Purline fixing photovoltaic support for single-layer waterproof roll roof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic supports, and particularly relates to a purline fixing photovoltaic support for a single-layer waterproof roll roof.The purline fixing photovoltaic support comprises a plurality of purlines, profiled steel sheets are arranged at the top ends of the purlines, a support is arranged at the top ends of the profiled steel sheets, a mounting mechanism is arranged on a base of the support, and the mounting mechanism comprises a galvanized bottom plate; the galvanized bottom plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the support, multiple sets of positioning holes are formed in the top end of the purline, multiple sets of positioning hollow columns are arranged at the bottom of the profiled steel sheet, the top ends of the positioning hollow columns penetrate through the profiled steel sheet, the bottom ends of the positioning hollow columns penetrate through the positioning holes, and first screws are arranged in the positioning hollow columns. The hollow column at the bottom end of the profiled steel sheet penetrates through the positioning hole in the top end of the purline to complete positioning connection of the profiled steel sheet and the purline, the galvanized bottom plate at the bottom end of the support is placed at the top end of the profiled steel sheet, the first screw penetrates through the galvanized bottom plate and the hollow column, and the first screw is fixed through the first bolt to complete installation of the support.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic supports, in particular to a purlin-fixed photovoltaic support for a single-layer waterproof coiled material roof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of science and technology, much of the electricity we use is converted from photovoltaic panels absorbing solar energy. To install photovoltaic panels on a roof with a single-layer waterproof membrane, it is necessary to install photovoltaic supports first before installing photovoltaic panels on the photovoltaic supports.

[0003] There are usually three connection methods for installing photovoltaic panels on a single-layer waterproof membrane roof: steel structure supports, heavy-duty supports and flexible supports. The steel structure supports are directly fixed on the roof steel beams. For heavy-duty supports, holes are drilled after all the roof waterproofing construction is completed, and the supports are fixed to the roof bearing plates. For flexible supports, the supports are welded to the waterproof membrane after all the roof waterproofing construction is completed. The construction of flexible supports does not damage the roof waterproofing, and the supports are directly welded to the waterproof layer.

[0004] However, the arrangement spacing of steel structure supports is currently limited by the spacing of steel beams. The brackets on the upper part of the steel structure supports use a large amount of steel. The force points of heavy-duty supports are on the bearing plates, which have low strength. Therefore, more supports are required. Flexible supports are not connected to the roof structure and have poor wind resistance. These connection methods all have the defects of high cost and poor wind resistance. In addition, the angle of the photovoltaic panels fixed on the top of the supports cannot be changed, and the photovoltaic panels cannot face the midday sun for roofs with different inclination angles. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art, the arrangement spacing of the steel structure supports is now limited by the spacing of the steel beams, the brackets on the upper part of the steel structure supports use a large amount of steel, the stress point of the heavy-duty supports is on the bearing plate, and the strength is not high, so more supports need to be set, and the flexible supports are not connected to the roof structure and have poor wind resistance. These connection methods all have the defects of high cost and poor wind resistance, and the angle of the photovoltaic panel fixed on the top of the current support cannot be changed. For roofs with different inclination angles, the photovoltaic panel cannot face the midday sun. The present invention proposes a purlin-fixed photovoltaic support for a single-layer waterproof membrane roof.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: the purlin-fixed photovoltaic support for a single-layer waterproof membrane roof described in the present invention comprises a plurality of groups of purlins, a corrugated steel plate is arranged at the top of the purlin, a support is arranged at the top of the corrugated steel plate, a disc is fixedly connected to the top of the support, a mounting mechanism is arranged at the base of the support, the mounting mechanism comprises a galvanized bottom plate, the galvanized bottom plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the support, the size of the galvanized bottom plate is matched with the corrugated steel plate, a plurality of groups of positioning holes are opened at the top of the purlin, a plurality of groups of positioning hollow columns are arranged at the bottom of the corrugated steel plate, the top of the positioning hollow column passes through the corrugated steel plate, the bottom end of the positioning hollow column passes through the positioning hole, a first screw is arranged inside the positioning hollow column, the first screw passes through the galvanized bottom plate and the purlin, and the first bolt is threadedly connected to the outer side of the first screw.

[0007] Preferably, the diameter of the disc is 190 cm, and the diameter of the support is 60 cm.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of mounting holes are provided at the top of the disk, a connecting seat is provided at the top of the disk, a plurality of second screws are fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting seat, the second screws pass through the mounting holes, the second bolts are threadedly connected to the second screws, a rotating mechanism is provided at the top of the connecting seat, and a photovoltaic panel is provided at the top of the connecting seat.

[0009] Preferably, the rotating mechanism includes a moving groove, which is opened at the top of the connecting seat, screws are rotatably connected at both ends inside the connecting seat, a moving block is threadedly connected to the outer side of the screw, and a first hinge seat is fixedly connected to the top of the moving block, the first hinge seat is hinged to one end of the rotating rod, the other end of the rotating rod is hinged to the second hinge seat, the second hinge seat is fixedly connected to the rear of the rotating plate, and the front of the rotating plate is rotatably connected to the connecting seat.

[0010] Preferably, mounting plates are fixedly connected to both sides of the rotating plate, third screws are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of both sides of the photovoltaic panel, the third screws penetrate the mounting plates, and third bolts are threadedly connected to the outer sides of the third screws.

[0011] Preferably, a rotating column is provided at the rear of the connecting seat, and the rotating column passes through the connecting seat and is fixedly connected to one end of the screw rod, a hexagonal column is fixedly connected to the rear of the rotating column, and a fixing mechanism is provided at the rear of the connecting seat.

[0012] Preferably, the fixing mechanism includes two groups of slide grooves, and the two groups of slide grooves are opened at the rear part of the connecting seat, long rods are fixedly connected to the two ends of the slide grooves, a sliding block is sleeved on the outside of the long rod, a spring is sleeved on the outside of the long rod, and the two ends of the spring are fixedly connected to one end of the slide groove and one side of the sliding block.

[0013] Preferably, a plurality of positioning grooves are provided on the outer side of the rotating column, and a positioning block is fixedly connected to a side of the sliding block close to the rotating column, and the positioning block is inside the positioning groove.

[0014] The present invention is beneficial in that: 1. The present invention realizes the positioning connection between the corrugated steel plate and the purlin by penetrating the positioning hole at the top of the purlin through the hollow column at the bottom of the corrugated steel plate through the positioning hole at the top of the purlin through the structural design of the mounting mechanism. The galvanized bottom plate at the bottom of the support is placed on the top of the corrugated steel plate, and the first screw is penetrated through the galvanized bottom plate and the hollow column, and the first screw is fixed by the first bolt, that is, the three-in-one fixation of the purlin, the corrugated steel plate and the galvanized bottom plate is completed. In this way, the structure has reasonable force transmission, high support strength, excellent wind resistance, and the waterproof material can be directly Installed at the bottom of the support, when the roofing membrane is replaced, both the heavy-duty support and the flexible support solutions need to remove the support. This support can only replace the waterproof layer, which solves the problem that the spacing of the current steel structure support is limited by the spacing of the steel beams. The bracket on the upper part of the steel structure support uses a large amount of steel. The heavy-duty support bears the force at the bearing plate, and the strength is not high, so more supports need to be set. The flexible support is not connected to the roof structure, and the wind resistance is poor. These connection methods all have the defects of high cost and poor wind resistance. 2. The present invention realizes that rotating the hexagonal column drives the screw to rotate through the structural design of the rotating mechanism, thereby driving the moving block and the first hinged seat to move. As the rotating rod rotates, the rotating plate rotates with the part that is rotatably connected to the connecting seat as the center of the circle, so that the angle of the photovoltaic panel can be adjusted, which solves the problem that the angle of the photovoltaic panel fixed on the top of the current support cannot be changed, and the photovoltaic panel cannot face the midday sun for roofs with different inclination angles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a front three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the installation mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic panel disassembly of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure with a partial enlargement at the center; Figure 5It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the connecting seat of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the top section of the positioning groove of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure with a partial enlargement at point B in the middle.

[0017] In the figure: 1. purlin; 2. corrugated steel plate; 3. support; 4. disc; 5. galvanized bottom plate; 6. positioning hole; 7. positioning hollow column; 8. first screw; 9. first bolt; 10. mounting hole; 11. connecting seat; 12. second screw; 13. second bolt; 14. photovoltaic panel; 15. moving groove; 16. screw rod; 17. moving block; 18. first hinge seat; 19. rotating rod; 20. second hinge seat; 21. rotating plate; 22. mounting plate; 23. third screw; 24. third bolt; 25. rotating column; 26. hexagonal column; 27. slide groove; 28. long rod; 29. ​​slider; 30. spring; 31. positioning groove; 32. positioning block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] See also Figure 1 - Figure 7 As shown, a purlin-fixed photovoltaic support for a single-layer waterproof coiled material roof comprises a plurality of groups of purlins 1, a corrugated steel plate 2 is arranged at the top of the purlin 1, a support 3 is arranged at the top of the corrugated steel plate 2, a disc 4 is fixedly connected to the top of the support 3, a mounting mechanism is arranged at the base of the support 3, the mounting mechanism comprises a galvanized bottom plate 5, the galvanized bottom plate 5 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the support 3, the size of the galvanized bottom plate 5 is adapted to the corrugated steel plate 2, a plurality of groups of positioning holes 6 are arranged at the top of the purlin 1, a plurality of groups of positioning hollow columns 7 are arranged at the bottom of the corrugated steel plate 2, the top of the positioning hollow column 7 penetrates the corrugated steel plate 2, the bottom of the positioning hollow column 7 penetrates the positioning hole 6, a first screw 8 is arranged inside the positioning hollow column 7, the first screw 8 penetrates the galvanized bottom plate 5 and the purlin 1, and a first bolt 9 is threadedly connected to the outer side of the first screw 8; During operation, when installing the support 3, the purlin 1 is fixed to the roof by the roof top beam, and then the positioning hollow column 7 at the bottom end of the corrugated steel plate 2 is aligned with the positioning hole 6 at the top end of the purlin 1, and the positioning hollow column 7 is inserted into the positioning hole 6. At this time, the galvanized bottom plate 5 at the bottom end of the support 3 can be placed in the corresponding position, that is, the overlapping position of the corrugated steel plate 2 and the purlin 1, and a corresponding hole is opened at the top of the galvanized bottom plate 5. The first screw 8 is used to penetrate the galvanized bottom plate 5 and the hollow column, and the first bolt 9 is used to perform a threaded connection with the first screw 8 at the bottom end of the purlin 1, that is, the purlin 1, The corrugated steel sheet 2 and the galvanized base plate 5 are fixed in a trinity, the structural force transmission is reasonable, the support 3 has high strength, and the wind resistance performance is excellent, and the size of the galvanized base plate 5 is compatible with the corrugated steel sheet 2, so the galvanized base plate 5 is in close contact with the corrugated steel sheet 2, and the overall surface is relatively flat. The waterproof material can be directly installed on the bottom of the support 3. The spacing between the supports 3 is 6 meters to 12 meters, and the spacing between the purlins 1 fixing the photovoltaic supports 3 is about 2 meters, which can reduce the amount of steel used in the upper bracket. When the roofing membrane is replaced, both the heavy-duty support 3 and the flexible support 3 schemes require the removal of the support 3. This support 3 only requires the replacement of the waterproof layer.

[0020] Further, such as Figure 4 As shown, the diameter of the disc 4 is 190 cm, and the diameter of the support 3 is 60 cm; When working, the diameter of the disc 4 is 190 cm, and the diameter of the support 3 is 60 cm, which meets the support 3 standard.

[0021] Further, such as Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of mounting holes 10 are provided at the top of the disk 4, a connecting seat 11 is provided at the top of the disk 4, a plurality of second screws 12 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting seat 11, the second screws 12 pass through the mounting holes 10, the second bolts 13 are threadedly connected to the second screws 12, a rotating mechanism is provided at the top of the connecting seat 11, and a photovoltaic panel 14 is provided at the top of the connecting seat 11; During operation, after the support 3 is installed, it is necessary to continue to install the connecting seat 11 on the top of the disc 4 at the top of the support 3, replace the second screw 12 at the bottom of the connecting seat 11 with the mounting hole 10 at the top of the disc 4, and use the second bolt 13 to threadably connect the second screw 12 to fix the connecting seat 11.

[0022] Further, such as Figure 5 As shown, the rotating mechanism includes a moving groove 15, which is opened at the top of the connecting seat 11, and the two ends of the connecting seat 11 are rotatably connected with screws 16, and the outer side of the screw 16 is threadedly connected with a moving block 17, and the top of the moving block 17 is fixedly connected with a first hinge seat 18, the first hinge seat 18 is hinged to one end of a rotating rod 19, and the other end of the rotating rod 19 is hinged to a second hinge seat 20, the second hinge seat 20 is fixedly connected to the rear of a rotating plate 21, and the front of the rotating plate 21 is rotatably connected to the connecting seat 11; During operation, after the photovoltaic panel 14 is connected to the rotating plate 21, in order to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel 14 so that the photovoltaic panel 14 can face the midday sun to achieve maximum solar energy absorption, the hexagonal column 26 can be rotated to drive the screw 16 to rotate, thereby driving the moving block 17 and the first hinged seat 18 to move. As the rotating rod 19 rotates, the rotating plate 21 rotates with the part that is rotatably connected to the connecting seat 11 as the center, so that the angle of the photovoltaic panel 14 can be adjusted.

[0023] Further, such as Figure 5 As shown, the two sides of the rotating plate 21 are fixedly connected with the mounting plates 22, and the bottom ends of the two sides of the photovoltaic panel 14 are fixedly connected with third screws 23, the third screws 23 penetrate the mounting plates 22, and the outer side of the third screws 23 is threadedly connected with the third bolts 24; During operation, the photovoltaic panel 14 and the rotating plate 21 are connected by a third screw 23 at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 14 penetrating the mounting plate 22 , and the third bolt 24 and the third screw 23 are threadedly connected.

[0024] Further, such as Figure 5 As shown, a rotating column 25 is provided at the rear of the connecting seat 11, and the rotating column 25 passes through the connecting seat 11 and is fixedly connected to one end of the screw rod 16, a hexagonal column 26 is fixedly connected to the rear of the rotating column 25, and a fixing mechanism is provided at the rear of the connecting seat 11; During operation, the rotating column 25 can be driven to rotate by rotating the hexagonal column 26 , thereby driving the screw rod 16 to rotate in coordination with the rotating mechanism to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel 14 .

[0025] Further, such as Figure 7 As shown, the fixing mechanism includes two groups of slide grooves 27, and the two groups of slide grooves 27 are opened at the rear of the connecting seat 11, and the two ends of the slide grooves 27 are fixedly connected with long rods 28, and the outer side of the long rod 28 is sleeved with a slider 29, and the outer side of the long rod 28 is sleeved with a spring 30, and the two ends of the spring 30 are fixedly connected with one end of the slide groove 27 and one side of the slider 29; During operation, in order to prevent the adjusted angle of the photovoltaic panel 14 from changing, after the angle adjustment is completed, the slider 29 will always have a tendency to move closer to one end of the rotating column 25 on the long rod 28 under the elastic force of the spring 30, so that the positioning block 32 on one side of the slider 29 enters the positioning groove 31 on the outside of the rotating column 25. At this time, the rotating column 25 and the hexagonal column 26 cannot rotate, that is, the angle of the photovoltaic panel 14 is fixed.

[0026] Further, such as Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, a plurality of positioning grooves 31 are provided on the outer side of the rotating column 25, and a positioning block 32 is fixedly connected to one side of the sliding block 29 close to the rotating column 25, and the positioning block 32 is inside the positioning groove 31; During operation, since the two ends of the photovoltaic panel 14 are connected to the two sets of rotating mechanisms, the two sets of rotating plates 21 that fix the photovoltaic panel 14 need to have the same angle. In order to facilitate the adjustment of the two sets of rotating plates 21 to have the same angle, an even number of symmetrical positioning grooves 31 are opened on the outside of the rotating column 25. Since the angle of the photovoltaic panel 14 needs to be fixed, it is necessary to ensure that the positioning block 32 enters the positioning groove 31 after each rotation of the rotating column 25, so the number of turns of the rotating column 25 each time can be determined. In this way, the number of turns of the two sets of rotating columns 25 can be unified, which can ensure that the angles of the two sets of rotating plates 21 are the same.

[0027] Working principle: when installing the support 3, the purlin 1 is fixed to the roof by the roof top beam, and then the positioning hollow column 7 at the bottom end of the corrugated steel plate 2 is aligned with the positioning hole 6 at the top end of the purlin 1, and the positioning hollow column 7 is inserted into the positioning hole 6. At this time, the galvanized bottom plate 5 at the bottom end of the support 3 can be placed in the corresponding position, that is, the overlapping position of the corrugated steel plate 2 and the purlin 1, and a corresponding hole is opened at the top of the galvanized bottom plate 5. The first screw 8 is used to penetrate the galvanized bottom plate 5 and the hollow column, and the first bolt 9 is used to perform a threaded connection with the first screw 8 at the bottom end of the purlin 1, that is, the trinity fixation of the purlin 1, the corrugated steel plate 2 and the galvanized bottom plate 5 is completed, and the waterproof material can be directly installed at the bottom end of the support 3. The spacing between the supports 3 is 6 meters to 12 meters, and the spacing between the purlin 1 fixing the photovoltaic support 3 is about 2 meters. After the support 3 is installed, it is necessary to continue to fix it at the top of the disc 4 at the top of the support 3. Continue to install the connecting seat 11, replace the second screw 12 at the bottom of the connecting seat 11 with the mounting hole 10 at the top of the disk 4, and use the second bolt 13 to threadably connect the second screw 12 to fix the connecting seat 11. The connection between the photovoltaic panel 14 and the rotating plate 21 is through the third screw 23 at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 14, which passes through the mounting plate 22, and the third bolt 24 is used to threadably connect the third screw 23. When the photovoltaic panel 14 is connected to the rotating plate 21, in order to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel 14 so that the photovoltaic panel 14 can face the midday sun to achieve maximum solar energy absorption, the hexagonal column 26 can be rotated to drive the screw 16 to rotate, thereby driving the moving block 17 and the first hinged seat 18 to move. As the rotating rod 19 rotates, the rotating plate 21 rotates with the part rotatably connected to the connecting seat 11 as the center, so that the angle of the photovoltaic panel 14 can be adjusted.

[0028] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A purlin-fixed photovoltaic support for a single-layer waterproof membrane roof, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of purlins (1), wherein a corrugated steel plate (2) is arranged at the top of the purlin (1), a support (3) is arranged at the top of the corrugated steel plate (2), a disc (4) is fixedly connected to the top of the support (3), a mounting mechanism is arranged at the base of the support (3), and the mounting mechanism comprises a galvanized bottom plate (5), wherein the galvanized bottom plate (5) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support (3), and the size of the galvanized bottom plate (5) is matched with the corrugated steel plate (2), a plurality of positioning holes (6) are arranged at the top of the purlin (1), and a plurality of positioning hollow columns (7) are arranged at the bottom of the corrugated steel plate (2), the top of the positioning hollow column (7) passes through the corrugated steel plate (2), and the bottom of the positioning hollow column (7) passes through the positioning hole (6), a first screw (8) is arranged inside the positioning hollow column (7), the first screw (8) passes through the galvanized bottom plate (5) and the purlin (1), and the outer side of the first screw (8) is threadedly connected to a first bolt (9).

2. The purlin-fixed photovoltaic support for a single-layer waterproof membrane roof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the disc (4) is 190 cm, and the diameter of the support (3) is 60 cm.

3. The purlin-fixed photovoltaic support for a single-layer waterproof membrane roof according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the disk (4) is provided with a plurality of mounting holes (10); the top of the disk (4) is provided with a connecting seat (11); the bottom of the connecting seat (11) is fixedly connected with a plurality of second screws (12); the second screws (12) pass through the mounting holes (10); the second bolts (13) are threadedly connected with the second screws (12); the top of the connecting seat (11) is provided with a rotating mechanism; and the top of the connecting seat (11) is provided with a photovoltaic panel (14).

4. The purlin-fixed photovoltaic support for a single-layer waterproof membrane roof according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism comprises a moving groove (15), wherein the moving groove (15) is formed at the top of the connecting seat (11), the connecting seat (11) has screw rods (16) at both ends thereof rotatably connected thereto, the screw rods (16) are threadedly connected to a moving block (17) on the outer side thereof, the moving block (17) is fixedly connected to a first hinge seat (18) at the top thereof, the first hinge seat (18) is hingedly connected to one end of a rotating rod (19), the other end of the rotating rod (19) is hingedly connected to a second hinge seat (20), the second hinge seat (20) is fixedly connected to the rear portion of a rotating plate (21), and the front portion of the rotating plate (21) is rotatably connected to the connecting seat (11).

5. The purlin-fixed photovoltaic support for a single-layer waterproof membrane roof according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotating plate (21) is fixedly connected to mounting plates (22) on both sides, and the photovoltaic panel (14) is fixedly connected to third screws (23) at the bottom ends on both sides. The third screws (23) penetrate the mounting plates (22), and the outer sides of the third screws (23) are threadedly connected to third bolts (24).

6. The purlin-fixed photovoltaic support for a single-layer waterproof membrane roof according to claim 5, characterized in that: A rotating column (25) is provided at the rear of the connecting seat (11), and the rotating column (25) passes through the connecting seat (11) and is fixedly connected to one end of the screw rod (16). A hexagonal column (26) is fixedly connected to the rear of the rotating column (25), and a fixing mechanism is provided at the rear of the connecting seat (11).

7. The purlin-fixed photovoltaic support for a single-layer waterproof membrane roof according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fixing mechanism comprises two groups of slide grooves (27), and the two groups of slide grooves (27) are arranged at the rear of the connecting seat (11), and the two ends of the slide grooves (27) are fixedly connected to long rods (28), and the outer side of the long rod (28) is sleeved with a sliding block (29), and the outer side of the long rod (28) is sleeved with a spring (30), and the two ends of the spring (30) are fixedly connected to one end of the slide groove (27) and one side of the sliding block (29).

8. The purlin-fixed photovoltaic support for a single-layer waterproof membrane roof according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of groups of positioning grooves (31) are provided on the outer side of the rotating column (25); a positioning block (32) is fixedly connected to one side of the sliding block (29) close to the rotating column (25); and the positioning block (32) is inside the positioning groove (31).

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