Photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization, in particular to a photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system and application thereof.The photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system comprises a photo-thermal reflecting mirror, a semitransparent photovoltaic cell and a telescopic adjusting mechanism, one or more vertexes of the photo-thermal reflecting mirror are rotationally connected with the semitransparent photovoltaic cell through the telescopic adjusting mechanism, and the semitransparent photovoltaic cell is connected with the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell through the telescopic adjusting mechanism; and the adjusting range of the included angle between the photo-thermal reflecting mirror and the semitransparent photovoltaic cell is 0-270 degrees. According to the photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system, the relative position and angle of the photovoltaic cell and the photo-thermal reflector can be adjusted according to meteorological data, intelligent operation and maintenance data, sunlight intensity and solar azimuth information, so that sunlight enters the semitransparent photovoltaic cell at the optimal angle, and the photovoltaic conversion efficiency is maximized; and meanwhile, it is ensured that the photo-thermal reflector is located at the optimal reflection angle, so that the photo-thermal conversion efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization, and in particular to a photovoltaic-thermal coupling system and applications thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid growth of energy demand and the increasing pressure on environmental protection worldwide, promoting the research and development and application of clean energy technology has become the core direction of energy strategic transformation in various countries. Among the many clean energy options, solar energy is regarded as an indispensable pillar in the future energy structure due to its almost unlimited resource reserves and significant environmental advantages. Although photovoltaic technology and solar thermal technology have made significant progress, the existing solar energy utilization system still generally has key problems such as low efficiency and poor environmental adaptability. These bottlenecks have seriously hindered the large-scale commercial promotion and in-depth application of solar energy technology.

[0003] Traditionally, photovoltaic power generation systems and photothermal conversion systems are two independent ways of utilizing solar energy, each showing different characteristics in energy conversion. However, due to the failure of the two to work together effectively, the overall energy utilization efficiency is far from the theoretical optimal level. In order to overcome this limitation, the photovoltaic-photothermal coupling system came into being. The system innovatively combines photovoltaic cells and photothermal collectors to achieve the dual functions of photovoltaic and photothermal conversion, thus theoretically having higher energy utilization efficiency and wider application potential.

[0004] However, the photovoltaic-thermal coupling system still faces a series of challenges in its practical application. First, the efficiency of the system's light energy utilization is significantly affected by the angle of solar radiation. The traditional fixed or simple adjustable structural design cannot accurately track the trajectory of the sun's movement, causing the incident angle of the photovoltaic cell to often deviate from the optimal state, thereby causing a decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency. At the same time, the light energy that is not effectively utilized by the photovoltaic cell is also difficult to be efficiently converted into heat energy by the photothermal collector unit, thus affecting the overall efficiency of the system.

[0005] Secondly, the complex and ever-changing geographical and climatic environment poses a severe challenge to the adaptability of photovoltaic-thermal coupling systems. In areas with high altitudes and strong winds, the system may face the problem of insufficient stability; and in environments with changeable or cloudy weather, the system is difficult to effectively capture and utilize scattered light, further reducing the utilization rate of solar energy. In addition, systems exposed to the outdoors for a long time are also susceptible to adverse factors such as dust deposition, pollutant adhesion, and environmental corrosion, which not only increases the system's operation and maintenance costs, but also poses a serious threat to its long-term reliability and service life.

[0006] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic-thermal coupling system and its application. The photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention can adjust the relative position and angle of photovoltaic cells and thermal reflectors according to meteorological data, intelligent operation and maintenance data, sunshine intensity and solar azimuth information, so that sunlight is incident on the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells at the optimal angle, maximizing the photovoltaic conversion efficiency, and at the same time ensuring that the thermal reflector is at the optimal reflection angle to improve the thermal conversion efficiency.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, comprising a photothermal reflector, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and a retractable adjustment mechanism, wherein one or more vertices of the photothermal reflector are rotatably connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell via the retractable adjustment mechanism, and the angle between the photothermal reflector and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell has an adjustment range of 0°-270°.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, it further comprises a telescopic adjustable column, one end of which is rotatably connected to the foundation, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the photothermal reflector.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, a control mechanism is further included, which is arranged inside the telescopic adjustable column and is used to adjust the rotation or extension of the telescopic adjustable mechanism and the telescopic adjustable column to achieve the adjustment of the height and tilt angle of the photovoltaic thermal coupling system, as well as the adjustment of the angle and relative distance between the thermal reflector and the translucent photovoltaic cell in the horizontal and vertical dimensions.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the retractable adjustable mechanism includes one or more retractable adjustable arms and multiple connecting parts, the retractable adjustable arms at any end are rotatably connected to the photothermal reflector or the translucent photovoltaic cell through the connecting parts, and adjacent retractable adjustable arms are rotatably connected through the connecting parts.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, a flexible buffer layer is provided at the connection between the connecting member and the photothermal reflector and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the connecting piece is a ball joint connector, a rotary connector or an elastic connector.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the telescopic adjustable column comprises a telescopic column body and a joint connector rotatably arranged at one end or both ends of the telescopic column body;

[0015] One end of the telescopic column body is rotatably connected to the photothermal reflector through one of the joint connectors, and the other end is rotatably connected to the foundation through another of the joint connectors;

[0016] Or any end of the telescopic column body is rotatably connected to the photothermal reflector or the foundation through the joint connector.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the telescopic adjustable arm and the telescopic column body are both provided with self-lubricating telescopic guide rails.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the control mechanism includes a microprocessor, a light sensor, an angle sensor, a position sensor, a tilt sensor, a sunlight intensity sensor, an electric drive device and a power supply device.

[0019] Wherein, the light sensor, the angle sensor, the position sensor, the tilt sensor and the sunlight intensity sensor are used to collect status data of the environment and the photovoltaic-thermal coupling system;

[0020] The microprocessor is used to analyze and process the data collected by the light sensor, the angle sensor, the position sensor, the tilt sensor and the sunlight intensity sensor, and calculate the optimal angle and distance between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the sunlight, as well as the optimal height and tilt angle of the photovoltaic thermal coupling system, and finally send an execution instruction to the electric drive device;

[0021] The electric drive device is used to control the telescopic adjustment mechanism and the telescopic adjustment column to complete telescoping or rotation;

[0022] The power supply device is used to provide power for the microprocessor, the light sensor, the angle sensor, the position sensor, the tilt sensor, the sunlight intensity sensor and the electric drive device.

[0023] In the second aspect, the present invention also discloses the application of the above-mentioned photovoltaic thermal coupling system in a solar thermal power station. The structure can be applicable to various solar thermal reflectors such as trough type and plane type. The solar thermal power station includes a tower solar thermal power station, a trough solar thermal power station, a dish solar thermal power station and a Fresnel solar thermal power station.

[0024] The photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention includes a photothermal reflector, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and a retractable adjustment mechanism, wherein one end or both ends of the photothermal reflector are rotatably connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell through the retractable adjustment mechanism, that is, one end of the photothermal reflector is rotatably connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell through the retractable adjustment mechanism, and the other end is directly rotatably connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, or both ends of the photothermal reflector are rotatably connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell through the retractable adjustment mechanism. Therefore, the photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention can adjust the relative position and angle of the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector according to meteorological data, intelligent operation and maintenance data, sunshine intensity and solar azimuth information, so as to adapt to different sunshine conditions, so that sunlight is incident on the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell at the optimal angle, maximize the photovoltaic conversion efficiency, and at the same time ensure that the photothermal reflector is at the optimal reflection angle to improve the photothermal conversion efficiency. Among them, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is responsible for photoelectric conversion, directly converting sunlight into electrical energy, while the photothermal reflector reflects the infrared light that passes through the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell to the collector for photothermal conversion. By designing the combined structure of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector, the multi-band utilization of solar energy can be realized.

[0026] 2. The retractable adjustment mechanism of the present invention can adjust the angle between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector within a range of 0°-270°, significantly improving the utilization efficiency of solar energy in both photovoltaic and photothermal fields, and has high adaptability, wind resistance and long-term stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 The structure of the photovoltaic thermal coupling system of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 2 The structure of the photovoltaic thermal coupling system of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the telescopic adjustment mechanism of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the elastic connector of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the spring-loaded quick connector of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the telescopic adjustable column of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 It is a control principle diagram of the control mechanism of the present invention.

[0035] Description of reference numerals:

[0036] 1: Photothermal reflector; 2: Translucent photovoltaic cell; 3: Retractable adjustment mechanism; 4: Retractable adjustment column; 5: Collector; 6: Retractable adjustment arm; 7: Telescopic guide rail; 8: Buckle; 9: Connector; 10: Retractable column body; 11: Joint connector; 12: High elastic material; 13: Metal reinforcement frame; 14: Spring; 15: Movable end; 16: Fixed end; 17: Ball joint; 18: Limiter; 19: Locking button; 20: Adaptive spherical seat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0039] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] like Figure 1-5 As shown, this embodiment provides a photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, including a photothermal reflector 1, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and a retractable adjustment mechanism 3, one or more vertices of the photothermal reflector 1 are rotatably connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 through the retractable adjustment mechanism 3, and the angle between the photothermal reflector 1 and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is adjusted in the range of 0°-270°.

[0042] The photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention comprises a photothermal reflector 1, a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and a retractable adjustment mechanism 3, wherein one end or both ends of the photothermal reflector 1 are rotationally connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 through the retractable adjustment mechanism 3, that is, one end of the photothermal reflector 1 is rotationally connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 through the retractable adjustment mechanism 3, and the other end is directly rotationally connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, or both ends of the photothermal reflector 1 are rotationally connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 through the retractable adjustment mechanism 3. Therefore, the photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention can adjust the relative position and angle of the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 1 according to meteorological data, intelligent operation and maintenance data, sunshine intensity and solar azimuth information, so as to adapt to different sunshine conditions, so that sunlight is incident on the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 at the optimal angle, maximize the photovoltaic conversion efficiency, and at the same time ensure that the photothermal reflector 1 is at the optimal reflection angle to improve the photothermal conversion efficiency. Among them, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 is responsible for photoelectric conversion, directly converting sunlight into electrical energy, while the photothermal reflector 1 reflects the infrared light passing through the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 to the collector 5 for photothermal conversion. By designing the combined structure of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1, multi-band utilization of solar energy can be achieved.

[0043] Specifically, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 in this embodiment includes a substrate layer, a first transparent electrode, a first transmission layer, a light absorption layer, a second transmission layer, a second transparent electrode, an encapsulation layer and an anti-reflection layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top, wherein one or more interface modification layers may be further selected between the substrate layer and the first transparent electrode, between the first transparent electrode and the first transmission layer, between the first transmission layer and the light absorption layer, between the light absorption layer and the second transmission layer, and between the second transmission layer and the second transparent electrode; and the light absorption layer may be a perovskite material, a dye-sensitized material, an organic material, a quantum dot material, etc.; the materials of each layer and their preparation methods may refer to the prior art, and the present invention will not repeat them.

[0044] Further preferably, in order to improve the long-term stability and weather resistance of the system, a self-cleaning nano coating is added to the surface of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1. The coating decomposes pollutants through photocatalysis, reduces dust adhesion, and has waterproof and anti-corrosion functions, adapting to long-term harsh outdoor environments. This design not only reduces the frequency of manual cleaning and maintenance costs, but also extends the service life of the system.

[0045] Specifically, the photothermal reflector 1 in this embodiment includes anti-corrosion encapsulation paint (one or more of topcoat / midcoat / primer), copper or silver or both, glass and anti-reflection layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top, including all types of photothermal reflectors 1 on the market.

[0046] The photothermal reflector 1 is closely attached to the bottom of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 layer, and the infrared light transmitted by the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 layer is reflected directionally to the heat collecting device through the photothermal reflector 1 to realize photothermal utilization.

[0047] Further preferably, the photothermal reflector 1 adopts multi-layer optical coating technology to achieve selective reflection and transmission of photons in specific bands. In addition, a highly reflective coating in the infrared band is designed on the surface of the photothermal reflector 1 to optimize photothermal conversion. At the same time, the photothermal reflector 1 also uses nanoparticle distribution technology to enable the mirror surface to achieve high reflectivity at different angles of incidence, thereby achieving effective collection and utilization of sunlight. Finally, the material of the photothermal reflector 1 is treated with an anti-oxidation and dustproof coating to further improve its durability and long-term reflection efficiency.

[0048] On the basis of the above technical solution, it is further preferred that the retractable adjustable mechanism 3 of the present invention includes one or more retractable adjustable arms 6 and multiple connecting parts 9, the retractable adjustable arms 6 at any end are rotatably connected to the photothermal reflector 1 or the translucent photovoltaic cell 2 through the connecting part 9, and adjacent retractable adjustable arms 6 are rotatably connected through the connecting part 9.

[0049] The specific form of the telescopic adjustable arm 6 can be designed into various types according to application requirements and structural characteristics. Several connection methods include the following:

[0050] 1. Casing connection ( Figure 3 Structure shown):

[0051] The telescopic rod with a smaller diameter is inserted into the outer sleeve with a larger diameter to achieve telescopic extension. The rods are guided by telescopic guide rails 7 or sliders, and a locking mechanism (such as a spring pin, a rotating buckle or a threaded lock) is provided to fix the telescopic length. This method has a simple structure, is easy to install and disassemble, and is suitable for light load scenarios.

[0052] 2. Rack and pinion connection:

[0053] One end of the telescopic rod is designed as a rack structure, which meshes with the gear at the driving end. The rotation of the gear drives the rack to move axially, thereby realizing the extension and retraction of the rod. This method has high transmission accuracy and is suitable for scenes that require precise adjustment.

[0054] 3. Threaded transmission connection:

[0055] The telescopic rod is designed as a combination of a screw and a nut. The screw moves back and forth in the nut by rotating to achieve telescopic adjustment. The drive method can be manual (via a knob or wrench) or electric (via a motor). This method is suitable for a stable connection under high load conditions, but the telescopic speed is slow.

[0056] 4.Snap-on quick connection:

[0057] The joint of the telescopic rod is designed with a spring-loaded buckle or locking pin, which automatically locks into the locked position through the elastic claw. When adjusting, just press the release button to release the lock and extend and retract freely. This method is convenient and efficient, and is suitable for scenes with frequent adjustments.

[0058] 5. Pneumatic / hydraulic drive connection:

[0059] The air cylinder or hydraulic cylinder is integrated inside the telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod is automatically adjusted by the change of air pressure or hydraulic pressure. This method is suitable for high-precision and large torque adjustment scenarios, has a self-locking function and runs smoothly, but requires external air source or hydraulic system support.

[0060] 6. Magnetic connection:

[0061] A strong magnet or electromagnetic device is installed at the joint of the telescopic rod to achieve connection and adjustment between the rods through magnetic adsorption. It is suitable for scenes with lighter loads and no need for frequent disassembly and assembly, and the operation is extremely simple.

[0062] 7. Pin-type hinge connection:

[0063] The pin at the end of the telescopic adjustable arm 6 is hinged with the external bracket or base to achieve free rotation and telescopic adjustment of the fixed point. This method is commonly used in the telescopic adjustable arm 6 structure that requires angle adjustment.

[0064] The connector 9 is a ball joint connector, a rotary connector or an elastic connector. The ball joint 17 or multi-directional rotary connector can provide angle adjustment function in multiple dimensions.

[0065] The ball joint connector consists of a ball nested in a fixed frame, allowing free rotation in the horizontal and vertical directions, and fixing the angle through a locking device (such as thread locking or snap);

[0066] Multi-directional rotary connectors include a two-axis or three-axis rotary structure that provides angular adjustment capabilities through gears or racks.

[0067] Elastic connectors are made of high-strength elastic materials (such as silicone, polyurethane) combined with corrosion-resistant metals (such as stainless steel or aluminum alloy), which can solve the connection stress problem caused by thermal expansion of materials under high temperature conditions.

[0068] Specifically, Figure 4 As shown, the elastic connector body is a double-layer design, the outer layer is a highly elastic material 12, and the inner layer is a metal reinforcement frame 13, which ensures both elasticity and strength. The part of the elastic connector connected to the photovoltaic cell or the photothermal reflector 1 is fixed by bolts or buckles 8, wherein the bolt material is selected from a corrosion-resistant titanium alloy or stainless steel, and an insulating gasket is provided to prevent electrochemical corrosion. The buckle 8 can be connected by an adjustable buckle to achieve rapid disassembly and assembly. In addition, a ball joint 17 or a universal joint structure is also provided at both ends of the elastic connector, and a movable end 15 and a fixed end 16 are respectively provided on the outer side of the ball joint 17 or the universal joint structure, thereby enabling the elastic connector to have a certain degree of freedom at a certain angle in the three-dimensional direction (for example, ±15°). The movable end 15 is also coated with a highly elastic material 12 on the outside to absorb environmental vibration and external force impact, and a shock-absorbing spring 14 or a rubber pad is embedded inside to absorb the impact force of the system in wind load or mechanical action to extend the service life. A limiter 18 is also provided outside the elastic range of the elastic connector to prevent exceeding the safe range of motion and causing damage to the system. During the operation of the system, the elastic connector allows relative displacement between the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 1 through its elastic material and ball joint structure to adapt to thermal expansion and contraction as well as wind load and mechanical vibration.

[0069] The connecting member 9 is preferably made of a material with excellent weather resistance, corrosion resistance and strength to ensure stability during long-term use, specifically including aluminum alloy, stainless steel, composite materials (such as glass fiber reinforced plastic), etc.

[0070] The present invention does not strictly limit the specific connection method between the connector 9 and the photothermal reflector 1 or the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, and the following methods can be used:

[0071] Slot connection: A slot is designed on the photovoltaic cell backplane to cooperate with the buckle 8 at the end of the connector. The length of the slot can be adjusted by sliding to achieve flexible adjustment of the relative position of the photovoltaic cell, and finally fixed with screws or locking devices.

[0072] Magnetic connection: Strong magnetic material is embedded in the connection part between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1, and the connection and disassembly are quickly carried out by magnetic attraction, which is convenient for maintenance.

[0073] Bolt-fixed connection: The translucent photovoltaic cell 2 is fixed to the connector 9 by bolts, and the bolt position can be adjusted to achieve different angles. At this time, an adjustment gasket can be added to enhance the adjustment range and firmness.

[0074] Spring-loaded quick connection: A spring mechanism is installed inside the connector 9 to provide resettable adjustment capability. The angle is adjusted by rotating or pressing, and the spring 14 is automatically locked after resetting.

[0075] The spring-loaded quick connector has self-locking and quick disassembly functions, which not only provides a high-strength connection, but also combines flexibility and convenience. It is particularly suitable for scenarios that require frequent adjustment or replacement of components.

[0076] like Figure 5 As shown, the main structure of the spring-loaded quick connector is made of corrosion-resistant high-strength metal (such as stainless steel or titanium alloy) and high-performance engineering plastic (such as polyamide). Its main body is a cylindrical or clamping structure, consisting of a fixed end 16 and a movable end 15.

[0077] The spring loading mechanism of the spring loaded quick connector is located inside the spring loaded quick connector, and specifically a compression spring or a disc spring can be used, and tight locking can be achieved through the axial force of the spring 14. The spring 14 is generally made of a material with excellent high temperature resistance and fatigue resistance (such as alloy steel or stainless steel).

[0078] The quick locking device of the spring-loaded quick connector includes a snap mechanism, a locking button 19 and a locking status indication module, wherein the snap mechanism is arranged at both ends of the spring-loaded quick connector, and is used to connect with the photovoltaic cell module and the photothermal reflector 1, such as a snap 8 or a sliding lock sheet; the locking button 19 activates the snap 8 by pressing or rotating to release or lock the connector; the locking status indication module: an integrated mechanical or visual indicator (such as a red and green mark) is used to display the connection status.

[0079] The adaptive alignment device of the spring-loaded quick connector includes a guide groove or a guide pin and an adaptive spherical seat 20, wherein the guide groove or the guide pin ensures accurate position alignment during connection to reduce errors; an adaptive spherical structure is added to the connection end to further improve the angle adjustment capability (usually in the range of ±5° to ±10°).

[0080] Connection process of spring loaded quick connector:

[0081] 1. Align the interface: align the connection position of the photovoltaic cell module and the photothermal reflector 1 through the guide pins or guide grooves;

[0082] 2. Insertion and loading: After inserting the connection end, the compression spring is loaded to generate a locking force, tightly combining the two parts;

[0083] 3. Locking buckle: The spring pushes the buckle or locking plate into the locking groove to complete the fixation.

[0084] On the basis of the above technical solution, a flexible buffer layer, such as rubber, silicone gasket or polyurethane foam, is further provided at the connection between the connector 9 and the photothermal reflector 1 and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, which can effectively reduce the influence of mechanical vibration and thermal expansion stress on the connection. The gap at the connection needs to be further filled with sealant to prevent rain or dust from entering.

[0085] In addition, the retractable adjustment mechanism 3 of the present invention includes one or more retractable adjustment arms 6 and multiple connectors 9. The modular design can adapt to photovoltaic thermal coupling systems of different sizes and forms, which is convenient for large-scale promotion and integrated installation of the system. One or more adjustment arms are set at a single vertex, two vertices, four vertices or multiple vertices, which can adjust the position and angle of the photovoltaic layer in both vertical and horizontal directions, that is, the retractable adjustment arm 6 and the connector 9 provide multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment for the translucent photovoltaic cell 2, so it can adapt to different geographical locations and climatic conditions to achieve optimal energy utilization efficiency. In addition, the power source for driving the retractable adjustment arm 6 to retract can be a battery or a cable, and it is best to directly use the translucent photovoltaic cell 2 for power supply.

[0086] The telescopic adjustable arm 6 in this embodiment is provided with a self-lubricating telescopic guide rail 7, and the telescopic guide rail 7 is driven to be extended and retracted by an electric drive device. This driving method has low energy consumption and has a self-diagnosis function, which can monitor the working status of the adjustable arm and automatically alarm or adjust when an abnormality occurs.

[0087] In this embodiment, the self-diagnosis function of the self-lubricating telescopic guide rail 7 is realized by integrating a variety of high-precision sensors and intelligent control modules. Position sensors, torque sensors, vibration sensors and temperature sensors are arranged at key positions of the telescopic adjustable arm 6 to monitor the telescopic position, stress conditions, operating vibration status and temperature changes of the drive device of the telescopic guide rail 7 in real time. After all sensor data are collected by the embedded controller, they are analyzed in combination with baseline modeling and anomaly detection algorithms to determine whether the operating status is normal. Based on machine learning and statistical models, the control mechanism can accurately identify deviations that occur during operation, such as guide rail jamming, torque overload, abnormal vibration or temperature abnormality. At the same time, the system transmits status data to the central monitoring system through wireless communication, which is convenient for operation and maintenance personnel to check the equipment status at any time.

[0088] In order to improve the safety and intelligence level, the system also integrates automatic alarm and adjustment functions. When the controller detects that the deviation exceeds the set threshold, it will remind the operation and maintenance personnel through sound and light signals or the network, and generate the optimal adjustment strategy in combination with intelligent algorithms. The telescopic guide rail 7 adjustment arm automatically returns to normal operating state through the built-in electric drive device. If the adjustment cannot be completed, the emergency stop mechanism is triggered to avoid further damage. Through these technical solutions, the present invention can greatly improve the operating reliability and maintenance efficiency of the telescopic guide rail 7 adjustment arm, and ensure the stability and efficiency of the photovoltaic thermal system in long-term use.

[0089] The material of the telescopic adjustable arm 6 needs to have multiple characteristics, including light weight, corrosion resistance, high strength, good weather resistance and good guiding performance. Specifically, they include the following:

[0090] Aluminum alloy: The material is lightweight, corrosion-resistant, high-strength and has good processing performance. It can effectively reduce the weight of the system and improve the stability of the telescopic arm.

[0091] Stainless steel: It has excellent corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, and can maintain good performance for a long time in harsh environments (such as high temperature, high humidity, salt spray, etc.).

[0092] Carbon fiber composite materials: have very high strength and rigidity, and are extremely light, can provide very good mechanical properties, and are also highly resistant to corrosion, making them suitable for use in outdoor environments.

[0093] Titanium alloy: It has excellent corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, and high strength, making it suitable for use in extreme environments.

[0094] Glass fiber reinforced plastic: It has high strength and rigidity, is corrosion-resistant, lightweight and relatively low cost.

[0095] Polycarbonate: It has excellent toughness, impact resistance and weather resistance, and has high transparency (if necessary), which also has advantages in some applications that require transparency.

[0096] High-strength plastics: such as polyamide or polyethylene. These plastics have high impact resistance and strength, and can be modified to improve their temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. They are suitable for applications with medium and low strength requirements.

[0097] According to the design requirements and working environment of the telescopic adjustable arm 6, the selection of materials can focus on light weight (aluminum alloy, carbon fiber composite material), high strength (titanium alloy, stainless steel), corrosion resistance (stainless steel, titanium alloy) or cost-effectiveness (polycarbonate, polyethylene). Selecting the right material can optimize the performance of the system and ensure long-term stable operation.

[0098] On the basis of the above technical solution, further preferably, the photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention further includes a telescopic adjustable column 4 , wherein one end of the telescopic adjustable column 4 is rotatably connected to the foundation, and the other end is rotatably connected to the photothermal reflector 1 .

[0099] The telescopic adjustable column 4 uses steel as the main frame material, and is covered with a weather-resistant coating on the surface, which has wind and corrosion resistance. The bottom of the column is embedded in a concrete base to enhance stability. It is located at the bottom of the entire system, supporting the photothermal reflector 1 and the telescopic adjustment mechanism 3, and providing fixed support for the entire system. Specifically, the top of the telescopic adjustable column 4 is connected to the bracket of the photothermal reflector 1, and the bottom is connected to the foundation by bolts.

[0100] The retractable adjustable column 4 has bidirectional telescopic and rotational adjustment functions. It can cooperate with the retractable adjustment mechanism 3 between the photothermal reflector 1 and the translucent photovoltaic cell 2 through the information fed back by the operation and maintenance system to jointly adjust the distance and inclination angle between the photovoltaic-thermal coupling system and the ground, thereby realizing all-round intelligent adjustment of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, thereby significantly improving the energy utilization efficiency of sunlight.

[0101] In addition, the arrangement of the telescopic adjustable column 4 of the present invention also improves the adaptability of the photovoltaic thermal coupling system on complex terrain. The telescopic adjustable column 4 can adjust its height and tilt angle according to the change of ground height to ensure the smooth arrangement of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1. For example, for terrain with large ups and downs such as mountains and sand dunes, the telescopic adjustable column 4 can adjust the height of the photovoltaic thermal coupling system in real time to avoid the influence of the terrain on the system performance and ensure that the illumination angle and energy collection efficiency are not affected by the terrain. Therefore, the system is flexible and efficient when applied to different application scenarios such as building roofs and industrial sites.

[0102] Specifically, the telescopic adjustable column 4 in this embodiment includes a telescopic column body 10 and a joint connector 11 rotatably arranged at one end or both ends of the telescopic column body 10; wherein, one end of the telescopic column body 10 is rotatably connected to the photothermal reflector 1 through a joint connector 11, and the other end is rotatably connected to the foundation through another joint connector 11; or either end of the telescopic column body 10 is rotatably connected to the photothermal reflector 1 or the foundation through the joint connector 11.

[0103] In addition, the photothermal reflector 1 can also be fixed on the telescopic adjustable column 4 by means of adhesives, bolts, mortise and tenon joints, snaps, etc., and cooperate with the telescopic adjustable mechanism 3 to adjust the reflection angle in real time.

[0104] Among them, the telescopic column body 10 and the joint connector 11 can realize the adjustment of the telescopic column 4 in the horizontal and vertical directions through electric drive or hydraulic drive device or manual mode, and the telescopic column body 10 is also provided with a self-lubricating telescopic guide rail 7, so as to realize the adjustment of the height and tilt angle of the photovoltaic thermal coupling system. In this way, the photothermal reflector 1 and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 can flexibly adjust their distance relative to the ground, thereby ensuring that the photovoltaic thermal coupling system can maintain the best energy collection position under different sunlight angles, weather conditions and terrain height changes.

[0105] like Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the core component of the telescopic adjustable arm 6 is a self-lubricating telescopic guide rail 7, which is designed to be located in the central channel of the adjusting arm and arranged along the length direction of the adjusting arm to ensure that the telescopic column body 10 remains stable and smooth during the telescopic process.

[0106] The self-lubricating telescopic guide rail 7 is installed inside the telescopic column body 10 and fixed to the main frame of the telescopic column body 10 through the guide rail base. The guide rail groove extends along the adjustment direction and runs through the entire telescopic area. A self-lubricating pad made of a polymer material (such as polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE or polyimide PI) is embedded in the guide rail groove. The pad is in close contact with the guide rail slider, reducing friction and avoiding wear problems caused by direct metal contact. The guide rail slider is connected to the external telescopic component through a connecting mechanism (such as a bolt or a slot structure), so that the telescopic guide rail 7 can drive the length change of the entire telescopic column body 10.

[0107] To further improve the service life and reliability, the surface of the guide rail base is treated with anti-corrosion, such as anodized aluminum or stainless steel, to ensure that it can resist erosion under adverse weather conditions in outdoor environments. In addition, the output shaft of the electric drive device is connected to the guide rail slider through a transmission component (such as a ball screw or gear transmission), and the overall structure of the transmission component and the telescopic guide rail 7 is compact, which not only reduces energy consumption but also facilitates maintenance.

[0108] On the basis of the above technical solution, it further includes a control mechanism, which is arranged inside the telescopic adjustable column 4 and is used to adjust the rotation or extension of the telescopic adjustable mechanism 3 and the telescopic adjustable column 4 to achieve the adjustment of the height and tilt angle of the photovoltaic thermal coupling system, as well as the adjustment of the angle and relative distance between the photothermal reflector 1 and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 in the horizontal and vertical dimensions.

[0109] The retractable adjustable column 4 and the retractable adjustable mechanism 3 above can work together under the control of the control mechanism. Specifically, by integrating weather forecasts, sunshine monitoring data, wind force, temperature and humidity and other environmental parameters, the control mechanism will calculate the optimal installation height and angle in real time according to the solar azimuth and meteorological conditions. When the sunshine angle changes, the control mechanism can adjust the height of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling system by adjusting the height of the retractable adjustable column 4, so that the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1 are at the optimal irradiation angle, thereby ensuring that sunlight is incident on the surface of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 at the optimal angle, and ensuring that the photothermal reflector 1 achieves the best reflection effect, maximizing the comprehensive conversion efficiency of photovoltaic and photothermal.

[0110] In addition, the arrangement of the telescopic adjustable column 4 and the control mechanism of the present invention not only improves the spatial adjustment freedom of the photovoltaic thermal coupling system, but also gives the photovoltaic thermal coupling system the ability to adapt to environmental changes. Specifically, the control mechanism can automatically collect and analyze operating data to predict environmental change trends, so as to adjust the height and tilt angle of the telescopic adjustable column 4 in advance. For example, in the upcoming strong winds or extreme weather, the telescopic adjustable column 4 will automatically lower the system height to reduce the impact of wind and ensure the safety of the equipment; and when the weather improves and the sunshine increases, the system will return to the optimal position to ensure stable energy output. At the same time, the adaptive adjustment of the telescopic adjustable column 4 can gradually optimize the adjustment strategy according to the long-term operation data of the equipment, and continuously improve the efficiency and stability of the system.

[0111] Therefore, the present invention can realize all-round intelligent adjustment of the system through the coordinated work of the telescopic adjustable column 4 and the upper telescopic adjustable mechanism 3, greatly improving the application potential of the system in complex environments, and creating a new model for intelligent, refined and efficient photovoltaic-thermal coupling systems. Among them, the telescopic adjustable column 4 not only provides dynamic height and angle adjustment support for the photovoltaic-thermal structure, but also can further optimize the overall energy utilization rate with the support of data collected by the control mechanism.

[0112] On the basis of the above technical solution, further preferably, the control mechanism includes a microprocessor, a light sensor, an angle sensor, a position sensor, a tilt sensor, a sunlight intensity sensor, an electric drive device and a power supply device;

[0113] Among them, light sensors, angle sensors, position sensors, tilt sensors and sunlight intensity sensors are used to collect status data of the environment and photovoltaic-thermal coupling system;

[0114] The microprocessor is used to analyze and process the data collected by the light sensor, the angle sensor, the position sensor, the tilt sensor and the sunlight intensity sensor, and calculate the optimal angle and distance between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the sunlight, as well as the optimal height and tilt angle of the photovoltaic thermal coupling system, and finally send an execution instruction to the electric drive device;

[0115] The electric drive device is used to control the telescopic adjustment mechanism 3 and the telescopic adjustment column 4 to complete the telescopic or rotation;

[0116] The power supply device is used to provide power to the microprocessor, the light sensor, the angle sensor, the position sensor, the inclination sensor, the sunlight intensity sensor and the electric drive device.

[0117] Specifically, the microprocessor is arranged in the control box, which is usually fixed in the system base or the bottom structure of the photothermal reflector 1, and has dustproof and waterproof functions. It is connected with each sensor and the electric drive device through a signal line to receive data and send control instructions.

[0118] The light sensor is arranged at the frame or center of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2, or the frame or center of the photothermal reflector 1, to monitor the intensity and direction of sunlight. It is connected to the microprocessor through a signal line to transmit the light intensity and direction data to the microprocessor in real time.

[0119] An angle sensor is installed at the rotation connection part of the telescopic adjustment arm 6 and the telescopic column to monitor the rotation angle of these components in real time. The angle data is transmitted to the microprocessor through a signal line as a basis for angle adjustment.

[0120] The position sensor is arranged inside the telescopic guide rail 7 of the telescopic adjustable column 4 or the telescopic adjustable arm 6 to monitor the telescopic displacement of the telescopic adjustable column 4 and the telescopic adjustable arm 6. It is connected to the microprocessor through a signal line to provide telescopic distance information.

[0121] The tilt sensor is installed on the back structure of the photothermal reflector 1 and the central support frame of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 to detect the tilt angle. The tilt data is transmitted to the microprocessor through the signal line to assist in adjusting the optimal tilt angle of the photothermal reflector 1 and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2.

[0122] The sunlight intensity sensor is arranged around the photovoltaic cell or on the photothermal reflector 1 to monitor the sunlight intensity distribution in the area. The sunlight intensity data is transmitted to the microprocessor as the environmental parameter for system adjustment.

[0123] The electric drive device is respectively arranged inside the driving components of the telescopic adjustable column 4 and the telescopic adjustable arm 6, and is used to realize the rotation or extension of the components. It is connected to the microprocessor through a control cable, receives an adjustment signal, and performs the extension or rotation action.

[0124] The power supply device is installed at the base or in an independent location nearby, which may include a battery pack or directly use photovoltaic cells to provide energy for the microprocessor, sensors and electric drive devices to ensure the normal operation of the system.

[0125] The height and tilt angle adjustment principle of the photovoltaic thermal coupling system of the present invention is as follows:

[0126] (1) Height adjustment

[0127] Working principle: The telescopic adjustable column 4 is driven by an electric drive device, and the telescopic guide rail 7 ensures smooth movement. The microprocessor determines the change in the solar altitude angle based on the data provided by the light sensor and the sunlight intensity sensor, and calculates the optimal height of the column. The adjustment signal is sent to the electric drive device through the control cable, and the telescopic adjustable column 4 is raised or lowered.

[0128] (2) Tilt angle adjustment

[0129] Working principle: Angle sensors and inclination sensors monitor the inclination of the photothermal reflector 1 and the photovoltaic cell in real time, and feed back data to the microprocessor. The microprocessor calculates the optimal inclination of the photothermal reflector 1 and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 according to the direction and intensity of light, and sends instructions to the electric drive device. The connector 9 on the retractable adjustment mechanism 3 drives the photothermal reflector 1 and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 to adjust the inclination, and the adjustable range is 0°-270°, meeting the needs of multi-angle tracking of the sun. When there is extreme weather such as strong winds, the angle is adjusted to the best to ensure the safety of the structure.

[0130] 3. Principle of adjusting the angle and relative distance between the photothermal reflector 1 and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2

[0131] (1) Angle adjustment

[0132] The angle sensor at the end of each telescopic adjustable arm 6 monitors the current angle. The microprocessor calculates the incident angle of sunlight in real time and sends instructions to the electric drive device of the adjustable arm. The telescopic adjustable arm 6 changes the angle between the two through the connector to ensure that the reflector concentrates light and heat to the focal area of ​​the photovoltaic cell.

[0133] (2) Relative distance adjustment

[0134] The position sensor monitors the telescopic length of the telescopic adjustable arm 6 and feeds back to the microprocessor. The microprocessor calculates the optimal distance according to the current sunshine conditions and sends a signal to the telescopic drive device of the telescopic adjustable arm 6. The telescopic adjustable arm 6 is extended or shortened to adjust the relative position of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 and the photothermal reflector 1 to optimize the light energy utilization efficiency.

[0135] 4. The principle of horizontal and vertical adjustment of the system

[0136] Lateral adjustment: The horizontal extension and rotation of the telescopic adjustment arm 6 realizes the lateral position adjustment of the photothermal reflector 1 and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2.

[0137] Longitudinal adjustment: The height adjustment of the telescopic column body 10 and the vertical extension and retraction of the telescopic adjustable arm 6 realize longitudinal adjustment to ensure that the system is aligned with the sun track.

[0138] 5. System operation process

[0139] Data collection: Various sensors (light sensors, angle sensors, etc.) collect environmental and component status data in real time;

[0140] Data processing: The microprocessor analyzes the sensor data and calculates the optimal height, tilt angle, angle and distance for the system;

[0141] Instruction sending: The microprocessor sends execution instructions to the electric drive device;

[0142] Adjustment execution: the electric drive device controls the telescopic adjustable arm 6 and the telescopic column body 10 to complete the telescopic or rotation, so as to achieve the best working state of the system;

[0143] The above technical solution combines high-precision sensors with automatic control devices, which can efficiently complete the intelligent adjustment of the photovoltaic thermal coupling system and improve the energy utilization efficiency and adaptability of the system.

[0144] The photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention adopts a dynamic tracking control algorithm based on real-time optimization.

[0145] The core method includes the following steps (such as Figure 7 shown):

[0146] 1. Data collection: Real-time collection of multi-dimensional environmental data (light intensity, solar altitude angle, inclination, temperature, etc.), system status data (angle, position, inclination angle, etc.) and solar trajectory model.

[0147] Specifically, environmental data can be collected through environmental sensors, for example, light intensity and sunlight direction using light sensors, and sunlight intensity distribution using sunlight intensity sensors;

[0148] System status data is collected through system status sensors. For example, the system inclination uses an inclination sensor, the system position uses a position sensor, and the system angle uses an angle sensor;

[0149] The solar trajectory model provides a preliminary reference through astronomical calculations.

[0150] 2. Parameter calculation: Based on PID control adjustment or light tracking-based optimization algorithm, the optimal angle and position of the photothermal reflector 1 and the photovoltaic cell are calculated using environmental data.

[0151] Specifically, an intelligent optimization algorithm (dynamic adjustment), a genetic algorithm (GA) or a particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) is used to find the optimal angle and relative distance between the photothermal reflector 1 and the photovoltaic module through GA / PSO iterative optimization.

[0152] 3. Dynamic adjustment: Adjust the system in real time based on the dynamic model and feedback data to optimize the efficiency of incident light energy utilization.

[0153] Specifically, fuzzy logic control (Fuzzy Control) is used to input fuzzy variables such as light intensity and angle deviation into the control system, output the adjustment amount, and optimize the utilization efficiency of incident light energy.

[0154] The optimization basis of data in the present invention is based on physical and empirical models, mainly including:

[0155] 1. The best working state of photovoltaic modules: In theory, when sunlight is incident at the optimal angle (angle is 0°), the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic cells is the highest;

[0156] 2. The best focusing state of the photothermal reflector 1: the rationality of the reflector adjustment is judged based on the concentration of the reflected light at the focus of the photovoltaic cell;

[0157] 3. Dynamic environmental changes: Use real-time sensor data to correct errors and ensure that the system adapts to dynamic environments.

[0158] Among them, in terms of dynamic environmental perception: using real-time sensor data feedback, the system adjusts according to current actual conditions instead of relying on static or preset parameters.

[0159] For example, when light intensity changes, the system will prioritize adjusting angles and distances to compensate for light energy loss.

[0160] In addition, the objective function of the system always points to the maximization of power generation efficiency and thermal energy utilization efficiency, rather than an artificially set fixed value.

[0161] Furthermore, the present invention also uses fuzzy logic, adaptive control and other methods, so that the system can handle various nonlinear changes and adapt to different regions and different weather conditions.

[0162] Finally, the present invention adopts feedback closed-loop control so that all adjustments are based on real-time feedback from sensors, ensuring that the system performance is in an optimal state of dynamic balance.

[0163] In summary, the present invention uses a dynamic optimization control algorithm combined with a physical model, sensor feedback and adaptive control, so that the system can achieve intelligent adjustment of the position and angle of the photothermal reflector 1 and the photovoltaic cell.

[0164] Example 2

[0165] This embodiment provides an application of the above photovoltaic-thermal coupling system in a solar thermal power station, where the solar thermal power station includes a tower solar thermal power station, a trough solar thermal power station, a dish solar thermal power station, and a Fresnel solar thermal power station.

[0166] In summary, the invention couples the photothermal reflector 1 and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 together through a retractable adjustment mechanism 3, thereby realizing the efficient application of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 2 in the photovoltaic and thermal system, and significantly improving the thermal management performance, environmental adaptability and long-term stability of the system. The system maximizes the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy through reasonable spectral separation and parallel conversion of photoelectric and photothermal energy. The independent energy output of the photovoltaic and photothermal parts enables the coupling system to adapt to multi-functional needs, such as power generation, industrial heating, building heating and other application scenarios in solar power stations. In addition, the self-cleaning function reduces dust accumulation and maintenance costs, ensuring long-term stable and efficient operation of the system. Through this innovative design, multi-path and efficient conversion of solar energy is achieved, bringing broader application prospects to trough-type solar thermal power stations and distributed photovoltaic and thermal systems. The following is a description of the main beneficial effects:

[0167] 1. Improve light energy utilization efficiency

[0168] The present invention significantly improves the overall energy conversion efficiency through the efficient synergistic utilization of photovoltaics and photothermal energy. Specifically, the photovoltaic-photothermal coupling structure utilizes visible light and infrared light separately, wherein visible light is used for photovoltaic power generation and infrared light is used for thermal energy collection. The retractable adjustment mechanism 3 and the retractable adjustment column 4 can adjust the photovoltaic cell and the photothermal reflector 1 to ensure that the light incident is at the optimal angle in real time. Experimental data show that when the sunlight intensity is 1000W / m 2 Under certain conditions, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the overall system can reach 30%-45%.

[0169] 2. Improve equipment operation accuracy and stability

[0170] The present invention uses lightweight and high-strength composite materials (such as carbon fiber composite materials, aluminum alloys, etc.) to make the telescopic adjustable arm 6 and the telescopic column body 10. By optimizing the material and structural design, the weight of the arm can be reduced while ensuring high strength, so that the dynamic response time of the telescopic arm is improved by about 30%. Through experimental tests, under large-scale movement, the vibration amplitude of the telescopic adjustable arm 6 or the telescopic column body 10 can be controlled within ±0.2mm. Compared with the traditional design, the operating accuracy is improved by 15%, which is particularly suitable for high-precision operation scenarios.

[0171] 3. Significantly extend the service life of equipment

[0172] The retractable adjustable arm 6 of the present invention adopts wear-resistant coating and lining design at the connection and joints. Experimental data show that the wear rate of the equipment is reduced by about 40% under frequent movement. The application of corrosion-resistant materials prolongs the service life of the retractable adjustable arm 6 in harsh environments by about 2 times, and it is expected to reach a continuous working cycle of more than 10,000 hours, which greatly reduces the maintenance frequency of the equipment and reduces the operation and maintenance costs by at least 30% compared with traditional designs.

[0173] 4. Intelligent control and adaptive adjustment

[0174] The present invention integrates highly sensitive sensors and control mechanisms, can monitor environmental factors such as wind speed, wind direction, temperature, etc. in real time, and adjust the angle and telescopic length of the telescopic adjustable arm 6 through an adaptive algorithm. When the wind speed reaches 20m / s, the system can automatically shorten the length of the telescopic arm to 50% of the initial length, effectively reducing the impact of wind load on the equipment, ensuring stable operation in high wind speed environments, and increasing stability and wind resistance by at least 25% compared to traditional control systems.

[0175] 5. Convenient disassembly and modular maintenance

[0176] The photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention adopts a modular design, and each component is connected through a standard interface and a quick locking device. Experimental data show that the time for disassembly and replacement of components is shortened by more than 40%. Compared with the traditional integrated design, the modular design improves the efficiency in maintenance and component replacement, and the overall downtime is reduced by about 50%. It is expected to reduce the equipment maintenance cost by at least 15% each year, further improving the maintainability and operational efficiency of the system.

[0177] 6. Significant energy saving effect

[0178] Through lightweight structure, photovoltaic battery power supply and efficient electric drive system design, the energy consumption of the adjustable telescopic arm of the present invention is reduced by 50%-80% compared with traditional designs. It is particularly suitable for long-term and large-scale operation scenarios, reducing overall operating costs and meeting the needs of green environmental protection and energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0179] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a photothermal reflector (1), a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2) and a retractable adjustment mechanism (3); one or more vertices of the photothermal reflector (1) are rotatably connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2) via the retractable adjustment mechanism (3); and the angle between the photothermal reflector (1) and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2) can be adjusted within a range of 0° to 270°.

2. The photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a telescopic adjustable column (4), one end of which is rotatably connected to the foundation, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the photothermal reflector (1).

3. The photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a control mechanism, which is arranged inside the telescopic adjustable column (4) and is used to adjust the rotation or extension of the telescopic adjustable mechanism (3) and the telescopic adjustable column (4) so ​​as to adjust the height and tilt angle of the photovoltaic thermal coupling system, and adjust the angle and relative distance between the photothermal reflector (1) and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2) in the horizontal and vertical dimensions.

4. The photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic adjustable mechanism (3) comprises one or more telescopic adjustable arms (6) and a plurality of connecting members (9); the telescopic adjustable arms (6) at any end are rotatably connected to the photothermal reflector (1) or the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2) via the connecting member (9); and adjacent telescopic adjustable arms (6) are rotatably connected to each other via the connecting member (9).

5. The photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 4, characterized in that: A flexible buffer layer is provided at the connection between the connecting piece (9), the photothermal reflector (1) and the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2).

6. The photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connecting piece (9) is a ball joint connector, a rotary connector or an elastic connector.

7. The photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The telescopic adjustable column (4) comprises a telescopic column body (10) and a joint connector (11) rotatably arranged at one end or both ends of the telescopic column body (10); One end of the telescopic column body (10) is rotatably connected to the photothermal reflector (1) via a joint connector (11), and the other end is rotatably connected to the foundation via another joint connector (11); Or any one end of the telescopic column body (10) is rotatably connected to the photothermal reflector (1) or the foundation via the joint connector (11).

8. The photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 4 or 7, characterized in that: The telescopic adjustable arm (6) and the telescopic column body (10) are both provided with a self-lubricating telescopic guide rail (7).

9. The photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The control mechanism includes a microprocessor, a light sensor, an angle sensor, a position sensor, a tilt sensor, a sunlight intensity sensor, an electric drive device and a power supply device. Wherein, the light sensor, the angle sensor, the position sensor, the tilt sensor and the sunlight intensity sensor are used to collect status data of the environment and the photovoltaic-thermal coupling system; The microprocessor is used to analyze and process the data collected by the light sensor, the angle sensor, the position sensor, the tilt sensor and the sunlight intensity sensor, and calculate the optimal angle and distance between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell (2) and the sunlight, as well as the optimal height and tilt angle of the photovoltaic thermal coupling system, and finally send an execution instruction to the electric drive device; The electric drive device is used to control the telescopic adjustment mechanism (3) and the telescopic adjustment column (4) to complete telescopic or rotation; The power supply device is used to provide power for the microprocessor, the light sensor, the angle sensor, the position sensor, the tilt sensor, the sunlight intensity sensor and the electric drive device.

10. Application of the photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in a solar thermal power station, characterized in that: The solar thermal power station includes a tower solar thermal power station, a trough solar thermal power station, a dish solar thermal power station and a Fresnel solar thermal power station.

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