upper group is hinged to the lower end of the first fork rod in the lower group to form a lower hinge point. The device of the present invention can meet the large-scale monitoring requirements in the tunnel and has a relatively high measurement efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel deformation measurement, and particularly relates to a laser measurement device for tunnel deformation. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of the global urbanization process, the construction of transportation infrastructure has reached a climax, and a large number of railway, highway, and subway tunnels have been planned and constructed. The geological conditions of tunnels are complex and diverse. During the construction period, due to operations such as excavation and blasting disturbing the surrounding rock mass, it is easy to cause loosening and collapse of the tunnel surrounding rock; during the operation stage, long-term exposure to vibration loads brought by the running of trains and automobiles, as well as the influence of groundwater leakage and mountain creep, causes the tunnel structure to deform. Once these deformations exceed the safety threshold, it is very likely to cause lining cracking and track unevenness, endangering the safety of train operation. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to accurately and real-time monitor the deformation status of tunnels. The traditional level and total station are commonly used means for tunnel deformation measurement, but the operation of the level is cumbersome, and it is necessary to place and measure point by point, with low efficiency, and it is difficult to meet the large-scale monitoring requirements of long tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser measurement device for tunnel deformation, which can meet the large-scale monitoring requirements in tunnels and has relatively high measurement efficiency.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A laser measurement device for tunnel deformation disclosed by the present invention includes a slide rail longitudinally arranged along one side of the tunnel, a slide seat slidably matched with the slide rail, a vertical telescopic rod installed on the slide seat, and a telescopic detection device installed at the upper output end of the vertical telescopic rod. The slide seat can displace longitudinally along the tunnel, and the vertical telescopic rod can drive the telescopic detection device to displace vertically; the telescopic detection device includes a hydraulic cylinder, a proximal support plate, a distal support plate, and a plurality of sets of fork rod assemblies arranged horizontally. The fork rod assembly is formed by hinging a first fork rod and a second fork rod in the middle. The upper end of the first fork rod of the upper group is hinged to the upper end of the second fork rod of the lower group to form an upper hinge point, and the lower end of the second fork rod of the upper group is hinged to the lower end of the first fork rod of the lower group to form a lower hinge point; the proximal support plate is fixed to the output end of the vertical telescopic rod, and a proximal sliding groove is opened on the proximal support plate. The proximal sliding groove is slidably matched with the lower end of the first fork rod of the first group of fork rod assemblies. The hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the proximal support plate and the output end is connected to the lower end of the first fork rod of the first group of fork rod assemblies. A distal sliding groove is opened on the distal support plate, and the distal sliding groove is slidably matched with the lower end of the second fork rod of the last group of fork rod assemblies; an upper support rod is installed at the upper hinge point, a laser sensor is installed on the upper side of the upper support rod, a lower support rod is installed at the lower hinge point, and an elastic support assembly is installed on the lower side of the lower support rod.

[0006] Furthermore, a hollow upper slideway is formed inside the upper support rod. An upper sliding sleeve is slidably arranged outside the upper support rod. An opening groove is formed on the surface of the upper support rod. An upper sliding block is slidably arranged in the upper slideway. An upper limiting block is fixed on the upper sliding block. After passing through the opening groove, the upper limiting block is fixedly connected to the upper sliding sleeve. The laser sensor is fixed on the upper sliding sleeve.

[0007] Furthermore, a displacement driving device for controlling the axial displacement of the upper sliding block along the upper support rod is installed inside the upper support rod. A steering engine is fixedly connected at the upper hinge point. The output end of the steering engine is connected to the upper support rod.

[0008] Furthermore, the elastic support assembly includes a lower sliding sleeve, an outer rod, an inner rod, a spring, a bracket and a universal wheel. A lower sliding sleeve is slidably arranged outside the lower support rod. The upper end of the outer rod is fixedly connected to the lower sliding sleeve. The upper end of the inner rod is slidably arranged at the lower end of the outer rod. The spring is arranged inside the outer rod. Two ends of the spring are respectively connected to the outer rod and the inner rod. The lower end of the inner rod is fixedly connected to the bracket. A universal wheel is installed on the bracket.

[0009] Furthermore, a hollow lower slideway is formed inside the lower support rod. An opening groove is formed on the surface of the lower support rod. A lower sliding block is slidably arranged in the lower slideway. A lower limiting block is fixed on the lower sliding block. After passing through the opening groove, the lower limiting block is fixedly connected to the lower sliding sleeve. A displacement driving device for controlling the axial displacement of the lower sliding block along the lower support rod is installed inside the lower support rod.

[0010] Furthermore, a groove is formed on the side surface of the tunnel. A rack is installed in the groove. The rack extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The lower end of the sliding seat is rotatably connected to a central shaft. A gear and a ratchet are coaxially connected to the central shaft. The gear meshes with the rack. The ratchet cooperates with a pawl. The end of the pawl is rotatably installed on a side support seat. An elastic support piece for supporting the pawl is installed on the side support seat.

[0011] Furthermore, a support for supporting the rack is installed in the groove. A notch for the gear to pass through is formed on the support.

[0012] Furthermore, cover plates are laid at the opening of the groove. The cover plates are evenly distributed along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0014] A laser measurement device for tunnel deformation disclosed by the present invention can conveniently move the entire telescopic detection device along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel by setting a slide rail. The laser sensor can scan the tunnel deformation within a certain angular range. At the same time, the telescopic detection device can extend and retract along the transverse direction. Multiple groups of laser sensors arranged transversely can detect various positions in the transverse direction of the tunnel. Cooperating with the longitudinal movement of the sliding seat, it can meet the large-scale monitoring requirements in the tunnel and has a relatively high measurement efficiency.

[0015] In the application of the present invention, the telescopic detection device can extend and retract along the transverse direction, which can not only change the transverse detection position of the laser sensor but also adjust the detection overlap range between two adjacent groups of laser sensors. Thus, the accuracy of tunnel deformation detection can be improved. Since the adjustment process of the extension and retraction adopts several groups of fork rod assemblies arranged transversely, the distance between two adjacent groups of laser sensors can be uniformly adjusted. Therefore, the detection overlap range can be orderly controlled. While the adjustment is convenient, it is also convenient for data collection.

[0016] In the device disclosed by the present invention, a lower support rod is installed at the lower hinge point, and an elastic support component is installed on the lower side of the lower support rod. When the telescopic detection device extends outwards, it can improve the stability of the entire device during detection, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the detection structure.

[0017] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be described in the subsequent specification, and to some extent, they are obvious to those skilled in the art, or those skilled in the art can obtain teachings from the practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be achieved through the following specification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention provides the following drawings for illustration:

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the measurement device of the present invention during use;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a front view of the measurement device of the present invention during use;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the measurement device of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the upper sliding sleeve;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the ratchet and the pawl.

[0024] The markings in the drawings are as follows: slide rail 1, sliding seat 2, vertical telescopic rod 3, proximal support plate 4, distal support plate 5, first fork rod 6, second fork rod 7, upper hinge point 8, lower hinge point 9, proximal chute 10, distal chute 11, upper support rod 12, laser sensor 13, lower support rod 14, elastic support assembly 15, upper sliding sleeve 16, opening groove 17, upper slider 18, upper limit block 19, servo motor 20, lower sliding sleeve 21, outer rod 22, inner rod 23, bracket 24, universal wheel 25, groove 26, rack 27, central shaft 28, gear 29, ratchet 30, ratchet pawl 31, side support seat 32, elastic support piece 33, support 34, notch 35, cover plate 36. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] As Figures 1 - 5 shown, a laser measurement device for tunnel deformation disclosed by the present invention includes a slide rail 1 longitudinally arranged along one side of the tunnel, a sliding seat 2 slidably matched with the slide rail 1, a vertical telescopic rod 3 installed on the sliding seat 2, and a telescopic detection device installed at the upper output end of the vertical telescopic rod 3. Here, one side of the tunnel can be the left side or the right side of the tunnel. Being separately arranged on a certain side can not only facilitate the positioning and adjustment of the slide rail 1, but also reduce the site occupation and maintenance. The sliding seat 2 can displace along the slide rail 1. The vertical telescopic rod 3 adopts a vertical telescopic cylinder. The vertical telescopic rod 3 displaces together with the sliding seat 2. The vertical telescopic rod 3 can drive the telescopic detection device to displace vertically, realizing the displacement adjustment in the vertical direction, which can be more beneficial for the telescopic detection device to detect the deformation of the top of the tunnel.

[0026] Specifically, the telescopic detection device disclosed by the present invention includes a hydraulic cylinder, a proximal support plate 4, a distal support plate 5, and several groups of fork rod assemblies arranged horizontally. The fork rod assembly is formed by hinging a first fork rod 6 and a second fork rod 7 in the middle. The structures of the first fork rod 6 and the second fork rod 7 are completely the same. The inclination directions of all the first fork rods 6 are the same, and the inclination directions of all the second fork rods 7 are the same.

[0027] The specific connection manner is that the upper end of the first fork rod 6 of the upper group is hinged to the upper end of the second fork rod 7 of the lower group to form an upper hinge point 8, and the lower end of the second fork rod 7 of the upper group is hinged to the lower end of the first fork rod 6 of the lower group to form a lower hinge point 9; the proximal support plate 4 is fixed to the output end of the vertical telescopic rod 3. A proximal chute 10 is opened on the proximal support plate 4. The proximal chute 10 is slidably matched with the lower end of the first fork rod 6 of the first group of fork rod assemblies. The hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the proximal support plate 4 and the output end is connected to the lower end of the first fork rod 6 of the first group of fork rod assemblies. The second fork rod 7 of the first group of fork rod assemblies is hinged to the proximal support plate 4.

[0028] Similarly, a distal sliding groove 11 is formed in the distal support plate 5. The distal sliding groove 11 is slidably engaged with the lower end of the second fork rod 7 of the last set of fork rod assemblies. The upper end of the first fork rod 6 of the last set of fork rod assemblies is hinged to the distal support plate 5. An upper support rod 12 is installed at the upper hinge point 8, a laser sensor 13 is installed on the upper side of the upper support rod 12, a lower support rod 14 is installed at the lower hinge point 9, and an elastic support assembly 15 is installed on the lower side of the lower support rod 14.

[0029] The working principle and process of the device of the present invention are as follows:

[0030] When it is necessary to move the entire telescopic detection device longitudinally, the sliding seat 2 is slid along the slide rail 1. After moving the sliding seat 2 to the position in the tunnel where deformation needs to be detected, it stops, and then the telescopic detection device is controlled. Since the laser sensor 13 can scan the deformation conditions of the tunnel within a certain angular range, and at the same time the telescopic detection device can extend and contract transversely, multiple groups of laser sensors 13 arranged transversely can detect various positions in the transverse direction of the tunnel. By controlling the telescopic length of the hydraulic cylinder, the length of the telescopic detection device extending outwards can be controlled, which can not only change the transverse detection position of the laser sensor 13, but also adjust the detection overlapping range of two adjacent groups of laser sensors 13, thereby improving the accuracy of tunnel deformation detection.

[0031] In this embodiment, a hollow upper sliding groove is formed inside the upper support rod 12. The upper sliding groove extends along the axial direction of the upper support rod 12. An upper sliding sleeve 16 is slidably arranged on the outer side of the upper support rod 12. An opening groove 17 is formed on the surface of the upper support rod 12. An upper sliding block 18 is slidably arranged in the upper sliding groove. The upper sliding block 18 is cylindrical. The outer wall of the upper sliding block 18 is slidably engaged with the inner side of the upper support rod 12. An upper limit block 19 is fixed on the upper sliding block 18. After passing through the opening groove 17, the upper limit block 19 is fixedly connected to the upper sliding sleeve 16. The laser sensor 13 is fixed to the upper sliding sleeve 16. The upper sliding sleeve 16 can be moved along the axial direction, so as to adjust the longitudinal position of the laser sensor 13 to meet the needs of longitudinal position detection at different positions, and the control of the longitudinal position and the transverse position is more accurate.

[0032] In this embodiment, a displacement driving device for controlling the axial displacement of the upper sliding block 18 along the upper support rod 12 is installed inside the upper support rod 12. The displacement driving device includes a motor and a screw rod. The motor is fixed inside the upper support rod 12. The output end of the motor is connected to the screw rod. The screw rod is in threaded cooperation with the upper sliding block 18. Under the limiting action of the opening groove 17, when the screw rod rotates, the upper support rod 12 can be driven to move along the axial direction. A steering gear 20 is fixedly connected at the upper hinge point 8. The output end of the steering gear 20 is connected to the upper support rod 12.

[0033] From the perspective of comprehensive detection, the deformation of the tunnel may occur in different directions and positions. Detecting from only one fixed angle can only obtain data in a specific direction, and the deformation in other directions may be missed. For example, the tunnel may experience various deformation conditions such as roof subsidence and side wall concavity. By changing the detection angle, different parts of the tunnel, such as the crown, waist, and side wall, can be scanned. In cooperation with laser sensors 13 at different intervals, the deformation state of the tunnel can be monitored more accurately and comprehensively. By setting the servo motor 20, the rotation angle of the upper support rod 12 can be changed to meet the needs of different detection angles.

[0034] In this embodiment, the elastic support assembly 15 includes a lower sliding sleeve 21, an outer rod 22, an inner rod 23, a spring, a bracket 24, and a universal wheel 25. A lower sliding sleeve 21 is slidably arranged on the outer side of the lower support rod 14. The upper end of the outer rod 22 is fixedly connected to the lower sliding sleeve 21. The upper end of the inner rod 23 is slidably arranged at the lower end of the outer rod 22. The spring is arranged inside the outer rod 22, and both ends of the spring are respectively connected to the outer rod 22 and the inner rod 23. The lower end of the inner rod 23 is fixedly connected to the bracket 24, and a universal wheel 25 is installed on the bracket 24. Under the support of the spring, the universal wheel 25 can roll on the ground surface. When an obstacle is encountered, the bracket 24 bounces up and compresses the spring. A laser sensor 13 for detecting the deformation of the ground surface is also arranged at the lower end of the bracket 24, and this laser sensor 13 can be bounced up together with the bracket 24 to avoid being interfered by the obstacle.

[0035] In this embodiment, similar to the upper support rod 12, a hollow lower sliding channel is formed inside the lower support rod 14 of the present invention. An opening groove 17 is formed on the surface of the lower support rod 14. A lower sliding block is slidably arranged in the lower sliding channel. A lower limit block is fixed on the lower sliding block. After passing through the opening groove 17, the lower limit block is fixedly connected to the lower sliding sleeve 21. A displacement driving device for controlling the axial displacement of the lower sliding block along the lower support rod 14 is installed inside the lower support rod 14.

[0036] In this embodiment, a groove 26 is formed on the side of the tunnel. A rack 27 is installed in the groove 26, and the rack 27 extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The lower end of the sliding seat 2 is rotatably connected to a central shaft 28. A gear 29 and a ratchet 30 are coaxially connected to the central shaft 28. The gear 29 meshes with the rack 27, and the ratchet 30 cooperates with a pawl 31. The end of the pawl 31 is rotatably installed on a side support seat 32, and an elastic support piece 33 for supporting the pawl 31 is installed on the side support seat 32. By setting the ratchet 30 and the pawl 31, there is no obstruction when the sliding seat 2 moves forward. When the sliding seat 2 encounters a slope, the reverse sliding of the sliding seat 2 is avoided, which not only facilitates the operation of the operator but also avoids the problem of low detection efficiency caused by repeated detection.

[0037] In this embodiment, a support 34 for supporting the rack 27 is installed in the groove 26, and a notch 35 for the gear 29 to pass through is formed in the support 34 to prevent the gear 29 from interfering with it after moving.

[0038] In this embodiment, a cover plate 36 is laid at the opening of the groove 26. The cover plates 36 are evenly distributed along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. By providing the cover plates 36, when the device of the present invention is not needed, impurities can be prevented from entering the groove 26, facilitating the maintenance of the slide rail 1 and the rack 27.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made in form and details without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser measuring device for tunnel deformation, characterized in that: It includes a slide rail longitudinally arranged along one side of the tunnel, a slide seat slidably engaged with the slide rail, a vertical telescopic rod installed on the slide seat, and a telescopic detection device installed at the upper output end of the vertical telescopic rod. The slide seat can displace longitudinally along the tunnel, and the vertical telescopic rod can drive the telescopic detection device to displace vertically; the telescopic detection device includes a hydraulic cylinder, a proximal support plate, a distal support plate, and several groups of fork rod assemblies arranged horizontally. The fork rod assembly is formed by hinging a first fork rod and a second fork rod in the middle. The upper end of the first fork rod of the upper group is hinged to the upper end of the second fork rod of the lower group to form an upper hinge point, and the lower end of the second fork rod of the upper group is hinged to the lower end of the first fork rod of the lower group to form a lower hinge point; the proximal support plate is fixed to the output end of the vertical telescopic rod, a proximal chute is opened on the proximal support plate, and the proximal chute is slidably engaged with the lower end of the first fork rod of the first group of fork rod assemblies. The hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the proximal support plate and its output end is connected to the lower end of the first fork rod of the first group of fork rod assemblies. A distal chute is opened on the distal support plate, and the distal chute is slidably engaged with the lower end of the second fork rod of the last group of fork rod assemblies; an upper support rod is installed at the upper hinge point, and a plurality of laser sensors are horizontally installed on the upper sides of the plurality of upper support rods. A lower support rod is installed at the lower hinge point, and an elastic support assembly is installed on the lower side of the lower support rod; a hollow upper chute is formed inside the upper support rod, an upper sliding sleeve is slidably arranged on the outside of the upper support rod, an opening groove is opened on the surface of the upper support rod, an upper sliding block is slidably arranged in the upper chute, an upper limit block is fixed on the upper sliding block, and the upper limit block is fixedly connected to the upper sliding sleeve after passing through the opening groove, and the laser sensor is fixed to the upper sliding sleeve; a hollow lower chute is formed inside the lower support rod, an opening groove is opened on the surface of the lower support rod, a lower sliding block is slidably arranged in the lower chute, a lower limit block is fixed on the lower sliding block, a lower sliding sleeve is slidably arranged on the outside of the lower support rod, and the lower limit block is fixedly connected to the lower sliding sleeve after passing through the opening groove. A displacement driving device for controlling the axial displacement of the lower sliding block along the lower support rod is installed inside the lower support rod.

2. The laser measurement device for tunnel deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A displacement driving device for controlling the axial displacement of the upper sliding block along the upper support rod is installed inside the upper support rod. A steering gear is fixedly connected at the upper hinge point, and the output end of the steering gear is connected to the upper support rod.

3. The laser measurement device for tunnel deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic support assembly includes an outer rod, an inner rod, a spring, a bracket, and a universal wheel. The upper end of the outer rod is fixedly connected to the lower sliding sleeve. The upper end of the inner rod is slidably arranged at the lower end of the outer rod. The spring is arranged inside the outer rod, and both ends of the spring are respectively connected to the outer rod and the inner rod. The lower end of the inner rod is fixedly connected to the bracket, and the universal wheel is installed on the bracket.

4. A laser measurement device for tunnel deformation according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: A groove is formed on the side of the tunnel, and a rack is installed in the groove. The rack extends along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. A central shaft is rotatably connected to the lower end of the sliding seat. A gear and a ratchet are coaxially connected to the central shaft. The gear meshes with the rack, and the ratchet cooperates with a pawl. The end of the pawl is rotatably installed on a side support seat, and an elastic support piece for supporting the pawl is installed on the side support seat.

5. The laser measurement device for tunnel deformation according to claim 4, characterized in that: A support for the rack is installed in the groove, and a notch for the gear to pass through is formed on the support.

6. The laser measurement device for tunnel deformation according to claim 4, wherein: Cover plates are laid at the opening of the groove, and the cover plates are evenly distributed along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

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