The invention discloses an intelligent agricultural production system based on rail transportation and a use method. The intelligent agricultural production system based on rail transportation comprises a ground rail system, an air rail system, an air rail lifting transportation device, a photographing detecting and online trading system, a harvesting and fertilizing controlling system and a picking and sprinkling irrigation control system. According to the intelligent agricultural production system based on rail transportation and the use method, a unified transportation and working platform is provided for various agricultural machines, and therefore automatic transportation, photographing monitoring, fertilizing, picking, sprinkling irrigation and other work of agricultural products can be achieved, and remote control can be conducted through a mobile control terminal. Meanwhile, real-time online sharing and online trading of agricultural product information between a farmer and a purchaser can be achieved. The intelligent agricultural production system based on rail transportation and the use method are suitable for large farms in China, automatic management and intelligent production of the large farms can be achieved, and the prospect in the future is wide.