The invention provides a synchronous linkage XAFS measuring device and method based on a Rowland circle, and belongs to the technical field of X-
ray analysis and measurement. The device comprises a fixedly-arranged X-
ray source, an actively-driven rotating arm, a motion platform, a
crystal monochromator, a
detector, a corresponding connecting rod and a sliding rail
assembly. The rotating arm rotates around a
light source excitation point of the X-
ray source, the motion platform is driven to move by utilizing the Rowland circle geometry principle, and meanwhile, automatic adjustment of the Bragg angle of the
crystal monochromator and synchronous tracking and positioning of the
detector are achieved through the constraint effect of the fixed connecting rod and the telescopic connecting rod. According to the device, an X-ray
diffraction light path is always kept on a dynamic Rowland circle, the optimal focusing condition of the light path is ensured, the
measurement precision and efficiency of an X-ray absorption
fine structure spectrum are improved, the measurement process is simplified, positioning errors caused by multi-axis independent movement in a traditional device are eliminated, and the device is suitable for
fine structure analysis in the fields of material science,
chemistry,
physics and the like.