Variable-section dynamic regulation and control oil refining tower

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of complex mixture separation equipment in the field of chemical engineering, in particular to a variable-section dynamic regulation and control oil refining tower which comprises a tower barrel and a tower plate and further comprises a baffle ring which is formed on the upper side of the tower plate in a protruding mode and divides the tower plate into a flow gathering area in the middle and an overflow area on the periphery. The floating valve is located in the flow gathering area; the downcomer is located in the overflow area, and the baffle ring is disconnected at the downcomer, so that liquid in the conflux area can flow to the downcomer; and the overflow weir is convexly formed on one side, close to the conflux area, of the tower plate corresponding to the downcomer, and is lower than the upper side of the baffle ring. Under the condition of different liquid flows, the flow direction and distribution of the liquid can be effectively controlled, the liquid is prevented from being excessively accumulated on the tower plate, and the problems that the normal flow mode is damaged due to abnormal rising of the liquid level caused by liquid flow changes, and gas-liquid contact is poor are solved; therefore, the mass transfer efficiency and the separation effect of the oil refining tower under different flow working conditions are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of complex mixture separation equipment in the chemical industry, and in particular to a variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower. Background Art

[0002] A refinery tower, also known as a fractionation tower or distillation tower, is an important piece of equipment used to separate different components in crude oil during the oil refining process. By heating, the various hydrocarbons in the crude oil are separated at different heights in the refinery tower according to their different boiling points. The lighter components evaporate and condense at the upper part of the tower, while the heavier components are collected at the lower level.

[0003] When traditional refinery towers process liquids of different flow rates, the contact area between liquid and gas is reduced under low flow conditions, which may lead to reduced mass transfer efficiency and affect the separation effect. When the liquid flow rate is too large, it may exceed the overflow capacity of the tower plate, resulting in the inability of the liquid to flow from one tower plate to another in time, thus destroying the normal flow pattern, and then causing the liquid level on the tower plate to rise abnormally, preventing the float valve from closing or opening correctly, resulting in airflow short circuit or poor gas-liquid contact.

[0004] Although there are some improved tower plate designs on the market, such as adding overflow weirs or adjusting the tower plate spacing, these methods do not fundamentally solve the problems caused by changes in liquid flow and still cannot effectively prevent excessive accumulation of liquid on the tower plates.

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, a new solution is urgently needed to overcome these problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the problems mentioned in the background technology, the present application provides a variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower.

[0007] The present application provides a variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower, which adopts the following technical solution: A variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower, comprising a tower barrel and a tower plate, and also comprising: A baffle ring is formed protrudingly on the upper side of the tower plate, dividing the tower plate into a central flow-gathering area and a peripheral overflow area; Float valve, located in the flow-gathering area; A downcomer located in the overflow area, wherein the baffle ring is disconnected at the downcomer position so that the liquid in the gathering area can flow to the downcomer; The overflow weir is protrudingly formed on the side of the downcomer corresponding to the tower plate close to the gathering area and is lower than the upper side of the baffle ring.

[0008] By adopting the above technical scheme, a retaining ring is set on the tower plate to separate it into a gathering area and an overflow area, and the float valve is located in the gathering area, that is, the gathering area belongs to the normal working area. Under low flow and normal flow conditions, the gathering area cooperates with the overflow weir to ensure normal gas-liquid contact and mass transfer. The liquid above the downcomer will flow down through the downcomer, guiding the flow direction of the liquid to ensure normal operation. When the flow rate is high, when the discharge speed of the downcomer cannot be met, excessive liquid will flow to the overflow area for buffering, which is equivalent to increasing the working area of ​​the tower plate and the cross-section for accommodating liquid, thereby reducing the pressure in the gathering area, avoiding excessive liquid accumulation in the gathering area, and ensuring the normal operation of the float valve. In summary, it is achieved that under different liquid flow conditions, the flow direction and distribution of the liquid can be effectively controlled to avoid excessive accumulation of liquid on the tower plate, and to prevent abnormal increase of liquid level due to changes in liquid flow from destroying the normal flow pattern and poor gas-liquid contact, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency and separation effect of the refinery tower under different flow conditions.

[0009] Optionally, also include: Overflow trough, opened in the gathering area; The one-way valve is installed in the overflow tank and allows opening from top to bottom.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, an overflow groove is opened in the gathering area and a one-way valve is set, which is allowed to be opened from top to bottom. When the liquid in the gathering area reaches a certain amount, it can be diverted through the overflow groove and the one-way valve, further avoiding excessive accumulation of liquid in the gathering area, better adapting to liquid conditions with different flow rates, ensuring the smoothness of liquid flow in the refinery tower and the stability of gas-liquid contact, and maintaining a good separation state.

[0011] Optionally, also include: The opening and closing plate is vertically arranged between the retaining ring and the tower tube and can swing on one side, with the lower end abutting against the tower plate and the upper end being higher than the overflow weir; When the opening and closing plate is pushed by a force on one side close to the downcomer, the overflow area can be opened.

[0012] By adopting the above technical scheme, the opening and closing plate is swingably arranged on one side between the retaining ring and the tower, with the lower end abutting against the tower plate and the upper end being higher than the overflow weir. When the side close to the downcomer is pushed by a force, the overflow area can be opened. In this way, when the liquid flow rate is large and the discharge volume of the downcomer is insufficient, the accumulated liquid can push the opening and closing plate to open, so that the overflow area can be opened in time according to the actual working conditions such as the liquid flow rate, so that the liquid can smoothly pass through the overflow area for diversion and other operations, avoiding adverse conditions such as poor gas-liquid contact caused by liquid accumulation, and ensuring that the refinery tower can stably and efficiently perform crude oil component separation.

[0013] Optionally, also include: Two slide plates are vertically arranged, with the lower end abutting against the tower plate and the upper end being higher than the overflow weir, and the two slide plates are slidably connected between the retaining ring and the tower barrel along the overflow area; The elastic member is arranged on the tower and is used to push the two slide plates to slide to the two sides of the downcomer.

[0014] By adopting the above technical scheme, the two slides are vertically arranged and can be slidably connected between the retaining ring and the tower in the overflow area. The elastic member pushes them to slide to the two sides of the downcomer. When the liquid flow is large and the displacement of the downcomer is insufficient, the accumulated liquid can push the slides on both sides of the overflow area to move, so that the overflow area can accommodate excessive liquid, thereby achieving the goal of flexibly adjusting the spatial size of the overflow area according to actual conditions, dynamically regulating the overflow of the liquid, preventing the liquid from being unable to flow out of the tower plate in time when the flow is too large, and ensuring that the liquid can flow between the tower plates according to a reasonable path and rhythm, thereby maintaining the normal operation order and separation effect of the refinery tower.

[0015] Optionally, also include: Two baffles are vertically arranged between the baffle ring and the tower, with the lower end abutting against the tower plate and the upper end being higher than the overflow weir, and are located on both sides of the downcomer to close the overflow area; The retaining ring includes a plurality of elastic arc pieces, the rear end of each elastic arc piece is fixed to the tower plate, and the front end of the rear elastic arc piece is overlapped with the outer side of the rear end of the front elastic arc piece; When the liquid in the flow-gathering area exceeds the overflow weir to a preset value, the front end of each elastic arc piece can be pushed to allow the liquid to enter the overflow area.

[0016] By adopting the above technical scheme, the two baffles can close the overflow area, and the baffle ring adopts multi-section elastic arc pieces and has a corresponding liquid-pushing opening mechanism. When the liquid in the gathering area exceeds the overflow weir to a preset value, the front end of the elastic arc piece can be pushed to allow the liquid to enter the overflow area, thereby realizing the diversion of the gathering area and achieving flexible control of the overflow area. It can be closed at the appropriate time to ensure the gathering effect at low flow, and can automatically open for diversion when the liquid volume reaches a certain level, effectively coping with liquids of different flow rates and ensuring good contact and separation efficiency of gas and liquid in the refinery tower.

[0017] Optionally, also include: The guide plate is arranged in the tower tube, located on the upper side of the tower plate, and is used to guide the liquid flowing out of the downcomer of the upper tower plate to the gathering area of ​​the lower tower plate.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, a guide plate is arranged in the tower to guide the liquid flowing out of the downcomer of the upper tower plate to the gathering area of ​​the lower tower plate, so that the liquid can flow between the tower plates in a more orderly manner, avoiding the problem of uneven gas-liquid contact caused by chaotic liquid flow, optimizing the flow path of the liquid in the entire refinery tower, and helping to improve the overall mass transfer and separation effects.

[0019] Optionally, also include: The baffle is arranged in the tower, on the upper side of the tower plate, to shield the overflow area of ​​the tower plate below.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the baffle is arranged in the tower and blocks the overflow area of ​​the lower tower plate, which can play a certain blocking and guiding role in the flow of liquid, avoid unreasonable backflow of liquid in the overflow area, and ensure that the liquid flows between the tower plates according to the established path and method, thereby maintaining the normal operation state and separation efficiency of the refinery tower.

[0021] Optionally, the upper end of the retaining ring of the lower tower plate can abut against the lower side of the baffle.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the upper end of the retaining ring of the lower tower plate can contact the lower side of the baffle plate to prevent abnormal leakage or flow turbulence of the liquid in the overflow area and the gathering area, thereby further ensuring the orderliness of the liquid flow in the refinery tower and the stability of gas-liquid contact mass transfer, and improving the separation effect.

[0023] Optionally, the float valve comprises: A valve hole is provided on the tower plate; An elastic valve cover is fixed on the upper side of the tower plate and covers the valve hole; The float is arranged in the elastic valve cover, has a diameter larger than the valve hole, and is pressed by the elastic valve cover to keep the float sealed against the valve hole. When the float is subjected to a thrust greater than the elastic force of the elastic valve cover, the valve hole opens.

[0024] By adopting the above technical scheme, the float valve adopts the structure of valve hole, elastic valve cover and float ball. The elastic valve cover presses the float ball to keep it sealed against the valve hole. When the thrust applied to the float ball is greater than the elastic force of the elastic valve cover, the valve hole opens. In this way, the opening and closing of the gas channel can be flexibly controlled according to the pressure conditions of the liquid and gas on the tower plate, thereby ensuring the timeliness and effectiveness of the gas-liquid contact, avoiding the occurrence of poor gas-liquid contact, and improving the mass transfer efficiency.

[0025] Optionally, the elastic valve cover comprises: The lower ends of the multiple elastic arc plates are fixed to the tower plates, and the upper ends are mutually abutted. Adjacent elastic arc plates are mutually abutted to form a hemispherical shape. The floating ball is located at the lower side of the multiple elastic arc plates and is pressed against the valve hole by the elastic arc plates.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the elastic valve cover is composed of multiple elastic arc plates in a hemispherical shape to press the float ball against the valve hole. This structure makes the sealing and opening of the float ball more flexible and reliable, and can better respond to actual pressure changes to change the gap between adjacent elastic arc plates, accurately control the passage of gas through the valve hole, maintain good contact and mass transfer process between gas and liquid on the tower plate, and ensure the separation effect of the refinery tower.

[0027] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. A retaining ring is set on the tower plate to separate it into a gathering area and an overflow area. The float valve is located in the gathering area, that is, the gathering area belongs to the normal working area. Under low flow and normal flow conditions, the gathering area cooperates with the overflow weir to ensure normal gas-liquid contact and mass transfer. The liquid above the downcomer will flow down through the downcomer, guiding the flow direction of the liquid to ensure normal operation. When the flow rate is high and the discharge speed of the downcomer cannot be met, the excess liquid will flow to the overflow area for buffering, which is equivalent to increasing the working area of ​​the tower plate and the cross-section for accommodating liquid, thereby reducing the pressure in the gathering area, avoiding excessive liquid accumulation in the gathering area, and ensuring the normal operation of the float valve. In summary, it is achieved that under different liquid flow conditions, the flow direction and distribution of the liquid can be effectively controlled to avoid excessive accumulation of liquid on the tower plate, prevent abnormal increase of liquid level due to changes in liquid flow, destroy the normal flow pattern, and prevent poor gas-liquid contact, thereby improving the mass transfer efficiency and separation effect of the refinery tower under different flow conditions.

[0028] 2. An overflow trough is opened in the gathering area and a one-way valve is installed, which is allowed to be opened from top to bottom. When the liquid in the gathering area reaches a certain amount, it can be diverted through the overflow trough and the one-way valve, further avoiding excessive accumulation of liquid in the gathering area, better adapting to liquid conditions with different flow rates, ensuring the smoothness of liquid flow in the refinery tower and the stability of gas-liquid contact, and maintaining a good separation state.

[0029] 3. The opening and closing plate is swingably arranged on one side between the retaining ring and the tower, with the lower end abutting against the tower plate and the upper end being higher than the overflow weir. When the side close to the downcomer is pushed by a force, the overflow area can be opened. In this way, when the liquid flow is large and the discharge volume of the downcomer is insufficient, the accumulated liquid can push the opening and closing plate to open, so that the overflow area can be opened in time according to the actual working conditions such as the liquid flow, so that the liquid can smoothly pass through the overflow area for diversion and other operations, avoiding adverse conditions such as poor gas-liquid contact caused by liquid accumulation, and ensuring that the refinery tower can stably and efficiently separate crude oil components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 Is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the oil refining tower in Example 1 of the present application; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the middle A part; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tray structure in Example 1 of the present application; Figure 4 Is a schematic diagram of the position of the skateboard in Example 2 of the present application; Figure 5 Is a schematic diagram of the overflow tank position in Example 3 of the present application; Figure 6Is a schematic diagram of the position of the opening and closing plate in Example 4 of the present application; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the elastic arc piece in Example 5 of the present application.

[0031] Description of reference numerals: 1. Tower; 11. Drain plate; 12. Baffle; 2. Tower plate; 2. Tower plate; 21. Focusing area; 22. Overflow area; 23. Slide plate; 24. Overflow trough; 25. Opening and closing plate; 26. Baffle; 3. retaining ring; 31. elastic arc piece; 4. Float valve; 41. Valve hole; 42. Elastic valve cover; 43. Float ball; 44. Elastic arc plate; 5. Downcomer; 6. Overflow weir. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are only possible technical implementations of the present invention, not all possible implementations. Those skilled in the art can completely combine the embodiments of the present invention to obtain other embodiments without creative work, and these embodiments are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The inventors of this application have found that when facing liquids with different flow rates, traditional oil refineries are prone to many problems such as reduced mass transfer efficiency at low flow rates and destruction of normal flow patterns at high flow rates. Even existing improvement measures have failed to fundamentally solve the adverse effects of changes in liquid flow rates, and the phenomenon of excessive liquid accumulation is still prominent. To this end, this application mainly adopts the following scheme, which can effectively control the flow direction and distribution of liquids, avoid excessive liquid accumulation, and improve the mass transfer efficiency and separation effect of oil refineries under different flow conditions. The following is a further detailed description of this application.

[0034] Embodiment 1, Reference Figure 1 A variable-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower provided in an embodiment of the present application includes a tower barrel 1 and a multi-layer tower plate 2.

[0035] The multi-layered trays 2 are arranged vertically in the tower barrel 1, and each layer of trays 2 is arranged horizontally. The trays 2 are also provided with baffle rings 3, float valves 4, downcomers 5, and overflow weirs 6.

[0036] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3, wherein the retaining ring 3 protrudes from the upper side of the tower plate 2 in a "C" shape. The retaining ring 3 divides the tower plate 2 into a central gathering area 21 and an outer overflow area 22. The two cooperate with each other to lay the foundation for the reasonable diversion of the liquid. The float valve 4 is located in the gathering area 21 and is a key component to ensure normal gas-liquid contact. The downcomer 5 is set in the overflow area 22 and is located at the notch position of the retaining ring 3, that is, the retaining ring 3 is disconnected at the position of the downcomer 5, so that the liquid in the gathering area 21 can flow smoothly to the downcomer 5. The overflow weir 6 is protruding from the side of the tower plate 2 corresponding to the downcomer 5 close to the gathering area 21, and its height is lower than the upper side of the retaining ring 3.

[0037] Through such a setting, the effect of maintaining stable operation of the refinery tower under different liquid flow conditions is achieved. The reason is that, at low flow and normal flow conditions, the gathering area 21 and the overflow weir 6 work together to ensure that the gas-liquid contact mass transfer is carried out in an orderly manner, and the liquid above the downcomer 5 can flow smoothly along the downcomer 5 to ensure normal operation. When high flow occurs and the discharge speed of the downcomer 5 cannot be solved, excessive liquid will flow into the overflow area 22 for buffering, which is equivalent to increasing the working area of ​​the tower plate 2 and reducing the pressure of the gathering area 21, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the float valve 4, avoiding excessive accumulation of liquid on the tower plate 2, and maintaining a good flow pattern and gas-liquid contact state.

[0038] Furthermore, the retaining ring 3 can be made of, for example, stainless steel, which can withstand the complex environmental conditions in the oil refining tower, and the side length of the retaining ring 3 is set in proportion to the size of the tower plate 2. Of course, the retaining ring 3 can also be made of a titanium alloy material with good corrosion resistance to replace the stainless steel material to meet some special oil refining process requirements.

[0039] The float valve 4 includes a valve hole 41, an elastic valve cover 42 and a floating ball 43. The valve hole 41 is opened on the tower plate 2, and its aperture size is determined according to factors such as the processing capacity of the oil refining tower. The elastic valve cover 42 is composed of a plurality of elastic arc plates 44, and the elastic arc plates 44 can be made of stainless steel metal. The lower end of the elastic arc plate 44 can be fixed on the tower plate 2 by a fixing method such as welding, and the upper ends of the plurality of elastic arc plates 44 are all bent inward, and the adjacent elastic arc plates 44 are in contact with each other in the initial state, so that the elastic valve cover 42 is bowl-shaped as a whole. The floating ball 43 is located in the elastic valve cover 42, and its diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the valve hole 41. The sealing contact with the valve hole 41 is achieved by pressing the upper end of the elastic arc plate 44. The floating ball 43 can be a stainless steel solid ball, and the surface is polished to reduce the friction between it and the elastic valve cover 42. The floating ball 43 can also be a ceramic floating ball, which has uniform density and strong chemical stability. Through this structure of the float valve 4, when the float 43 is subjected to a thrust greater than the elastic force of the elastic valve cover 42, the float 43 rises, pushing the multiple elastic arc plates 44 to bend outward, the valve hole 41 opens, and the gaps between adjacent elastic arc plates 44 will also open. As the thrust applied to the float 43 increases, the bending amplitude of the elastic arc plates 44 increases, and the gaps between adjacent elastic arc plates 44 also increase. In this way, the opening and closing of the gas channel can be flexibly controlled according to the pressure conditions of the liquid and gas on the tower plate 2, thereby ensuring the timeliness and effectiveness of the gas-liquid contact, avoiding the occurrence of poor gas-liquid contact, and improving the mass transfer efficiency.

[0040] The downcomer 5 can also be made of stainless steel and can be coated with a ceramic coating, which not only ensures the smoothness of the liquid flow, but also has sufficient strength. In addition, to ensure that the liquid flowing down the upper downcomer 5 can smoothly flow to the gathering area 21 of the lower tray 2. A guide plate 11 is fixed at a position corresponding to the adjacent trays 2 in the tower 1, and the upper end of the guide plate 11 is located at the lower end of the downcomer 5 of the upper tray 2, and the lower end of the downcomer 5 extends to the upper part of the gathering area 21 of the lower tray 2, so that the liquid flowing down the downcomer 5 can smoothly flow to the gathering area 21 below.

[0041] Furthermore, baffles 12 are fixed above the corresponding trays 2 in the tower 1. The baffles 12 are annular and can block the overflow area 22 of the lower tray 2. The baffles 12 are arranged in the tower 1 and block the overflow area 22 of the lower tray 2, which can block and guide the flow of the liquid to a certain extent, avoid unreasonable backflow of the liquid in the overflow area 22, and ensure that the liquid flows between the trays 2 according to the established path and method, so as to maintain the normal operation state and separation efficiency of the refinery.

[0042] Furthermore, the upper end of the retaining ring 3 of the lower tower plate 2 can be arranged to be able to contact the bottom surface of the baffle plate 12 to prevent abnormal leakage or flow turbulence of the liquid in the overflow area 22 and the gathering area 21, thereby ensuring the orderliness of the liquid flow in the refinery tower and the stability of the gas-liquid contact mass transfer, thereby improving the separation effect.

[0043] The implementation principle of this embodiment is: through the detailed design and reasonable matching of the components and their components such as the retaining ring 3, the float valve 4, the downcomer 5, the overflow weir 6, etc., the characteristics and mutual coordination of each component are fully utilized, and the flow direction and distribution of the liquid on the tower plate 2 are automatically and effectively regulated according to different liquid flow conditions. Regardless of low flow, normal flow or high flow conditions, excessive accumulation of liquid can be avoided to ensure good gas-liquid contact, fundamentally overcome the problems existing in traditional refineries, greatly enhance the ability of refineries to adapt to different conditions, and ensure efficient mass transfer and separation processes.

[0044] Embodiment 2, Reference Figure 4 , a variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that two slides 23 and elastic parts are configured. The two slides 23 are vertically arranged and located in the overflow area 22. The lower end of the slide 23 abuts on the tower plate 2, and the upper end exceeds the overflow weir 6 by a proper height, and can be at the same height as the retaining ring 3. The main body of the slide 23 is made of wear-resistant alloy steel. Slide blocks can be provided on the edges of both sides of the slide 23. The slide blocks and the corresponding slides on the retaining ring 3 and the tower 1 are embedded in a matching manner. Wear-resistant graphite strips can be inlaid inside the slide to further reduce the friction coefficient and ensure that the slide 23 can slide smoothly; the elastic part can be a spring, which is arranged in the slide to abut against the slide 23. When the liquid flow is normal, the elastic part pushes the slide 23 limits the space of the overflow area 22 to a suitable range. Once the liquid flow is large and the discharge volume of the downcomer 5 is insufficient, the pressure generated by the accumulated liquid overcomes the spring force and pushes the slides 23 on both sides of the overflow area 22 to move, so as to flexibly adjust the space size of the overflow area 22 according to actual conditions, dynamically regulate the overflow of the liquid, ensure the liquid flow at the position of the tower plate 2 according to a reasonable path and rhythm, enable the liquid to smoothly pass through the overflow area 22 for diversion and other operations, avoid problems such as poor gas-liquid contact caused by liquid accumulation, and ensure that the refinery tower can stably and efficiently separate crude oil components.

[0045] The implementation principle of this embodiment is: by introducing the structure of the opening and closing plate 25, the refinery tower can actively sense and regulate the overflow area 22, and can dynamically open or close the overflow channel according to the real-time liquid flow situation, accurately matching the actual needs of liquid processing, effectively preventing liquid congestion, and ensuring smooth interaction between gas and liquid, thereby optimizing the operating stability of the refinery tower, improving the adaptability to high-flow conditions, and strengthening the guarantee of crude oil separation accuracy and efficiency.

[0046] Embodiment 3, Reference Figure 5 , a variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower, the difference between this embodiment and the above embodiment is that, in this embodiment, two components, an overflow groove 24 and a one-way valve, are also provided. The overflow groove 24 is opened at the side of the gathering area 21, and its shape can be a circular hole, a straight line, an arc, etc.; the one-way valve is arranged in the overflow groove 24, and the one-way valve is allowed to be opened from top to bottom. When the liquid in the gathering area 21 reaches a certain amount, the liquid can pass through the overflow groove 24 and smoothly divert downward along the one-way valve to flow to the lower tower plate 2, further avoiding excessive accumulation of liquid in the gathering area 21, ensuring the smoothness of the liquid flow in the oil refining tower and the stability of the gas-liquid contact, and maintaining a good separation state.

[0047] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: the overflow groove 24 and the one-way valve added on the basis of the original embodiment additionally construct a diversion channel for the focusing area 21, which can more flexibly respond to the fluctuation of liquid flow, strengthen the ability to prevent and control liquid accumulation, optimize the stability of liquid flow and the balance of gas-liquid contact, and improve the reliability of the refinery tower under complex flow changes, ensuring that the crude oil separation work can be carried out efficiently and continuously.

[0048] Embodiment 4, Reference Figure 6 , a variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that an opening and closing plate 25 is introduced. The opening and closing plate 25 is arranged in the overflow area 22, and the opening and closing plate 25 is vertically arranged between the retaining ring 3 and the tower 1 in a swingable manner on one side, with its lower end tightly contacting the tower plate 2, and its upper end extending to a certain height above the overflow weir 6. The main body of the opening and closing plate 25 can be made of aluminum alloy, which is light in weight and easy to swing. One side of the opening and closing plate 25 is connected to the retaining ring 3 through a hinge structure and a torsion spring, and a rubber buffer pad is arranged on the other side edge of the opening and closing plate 25 to prevent violent collision with other components during the swinging process. When the opening and closing plate 25 is pushed by the liquid on one side close to the downcomer 5, the overflow area 22 can be opened smoothly. For example, when the liquid flow rate is large and the displacement of the downcomer 5 cannot meet the demand, the pressure generated by the accumulated liquid pushes the opening and closing plate 25 to open, so that the liquid can pass through the overflow area 22 smoothly for diversion and other operations, avoiding problems such as poor gas-liquid contact caused by liquid accumulation, and ensuring that the refinery tower can stably and efficiently perform crude oil component separation work.

[0049] The implementation principle of this embodiment is: by introducing the structure of the opening and closing plate 25, the refinery tower can actively sense and regulate the overflow area 22, and can dynamically open or close the overflow channel according to the real-time liquid flow situation, accurately matching the actual needs of liquid processing, effectively preventing liquid congestion, and ensuring smooth interaction between gas and liquid, thereby optimizing the operating stability of the refinery tower, improving the adaptability to high-flow conditions, and strengthening the guarantee of crude oil separation accuracy and efficiency.

[0050] Embodiment 5, Reference Figure 7 , a variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower, the difference between this embodiment and the above embodiment is that two baffles 26 are added and the structure of the baffle ring 3 is improved. The two baffles 26 are vertically arranged between the baffle ring 3 and the tower 1, the lower end of which is firmly against the tower plate 2, and the upper end extends to a certain height above the overflow weir 6. The material of the baffle 26 is a thick stainless steel plate, and its surface is treated with anti-corrosion, which is used to close the end of the overflow area 22 near the downcomer 5. The baffle ring 3 is composed of multiple elastic arc pieces 31, the rear end of each elastic arc piece 31 is fixed on the tower plate 2, and the front end of the rear elastic arc piece 31 is a free end, and overlaps the rear end of the front elastic arc piece 31. The elastic arc piece 31 can be made of a stainless steel plate with good elasticity or other hard materials, has a certain elastic deformation ability, and can also withstand a certain liquid pressure. The elastic arc piece 31 can also be made of spring steel material, which has higher strength and longer service life. When the liquid in the focusing area 21 exceeds the overflow weir 6 to a preset value, the pressure generated by the liquid pushes the front end of each elastic arc piece 31, so that the liquid can smoothly enter the overflow area 22. In this way, the overflow area 22 can be closed at a low flow rate to ensure the focusing effect, and the diversion can be automatically opened when the liquid volume is large, effectively coping with liquids of different flow rates and ensuring good contact and separation efficiency between gas and liquid in the refinery tower.

[0051] The implementation principle of this embodiment is: using two baffles 26 and a multi-section elastic arc piece 31 baffle ring 3 in combination, taking into account the flow concentration demand at low flow and the adaptive diversion function at high flow, and being able to intelligently switch the working mode according to the liquid level, thereby enhancing the adaptability of the refinery tower to flow fluctuations, optimizing the gas-liquid interaction environment, and improving the stability and efficiency of crude oil refining.

[0052] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower, comprising a tower barrel (1) and a tower plate (2), characterized in that: Also includes: A baffle ring (3) is formed protrudingly on the upper side of the tower plate (2) to divide the tower plate (2) into a central flow-gathering area (21) and a peripheral overflow area (22); A float valve (4) located in the flow gathering area (21); A downcomer (5) is located in the overflow area (22), and the baffle ring (3) is disconnected at the downcomer (5) so that the liquid in the gathering area (21) can flow to the downcomer (5); The overflow weir (6) is formed protrudingly on the side of the tower plate (2) corresponding to the downcomer (5) close to the flow gathering area (21) and is lower than the upper side of the baffle ring (3).

2. A variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: An overflow trough (24) is provided in the flow gathering area (21); The one-way valve is arranged in the overflow groove (24) and is allowed to be opened from top to bottom.

3. A variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: An opening and closing plate (25) is vertically arranged between the retaining ring (3) and the tower (1) and can swing on one side, with its lower end abutting against the tower plate (2) and its upper end being higher than the overflow weir (6); When the opening and closing plate (25) is pushed by a force on the side close to the downcomer (5), the overflow area (22) can be opened.

4. The variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Two slide plates (23) are vertically arranged, with the lower ends abutting against the tower plate (2) and the upper ends being higher than the overflow weir (6). The two slide plates (23) are slidably connected between the retaining ring (3) and the tower barrel (1) along the overflow area (22); The elastic member is arranged on the tower (1) and is used to push the two slide plates (23) to slide to the two sides of the downcomer (5).

5. The variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: Two baffles (26) are vertically arranged between the baffle ring (3) and the tower (1), with the lower ends abutting against the tower plate (2) and the upper ends being higher than the overflow weir (6), and are located on both sides of the downcomer (5) and are capable of closing the overflow area (22); The retaining ring (3) comprises a plurality of elastic arc pieces (31), the rear end of each elastic arc piece (31) is fixed to the tower plate (2), and the front end of the rear elastic arc piece (31) is overlapped with the outer side of the rear end of the front elastic arc piece (31); When the liquid in the flow-gathering area (21) exceeds the overflow weir (6) to a preset value, the front end of each elastic arc piece (31) can be pushed to allow the liquid to enter the overflow area (22).

6. The variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The guide plate (11) is arranged in the tower (1) and located on the upper side of the tower plate (2), and is used to guide the liquid flowing out of the downcomer (5) of the upper tower plate (2) to the gathering area (21) of the lower tower plate (2).

7. The variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The baffle (12) is arranged in the tower (1) and located on the upper side of the tower plate (2) to shield the overflow area (22) of the lower tower plate (2).

8. The variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the baffle ring (3) of the lower tower plate (2) can abut against the lower side of the baffle plate (12).

9. The variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The float valve (4) comprises: A valve hole (41) is provided on the tower plate (2); An elastic valve cover (42) is fixed to the upper side of the tower plate (2) and covers the valve hole (41); The float (43) is arranged in the elastic valve cover (42) and has a diameter larger than the valve hole (41). The float (43) is pressed by the elastic valve cover (42) to keep sealing against the valve hole (41). When the float (43) is subjected to a thrust greater than the elastic force of the elastic valve cover (42), the valve hole (41) is opened.

10. A variable cross-section dynamically controlled oil refining tower according to claim 9, characterized in that: The elastic valve cover (42) comprises: A plurality of elastic arc plates (44) have lower ends fixed to the tower plate (2) and upper ends abutting against each other. Adjacent elastic arc plates (44) abut against each other to form a hemispherical shape. The floating ball (43) is located at the lower side of the plurality of elastic arc plates (44) and is pressed against the valve hole (41) by the elastic arc plates (44).

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