Mountain park photovoltaic equipment arrangement optimization method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of layout optimization, and discloses a mountain park photovoltaic equipment layout optimization method, based on the characteristic that the main function of a mountain park is viewing, the influence of light reflection of photovoltaic equipment on viewing is fully considered when the photovoltaic equipment is deployed, and the layout optimization of the mountain park photovoltaic equipment is realized. A test result is obtained by adopting an on-site simulation test mode of performing on-site deployment on an identification band of a simulation photovoltaic panel, shooting pictures at a fixed height to perform identification so as to simulate viewing sight and the like, namely a visual influence evaluation model based on importance weights of viewing decks and an area proportion of the identification band is established, and an evaluation value of each viewing deck is calculated, so that a visual influence evaluation result is obtained. The influence degree of the photovoltaic equipment on the sight line of the viewing platform is quantified, the deployment of the photovoltaic equipment can be optimized according to the test result, and the integrity of the viewing characteristics of the mountain park can be effectively ensured while the deployment requirement of the photovoltaic equipment is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of layout optimization, and in particular relates to a method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic equipment in a mountain park. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the improvement of environmental protection awareness, photovoltaic power generation has been widely used as a clean and renewable form of energy. Mountain parks in cities have become ideal places to deploy photovoltaic equipment due to their open terrain and sufficient sunlight. However, the main function of mountain parks is to provide tourists with natural landscapes and leisure and entertainment space. Too many photovoltaic devices may have a negative impact on landscape aesthetics and tourists' viewing experience. Therefore, how to minimize the visual impact of photovoltaic equipment on the landscape while meeting the power supply needs of the park has become an urgent problem to be solved. In the prior art, computer simulation and three-dimensional modeling are usually used to simulate the visual impact of photovoltaic equipment, but due to the complex terrain and diverse vegetation of mountain parks, simulation models are difficult to accurately reflect the actual situation. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the technical problems described in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention provides a method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic equipment in a mountain park. Based on the characteristic that the main function of a mountain park is sightseeing, the influence of the reflection of photovoltaic equipment on sightseeing is fully considered when deploying photovoltaic equipment. Field deployment is carried out using identification belts simulating photovoltaic panels, and pictures are taken at a fixed height for identification to simulate the viewing line of sight, and other field simulation tests are used to obtain test results. The deployment of photovoltaic equipment can be optimized according to the test results. While meeting the requirements for the deployment of photovoltaic equipment, the integrity of the viewing characteristics of the mountain park can be effectively guaranteed.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is: a method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic equipment in a mountain park, comprising the following steps: S1. According to the planning of the mountain park, determine the area where photovoltaic equipment can be deployed, and determine the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation equipment according to the power supply required by the mountain park, and then determine the area occupied by the required photovoltaic power generation equipment. ; S2. The area occupied by the required photovoltaic power generation equipment in the selected deployment area Determine the equal-area identification belt deployment area according to the principle of maximum occupancy, and complete the layout of the identification belt in the equal-area identification belt deployment area; S3. For each viewing platform, take photos along the edge of the viewing platform at the same shooting height, with the camera lens facing away from the center of the viewing platform, and keep some overlap between adjacent photos. Take photos along the edge of the viewing platform in sequence. After the shooting is completed, use image stitching technology to remove the overlapping parts and split them according to the same width. In this way, multiple identification band test pictures are obtained from one viewing platform point, and finally a viewing identification band test atlas is formed; S4, using image recognition technology to identify whether there is an identification band in each picture in the viewing identification band test set, and calculating the area of ​​the identification band in the picture; S5, extracting the recognition results of all pictures of each recognition zone at a viewing platform point and the corresponding calculated recognition zone area; S6. According to the importance weight of the observation deck , calculate the visual impact assessment value of each identification zone , and extract the identification zone with the smallest visual impact assessment value as the optimal recommendation for the layout of photovoltaic equipment in mountain parks.

[0005] Further, in step S2, the area occupied by the photovoltaic power generation equipment is selected according to the area occupied by the photovoltaic power generation equipment. Determine the deployment area of ​​equal-area identification bands according to the principle of maximum occupancy, including the following steps: S201. In the GIS system corresponding to the mountain park, select the area of ​​each photovoltaic power generation device that is not less than the required area in the deployable area. And the blocks with regular shapes are used as alternative blocks for the convenience of later maintenance; S202: If the area of ​​a candidate block is No larger than the required area of ​​the photovoltaic power generation equipment twice, that is: , Then a square identification belt of equal area is arranged on the side of the candidate block close to the top of the mountain; S203, if the area of ​​a candidate block The area required for photovoltaic power generation equipment multiples of, that is: , Then, multiple square identification belts of equal area are deployed from the side close to the top of the mountain to the side close to the foot of the mountain, and the number of identification belts is The total area of ​​multiple identification zones should be maximized, that is: , in, It means that x is rounded down, that is, the number of identification bands that can be fully accommodated is .

[0006] Furthermore, the identification tape is a reflective film, and the corresponding image recognition technology is a pre-trained image recognition model.

[0007] Furthermore, the identification band is a cloth band of a color that will obviously not appear in the mountain park and its surroundings, and the corresponding image recognition technology is to extract the pixel value of the corresponding color in the image.

[0008] Furthermore, the identification band is a coating having three characteristics: a color that will obviously not appear in the mountain park and its surroundings, can be washed off with water, and can be quickly degraded naturally. The corresponding image recognition technology is to extract the pixel value of the corresponding color in the image.

[0009] Furthermore, step S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31. Determine a boundary line at the edge of each viewing platform. If it is closed, select a starting point at random; if it is a line segment, select one end as the starting point; S32, using a high-resolution digital camera to mark the boundary line starting from the starting point according to the width of the camera lens; S33, at each marked shooting mark, point the camera at the same shooting height in a direction away from the middle of the observation deck, shoot outwards, so that the fields of view between adjacent photos partially overlap, and shoot at each shooting mark in turn until the entire edge of the observation deck is covered; S34, after all the viewing platforms are photographed, they are named according to their names; S35. Use image stitching software to stitch and generate a panoramic image, and divide it in sequence according to the same width to establish a viewing recognition band test set.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S3, the same shooting height is set to 1.8 m based on the average height of adults in China.

[0011] Furthermore, step S6 specifically includes the following steps: S61. Calculate the importance weight of the observation deck , , in, is the number of tourists, indicating the average number of tourists per day, reflecting the popularity of the observation deck. It is a landscape value score, which indicates the uniqueness and importance of the landscape of the observation deck. It can be obtained by the scenic area management department or experts. is the cultural significance value, indicating whether it has cultural or historical significance. , , The corresponding number of tourists , Landscape value score , cultural significance The weight coefficient is mainly determined according to the actual attributes of the mountain park; S62, according to the weight of the observation deck , calculate the visual impact assessment value of each identification zone , , in, It is the sum of the areas occupied by the mth identification zone in all the pictures taken at the i-th observation deck; S63. Visual impact assessment value for all identification bands Sort in ascending order and extract the visual impact assessment value The smallest identification zone is recommended as an optimization for the layout of photovoltaic equipment in mountain parks.

[0012] The present invention has the following beneficial effects due to the adoption of the above technology:

[0013] 1. Based on the fact that the main function of mountain parks is sightseeing, the present invention fully considers the influence of reflection of photovoltaic equipment on sightseeing when deploying photovoltaic equipment. It adopts field simulation test methods such as field deployment of identification belts simulating photovoltaic panels, taking pictures at a fixed height for identification to simulate the sight line of sight, and other field simulation tests to obtain test results. The deployment of photovoltaic equipment can be optimized according to the test results. While meeting the requirements for the deployment of photovoltaic equipment, the integrity of the sightseeing characteristics of the mountain park can be effectively guaranteed.

[0014] 2. The present invention can use reflective film as an identification tape to simulate the reflective characteristics of photovoltaic equipment, which is more in line with actual conditions, does not require complex equipment and high-cost materials, simplifies the field testing process, and uses an image recognition model to accurately identify the presence and size of the image reflective film, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of data processing.

[0015] 3. The present invention can use identification bands with obvious colors that do not appear in natural landscapes to replace reflective films or simulated photovoltaic panels. The identification bands can be arranged according to the principle of equal area within the area where photovoltaic equipment can be deployed. No complicated equipment and high-cost materials are required, which simplifies the field testing process. In addition, the uniqueness of the color of the identification bands can be used to directly use the Python program to perform color screening and pixel statistics on pictures taken on the spot. There is no need to build a complex image recognition model, and the existence and area of ​​the identification bands can be quickly and accurately identified, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of data processing.

[0016] 4. The present invention establishes a visual impact assessment model based on the importance weight of the observation deck and the area ratio of the identification zone. By calculating the assessment value of each observation deck, the impact of photovoltaic equipment on the line of sight of the observation deck is quantified, providing a scientific basis for the optimal layout of photovoltaic equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic block diagram of the specific process of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic flowchart of the specific process of step S2 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic flowchart of the specific process of step S3 of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic flowchart of the specific process of step S6 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Embodiment 1: Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic equipment in a mountain park, comprising the following steps: S1. According to the planning of the mountain park, obtain the GIS data of the mountain park, including terrain, height, vegetation cover, existing facilities, etc., collect data on sunshine intensity and duration, and determine the area suitable for photovoltaic power generation. That is, use GIS software to analyze the terrain slope, exclude steep slopes and unstable areas, consider environmental protection requirements, avoid ecologically sensitive areas, and determine the preliminary deployment area of ​​photovoltaic equipment. These are all photovoltaic equipment deployment sites that can be easily completed with existing technologies; At the same time, the installed capacity of the photovoltaic power generation equipment is determined according to the power supply required by the mountain park, and then the required area of ​​the photovoltaic power generation equipment is determined; S2. Determine the equal-area identification belt deployment area in the deployment candidate area according to the floor area of ​​the required photovoltaic power generation equipment in accordance with the principle of maximizing occupancy, and complete the arrangement of the reflective film identification belt in the equal-area identification belt deployment area; S3. For each viewing platform, take photos along the edge of the viewing platform at the same shooting height, with the camera lens facing away from the center of the viewing platform, and keep some overlap between adjacent photos. Take photos along the edge of the viewing platform in sequence. After the shooting is completed, use image stitching technology to remove the overlapping parts and split them according to the same width. In this way, multiple identification band test pictures are obtained from one viewing platform point, and finally a viewing identification band test atlas is formed; S4, using the pre-trained image recognition model to identify whether there is a recognition band in each picture in the viewing recognition band test set, and calculating the area of ​​the recognition band in the picture according to the contour coordinates given by the recognition model; S5, extract the recognition results of all pictures of each recognition zone at a viewing platform point and the corresponding calculated recognition zone area, and write them into the sqlite database for subsequent use; S6. According to the importance weight of the observation deck , calculate the visual impact assessment value of each identification zone , and extract the identification zone with the smallest visual impact assessment value as the optimal recommendation for the layout of photovoltaic equipment in mountain parks.

[0022] In step S1, the installed capacity of the photovoltaic power generation equipment is determined according to the power supply required by the mountain park, and then the required area of ​​the photovoltaic power generation equipment is determined. The specific operation steps are as follows: S101. Calculate the required installed capacity , , in, Indicates the annual electricity consumption of the mountain park. It represents the total efficiency of the entire photovoltaic power generation system in the mountain park. Indicates the annual equivalent full load hours; S102. Calculate the floor area , , in, Indicates the area occupied per unit capacity.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, in step S2, the area occupied by the required photovoltaic power generation equipment is determined in the selected deployment area. Determine the deployment area of ​​equal-area identification bands according to the principle of maximum occupancy, including the following steps: S201. In the GIS system corresponding to the mountain park, select the area of ​​each photovoltaic power generation device that is not less than the required area in the deployable area. And the blocks with regular shapes are used as alternative blocks for the convenience of later maintenance; S202: If the area of ​​a candidate block is No larger than the required area of ​​the photovoltaic power generation equipment twice, that is: , Then a square identification belt of equal area is arranged on the side of the candidate block close to the top of the mountain; S203, if the area of ​​a candidate block The area required for photovoltaic power generation equipment multiples of, that is: , Then, multiple square identification belts of equal area are deployed from the side close to the top of the mountain to the side close to the foot of the mountain, and the number of identification belts is The total area of ​​multiple identification zones should be maximized, that is: , in, It means that x is rounded down, that is, the number of identification bands that can be fully accommodated is .

[0024] like Figure 3 As shown, step S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31. Determine a boundary line at the edge of each viewing platform. If it is closed, select a starting point at random; if it is a line segment, select one end as the starting point; S32. Use a high-resolution digital camera with the same settings for focal length, aperture, shutter speed, ISO sensitivity and other camera parameters to ensure the consistency of the photos. Mark the boundary lines from the starting point according to the width of the camera lens, that is, calculate the distance between each shooting point to ensure that adjacent photos have a 20% overlap in field of view. S33, at each marked shooting mark, point the camera at the same shooting height in a direction away from the middle of the observation deck, shoot outwards, so that the fields of view between adjacent photos partially overlap, and shoot at each shooting mark in turn until the entire edge of the observation deck is covered; S34, after all the viewing platforms are photographed, they are named according to their names; S35. Use image stitching software to stitch and generate a panoramic image, and divide it in sequence according to the same width to establish a viewing recognition band test set.

[0025] In step S33, the same standing height is set to 1.8 m based on the average height of adults in China.

[0026] The steps for constructing and using the pre-trained image recognition model in step S4 are as follows: S41. Dataset preparation: Use the pictures taken in step 3 that contain the identification bands to ensure that the pictures cover different lighting, weather, and angle conditions to improve the generalization ability of the model and form positive samples. At the same time, collect natural landscape pictures that do not contain the identification bands. You can use pictures taken from other areas of the mountain park as negative samples, and then use the labeling tool LabelImg to annotate the pictures and mark the location and range of the identification bands: S42. Build an image recognition model. Since the recognition band has a unique color and a simple shape, you can choose the lightweight convolutional neural network model YOLO model. Before training, divide the data set into training set, validation set, and test set in a ratio of 8:1:1. After setting hyperparameters such as learning rate, batch size, and number of training rounds, select the Adam loss function, train the model on the training set, monitor the performance on the validation set, and evaluate the model's accuracy, recall rate, F1-score, and mAP on the test set. If the performance is not good, consider increasing the amount of data or adjusting the model parameters. After the adjustment, the construction of the training model is completed: S43, input all the pictures in the viewing recognition band test set into the trained model, perform batch recognition, and obtain the detection results of the recognition band in each picture, including position, size and confidence: S44. Calculate the ratio of the recognition zone area to the entire image based on the model recognition result. , , in, Represents the pixel area of ​​the identification band in each image, is the total pixel area of ​​the image: S45: The ratio of the identification zone area to the entire image The data is written into the metadata of the picture for easy subsequent calls.

[0027] like Figure 4 As shown, step S6 specifically includes the following steps: S61. Calculate the importance weight of the observation deck , , in, is the number of tourists, indicating the average number of tourists per day, reflecting the popularity of the observation deck. It is a landscape value score, which indicates the uniqueness and importance of the landscape of the observation deck. It can be obtained by the scenic area management department or experts. is the cultural significance value, indicating whether it has cultural or historical significance. , , The corresponding number of tourists , Landscape value score , cultural significance The weight coefficient is mainly determined according to the actual attributes of the mountain park; S62, according to the weight of the observation deck , calculate the visual impact assessment value of each identification zone , , in, It is the sum of the areas occupied by the mth identification zone in all the pictures taken at the i-th observation deck; S63. Visual impact assessment value for all identification bands Sort in ascending order and extract the visual impact assessment value The smallest identification zone is recommended as an optimization for the layout of photovoltaic equipment in mountain parks.

[0028] Embodiment 2: For the convenience of deployment, the identification tape is changed from reflective film to cloth tape of a color that will obviously not appear in the mountain park and its surroundings. The color of each identification tape is set to a different color. The cloth tape is tied to the branches of surrounding trees with ropes according to the height of the photovoltaic panels. The corresponding image recognition technology is to extract the pixel value of the corresponding color in the image.

[0029] The specific steps for extracting the pixel value of the corresponding color in the image are as follows: S421, determining the color range of the identification band, extracting the RGB color value of the identification band from the sample image containing the identification band using the image processing tool Photoshop, and collecting multiple sample points to obtain the range of the color value, so as to consider the influence of factors such as lighting and shadows, determine the minimum and maximum values ​​of the red, green and blue channels of the identification band, and form a color threshold range; S422, using OpenCV library and NumPy library to read the image and convert the color space, and define the color threshold range; S423, creating a mask, performing morphological operations on the mask, such as corrosion, dilation, opening and closing operations, to remove noise points, obtain a more accurate identification band area, and then calculate the pixel area of ​​the identification band and the total pixel area of ​​the image, and then calculate the area ratio of the identification band.

[0030] Embodiment 3: In order to further efficiently deploy identification bands, the identification bands are set to have three characteristics: a color that will obviously not appear in mountain parks and their surroundings, a paint that can be washed off with water, and a paint that can quickly degrade naturally. For example, an environmentally friendly chalk-based paint spray used as a temporary mark in outdoor sports events. The identification band positioning coordinates are derived from the GIS system, and drones are used for spraying. Each identification band is sprayed with a different color. The corresponding image recognition technology also extracts the pixel values ​​of the corresponding colors in the image.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic equipment in a mountain park, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. According to the planning of the mountain park, determine the area where photovoltaic equipment can be deployed, and determine the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation equipment according to the power supply required by the mountain park, and then determine the area occupied by the required photovoltaic power generation equipment. ; S2. The area occupied by the required photovoltaic power generation equipment in the selected deployment area Determine the equal-area identification belt deployment area according to the principle of maximum occupancy, and complete the layout of the identification belt in the equal-area identification belt deployment area; S3. For each viewing platform, take photos along the edge of the viewing platform at the same shooting height, with the camera lens facing away from the center of the viewing platform, and keep some overlap between adjacent photos. Take photos along the edge of the viewing platform in sequence. After the shooting is completed, use image stitching technology to remove the overlapping parts and split them according to the same width. In this way, multiple identification band test pictures are obtained from one viewing platform point, and finally a viewing identification band test atlas is formed; S4, using image recognition technology to identify whether there is an identification band in each picture in the viewing identification band test set, and calculating the area of ​​the identification band in the picture; S5, extracting the recognition results of all pictures of each recognition zone at a viewing platform point and the corresponding calculated recognition zone area; S6. According to the importance weight of the observation deck , calculate the visual impact assessment value of each identification zone , and extract the identification zone with the smallest visual impact assessment value as the optimal recommendation for the layout of photovoltaic equipment in mountain parks.

2. A method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic equipment in a mountain park according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the area occupied by the photovoltaic power generation equipment is determined according to the area to be deployed in the selected area. Determine the deployment area of ​​equal-area identification bands according to the principle of maximum occupancy, including the following steps: S201. In the GIS system corresponding to the mountain park, select the area of ​​each photovoltaic power generation device that is not less than the required area in the deployable area. And the blocks with regular shapes are used as alternative blocks for the convenience of later maintenance; S202: If the area of ​​a candidate block is No larger than the required area of ​​the photovoltaic power generation equipment twice, that is: ， Then a square identification belt of equal area is arranged on the side of the candidate block close to the top of the mountain; S203, if the area of ​​a candidate block The area required for photovoltaic power generation equipment multiples of, that is: ， Then, multiple square identification belts of equal area are deployed from the side close to the top of the mountain to the side close to the foot of the mountain, and the number of identification belts is The total area of ​​multiple identification zones should be maximized, that is: ， in, It means that x is rounded down, that is, the number of identification bands that can be fully accommodated is .

3. A method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic equipment in a mountain park according to claim 2, characterized in that: The identification tape is a reflective film, and the corresponding image recognition technology is a pre-trained image recognition model.

4. A method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic equipment in a mountain park according to claim 2, characterized in that: The identification band is a cloth band of a color that will obviously not appear in the mountain park and its surroundings, and the corresponding image recognition technology is to extract the pixel values ​​of the corresponding colors in the image.

5. The method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic equipment in a mountain park according to claim 2, characterized in that: The identification band is a coating with three characteristics: a color that will obviously not appear in the mountain park and its surroundings, can be washed off with water, and can quickly degrade naturally. The corresponding image recognition technology is to extract the pixel values ​​of the corresponding colors in the image.

6. A method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic equipment in a mountain park according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: Step S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31. Determine a boundary line at the edge of each viewing platform. If it is closed, select a starting point at random; if it is a line segment, select one end as the starting point; S32, using a high-resolution digital camera to mark the boundary line starting from the starting point according to the width of the camera lens; S33, at each marked shooting mark, point the camera at the same shooting height in a direction away from the middle of the observation deck, shoot outwards, so that the fields of view between adjacent photos partially overlap, and shoot at each shooting mark in turn until the entire edge of the observation deck is covered; S34, after all the viewing platforms are photographed, they are named according to their names; S35. Use image stitching software to stitch and generate a panoramic image, and divide it in sequence according to the same width to establish a viewing recognition band test set.

7. A method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic equipment in a mountain park according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, the same standing height is set to 1.8 m based on the average height of adults in China.

8. A method for optimizing the layout of photovoltaic equipment in a mountain park according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step S6 specifically includes the following steps: S61. Calculate the importance weight of the observation deck , ， in, is the number of tourists, indicating the average number of tourists per day, reflecting the popularity of the observation deck. It is a landscape value score, which indicates the uniqueness and importance of the landscape of the observation deck. It can be obtained by the scenic area management department or experts. is the cultural significance value, indicating whether it has cultural or historical significance. , , The corresponding number of tourists , Landscape value score , cultural significance The weight coefficient is mainly determined according to the actual attributes of the mountain park; S62, according to the weight of the observation deck , calculate the visual impact assessment value of each identification zone , ， in, It is the sum of the areas occupied by the mth identification zone in all the pictures taken at the ith observation deck; S63. Visual impact assessment value for all identification bands Sort in ascending order and extract the visual impact assessment value The smallest identification zone is recommended as an optimization for the layout of photovoltaic equipment in mountain parks.

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