Quantum bit addressing device and quantum bit measuring method

Abstract

The invention provides a quantum bit addressing device, which comprises a laser generation assembly suitable for providing an initial pulse laser beam; the modulation component is suitable for modulating the initial pulse laser beam according to an externally input radio frequency signal so as to output a one-dimensional beam array comprising a plurality of laser beams with different diffraction angles; the optical waveguide chip is suitable for converting the one-dimensional light beam array into an addressing light beam array corresponding to the arrangement mode of the quantum bit array; the optical assembly is suitable for focusing the addressing light beam array to the quantum bit array so as to perform addressing control, measurement or trapping on at least one target quantum bit in the quantum bit array; wherein each addressing light beam in the addressing light beam array is in one-to-one correspondence with each quantum bit in the quantum bit array.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure relates to the field of quantum bit addressing technology, and more specifically to a quantum bit addressing device and a quantum bit measurement method. Background Art

[0002] In the past few decades, quantum information science has made rapid progress, and there are many types of physical systems that can conduct quantum information experiments. Among them, ion trap systems, tweezer array systems, and solid-state defects systems have shown unique advantages in the fields of quantum computing, quantum simulation, and quantum measurement. In these systems, experiments require manipulation of quantum states. Quantum state manipulation includes the control of quantum state evolution and the readout of quantum states. The manipulation of quantum states can be divided into global operations and addressing operations. According to the Divincenzo criterion of quantum computers, addressing operations are the key technology for building quantum computers. Realizing this technology means that experimenters can accurately manipulate the quantum states of atoms at specific locations, laying the foundation for quantum error correction and quantum circuit feedback control.

[0003] In recent years, a variety of addressing schemes have been developed, including the use of acousto-optic devices for addressing. Although the relevant addressing technology can achieve fast addressing, it cannot achieve the addressing of any number of material bit states at any position. In addition, the relevant addressing technology has poor scalability, high complexity of the optical path system, and poor compatibility with existing systems in related fields. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned and other technical problems in the prior art, the present disclosure provides a quantum bit addressing device that can realize the addressing, manipulation, measurement or trapping of quantum bit states of any number and any position, and the quantum bit addressing device has low complexity.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a quantum bit addressing device is provided, comprising:

[0006] A laser generating assembly adapted to provide an initial pulsed laser beam;

[0007] A modulation component, adapted to modulate the initial pulsed laser beam according to an externally input radio frequency signal to output a one-dimensional beam array including a plurality of laser beams with different diffraction angles;

[0008] An optical waveguide chip, adapted to convert the one-dimensional beam array into an addressing beam array corresponding to the arrangement of the quantum bit array; and

[0009] An optical component, adapted to focus the addressing beam array onto the qubit array, so as to address, manipulate, measure or trap at least one target qubit in the qubit array;

[0010] Wherein, each addressing light in the addressing light beam array corresponds one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical waveguide chip includes:

[0012] Laser incident end face;

[0013] a laser emission end face; and

[0014] A multi-channel optical waveguide is arranged through the optical waveguide chip. The multi-channel optical waveguide has a plurality of incident light guide ports arranged in a one-dimensional linear manner at the laser incident end face. The multi-channel optical waveguide has an output light guide port corresponding to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array at the laser output end face.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical waveguide chip is integrated with an optical switch component, which is suitable for controlling the on-off of the transmission path of at least one addressing light in the addressing light beam array to perform addressing manipulation, measurement or trapping of the target quantum bit.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the frequency of the radio frequency signal corresponds one-to-one to the positions of the plurality of quantum bits in the quantum bit array.

[0017] Among them, according to the positional relationship of the above-mentioned target quantum bits, the frequency of the above-mentioned radio frequency signal corresponding to the above-mentioned target quantum bits is obtained, so that the addressing light in the above-mentioned addressing light beam array corresponds to the above-mentioned target quantum bits.

[0018] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned quantum bit addressing device further includes:

[0019] The spatial light modulator is adapted to modulate the addressing light beam array according to an external modulation signal so that the light spot formed by at least one addressing light beam in the addressing light beam array has different shapes.

[0020] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned quantum bit addressing device further includes:

[0021] The coupling component is adapted to couple the one-dimensional light beam array into the laser incident end face of the optical waveguide chip.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned quantum bit addressing device further includes:

[0023] A beam splitter is used to combine a plurality of the above one-dimensional beam arrays to output a first one-dimensional beam array,

[0024] The plurality of one-dimensional beam arrays are generated by respectively modulating a plurality of initial pulsed laser beams of different frequencies by a plurality of modulation components 1, and each laser beam in the first one-dimensional beam array includes a plurality of different frequencies.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, by changing the modulation parameters of the above-mentioned radio frequency signal, the phase or intensity of the above-mentioned addressing light corresponding one-to-one to the multiple above-mentioned target quantum bits is changed, so that the multiple above-mentioned target quantum bits are differentially controlled, so that the multiple above-mentioned target quantum bits have different quantum state evolution states.

[0026] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a quantum bit measurement method is provided, using the above-mentioned quantum bit addressing device, and the above-mentioned method includes operations S101~S103.

[0027] In operation S101, the fluorescence emitted by the quantum bit array is collected by using an optical waveguide chip;

[0028] In operation S102, the fluorescence is detected by a detector to obtain fluorescence information;

[0029] In operation S103, information on the quantum state of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array is obtained according to the fluorescence information.

[0030] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, based on the information of the quantum state of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array, the radio frequency signal externally input to the modulation component is adjusted to address, manipulate and measure the target quantum bit in the quantum bit array.

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an initial pulse laser beam is generated by using a laser generating component, and the initial pulse laser beam is modulated according to an externally input radio frequency signal by using a modulation component to output a one-dimensional beam array including multiple laser beams with different diffraction angles. An optical waveguide chip is used to convert the one-dimensional beam array into an addressing beam array corresponding to the arrangement of the quantum bit array, and each addressing light in the addressing beam array corresponds one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5; an optical component is used to focus the addressing beam array onto the quantum bit array to address, manipulate, measure or trap at least one target quantum bit in the quantum bit array, thereby realizing the addressing, manipulation, measurement or trapping of the quantum bit states of any number and any position, and the complexity of the quantum bit addressing device is low. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The above contents and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent through the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0033] Figure 1 The working principle diagram of the quantum bit addressing device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0034] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of an optical waveguide chip in a quantum bit addressing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic perspective view of a laser incident end face of an optical waveguide chip in a quantum bit addressing device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0036] Figure 4 Schematically illustrates an embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the laser emission end face of the optical waveguide chip;

[0037] Figure 5 A flowchart schematically shows a method for measuring a quantum bit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0038] Figure 6 The working principle diagram of the device for collecting fluorescence information emitted by the quantum bit array in the quantum bit measurement method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0039] In the above drawings, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows:

[0040] 1- Modulation component;

[0041] 2- coupling components;

[0042] 3- Optical waveguide chip;

[0043] 31-Laser incident end face;

[0044] 32-laser emission end face;

[0045] 33- optical waveguide;

[0046] 4- Optical components;

[0047] 5-Qubit array;

[0048] 6-Fiber Optic Array;

[0049] a-initial pulse laser beam;

[0050] b- one-dimensional beam array;

[0051] c-Addressing beam array. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the following detailed description, for ease of explanation, many specific details are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it is apparent that one or more embodiments may also be implemented without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concepts of the present disclosure.

[0053] The terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. The terms "comprise", "include", etc. used herein indicate the existence of the features, steps, operations and / or components, but do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations or components.

[0054] All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly rigid manner.

[0055] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C, etc.", they should generally be interpreted according to the meaning of the expression commonly understood by those skilled in the art (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include but is not limited to a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, C, etc.).

[0056] Although the related addressing technology can achieve fast addressing, it cannot achieve the addressing of any number of material bit states at any position. In addition, the related addressing technology has poor scalability, high complexity of the optical path system, and poor compatibility with existing systems in related fields.

[0057] In view of this, the present disclosure provides a quantum bit addressing device, which generates an initial pulse laser beam by using a laser generating component, and modulates the initial pulse laser beam according to an externally input radio frequency signal by using a modulation component to output a one-dimensional beam array including multiple laser beams with different diffraction angles, and converts the one-dimensional beam array into an addressing beam array corresponding to the arrangement of the quantum bit array by using an optical waveguide chip, and each addressing light in the addressing beam array corresponds one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5; the addressing beam array is focused onto the quantum bit array by using an optical component to address, manipulate, measure or trap at least one target quantum bit in the quantum bit array, thereby realizing the addressing, manipulation, measurement or trapping of the state of material bits of any number and any position, and reducing the complexity of the quantum bit addressing device.

[0058] Figure 1 The working principle diagram of the quantum bit addressing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0059] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 1 As shown, the above-mentioned quantum bit addressing device includes a laser generating component, a modulation component 1, an optical waveguide component 3 and an optical component 4. The laser generating component is suitable for providing an initial pulse laser beam a; the modulation component 1 is suitable for modulating the initial pulse laser beam a according to an externally input radio frequency signal to output a one-dimensional beam array b including a plurality of laser beams with different diffraction angles; the optical waveguide chip 3 is suitable for converting the one-dimensional beam array b into an addressing beam array c corresponding to the arrangement of the quantum bit array 5; and the optical component 4 is suitable for focusing the addressing beam array c onto the quantum bit array 5 to address, manipulate, measure or trap at least one target quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5; wherein each addressing light in the addressing beam array c corresponds one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5.

[0060] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, an initial pulse laser beam a is generated by using a laser generating component, and the initial pulse laser beam a is modulated by using a modulation component 1 according to an externally input radio frequency signal to output a one-dimensional beam array b including multiple laser beams with different diffraction angles, and the one-dimensional beam array b is converted into an addressing beam array c corresponding to the arrangement of the quantum bit array 5 by using an optical waveguide chip 3, and each addressing light in the addressing beam array c corresponds one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5; the addressing beam array c is focused onto the quantum bit array 5 by using an optical component 4 to address, manipulate, measure or trap at least one target quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5, thereby realizing the addressing, manipulation, measurement or trapping of the quantum bit states of any number and any position, and reducing the complexity of the quantum bit addressing device.

[0061] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the arrangement of quantum bit arrays includes one-dimensional array arrangement, two-dimensional array arrangement and three-dimensional array arrangement. A quantum bit array with a two-dimensional array arrangement means that multiple quantum bits are arranged in the same plane; a three-dimensional quantum bit arrangement means that multiple quantum bits are arranged in multiple planes.

[0062] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, the modulation component 1 includes an acousto-optic modulator, and the initial pulse laser beam a generated by the laser generating component is incident on the acousto-optic modulator. The acousto-optic modulator generates different laser emission conditions according to the externally input radio frequency signal, that is, outputs a one-dimensional beam array b including multiple laser beams with different diffraction angles. The radio frequency signal is an electrical signal, and by selecting an appropriate number and frequency of electrical signals to be input into the acousto-optic modulator, the acousto-optic modulator will output a one-dimensional beam array b.

[0063] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, the quantum bit array includes a material bit array, and the type of the material bits includes any one of atoms, ions, molecules and quantum dots.

[0064] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical component 4 includes a reflector, a lens group, and an objective lens. By setting the optical component 4, the addressing light beam emitted from one of the multiple optical waveguides 33 in the optical waveguide chip 3 is accurately directed to a target quantum bit at a specific position in the quantum bit array 5, and a one-to-one correspondence between the optical waveguide and the quantum bit is established.

[0065] Figure 2 A structural cross-sectional view of an optical waveguide chip in a quantum bit addressing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0066] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 2 As shown, the optical waveguide chip 3 includes a laser incident end face 31, a laser exit end face 32 and a multi-path optical waveguide 33. The multi-path optical waveguide 33 is arranged in the optical waveguide chip 3. The multi-path optical waveguide 33 has a plurality of incident light guide ports arranged in a one-dimensional linear manner at the laser incident end face 31, and the multi-path optical waveguide 33 has an exit light guide port corresponding to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5 at the laser exit end face 32.

[0067] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, by inserting a multi-path optical waveguide 33 into the optical waveguide chip 3, and the multi-path optical waveguide 33 has a plurality of incident light guide ports arranged in a one-dimensional linear manner at the laser incident end face 31, and the multi-path optical waveguide 33 has an exit light guide port corresponding to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5 at the laser exit end face 32, the one-dimensional light beam array b input into the optical waveguide chip 3 is converted into an addressing light beam array c corresponding to the arrangement of the quantum bit array.

[0068] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of light guiding channels included in the optical waveguide chip 3 can be any number, for example, the number of light guiding channels is 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 16, 24, 30 or 48, etc. The laser incident end face 31 of the optical waveguide chip 3 has incident light guiding ports arranged in a one-dimensional linear manner, and the multi-path optical waveguide 33 has exit light guiding ports corresponding to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5 at the laser exit end face 32, and the number of light guiding channels and the arrangement of the exit light guiding ports of the laser exit end face 32 are adjusted according to the actual arrangement of the quantum bit array 5.

[0069] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 2 As shown, the optical waveguide chip 3 includes 9 light guiding channels, the laser incident end face 31 of the optical waveguide chip 3 has 9 incident light guiding ports arranged in one-dimensional linear pattern, and the laser incident end face 31 of the optical waveguide chip 3 has exit light guiding ports arranged in 3×3 pattern. The multi-path optical waveguides in the optical waveguide chip 3 respectively receive the one-dimensional beam array b including multiple laser beams with different diffraction angles output by the modulation component 1.

[0070] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the frequency of the appropriate RF signal is selected according to the relative position of the multi-path optical waveguide 33 and the modulation component 1 and the interval between the multi-path optical waveguides 33 so that the one-dimensional light beam array b matches and enters the optical waveguide chip 3 .

[0071] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, if the quantum bit array 5 is a two-dimensional quantum bit array, the output light guide port of the multi-path optical waveguide 33 at the laser output end face 32 corresponds one-to-one to each quantum bit in the two-dimensional quantum bit array; if the quantum bit array 5 is a three-dimensional quantum bit array, the output light guide port of the multi-path optical waveguide 33 at the laser output end face 32 corresponds one-to-one to each quantum bit in the three-dimensional quantum bit array.

[0072] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5 is arranged in a 3×3 three-dimensional lattice.

[0073] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the quantum bit addressing device further includes a coupling component 2 , which is suitable for coupling the one-dimensional light beam array b into the laser incident end face 31 of the optical waveguide chip 3 .

[0074] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the one-dimensional light beam array b is coupled into the optical waveguide chip 3 by providing a coupling component 2, thereby realizing the transmission of the one-dimensional light beam array b.

[0075] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, the coupling component 2 includes any one or a combination of at least two of a lens group, an objective lens, and a reflector. For example, the coupling component 2 is a lens group, an objective lens, or a reflector, or the coupling component 2 is a combination of a lens group and an objective lens, or the coupling component 2 is a combination of a lens group and a reflector. The coupling component 2 directs the multiple laser beams emitted by the optical waveguide chip 3 toward the target quantum bit to be addressed according to a suitable degree of convergence.

[0076] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical waveguide chip 3 is integrated with an optical switch component, which is suitable for controlling the on-off of the transmission path of at least one addressing light in the addressing light beam array c to perform addressing manipulation, measurement or trapping of the target quantum bit.

[0077] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical waveguide chip 3 is integrated with a waveguide beam splitter, which is suitable for combining multiple optical waveguides into one optical waveguide for output, and the waveguide beam splitter is also suitable for dividing one optical waveguide into multiple optical waveguides for output, so that one incident light guiding port corresponds to at least one output light guiding port or at least one incident light guiding port corresponds to one output light guiding port, the incident light guiding ports are arranged in a one-dimensional linear manner, and the output light guiding ports correspond one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5.

[0078] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the output regulation of the addressing light beam of a specific output light guide port is achieved through devices such as on-chip waveguide splitters and optical switches, so as to achieve addressing, manipulation, measurement or trapping of multiple quantum bits of arbitrary configurations.

[0079] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, each optical waveguide 33 in the optical waveguide chip 3 can be processed to different depths and different positions, and thus correspond one-to-one to quantum bits at different positions in space.

[0080] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, the number of optical waveguide chips 3 can be any number, for example, the number of optical waveguide chips 3 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 or 12, etc., and the multiple optical waveguide chips 3 are connected by an optical fiber array, the optical guide ports at the laser input ends of the multiple optical waveguide chips 3 are arranged in a one-dimensional array, and the optical guide ports at the laser output ends of the multiple optical waveguide chips 3 correspond one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5.

[0081] Figure 3 A schematic perspective view of a laser incident end face of an optical waveguide chip in a quantum bit addressing device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown; Figure 4 Schematically illustrates an embodiment of the present disclosure Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the laser emission end face of the optical waveguide chip.

[0082] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the light guide openings at the laser incident end face and the laser exit end face of the optical waveguide chip 3 are arranged in a two-dimensional array, and the two-dimensional array arrangements of the light guide openings at the laser incident end face and the laser exit end face are different from each other.

[0083] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the frequency of the radio frequency signal corresponds one-to-one to the positions of multiple quantum bits in the quantum bit array 5, wherein the frequency of the radio frequency signal corresponding to the target quantum bit is obtained based on the positional relationship of the target quantum bit, so that the addressing light in the addressing beam array c corresponds to the target quantum bit.

[0084] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned quantum bit addressing device combines the modulation component 1 with the optical waveguide chip 3, and an electrical signal of a specific frequency input into the modulation component 1 will correspond to a light beam exit angle in the modulation component 1, and then correspond to a waveguide in the multi-channel optical waveguide 33 in the optical waveguide chip 3, and finally correspond to a target quantum bit in the quantum bit array, realizing the correspondence between the target quantum bit at a specific position and the electrical signal of a specific frequency. That is, only the radio frequency signal of the corresponding frequency needs to be input into the modulation component 1 to achieve the addressing of the target quantum bit at the target position, and the above-mentioned quantum bit addressing device has no limit on the number of quantum bits to be addressed, thereby ensuring the scalability of the addressing of the quantum bit array. Since the one-dimensional beam array b is controlled by the modulation component 1, the modulation speed of the initial pulse laser beam a is improved.

[0085] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for performing quantum optimization control by adjusting the parameters of the radio frequency signal in the input modulation component 1 includes but is not limited to achieving high-fidelity arbitrary single-bit operation and arbitrary multi-bit operation, and this method will not cause light spot shaking due to the non-monochromaticity of the control pulse.

[0086] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the control of quantum bits requires optimizing the pulse waveform of each laser beam in the one-dimensional beam array b, and utilizing the modulation component 1 to modulate the initial pulse laser beam a generated by the laser generating component to generate an optimized one-dimensional beam array b. Laser beams of different frequencies in the one-dimensional beam array b correspond to different spatial positions. The optimized one-dimensional beam array b generated after modulation by the modulation component 1 is coupled into the optical waveguide chip 3 through the coupling component 2, and each addressing light in the final emitted addressing beam array c corresponds to a quantum bit at a different spatial position in the quantum bit array 5.

[0087] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned quantum bit addressing device also includes a spatial light modulator, which is suitable for modulating the addressing beam array c according to an external modulation signal so that the light spot formed by at least one addressing light in the addressing beam array c has a different shape.

[0088] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one addressing beam in the addressing beam array c is modulated by using a spatial light modulator so that the light spot formed by at least one addressing beam has a different shape, thereby achieving flat-top light shaping, long focal depth shaping or multi-focus shaping, thereby improving the accuracy of addressing, manipulation, measurement or confinement of the target quantum bit.

[0089] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, by combining the optical waveguide chip 3 with a spatial light modulator, in the addressing operation of the quantum system, the addressing light beam directed to the quantum bit is not necessarily a Gaussian spot. By modulating the addressing light with the spatial light modulator, flat-top light shaping, telephoto depth shaping and multi-focal point shaping can be achieved.

[0090] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, when the optical waveguide chip 3 is used in combination with other chips, the end face of the optical waveguide chip 3 can be designed to match the channels of other optical chips, acoustic chips, superconducting chips and optical fiber arrays 6, so as to achieve connection with these chips and optical fiber arrays. By combining the optical waveguide chip 3 with a spatial light modulator, the shape of the addressing light spot can be designed.

[0091] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the above-mentioned quantum bit addressing device also includes a beam splitter, which is suitable for combining multiple one-dimensional beam arrays b to output a first one-dimensional beam array, wherein the multiple one-dimensional beam arrays b are generated by multiple modulation components 1 respectively modulating multiple initial pulsed laser beams of different frequencies, and each laser beam in the first one-dimensional beam array includes multiple different frequencies.

[0092] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical waveguide chip 3 is connected to other optical chips, acoustic chips, superconducting quantum chips or optical fiber arrays, and the optical guide port of the multi-path optical waveguide 33 at one end of the optical waveguide chip 3 is designed to correspond to other device structures, thereby realizing the connection between the optical waveguide chip 3 and other devices.

[0093] According to some optional embodiments of the present disclosure, the optical waveguide chip 3 is combined with the acoustic chip to process the fluorescent signal emitted by the quantum bit, and to convert the optical signals at different positions into optical signals of different frequencies.

[0094] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a plurality of one-dimensional light beam arrays b are combined by using a beam splitter to output a first one-dimensional light beam array. A plurality of initial pulsed laser beams of different frequencies can simultaneously share an optical waveguide 33 in the optical waveguide chip 3. Lasers of different frequencies can be transmitted through the same optical waveguide 33, thereby realizing operations on different quantum bits, and reducing the complexity of the optical path in the quantum bit addressing device.

[0095] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, by changing the modulation parameters of the radio frequency signal, the phase or intensity of the addressing light corresponding to the multiple target quantum bits is changed, so that the multiple target quantum bits are differentially controlled so that the multiple target quantum bits have different quantum state evolution states.

[0096] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, by changing the modulation parameters of the radio frequency signal, differentiated control means can be applied to quantum bits at different positions, and the frequency, phase, pulse length and waveform of the laser pulse applied to each quantum bit can be adjusted independently. Therefore, each quantum bit can be precisely controlled by a laser pulse of a specific waveform, thereby achieving efficient and flexible quantum operations.

[0097] Figure 5 The flowchart of the quantum bit measurement method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0098] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a quantum bit measurement method, such as Figure 5 As shown, the above method includes operations S101 to S103.

[0099] In operation S101 , the fluorescence emitted by the quantum bit array 5 is collected by using the optical waveguide chip 3 .

[0100] In operation S102 , fluorescence is detected by using a detector to obtain fluorescence information.

[0101] In operation S103 , information on the quantum state of each qubit in the qubit array 5 is obtained based on the fluorescence information.

[0102] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the fluorescence emitted by the quantum bit array 5 is collected by using the optical waveguide chip 3, and the fluorescence is detected by using a detector to obtain fluorescence information; based on the fluorescence information, the information on the quantum state of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5 is obtained, thereby achieving measurement of the target quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5, which can be applied to the detection and readout of quantum systems.

[0103] Figure 6 The working principle diagram of the device for collecting fluorescence information emitted by the quantum bit array in the quantum bit measurement method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0104] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 6 As shown, the device for collecting fluorescence information emitted by the quantum bit array in the quantum bit measurement method includes an optical fiber array 6, an optical waveguide chip 3, an optical component 4, and a quantum bit array 5. One end of the optical fiber array 6 is connected to the optical waveguide chip 3, and the other end of the optical fiber array 6 is connected to the detector, and the detector collects the fluorescence information emitted by the quantum bits in the quantum bit array 5.

[0105] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the other end of the optical fiber array 6 is connected to other optical signal processing devices to process the fluorescent signal emitted by the quantum bit array 5.

[0106] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the radio frequency signal externally input to the modulation component 1 is adjusted according to the information of the quantum state of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5 to address, manipulate and measure the target quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5.

[0107] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the fluorescence emitted by each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5 will be collected by the optical component 4 and coupled into the multi-path optical waveguide 33 in the optical waveguide chip 3. The fluorescence of each quantum bit will be collected into a specific optical waveguide 33. By combining the optical waveguide chip 3 with the optical fiber array 6, specific optical fiber collection of the fluorescence signal of the target quantum bit at a specific position can be achieved. The optical fiber array 6 can be connected to a high-speed detector to achieve a higher speed quantum state readout. After the information of the quantum state of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5 is finally obtained is processed, the electrical signal (i.e., the radio frequency signal) input to the above-mentioned quantum bit addressing device is adjusted to achieve feedback or feedforward control of the quantum system.

[0108] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present disclosure may be combined and / or combined in a variety of ways, even if such combinations and / or combinations are not explicitly described in the present disclosure. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present disclosure may be combined and / or combined in a variety of ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present disclosure. All of these combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0109] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described above. However, these embodiments are only for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Although the embodiments are described above separately, this does not mean that the measures in the various embodiments cannot be used in combination to advantage. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents. Without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art may make a variety of substitutions and modifications, which should all fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A quantum bit addressing device, comprising: A laser generating assembly adapted to provide an initial pulsed laser beam; A modulation component 1, adapted to modulate the initial pulse laser beam according to an externally input radio frequency signal to output a one-dimensional beam array including a plurality of laser beams with different diffraction angles; The optical waveguide chip 3 is adapted to convert the one-dimensional light beam array into an addressing light beam array corresponding to the arrangement of the quantum bit array 5; as well as An optical component 4, adapted to focus the addressing beam array onto the qubit array 5, so as to address, manipulate, measure or trap at least one target qubit in the qubit array 5; Wherein, each addressing light in the addressing light beam array corresponds one-to-one to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5 .

2. The quantum bit addressing device according to claim 1, wherein: The optical waveguide chip 3 comprises: Laser incident end face; a laser emission end face; and A multi-channel optical waveguide is arranged through the optical waveguide chip 3. The multi-channel optical waveguide has a plurality of incident light guide ports arranged in a one-dimensional linear manner at the laser incident end face, and the multi-channel optical waveguide has an output light guide port corresponding to each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5 on the laser output end face.

3. The quantum bit addressing device according to claim 1, wherein: The optical waveguide chip 3 is integrated with an optical switch component, which is suitable for controlling the on-off of the transmission path of at least one addressing light in the addressing light beam array to perform addressing manipulation, measurement or trapping on the target quantum bit.

4. The quantum bit addressing device according to claim 1, wherein: The frequency of the radio frequency signal corresponds one-to-one to the positions of the multiple quantum bits in the quantum bit array 5. Among them, according to the positional relationship of the target quantum bit, the frequency of the radio frequency signal corresponding to the target quantum bit is obtained, so that the addressing light in the addressing light beam array corresponds to the target quantum bit.

5. The quantum bit addressing device according to claim 1, wherein: Also includes: The spatial light modulator is adapted to modulate the addressing light beam array according to an external modulation signal so that the light spot formed by at least one addressing light beam in the addressing light beam array has different shapes.

6. The quantum bit addressing device according to claim 2, wherein: Also includes: The coupling component 2 is adapted to couple the one-dimensional light beam array into the laser incident end face of the optical waveguide chip 3 .

7. The quantum bit addressing device according to claim 1, wherein: Also includes: a beam splitter, adapted to combine the plurality of said one-dimensional beam arrays to output a first one-dimensional beam array, The plurality of one-dimensional beam arrays are generated by respectively modulating a plurality of initial pulsed laser beams of different frequencies by a plurality of modulation components 1, and each laser beam in the first one-dimensional beam array includes a plurality of different frequencies.

8. The quantum bit addressing device according to claim 1, wherein: By changing the modulation parameters of the radio frequency signal, the phase or intensity of the addressing light corresponding to the multiple target quantum bits is changed, so that the multiple target quantum bits are differentially regulated so that the multiple target quantum bits have different quantum state evolution states.

9. A method for measuring a quantum bit, using the quantum bit addressing device according to claims 1 to 8, the method comprising: The optical waveguide chip 3 is used to collect the fluorescence emitted by the quantum bit array 5; Detecting the fluorescence using a detector to obtain fluorescence information; The information of the quantum state of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5 is obtained according to the fluorescence information.

10. The quantum bit measurement method according to claim 9, wherein: According to the information of the quantum state of each quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5, the radio frequency signal externally input to the modulation component 1 is adjusted to address, manipulate and measure the target quantum bit in the quantum bit array 5.

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