Overload-preventing hoisting system for hoisting crane

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-overload hoisting system for a hoisting crane, and relates to the technical field of cranes. According to the invention, devices such as the hoisting pressure sensor, the lateral pressure sensor and the wind power impeller are arranged on the lifting hook and the supporting platform, so that multiple parameters such as vertical load, horizontal component force and wind speed can be monitored in real time; the swinging acceleration and the moving speed of the steel wire rope are accurately analyzed, and when risks such as overload, swinging or too fast lifting occur, an alarm is given out in time, so that the safety and reliability of hoisting operation are comprehensively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cranes, and in particular to an anti-overload hoisting system for a hoisting crane. Background Art

[0002] At present, many lifting machinery are only equipped with traditional overload limiters or weight sensors during operation to monitor the weight of heavy objects. Such devices can usually only warn of vertical gravity loads, and often lack accurate monitoring methods for horizontal sway or secondary loads caused by wind force, improper hoisting operation and other factors during the hoisting process. When the external environment is complex, the space is narrow or the operation rhythm is too fast, the boom and wire rope are susceptible to multi-directional overload impact, resulting in structural stress concentration or fatigue damage. In addition, although some lifting equipment can provide weight display or swing warning, it is difficult to capture the sudden increase in dynamic load in time due to the lack of real-time detection of acceleration and horizontal force. Operators can only rely on experience to make adjustments. If the speed is too fast when lifting the limit weight, safety accidents such as wire rope breakage may occur. Furthermore, key parameters such as wind speed, swing amplitude of hanging objects and lifting speed are currently mostly qualitative or manually estimated, and high-precision quantitative monitoring cannot be achieved. Once a dangerous situation occurs, it is often difficult to take effective remedial measures in time. Therefore, an improved solution that can achieve multi-dimensional real-time monitoring and rapid alarm is needed to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology in terms of safety and reliability. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an anti-overload hoisting system for a hoisting crane, comprising two parallel sliding guide rods installed on the boom, sliding support blocks are slidably sleeved on the two sliding guide rods, and a support platform is slidably overlapped on the two sliding support blocks. At least one steering roller is rotatably installed on the support platform through a steering roller bracket, and an arc groove is provided on the circumferential surface of the steering roller to prevent the wire rope from falling off the steering roller; it also includes an acceleration detection component for detecting overload of the wire rope, the acceleration detection component includes two symmetrically arranged conductive sliders, and the two conductive sliders are conductively slidably matched with the wire rope; it also includes a hoisting part fixed at the bottom end of the wire rope, and the hoisting part includes a hook for hanging heavy objects and a steel ball for measuring swing acceleration.

[0004] Preferably, a sliding groove is provided on the sliding support block, a protrusion matching the sliding groove is provided on the supporting platform, a boss is provided on the lower surface of the supporting platform, the boss is integrally arranged with the supporting platform, and a lateral pressure sensor is provided between the boss and the two sliding support blocks.

[0005] Preferably, a corner frame is also fixedly installed on the support platform, and a lower pressure roller is rotatably installed on the corner frame, and the lower pressure roller rolls with the wire rope; the acceleration detection component includes an extension bracket fixedly installed on the corner frame, and two permanent magnets are fixedly installed on the extension bracket through a permanent magnet bracket, and the two permanent magnets are located on the upper and lower sides of the wire rope.

[0006] Preferably, a conductive slider guide rod bracket is also fixedly mounted on the extension bracket, and two conductive slider guide rods are fixedly mounted on the conductive slider guide rod bracket, both ends of the two conductive slider guide rods extend to both sides of the conductive slider guide rod bracket, and the two conductive sliders are slidably mounted on the conductive slider guide rods, and conductive slider extrusion springs are arranged around the two end positions of one of the conductive slider guide rods, one end of the conductive slider extrusion spring is fixed to the end of the conductive slider guide rod, and the other end of the conductive slider extrusion spring is fixed to the conductive slider, and is used to squeeze the two conductive sliders close to each other.

[0007] Preferably, the lifting part includes a lifting disc fixed to the bottom end of the wire rope, a lifting pressure sensor is overlapped on the lifting disc, a supporting pressure sleeve is overlapped on the lifting pressure sensor, the edge of the supporting pressure sleeve surrounds the lifting disc and the lifting pressure sensor, and the supporting pressure sleeve is fixed to the hook mounting disc, and the hook mounting disc is fixed to the hook.

[0008] Preferably, a detection shell is fixedly mounted on the supporting pressure casing, a breathable plate is fixedly mounted on the detection shell, a plurality of breathable holes are provided on the breathable plate, and a plurality of wind impellers are arranged on the circumferential surface of the detection shell for detecting the air flow rate.

[0009] Preferably, a closed cavity is fixedly mounted on the air-permeable plate via a closed cavity bracket, an arc-shaped concave resistor disk is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the closed cavity, wherein a steel ball is overlapped on the arc-shaped concave resistor disk, and the steel ball is suspended on the top of the closed cavity via a conductive wire.

[0010] Preferably, the conductive wire is conductively matched with the arc-shaped concave resistor disk through the steel ball, and the steel ball and the arc-shaped concave resistor disk are conductively matched by sliding.

[0011] Preferably, a gearbox and an induction generator are also fixedly mounted on the support platform, the output end of the gearbox is fixed to the input end of the induction generator, the input end of the gearbox is matched with the steering roller through a detection drive belt and a ratchet assembly, wherein the inner ratchet of the ratchet assembly is fixed to the input shaft of the gearbox, the outer ratchet of the ratchet assembly is matched with the detection drive belt, and the detection drive belt is matched with the steering roller through a rotating shaft.

[0012] Preferably, a protective cover is fixedly mounted on the supporting platform, and the protective cover is sleeved on the outer side of the steering roller.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The anti-overload hoisting system provided by the present invention can monitor the lifting weight in real time and issue an alarm when the rated load is exceeded. By arranging a hoisting pressure sensor on the hook and its connecting structure, the pressure signal applied by the weight can be collected and analyzed in time. Once the weight exceeds the safe range, the system will quickly issue a prompt or alarm signal to remind the operator to take preventive measures, thereby effectively avoiding misoperation and equipment damage, and greatly improving the safety of the hoisting operation; (2) During the hoisting process of the present invention, if the weight moves too fast or is affected by external wind and swings significantly, the system will use the wind impeller to detect the wind speed in time, and combine the relative sliding between the arc-shaped concave resistor disk and the steel ball to determine the swing acceleration. When it is detected that the swing speed or acceleration of the weight increases abnormally, the system can immediately issue an alarm to remind the operator to slow down or hover, thereby effectively preventing the wire rope and the boom from being fatigued due to additional dynamic loads; (3) The present invention sets a lateral pressure sensor between the steering roller and the support platform to accurately capture the horizontal component force that may occur during the hoisting process. Once the steering roller generates a large horizontal thrust due to the swing of the heavy object, the lateral pressure sensor will detect the force and trigger an alarm. Since the boom generally has a stronger load-bearing capacity in the vertical direction and is more fragile in the horizontal direction, the lateral pressure sensor can significantly reduce the risk of stress overload or structural damage to the boom, and improve the stability and service life of the equipment operation; (4) The present invention adopts a composite detection method of induction generator and permanent magnet cutting magnetic lines of force, which can fully grasp the lifting speed and acceleration of the wire rope. When the wire rope drives the steering roller to rotate, the induction generator is linked to the ratchet assembly and the gearbox to generate a measurable voltage, which reflects the lifting speed in real time; at the same time, when the wire rope moves, it cuts the magnetic lines of force of the permanent magnets on both sides, which will generate a potential difference between the conductive sliders. By monitoring the changes in the potential difference, the acceleration can be further known. The dual monitoring mechanism ensures that operators can make timely adjustments at different stages of the operation, improve the lifting efficiency and prevent the risks of overload and rope breakage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the protective cover structure of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the boss of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the support platform of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0019] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the hoisting part of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 101-sliding guide rod; 102-sliding support block; 103-support platform; 104-protective cover; 105-steering roller bracket; 106-boss; 107-lateral pressure sensor; 108-steering roller; 109-wire rope; 110-corner frame; 111-lower pressure roller; 112-detection transmission belt; 113-ratchet assembly; 114-gearbox; 115-induction generator; 116-extension bracket; 117-permanent magnet; 118-permanent magnet bracket; 119-guide Electric slider; 120-conductive slider guide rod; 121-conductive slider extrusion spring; 122-conductive slider guide rod bracket; 201-detection housing; 202-wind impeller; 203-air permeable plate; 204-air vent; 205-closed cavity bracket; 206-closed cavity; 207-conductive wire; 208-steel ball; 209-arc-shaped concave resistor disk; 210-support pressure housing; 211-hoisting pressure sensor; 212-hoisting disc; 213-hook mounting disc; 214-hook. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following is combined with Figure 1-6 , and further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention through specific implementation methods.

[0022] The present invention provides an anti-overload hoisting system for a hoisting crane, comprising two parallel sliding guide rods 101 installed on a boom, sliding support blocks 102 are slidably sleeved on the two sliding guide rods 101, support platforms 103 are slidably overlapped on the two sliding support blocks 102, at least one steering roller 108 is rotatably installed on the support platform 103 through a steering roller bracket 105, and an arc groove is provided on the circumferential surface of the steering roller 108 to prevent a steel wire rope 109 from falling off the steering roller 108; the system also comprises an acceleration detection component for detecting overload of the steel wire rope 109, the acceleration detection component comprises two symmetrically arranged conductive sliders 119, and the two conductive sliders 119 are conductively slidably matched with the steel wire rope 109; the system also comprises a hoisting part fixed at the bottom end of the steel wire rope 109, the hoisting part comprises a hook 214 for hanging a heavy object and a steel ball 208 for measuring swing acceleration. A slide groove is provided on the sliding support block 102, a protrusion matching the slide groove is provided on the supporting platform 103, a boss 106 is provided on the lower surface of the supporting platform 103, the boss 106 is integrally provided with the supporting platform 103, and a lateral pressure sensor 107 is provided between the boss 106 and the two sliding support blocks 102. A corner frame 110 is also fixedly installed on the supporting platform 103, a lower pressure roller 111 is rotatably installed on the corner frame 110, and the lower pressure roller 111 and the wire rope 109 are in rolling cooperation.

[0023] The acceleration detection assembly includes an extension bracket 116 fixedly mounted on the corner frame 110, and two permanent magnets 117 are fixedly mounted on the extension bracket 116 through a permanent magnet bracket 118, and the two permanent magnets 117 are located on the upper and lower sides of the steel wire rope 109. A conductive slider guide rod bracket 122 is also fixedly mounted on the extension bracket 116, and two conductive slider guide rods 120 are fixedly mounted on the conductive slider guide rod bracket 122, and both ends of the two conductive slider guide rods 120 extend to both sides of the conductive slider guide rod bracket 122, and two conductive sliders 119 are slidably mounted on the conductive slider guide rod 120, and a conductive slider extrusion spring 121 is arranged around the two ends of one of the conductive slider guide rods 120, one end of the conductive slider extrusion spring 121 is fixed to the end of the conductive slider guide rod 120, and the other end of the conductive slider extrusion spring 121 is fixed to the conductive slider 119, which is used to squeeze the two conductive sliders 119 close to each other.

[0024] The hoisting part includes a hoisting disc 212 fixed to the bottom end of the steel wire rope 109, a hoisting pressure sensor 211 is overlapped on the hoisting disc 212, a supporting pressure housing 210 is overlapped on the hoisting pressure sensor 211, the edge of the supporting pressure housing 210 surrounds the hoisting disc 212 and the hoisting pressure sensor 211, and the supporting pressure housing 210 is fixed to the hook mounting plate 213, and the hook mounting plate 213 is fixed to the hook 214. A detection housing 201 is also fixedly mounted on the supporting pressure housing 210, a breathable plate 203 is fixedly mounted on the detection housing 201, a plurality of breathable holes 204 are provided on the breathable plate 203, and a plurality of wind impellers 202 are provided on the circumferential surface of the detection housing 201 for detecting the flow rate of air. A closed cavity 206 is fixedly mounted on the air permeable plate 203 via a closed cavity bracket 205, and an arc-shaped concave resistor disk 209 is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the closed cavity 206, wherein a steel ball 208 is overlapped on the arc-shaped concave resistor disk 209, and the steel ball 208 is suspended on the top of the closed cavity 206 via a conductive wire 207. The conductive wire 207 is electrically conductively matched with the arc-shaped concave resistor disk 209 via the steel ball 208, and the steel ball 208 is electrically conductively matched with the arc-shaped concave resistor disk 209 by sliding. A gearbox 114 and an induction generator 115 are also fixedly mounted on the support platform 103. The output end of the gearbox 114 is fixed to the input end of the induction generator 115. The input end of the gearbox 114 is matched with the steering roller 108 through a detection transmission belt 112 and a ratchet assembly 113. The inner ratchet of the ratchet assembly 113 is fixed to the input shaft of the gearbox 114. The outer ratchet of the ratchet assembly 113 is matched with the detection transmission belt 112. The detection transmission belt 112 is matched with the steering roller 108 through a rotating shaft. A protective cover 104 is fixedly mounted on the support platform 103. The protective cover 104 is sleeved on the outer side of the steering roller 108.

[0025] The working principle of an anti-overload hoisting system for a hoisting crane disclosed in the present invention is as follows: one end of a steel wire rope 109 is connected to a steel wire drum of the crane, and a sliding support block 102 and a supporting platform 103 are connected to another transmission device, which can be an independent steel wire transmission mechanism, used to drive the sliding support block 102 to move on the sliding guide rod 101, and the heavy object mounted on the hook 214 will apply force to the support pressure housing 210, and the support pressure housing 210 will squeeze the hoisting pressure sensor 211, and the weight of the heavy object can be detected by the hoisting pressure sensor 211, and an alarm will be issued if it is overloaded. At the same time, when hoisting heavy objects, since the heavy object is in the air, if the speed is too fast when moving, the steel wire rope 109 will swing, and the relative speed between the heavy object and the air will increase. The air flow rate can be detected by the wind impeller 202, and the swing speed can be obtained, and an alarm will be issued if the speed is too fast. When the heavy object is swinging, there will be an acceleration. If the acceleration is too fast, the tension on the wire rope 109 will increase. That is to say, when the weight of the heavy object is not overloaded, if the acceleration of the swing is too fast, the wire rope 109 will be subjected to overload tension. At this time, the actual tension on the wire rope 109 will be greater than the weight of the heavy object. Therefore, when the swing is too fast, relative sliding will occur between the arc-shaped concave resistor disk 209 and the steel ball 208, causing the steel ball 208 to be no longer at the center of the arc-shaped concave resistor disk 209 (the center point of the arc-shaped concave resistor disk 209 is close to the guide wire 208). The wire 207 forms a closed loop, and the acceleration can be determined by detecting the current in the loop). This is because the steel ball 208 and the arc-shaped concave resistor disk 209 are not in a fixed relationship. When the arc-shaped concave resistor disk 209 swings with the weight (the acceleration is too fast), the steel ball 208 still stays in place. At this time, the resistance of the conductive wire 207, the steel ball 208 and the center of the arc-shaped concave resistor disk 209 will increase (the greater the acceleration, the greater the displacement of the steel ball 208 sliding on the arc-shaped concave resistor disk 209, the greater the increase in resistance, and the smaller the current).

[0026] When the heavy object swings, it will not only generate a vertical pulling force on the wire rope 109, but also apply a horizontal force component to the steering roller 108 through the wire rope 109. At this time, the boom will also bear the horizontal force component. If the horizontal force component is too large, it will cause damage to the boom (the boom is generally only strengthened in the vertical plane and has a poor ability to withstand horizontal loads). The horizontal overload can be detected by the lateral pressure sensor 107. When there is a horizontal force component, the steering roller 108 will apply force to the support platform 103, and then squeeze the lateral pressure sensor 107 through the boss 106.

[0027] When lifting a heavy object with a mass limit, it is necessary to lift it slowly. If the speed is too fast, the limit tension of the wire rope 109 will be exceeded, and the wire rope 109 may break. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the acceleration of the wire rope 109 lifting the heavy object (detect the moving speed of the wire rope 109), wherein the movement of the wire rope 109 will drive the steering roller 108 to rotate, and the rotation of the steering roller 108 will drive the input shaft of the gearbox 114 to rotate through the detection belt 112 and the ratchet assembly 113 (the function of the ratchet assembly 113 is to drive the input shaft of the gearbox 114 to rotate only when the wire rope 109 moves upward), and the output shaft of the gearbox 114 drives the input shaft of the induction generator 115 to rotate. Therefore, when the speed is too fast, the voltage generated by the induction generator 115 will also increase. The moving speed of the wire rope 109 can be determined by detecting the voltage generated by the induction generator 115. In addition, the movement of the wire rope 109 will cause it to cut the magnetic lines of force between the two permanent magnets 117, thereby generating a potential difference on both sides of the wire rope 109. Since the conductive slider 119 cooperates with the two sides of the wire rope 109 for conductivity, it is only necessary to measure the potential difference between the two conductive sliders 119 to determine the moving speed of the wire rope 109 (the speed of change of the potential difference is the acceleration of the wire rope 109).

Claims

1. An anti-overload hoisting system for a hoisting crane, characterized in that: The invention comprises two parallel sliding guide rods (101) mounted on a boom, wherein a sliding support block (102) is slidably sleeved on the two sliding guide rods (101), a support platform (103) is slidably overlapped on the two sliding support blocks (102), at least one steering roller (108) is rotatably mounted on the support platform (103) via a steering roller bracket (105), and an arc-shaped groove is provided on the circumferential surface of the steering roller (108) for preventing a steel wire rope (109) from falling off the steering roller (108); Also included is an acceleration detection component for detecting overload of the steel wire rope (109), the acceleration detection component comprising two symmetrically arranged conductive sliders (119), the two conductive sliders (119) being in conductive sliding cooperation with the steel wire rope (109); It also includes a hanging part fixed to the bottom end of the steel wire rope (109), the hanging part including a hanging hook (214) for hanging a heavy object and a steel ball (208) for measuring the swing acceleration.

2. The anti-overload hoisting system for a hoisting crane according to claim 1, characterized in that: A slide groove is provided on the sliding support block (102), a protrusion matching the slide groove is provided on the support platform (103), a boss (106) is provided on the lower surface of the support platform (103), the boss (106) and the support platform (103) are integrally arranged, and a lateral pressure sensor (107) is provided between the boss (106) and the two sliding support blocks (102).

3. The anti-overload hoisting system for a hoisting crane according to claim 2, characterized in that: A corner frame (110) is also fixedly mounted on the support platform (103), a lower pressure roller (111) is rotatably mounted on the corner frame (110), and the lower pressure roller (111) and the steel wire rope (109) are in rolling cooperation; The acceleration detection assembly comprises an extension bracket (116) fixedly mounted on a corner bracket (110), two permanent magnets (117) fixedly mounted on the extension bracket (116) via a permanent magnet bracket (118), and the two permanent magnets (117) are located on the upper and lower sides of the steel wire rope (109).

4. The anti-overload hoisting system for a hoisting crane according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A conductive slider guide rod bracket (122) is also fixedly mounted on the extension bracket (116), and two conductive slider guide rods (120) are fixedly mounted on the conductive slider guide rod bracket (122). Both ends of the two conductive slider guide rods (120) extend to both sides of the conductive slider guide rod bracket (122), and two conductive sliders (119) are slidably mounted on the conductive slider guide rods (120). A conductive slider extrusion spring (121) is arranged around both ends of one of the conductive slider guide rods (120), one end of the conductive slider extrusion spring (121) is fixed to the end of the conductive slider guide rod (120), and the other end of the conductive slider extrusion spring (121) is fixed to the conductive slider (119), and is used to squeeze the two conductive sliders (119) closer to each other.

5. The anti-overload hoisting system for a hoisting crane according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hoisting part comprises a hoisting disc (212) fixed to the bottom end of the steel wire rope (109), a hoisting pressure sensor (211) overlapped on the hoisting disc (212), a supporting pressure casing (210) overlapped on the hoisting pressure sensor (211), the edge of the supporting pressure casing (210) surrounds the hoisting disc (212) and the hoisting pressure sensor (211), and the supporting pressure casing (210) is fixed to the hook mounting disc (213), and the hook mounting disc (213) is fixed to the hook (214).

6. The anti-overload hoisting system for a hoisting crane according to claim 5, characterized in that: A detection housing (201) is also fixedly mounted on the supporting pressure casing (210), a ventilation plate (203) is fixedly mounted on the detection housing (201), a plurality of ventilation holes (204) are provided on the ventilation plate (203), and a plurality of wind impellers (202) are arranged on the circumferential surface of the detection housing (201) for detecting the flow rate of air.

7. The anti-overload hoisting system for a hoisting crane according to claim 6, characterized in that: A closed cavity (206) is fixedly mounted on the air permeable plate (203) via a closed cavity bracket (205), and an arc-shaped concave resistor disk (209) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the closed cavity (206), wherein a steel ball (208) is overlapped on the arc-shaped concave resistor disk (209), and the steel ball (208) is suspended on the top of the closed cavity (206) via a conductive wire (207).

8. The anti-overload hoisting system for a hoisting crane according to claim 7, characterized in that: The conductive wire (207) is electrically conductively matched with the arc-shaped concave resistor disk (209) through the steel ball (208), and the steel ball (208) and the arc-shaped concave resistor disk (209) are electrically conductively matched by sliding.

9. The anti-overload hoisting system for a hoisting crane according to claim 8, characterized in that: A gearbox (114) and an induction generator (115) are also fixedly mounted on the support platform (103); the output end of the gearbox (114) is fixed to the input end of the induction generator (115); the input end of the gearbox (114) is in transmission cooperation with the steering roller (108) via a detection transmission belt (112) and a ratchet assembly (113); the inner ratchet of the ratchet assembly (113) is fixed to the input shaft of the gearbox (114); the outer ratchet of the ratchet assembly (113) is in transmission cooperation with the detection transmission belt (112); and the detection transmission belt (112) is in transmission cooperation with the steering roller (108) via a rotating shaft.

10. The anti-overload hoisting system for a hoisting crane according to claim 9, characterized in that: A protective cover (104) is fixedly mounted on the support platform (103), and the protective cover (104) is sleeved on the outer side of the steering roller (108).

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