Production of polyols (oil polyols) from renewable resources

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for producing polyols (oil polyols, oil emulsions) from renewable resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a process for producing polyols (oleopol, oleomilk) from renewable resources. Background Art

[0002] Polyurethane, one of the polymers with various uses, has two raw materials consisting of isocyanates and polyols. Polyurethane is obtained as a result of the reaction of these raw materials. In these reactions, isocyanates such as HDI (hexamethylene diisocyanate), MDI (methylene diphenylene diisocyanate), TDI (toluene diisocyanate) and IDI (isophorone diisocyanate) can be used as isocyanate components. Due to its extreme toxicity and the difficulty of the production process, there are only limited manufacturers in the world. The polyol component can be a small simple molecule such as monoethylene glycol, propylene glycol or a structure connected to a long polymer chain. In these structures, they are usually mentioned by names such as polyester, polyamide polyol, polyester polyol. According to the field of use of polyols, they can be divided into various types of groups. Polyols react with isocyanates to prepare foam insulation for mattresses, refrigerators and cold storages, polyurethanes for home and car seats, and polyurethanes for synthetic leather (which is used for clothing, elastomeric soles, fibers and adhesives).

[0003] Polyols contain multiple hydroxyl groups and are reactive raw materials that react with isocyanate (NCO) groups to form polyurethane structures. Polyols are substances with a wide range of molecular weights and can therefore exist in different physical forms (solid, liquid). Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention relates to the production of polyols (oil polyols, oil emulsions) which meet the requirements mentioned above, eliminate all disadvantages and bring some additional advantages.

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to obtain polyols by an environmentally friendly process using raw materials from renewable resources. The raw materials used in the present invention are substances with olefinic double bonds. The most well-known of these is the material known as triglyceride. Triglyceride is also known as animal and vegetable oil (fat). The oil undergoing the present invention is waste vegetable oil or waste animal oil. The substances (particularly oils) with these olefinic double bonds are epoxidized and ready for use. These oils are reacted with suitable combinations to obtain polyols with desired properties.

[0006] In the synthesis of the polyols produced within the scope of the present invention, acids with groups such as carboxyl, sulfoxyl, which are naturally available in nature, and epoxide compounds (vernonia oil) which are naturally available or substances containing double bonds and which are converted into epoxide derivatives by suitable procedures are used.

[0007] In the present invention, as a result of experiments carried out, the polyol (oil polyol, oil emulsion), which is one of the raw materials to be used in the production of polyurethane, is obtained from renewable resources (from industrial olive oil waste, pirin and various vegetable and animal oils), contains about 3.5-6 -OH (hydroxyl) groups / triglyceride, provides the required physical and chemical properties, and makes it ready for use.

[0008] The structure and unique features of the present invention and all advantages will be more clearly understood with the help of the detailed description provided below, and therefore should be evaluated by considering the detailed description. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] In this detailed description, preferred embodiments of the method of the present invention are described only for a better understanding of the subject matter.

[0010] The present invention relates to a method for producing polyols (oil polyols, oil emulsions) from renewable resources. In this production method, waste vegetable oils are preferably epoxidized and prepared for use. In the next process step, oleic acid is obtained from waste olive pomace oil. For this purpose, the olive pomace oil is saponified using alkali in the first step, and then the soap is acidified and converted into free fatty acids (oleic acid in this case). In the first process, acetic acid and / or oleic acid are added to the epoxidized soybean oil obtained in the first process, and refluxed in a reflux cooler, acetic acid is evaporated and polyols (oil polyols) can be produced. Depending on the amount of oleic acid and acetic acid used, polyols (oil polyols or oil emulsions) with different percentages of acid composition can be obtained. In this way, polyols (oil polyols, oil emulsions) are gradually obtained from natural raw materials (especially vegetable oils) with olefinic double bonds.

[0011] Examples of methods for obtaining polyols (oil polyols, oil emulsions) implemented within the scope of the present invention are provided below. These examples illustrate the application and effectiveness of the present invention without any limiting meaning.

[0012] Sample 1. Epoxy Oil Production

[0013] Add 50 grams of waste oil to a 250 ml spherical bottle with a flat bottom. Add 100 ml of methylene chloride and cool the mixture in an ice bath. Then add 24 ml of formic acid to the solution, and continue to stir the mixture for another half an hour. At the end of this time, dropwise add 18 ml of hydrogen peroxide to the mixture in half an hour. Stir the mixture in an ice bath for one night. At the end of this day, wash the mixture with distilled water. If there is any water remaining in the mixture, add sodium sulfate to remove water.

[0014] Second oleic acid production

[0015] 100 g of waste olive pomace oil from industrial olive oil production was placed in a 250 ml spherical bottle with a flat bottom. 30 g of the oil was added to a 50% sodium hydroxide solution and stirred for 2 hours to make soap. The resulting soap was oleic acid soap. The soap was then taken and 60 ml of concentrated (36-37%) chloric acid and 250 ml of distilled water were added. The mixture was heated at 60-70°C for one night. When there was phase separation, the upper part was removed and oleic acid was obtained.

[0016] ESO-ACETIC ACID CONDENSATE OLEOPOL The third synthesis

[0017] 100 g of epoxidized soybean oil -ESO- was placed in a 250 ml spherical bottle with a flat bottom. 90 ml of acetic acid were added and boiled in a reflux at 100-140° C. for about 8 hours. At the end of this time, the excess acetic acid was evaporated in a rotary drum mixer.

[0018] Sample 4. Synthesis of 30% Oil Polyol

[0019] 100 g of epoxidized soybean oil -ESO- was placed in a 250 ml spherical bottle with a flat bottom. 7.6 g of oleic acid and 24 g of acetic acid were added and refluxed at 100-140°C using a reflux cooler for about 8 hours. At the end of this time, the acetic acid was evaporated in a rotary drum mixer.

[0020] Sample 5. Synthesis of 50% Oil Polyol

[0021] 100 g of epoxidized soybean oil -ESO- was placed in a 250 ml spherical bottle with a flat bottom. 12.5 g of oleic acid and 12.5 g of acetic acid were added and refluxed at 100-140°C for about 8 hours using a reflux cooler. At the end of this time, the acetic acid was evaporated in a rotary drum mixer.

[0022] Sample 6. Synthesis of ESO-LACTIC ACID CONDENSATE OLEOMYCIN

[0023] 100 g of epoxidized soybean oil -ESO- was placed in a 250 ml spherical bottle with a flat bottom. 30 g of lactic acid was added and refluxed at 100-140°C using a reflux cooler for about 8 hours. At the end of this time, the lactic acid was evaporated in a rotary drum mixer.

[0024] Sample 7. Synthesis of 50% oleomycin

[0025] 100 g of epoxidized soybean oil -ESO- was placed in a 250 ml spherical bottle with a flat bottom. 12.5 g of oleic acid and 12.5 g of lactic acid were added and refluxed at 100-140°C for about 8 hours using a reflux cooler. At the end of this time, the lactic acid was evaporated in a rotary drum mixer.

Claims

1. A process for producing polyols (oil polyols) from renewable resources, wherein: · Preparing waste vegetable or animal oils for use by epoxidation, Oleic acid from waste olive pomace oil in a two-step reaction, The process steps include adding acetic acid or lactic acid and / or oleic acid to the obtained epoxidized soybean oil, refluxing it in a reflux cooler, and then evaporating excess acetic acid or lactic acid and obtaining polyol (oil polyol, oil emulsion).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a step of obtaining different percentages of polyols (oil polyols, oil emulsions), for example 30% or 50%, depending on the amount of acetic acid or lactic acid or oleic acid.