Water-guided laser-based bionic structure, preparation method, application method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a bionic structure based on water-guided laser, a preparation method, an application method and a device, which are applied to the technical field of surface microstructures. The method is applied to a metal melt transfer device and comprises the following steps: communicating a plurality of gas film through holes with a gas chamber; and inert gas is introduced into the gas chamber, so that a gas phase layer is formed on the upper surface of the bionic structure, and the temperature of the inert gas is higher than that of the metal melt. The formed gas-phase layer is a continuous and stable high-temperature gas-phase layer, and the continuous gas-phase layer can avoid the problems of metal melt agglomeration and adhesion caused by temperature difference and frictional resistance. According to the method, the LeidenFlost effect, the water-guided laser technology and simulation optimization are combined, a synergistic structure of the micron-sized laminated wedge-shaped flow guide grooves and the micron-sized gas film through holes is designed, and the key problem of high-temperature metal melt transfer is innovatively solved; the popularization and application of the method can bring remarkable economic benefits and technical progress to related industrial fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of surface microstructures, and in particular to a bionic structure based on water-guided laser, a preparation method, an application method and a device. Background Art

[0002] Metal melt transfer technology plays an important role in key fields such as metallurgy, soldering and aerospace. Especially in the pipeline transportation of molten metal, the transfer efficiency and safety of the melt have received extensive attention; such as the nozzle structure used in additive manufacturing, the melting equipment, casting equipment and transportation equipment used in the metallurgical industry, the detection equipment of high-temperature melt, the nozzle used for laser solder ball welding and other important equipment components all require safe and efficient transfer of molten metal.

[0003] Although the wettability of metal melts has been significantly improved in recent years, agglomeration and adhesion may still occur during the melt transfer process due to the temperature difference and friction resistance between the melt and the solid surface; these problems may lead to flow obstruction and even cause serious consequences such as blockage and rupture of the transfer channel.

[0004] Therefore, solving the problems of agglomeration and adhesion of molten metal during the transfer process is crucial to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the system. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a bionic structure, a preparation method, an application method and a device based on water-conducting laser, aiming to solve the problem of easy agglomeration and adhesion of molten metal during the transfer process.

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention provides a bionic structure, characterized in that it is applied to the application method of the first aspect;

[0007] Including substrate;

[0008] The substrate is provided with a plurality of micron-sized air film through holes and a plurality of micron-sized flow guide grooves;

[0009] A plurality of the air film through holes are arranged in an array on the substrate, and the plurality of the air film through holes are used to introduce an inert gas having a temperature higher than that of the metal melt;

[0010] The plurality of guide grooves are all located on the upper surface of the substrate, the plurality of guide grooves are arranged along the same axial direction, the groove directions of the guide grooves are inclined with respect to the surface of the substrate, and the same guide groove is connected with a plurality of the air film through holes.

[0011] In some embodiments of the first aspect, an opening axis of the air film through hole is inclined to the surface of the substrate, and an opening axis of the air film through hole and an opening axis of the guide groove have the same inclination direction.

[0012] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the inclination angle of the opening axis of the air film through hole is 30 to 60 degrees, the ratio of the depth of the air film through hole to the diameter of the air film through hole is 5 to 10, and the distance between adjacent air film through holes is 2 to 10 times the diameter of the air film through hole.

[0013] In some embodiments of the first aspect, a cross-sectional area of ​​the guide groove gradually decreases in a direction away from the air film through hole.

[0014] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the guide groove is a wedge-shaped guide groove, the wide end surface of the wedge-shaped guide groove is tangent to the surface of the air film through hole, and the angle between the narrow end surface of the wedge-shaped guide groove and the upper surface of the substrate is 0 to 5°.

[0015] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the groove direction angle of the guide groove is 30 to 60 degrees, the height of the guide groove is 1 to 2 times the diameter of the air film through hole, and the distance between adjacent guide grooves is 2 to 10 times the diameter of the air film through hole.

[0016] The second aspect of the present invention provides an application method of a bionic structure based on water-guided laser, which applies the bionic structure of the first aspect to a transfer device for molten metal, wherein the bionic structure is provided with a plurality of air film through holes arranged in an array;

[0017] The following steps are involved:

[0018] Connecting the plurality of air film through holes to the air chamber;

[0019] An inert gas is introduced into the gas chamber to form a gas phase layer on the upper surface of the bionic structure, wherein the temperature of the inert gas is higher than the temperature of the metal melt.

[0020] The third aspect of the present invention provides an application device of a bionic structure based on water-guided laser, comprising:

[0021] A shell for the flow of molten metal;

[0022] The bionic structure described in the first aspect, wherein the bionic structure is arranged in the shell, and an air chamber is formed between the bionic structure and the bottom surface of the shell;

[0023] An air pump, wherein the air pump is an adjustable flow air pump;

[0024] A gas source is connected to the gas chamber through the air pump, and the gas supply temperature of the gas source is higher than the temperature of the metal melt.

[0025] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method for preparing the bionic structure according to the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1, using a water-conducting laser to ablate a substrate at a first preset angle, so as to form an air film through hole on the substrate;

[0027] S2, moving the water-conducting laser at a first preset interval, and repeating step S1 until a preset number of the air film through holes are completed;

[0028] S3, aiming a water-guided laser at the air film through holes, and ablating the substrate at a preset second angle along a straight line direction where the plurality of air film through holes are located, so as to form a guide groove on the substrate;

[0029] S4, moving the water guide laser at a second preset interval along a direction perpendicular to the guide grooves, and repeating steps S1 to S3 until a preset number of the guide grooves are completed.

[0030] In some embodiments of the fourth aspect, the first preset angle is 30-60°, the second preset angle is 30-60°, and the first preset angle is greater than or equal to the second preset angle; the wavelength of the water-conducting laser is 492-577nm, the pulse width of the water-conducting laser is 150-160ns, the power of the water-conducting laser is 40-50W, the frequency of the water-conducting laser is 6-7kHz, the processing speed is 5-6mm / s, and the water pressure of the water pump is 15-16MPa.

[0031] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0032] 1. This embodiment provides a bionic structure. Since the substrate is provided with a plurality of micron-sized air film through holes and a plurality of micron-sized flow guide grooves, that is, the plurality of air film through holes are arranged in an array on the substrate, the plurality of flow guide grooves are all located on the upper surface of the substrate, the plurality of flow guide grooves are all arranged along the same axial direction, the grooving direction of the flow guide grooves is inclined to the surface of the substrate, the same flow guide groove is connected with a plurality of air film through holes, the plurality of micron-sized air film through holes and the plurality of micron-sized flow guide grooves form a micron-sized coordinated layout arranged in a stacked manner like bird feathers and fish scales, and this layout conforms to the principle of gas dynamics, and after the high-temperature gas is introduced, a high-temperature continuous gas phase layer of the Leidenfrost effect can be formed, and the continuous gas phase layer plays a role in isolating the metal melt from the solid surface, effectively preventing the direct contact between the metal melt and the solid surface, thereby avoiding the problems of metal melt agglomeration and adhesion caused by temperature difference and friction resistance.

[0033] 2. This embodiment provides an application method of a high-temperature gas phase layer. Since an inert gas with a temperature higher than that of the molten metal is introduced into the air film through holes of the bionic structure, the coordinated layout of the air film through holes and the guide grooves can form a gas phase layer on the upper surface of the bionic structure. The formed gas phase layer is a continuous and stable high-temperature gas phase layer. The continuous gas phase layer serves to isolate the molten metal from the solid surface, effectively preventing direct contact between the molten metal and the solid surface, thereby avoiding the problems of metal melt agglomeration and adhesion caused by temperature difference and friction resistance.

[0034] 3. This embodiment provides an application device of a bionic structure based on water-conducting laser, including a shell, a bionic structure, an air pump and a gas source. The gas source pumps high-temperature gas into the bionic structure through the air pump to form a high-temperature gas phase layer inside the shell, which can effectively isolate the molten metal transported in the shell and avoid the agglomeration and adhesion of the molten metal inside the shell.

[0035] 4. This embodiment provides a preparation method, which combines water-guided laser technology and uses the cooling and protective effects of water to reduce thermal effects, improve cutting efficiency, improve surface quality, and enhance material removal efficiency, thereby improving processing accuracy and speed as well as efficient and repeatable operating characteristics. It can accurately process the required wedge-shaped guide grooves and fine air film pore structures. This structure not only improves the stability and continuity of the air film, but also more effectively enhances the performance as an isolation layer to prevent high-temperature metal melts from adhering to the ceramic substrate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a bionic structure based on water-guided laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a bionic structure based on water-guided laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 A partially enlarged schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a bionic structure based on water-guided laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 A simulation analysis result diagram of a water-guided laser-based bionic structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5A schematic diagram of the structure of an application device of a bionic structure based on water-guided laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of gas transmission of an application device of a bionic structure based on water-guided laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the processing flow of a method for preparing a bionic structure based on water-guided laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an application method of a water-guided laser-based bionic structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the principle of a device for preparing a bionic structure based on water-guided laser provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Reference numerals:

[0047] 1. Bionic structure; 10. Base; 11. Air film through hole; 12. Guide groove; 2. Shell; 3. Air chamber; 4. Control terminal; 40. Computer; 41. Motion controller; 5. Five-axis workbench; 6. Water-guided laser processing system; 60. Laser; 61. CCD camera; 62. Optical component; 620. Beam splitter; 621. Focusing lens group; 622. Coupling cavity; 623. Beam expansion and collimation lens group; 7. Water supply system; 8. Air supply system; I. Metal melt; II. Water-guided laser; III. Gas phase layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The embodiments of the present invention provide a bionic structure, preparation method, application method and device based on water-guided laser. Inspired by the Leidenfrost effect and drawing on the lamellar arrangement of bird feathers and fish scales in nature, a collaborative structure of a micron-scale wedge-shaped guide groove and fine air film holes is designed. The structure is connected to the air chamber so that the gas can be blown out evenly from the fine air film holes, thereby forming a continuous and stable gas phase layer between the high-temperature metal melt and the inner wall of the pipe, effectively solving the problem of easy agglomeration and adhesion of the metal melt during the transfer process.

[0049] In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] See also Figures 1 to 9 This embodiment provides an application method of a bionic structure based on water-conducting laser, that is, a method for forming a high-temperature gas phase layer, which is applied to a transfer device for a metal melt, and includes a bionic structure 1. The bionic structure 1 adopts a coordinated structural design of a micron-level wedge-shaped guide groove and a micro-air film hole that conforms to the principle of gas dynamics, and includes the following steps:

[0051] Connecting the plurality of air film through holes to the air chamber 3;

[0052] An inert gas is introduced into the gas chamber 3 to form a gas phase layer III on the upper surface of the bionic structure 1 , wherein the temperature of the inert gas is higher than the temperature of the metal melt.

[0053] During the working process of this embodiment, an inert gas with a temperature higher than that of the molten metal is introduced into the air film through holes 11 of the bionic structure 1, and the gas is blown out evenly on the air film through holes of the bionic structure 1, forming a continuous and stable high-temperature gas layer on the upper surface of the bionic structure 1, that is, a continuous and stable gas layer is formed between the high-temperature molten metal and the bionic structure 1, thereby effectively achieving the purpose of isolating the high-temperature molten metal.

[0054] Based on the above method, please refer to Figures 1 to 9 This embodiment provides a bionic structure 1 used in the above method, including a substrate 10:

[0055] The base 10 is provided with a plurality of air film through holes 11 and a plurality of guide grooves 12;

[0056] A plurality of air film through holes 11 are arranged in an array on the substrate, wherein adjacent air film through holes 11 are arranged at the same interval, and the plurality of air film through holes 11 are used to introduce an inert gas having a temperature higher than that of the metal melt I;

[0057] The plurality of guide grooves 12 are all located on the upper surface of the substrate 10 , and are arranged along the same axial direction. The groove directions of the guide grooves 12 are inclined to the surface of the substrate 10 , and the same guide groove 12 is connected to a plurality of air film through holes 11 .

[0058] During the working process of this embodiment, high-temperature gas is introduced into the multiple air film through holes 11. After the gas passes through the multiple air film through holes 11 and the multiple guide grooves 12, a stable laminar flow is formed on the substrate 10, thereby forming a high-temperature continuous gas phase layer III on the substrate 10.

[0059] It can be seen from the above working process that the arrangement of the guide groove 12 is similar to the stacked arrangement of bird feathers and fish scales. Its unique stacked arrangement pattern conforms to the principles of gas dynamics. Through an equidistant and close arrangement, the air film through holes 11 and the guide grooves 12 cooperate to form a horizontal laminar flow, thereby forming a continuous gas phase layer III, further optimizing the distribution and flow efficiency of the airflow, thereby forming a stable and continuous high-temperature gas phase layer III, effectively preventing the direct contact between the metal melt I and the solid surface, thereby avoiding the agglomeration and adhesion problems of the metal melt I caused by the temperature difference and friction resistance.

[0060] Compared with the prior art, the present embodiment can form a continuous and stable high-temperature gas phase layer III, that is, the multiple air film through holes 11 and guide grooves 12 designed in the present embodiment have a structure such as the stacked arrangement of bird feathers and fish scales, and follow the basic principles of gas dynamics. Under the synergistic effect of the two, horizontal laminar flow can be formed, especially the guide grooves 12 can control the direction of the air flow, thereby constructing a continuous and stable high-temperature gas phase layer III, that is, a heat-insulating steam layer with a Leidenfrost effect is formed on the high-temperature solid surface, avoiding the agglomeration and adhesion problems of the metal melt I caused by the temperature difference and friction resistance; avoiding the problem that it is difficult to effectively form an air film by relying solely on the gas blown out of the air film hole as in the prior art, because the gas released by the air film hole is usually suppressed under the influence of the molten metal flow, resulting in the gas being unable to form an air film, or only forming an air column, and unable to form a stable air film layer on the substrate surface.

[0061] In a specific embodiment, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a feasible structure of the substrate 10 is further provided, and the working environment temperature of the substrate 10 can be T e =500°C (773K), the material of the substrate 10 is a ceramic sheet with a density of 3.7 g / cm 3 .

[0062] In a specific embodiment, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a feasible structure of the air film through hole 11 is further provided, the opening axis of the air film through hole 11 is inclined with the surface of the substrate 10, and the opening axis of the air film through hole 11 is in the same inclination direction as the opening axis of the guide groove 12. In specific implementation, after the air film through hole 11 is arranged obliquely, the direction in which the gas flows out along the air film through hole 11 forms a certain angle with the main airflow direction or the flow direction of the surrounding medium, and compared with the vertical pores, it is more smoothly integrated into the mainstream or the surrounding environment, reducing the resistance caused by the sudden change of direction when the gas flows out, so as to better form a multi-layer horizontal laminar flow in a stacked arrangement like bird feathers and fish scales.

[0063] In one embodiment, if Figure 3As shown, the inclination angle of the opening axis of the air film through hole 11 is 30 to 60 degrees, the ratio of the depth of the air film through hole 11 to the diameter of the air film through hole 11 (hereinafter referred to as the aspect ratio) is 5 to 10, and the distance between adjacent air film through holes 11 is 2 to 10 times the diameter of the air film through hole 11.

[0064] In this embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, the diameter of the air film through hole 11 is D=100 μm, and the angle α between the opening axis of the air film through hole 11 and the horizontal direction is 30°; the depth L of the air film through hole 11 is 5 times the diameter D of the air film through hole 11, that is, 500 μm; the distance △0 between two adjacent air film through holes 11 is 6D, that is, 600 μm.

[0065] It should be noted that the depth-to-diameter ratio of the air film through hole 11 is not obvious. When the depth-to-diameter ratio of the air film through hole 11 is too small, the coordinated structure of the air film through hole 11 and the guide groove 12 cannot play an effective air film isolation effect. For example, when the depth-to-diameter ratio L / D=2.5 (the result is shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown), the metal melt I will flow into the wedge-shaped guide groove 12 and destroy the effect of the guide groove 12. However, when the depth-to-diameter ratio is greater than 5, this problem can be effectively avoided.

[0066] In a specific embodiment, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a feasible structure of the guide groove 12 is further provided, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the guide groove 12 gradually decreases in the direction away from the air film through hole 11, that is, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, on the cross section of the guide groove 12, the horizontal length of the guide groove 12 gradually decreases in the direction away from the air film through hole 11. In specific implementation, after the gas enters the guide groove 12, the reduction in cross-sectional area will cause the gas flow rate to increase, which helps to improve the gas transfer efficiency and form a continuous and stable high-temperature gas phase layer III.

[0067] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the guide groove 12 is a wedge-shaped guide groove 12, the wide end surface of the wedge-shaped guide groove 12 is tangent to the surface of the air film through hole 11, and the right side of the wedge-shaped guide groove 12 is the wide end (see Figure 3 ), the surface on the right side of the wide end is tangent to the right side surface of the air film through hole 11; the angle between the narrow end surface of the wedge-shaped guide groove 12 and the upper surface of the base 10 is 0-5°; the left side of the wedge-shaped guide groove 12 is the narrow end (see Figure 3), the left side of the narrow end is an arc surface that smoothly transitions with the upper surface of the substrate 10, and the angle between the chord of the arc surface and the upper surface of the substrate 10 is 0-5°; the right side of the narrow end is a raised pointed structure, and the angle between the lower surface of the raised pointed structure and the upper surface of the substrate 10 is 0-5°. The gap between the arc surface and the pointed structure forms a narrow end. In specific implementation, when the gas flows out from the air film through hole 11, it will flow along the tangent direction of the wide end surface of the wedge-shaped guide groove 12. This tangential flow mode can effectively reduce the vertical disturbance of the airflow, such as unstable factors such as reflection and eddy current. When the gas flows outward along the narrow end surface of the wedge-shaped guide groove 12, a multi-layer horizontal laminar flow with an angle of 0-5° is formed. The horizontal laminar flow forms a stacked arrangement like bird feathers and fish scales, which is conducive to the continuous and stable generation of high-temperature gas phase layer III.

[0068] Based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the guide groove 12, in one embodiment, the groove direction angle of the guide groove 12 is 30 to 60 degrees, the height H of the guide groove 12 is 1 to 2 times the diameter of the air film through hole 11, and the distance between adjacent guide grooves 12 is 2 to 10 times the diameter of the air film through hole 11.

[0069] In this embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, the height H of the guide groove 12 is 1.25D, D is the diameter of the air film through hole 11, 100 μm, that is, 125 μm, the spacing △ between two adjacent guide grooves 12 is 6D, that is, 600 μm; the width W of the guide groove 12 is 3D, that is, 300 μm.

[0070] It should be pointed out that the parameters of the guide groove 12 proposed in this embodiment can cooperate with the air film through hole 11 to play a synergistic role, thereby avoiding the problem that the metal melt I will flow into the wedge-shaped guide groove 12 and damage the guide groove 12.

[0071] In a specific embodiment, an implementable method of inert gas is further provided, the temperature of the inert gas is greater than the temperature of the metal melt I, and the inert gas is an inert gas that does not react with the metal melt I. Because the metal melt I will react with certain gases to form impurities, the gas source gas needs to use an inert gas that does not react with the metal melt I.

[0072] In this embodiment, the inlet temperature of the inert gas is higher than the temperature of the metal melt I, the inlet flow rate of the inert gas is 32 L / min, and the inert gas is argon to prevent the gas from reacting with the metal melt I and affecting the isolation effect.

[0073] Based on the above method, this embodiment provides an application device of the water-conducting laser-based bionic structure, that is, a transfer device for molten metal, wherein the water-conducting laser-based bionic structure is applied to the transfer device for molten metal, including:

[0074] A shell 2 for allowing the metal melt to flow;

[0075] The bionic structure 1 of the above embodiment is arranged in the housing 2, and an air chamber 3 is formed between the bionic structure 1 and the bottom surface of the housing 2;

[0076] An air pump, which is an adjustable flow air pump;

[0077] The gas source is connected with the gas chamber 3 through an air pump, and the gas supply temperature of the gas source is higher than the temperature of the metal melt I.

[0078] During the working process of this embodiment, Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, the air pump pumps the gas in the gas source into the air chamber 3, wherein the temperature of the pumped gas is higher than the temperature of the metal melt I. The gas in the air chamber 3 passes into the air film through hole 11 of the bionic structure 1, and then passes into the guide groove 12, and finally forms a high-temperature gas phase layer III on the upper surface of the bionic structure 1. When the metal melt I flows in the shell 2, the high-temperature gas phase layer III on the bionic structure 1 can form an insulating steam layer, which effectively prevents the direct contact between the metal melt I and the solid surface, thereby avoiding the agglomeration and adhesion problems of the metal melt I caused by the temperature difference and friction resistance.

[0079] Compared with the prior art, it is difficult to achieve the Leidenfrost effect in the prior art due to the high boiling point of the molten metal I and the limitation of heating the gap between the pipe and the nozzle; some applications of the present scheme, such as the introduction of the bionic structure 1 into the pipe and the nozzle, can form a continuous and stable high-temperature gas layer III on the outside of the isolated high-temperature molten metal I, thereby achieving the Leidenfrost effect between the molten metal I and the inner wall of the pipe and the nozzle.

[0080] In a specific embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, a feasible structure of the housing 2 is further provided. The housing 2 may be a tube housing 2 or a nozzle housing 2.

[0081] In some applications of this embodiment, the shell 2 is a tube shell 2, a bionic structure 1 layer is provided on the inner side of the tube shell 2, and an air chamber 3 is formed between the tube shell 2 and the bionic structure 1 layer. After high-temperature gas is introduced into the air chamber 3, the high-temperature gas will form a continuous and stable high-temperature gas layer III on the inner side of the bionic structure 1 layer, and the metal melt I in the tube shell 2 will form an insulating steam layer on the high-temperature solid surface.

[0082] In some applications of this embodiment, the shell 2 is a nozzle shell 2, and its basic structure is similar to that when the shell 2 is a tube shell 2, and ultimately the metal melt I in the shell 2 can form an insulating steam layer on the high-temperature solid surface.

[0083] In a specific embodiment, Figure 5As shown, a feasible structure of the air chamber 3 is further provided, the thickness of the air chamber 3 is δ=30D, D is the diameter of the air film through hole 11 100 μm, and the air chamber 3 is connected to the air pump by an air pipe.

[0084] In a specific embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, an achievable structure of an air pump is further provided. The air pump uses an adjustable high-temperature resistant air pump to accurately control the gas flow rate. During specific implementation, high-temperature gas is introduced into the air chamber 3 by the air pump. By controlling the flow rate of the air pump, the incident speed of the air flow in the air film through hole 11 can be controlled.

[0085] Among them, the air pump flow rate Q can control the gas flow rate v1 of the gas phase layer III. The calculation method of the air pump flow rate Q is as follows: the flow rate Q1 of each micro-air film hole is equal to the volume V of the gas flowing out of the micro-air film hole per unit time, and the unit is L / min; the volume V of the gas flowing out of the micro-air film hole per unit time is equal to the product of the outflow gas velocity v, time t=1min, and the cross-sectional area S, and the unit is L. The cross-section is a standard circle, and its area S=πD 2 / 4, D is the diameter of the micro-air film pore, the number of micro-air film pores n = 180, and in summary, the air pump flow rate Q is equal to the product of the flow rate Q1 of each micro-air film pore and the number of micro-air film pores n, and it is calculated that: Q≈32L / min.

[0086] In a specific embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, a feasible structure of the gas source is further provided, and a pipeline gas heater is connected between the gas outlet pipe of the gas source and the air pump. During specific implementation, the air pump pumps the gas source gas heated by the pipeline gas heater into the air chamber 3, and the blown gas temperature T2 can be adjusted by controlling the set temperature T of the pipeline gas heater.

[0087] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the inert gas in the gas source enters the gas chamber 3 through the tubular gas heater and the air pump at the air pump flow rate Q, and the inert gas in the gas chamber 3 enters the air film through hole 11 and the guide groove 12 at the flow rate Q1 of each fine air film hole to form a high-temperature gas phase layer III (air film).

[0088] In this embodiment, the working environment temperature T e =500℃(773K), gas phase layer III temperature T1 = metal melt I temperature T0 = 300℃(573K), where metal melt I density ρ1 = 7g / cm 3 , the density of inert gas is ρ2 = 1.78 g / cm 3 The solid is made of ceramic sheets with a density of 3.7g / cm 3 , under the above parameters, a stable and continuous gas phase layer III can be formed, which effectively plays an isolation role.

[0089] The following is a simulation result. The feasibility is verified through ANSYS Fluent2022b simulation analysis. First, a simplified model of the scheme is established, and then the simplified model is meshed and the mesh of the relevant planes is encrypted to improve the accuracy of the simulation. Finally, it is imported into Fluent for simulation analysis. A reasonable theoretical model is selected and relevant parameters are set. The simulation results are exported and analyzed. The results are as follows: Figure 4 shown.

[0090] See also Figure 7 and Figure 8 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a bionic structure based on water-guided laser, which is used to prepare the bionic structure 1 of the above embodiment, comprising the following steps:

[0091] S1, using water-conducting laser II to ablate the substrate 10 at a first preset angle, so as to form an air film through hole 11 on the substrate 10;

[0092] S2, moving the water-conducting laser II at a first preset interval, and repeating step S1 until a preset number of air film through holes 11 are completed;

[0093] S3, aiming the water-conducting laser II at the air film through holes 11, and ablating the substrate 10 at a preset second angle along the straight direction of the plurality of air film through holes 11, so as to form a guide groove 12 on the substrate 10;

[0094] S4, moving the water guide laser II along a direction perpendicular to the guide groove 12 at a second preset interval, and repeating steps S1 to S3 until a preset number of guide grooves 12 are completed.

[0095] In the preparation process of this embodiment, the water-conducting laser II first forms the air film through hole 11 on the substrate 10; then the water-conducting laser II is moved and repeated at a first preset interval to form a plurality of air film through holes 11 in the same row (column) on the substrate 10; then, the water-conducting laser II is aligned with the air film through hole 11, and the water-conducting laser II is ablated along a preset trajectory, such as in the same straight line, to form the guide groove 12; finally, the water-conducting laser II is moved at a second preset interval in a direction perpendicular to the guide groove 12, and the above steps are repeated until a preset number of arrays of air film through holes 11 and guide grooves 12 are prepared on the substrate 10.

[0096] In a specific embodiment, before performing step S1, step S0 is also included: assembling and debugging the preparation device, and fixing the substrate 10 on the preparation device, such as Figure 7 (a) shown.

[0097] In one embodiment, step S0 specifically includes the following steps:

[0098] S00, fix the substrate 10 to be processed on the five-axis moving platform, accurately adjust the position and angle of the substrate 10, and ensure that the processing area is accurately aligned with the focus of the water-guided laser beam.

[0099] The five-axis mobile platform is precisely controlled by the PC, and the angle is changed during the processing of the guide groove 12, so as to process the micron-level air film through hole 11 and the guide groove 12 structure.

[0100] S01, adjust the power of the laser according to the required processing depth and accuracy of the air film through hole 11 and the guide groove 12; adjust the speed of laser processing according to the size of the processing area and the required processing accuracy, import the pre-designed processing drawing file, and adjust the laser power of each processing area according to the file.

[0101] In one embodiment, a high-pressure water pump is turned on to provide a stable high-pressure water flow, a laser is started to generate a laser beam, and the laser beam is coupled to the water flow through an optical coupling device to form a water-conducting laser beam. After adopting 532nm water-conducting laser processing technology, the water-conducting laser processing technology reduces thermal effects, improves cutting efficiency, improves surface quality, and enhances material removal efficiency by utilizing the cooling and protective effects of water, thereby improving processing accuracy and speed as well as efficient and repeatable operating characteristics, and can accurately process the required wedge-shaped guide groove 12 and fine air film pore structure, providing a reliable preparation method for realizing this key technology.

[0102] In this embodiment, the wavelength of water-conducting laser II is 492-577 nm, the pulse width of water-conducting laser II is 150-160 ns, the power of water-conducting laser II is 40-50 W, the frequency of water-conducting laser II is 6-7 kHz, the processing speed is 5-6 mm / s, and the water pressure of the high-pressure water pump is 15-16 MPa.

[0103] In this embodiment, the laser wavelength used in steps S1 to S4 is 532nm, the laser pulse width is 150ns, the power of water-conducting laser II is 40W, the frequency is 6kHz, the processing speed is 5mm / s, and the water pressure of the high-pressure water pump is 15MPa; after importing the processing drawing file, the processing parameters and processing path are set on the PC side, and the processing is performed through automatic program control.

[0104] In a specific embodiment, Figure 7 As shown in (b), an implementable method of step S1 is further provided, which specifically includes the following steps: using water-conducting laser II to ablate the substrate 10 at a first preset angle to form an air film through hole 11 on the substrate 10, wherein the first preset angle is 30 to 60°, and the first preset angle is greater than or equal to the second preset angle.

[0105] In this embodiment, when processing the air film through hole 11, the processing angle is controlled by a computer, wherein the processing angle is a first preset angle of 60°. During the processing, the five-axis mobile platform moves in the z-axis, wherein the processing method is spiral processing, and the remaining parameters are the same as the processing parameters of the wedge-shaped guide groove 12. The diameter D of the processed air film through hole 11 is 100 μm, and the inclination angle of the opening axis of the air film through hole 11 and the horizontal direction is α=30°; the depth of the air film through hole 11 is 5 times the diameter of the air film through hole 11, that is, 500 μm.

[0106] In a specific embodiment, an implementable method of step S2 is further provided, which specifically includes the following steps: moving the water-conducting laser II at a first preset interval, repeating step S1 until a preset number of air film through holes 11 are completed, wherein the first preset interval is 2 to 10D, D is the diameter of the air film through hole 11, D = 100 μm, and in specific implementation, the water-conducting laser II can be arranged along the length direction or the width direction of the substrate 10 to process multiple air film through holes 11 with the same interval in the same straight line direction.

[0107] In this embodiment, the first preset interval is △=6D, ie, 600 μm.

[0108] In a specific embodiment, Figure 7 As shown in (c), an implementable method of step S3 is further provided, which specifically includes the following steps: aligning the water-conducting laser II with the air film through hole 11, and ablating the substrate 10 with the water-conducting laser II at a preset second angle along the straight direction of the plurality of air film through holes 11, so as to form a guide groove 12 on the substrate 10, wherein the second preset angle is 30 to 60°, and the first preset angle is greater than or equal to the second preset angle.

[0109] In this embodiment, when processing the wedge-shaped guide groove 12, the five-axis mobile platform is precisely controlled by a computer, and the processing angle and processing position are controlled under the control of the processing program, wherein the processing angle is a second preset angle of 30°, and the height of the specifically processed guide groove 12 is H=1.25D, where D is the diameter of the air film through hole 11 of 100 μm, i.e., 125 μm; the width of the guide groove 12 is W=3D, i.e., 300 μm.

[0110] In a specific embodiment, a method for implementing step S4 is further provided, which specifically includes the following steps: moving the water guide laser II at a second preset interval in a direction perpendicular to the guide groove 12, and repeating steps S1 to S3 until a preset number of guide grooves 12 are completed, such as Figure 7 As shown in (d), the second preset interval is 2 to 10D, and D is the diameter of the air film through hole 11, which is 100 μm.

[0111] In this embodiment, the second preset interval is △=6D, ie, 600 μm.

[0112] It should be pointed out that the processing from step S1 to step S4 is under the precise control of the computer control system, the relative position between the processing platform and the water-guided laser beam is adjusted, and the various parts are processed using appropriate processing parameters mentioned above, so as to effectively manufacture the micron-level guide groove 12 and air film through hole 11 structure, and during the processing, the processing parameters and the quality of the processed surface are monitored in real time to ensure that the processing accuracy and surface quality meet the requirements.

[0113] In a specific embodiment, step S4 further includes the following steps: after the processing is completed, the laser and the high-pressure water pump are turned off, and the processed ceramic plate is removed from the fixture for subsequent inspection and processing.

[0114] See also Fig. 9 This embodiment provides a bionic structure preparation device based on water-conducting laser, which is used to perform the preparation method of the above embodiment to prepare the bionic structure 1 of the above embodiment, including:

[0115] A control terminal 4, including a computer 40 and a motion controller 41;

[0116] A five-axis workbench 5, which is connected to the control terminal 4 by signal, and is used to control the processing position of the substrate 10;

[0117] Among them, the five-axis workbench 5 includes three linear axes (X, Y, Z) and two rotation axes (A, B or A, C). The three linear axes enable the water-guided laser to move along three linear directions (usually left and right, front and back, and up and down); the two rotation axis (A, B or A, C) turntable provides two rotational degrees of freedom, which are usually used to adjust the spatial direction of the workpiece to achieve complex angle processing; A axis: rotates around the X axis, and the angle range is usually ±90° or more; B axis: rotates around the Y axis, and the angle range is generally ±90° or more; C axis: rotates around the Z axis, and the angle range can reach 360°.

[0118] The water-conducting laser processing system 6 is connected to the control terminal 4 by signal, and includes a laser 60, a CCD camera 61 and an optical component 62, wherein the optical component 62 includes a beam splitter 620, a focusing lens group 621, a coupling cavity 622 and a beam expanding collimating lens group 623. The light source of the laser 60 is introduced into the optical system through an optical fiber and is incident on the beam expanding collimating lens group 623, the beam splitter 620, the focusing lens group 621 and the coupling cavity 622 in sequence, and the light source of the CCD camera 61 irradiates the focusing lens group 621 and the coupling cavity 622 in sequence;

[0119] A water supply system 7, the water supply system 7 is coupled with the water guide processing system 6 via a coupling cavity 622;

[0120] Air supply system 8, which cooperates with water supply system 7.

[0121] During the working process of this embodiment, the control terminal 4 is used to control the operation of the five-axis workbench 5, the water-guided laser processing system 6, and the water supply system 7 to execute the preparation method of the above embodiment to obtain the bionic structure 1 of the above embodiment.

[0122] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention combines the Leidenfrost effect, water-guided laser technology and simulation optimization, designs a collaborative structure of micron-scale stacked wedge-shaped guide grooves 12 and micron-scale air film through holes 11, innovatively solves the key problem of high-temperature metal melt transfer I, and provides a new preparation method for the isolation of high-temperature metal melt I. The promotion and application of this structure, the metal melt transfer device and the preparation method will bring significant economic benefits and technological progress to related industrial fields.

[0123] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0124] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the specification of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, for example. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0125] Finally, it should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are merely used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

Claims

1. A bionic structure based on water-guided laser, characterized in that: Including substrate; The substrate is provided with a plurality of micron-sized air film through holes and a plurality of micron-sized flow guide grooves; A plurality of the air film through holes are arranged in an array on the substrate, and the plurality of the air film through holes are used to introduce an inert gas having a temperature higher than that of the metal melt; The plurality of guide grooves are all located on the upper surface of the substrate, the plurality of guide grooves are arranged along the same axial direction, the groove directions of the guide grooves are inclined with respect to the surface of the substrate, and the same guide groove is connected with a plurality of the air film through holes.

2. The bionic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening axis of the air film through hole is inclined with respect to the surface of the substrate, and the opening axis of the air film through hole is in the same inclination direction as the opening axis of the guide groove.

3. The bionic structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The opening axis of the air film through hole has an inclination angle of 30 to 60 degrees, the ratio of the depth of the air film through hole to the diameter of the air film through hole is 5 to 10, and the distance between adjacent air film through holes is 2 to 10 times the diameter of the air film through hole.

4. The bionic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the direction away from the air film through hole, the cross-sectional area of ​​the guide groove gradually decreases.

5. The bionic structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The guide groove is a wedge-shaped guide groove, the wide end surface of the wedge-shaped guide groove is tangent to the surface of the air film through hole, and the angle between the narrow end surface of the wedge-shaped guide groove and the upper surface of the base is 0-5°.

6. The bionic structure according to any one of claims 1, 4 and 5, characterized in that: The opening direction angle of the guide groove is 30 to 60 degrees, the height of the guide groove is 1 to 2 times the diameter of the air film through hole, and the distance between adjacent guide grooves is 2 to 10 times the diameter of the air film through hole.

7. The application method of the bionic structure based on water-guided laser is characterized by: In a transfer device for molten metal, the bionic structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is applied, comprising the following steps: Connecting the plurality of air film through holes to the air chamber; An inert gas is introduced into the gas chamber to form a continuous and stable gas phase layer on the upper surface of the bionic structure, wherein the temperature of the inert gas is higher than the temperature of the metal melt.

8. An application device of a bionic structure based on water-guided laser, characterized in that: The application method according to claim 7 is applied, comprising: A shell for the flow of molten metal; The bionic structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the bionic structure is arranged in the shell, and an air chamber is formed between the bionic structure and the bottom surface of the shell; An air pump, wherein the air pump is an adjustable flow air pump; A gas source is connected to the gas chamber through the air pump, and the gas supply temperature of the gas source is higher than the temperature of the metal melt.

9. A method for preparing a bionic structure based on water-guided laser, characterized in that: The method for preparing the bionic structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises the following steps: S1, using a water-conducting laser to ablate a substrate at a first preset angle, so as to form an air film through hole on the substrate; S2, moving the water-conducting laser at a first preset interval, and repeating step S1 until a preset number of the air film through holes are completed; S3, aiming a water-guided laser at the air film through holes, and ablating the substrate at a preset second angle along a straight line direction where the plurality of air film through holes are located, so as to form a guide groove on the substrate; S4, moving the water guide laser at a second preset interval along a direction perpendicular to the guide grooves, and repeating steps S1 to S3 until a preset number of the guide grooves are completed.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first preset angle is 30-60°, the second preset angle is 30-60°, and the first preset angle is greater than or equal to the second preset angle; the wavelength of the water-conducting laser is 492-577nm, the pulse width of the water-conducting laser is 150-160ns, the power of the water-conducting laser is 40-50W, the frequency of the water-conducting laser is 6-7kHz, the processing speed is 5-6mm / s, and the water pressure of the water pump is 15-16MPa.

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