Method for producing animal feed through sectional type solid state fermentation

Abstract

The invention provides a method for producing animal feed through sectional type solid state fermentation. The method comprises the following steps: adding hydrogen peroxide into corn steep liquor, and then adding quick lime to adjust the pH value to 10.0-11.0 to obtain pretreated corn steep liquor; the preparation method comprises the following steps: by taking corn bran, sugar beet pulp and sugar beet molasses as raw materials, inoculating saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria, and performing solid anaerobic fermentation to obtain an acidic solid fermentation product; and uniformly mixing the acidic solid-state fermentation product with the pretreated corn steep liquor, realizing acid-base neutralization, inoculating saccharomycetes, and performing solid-state aerobic fermentation to obtain the animal feed. The corn steep liquor is subjected to alkalization treatment, the content of aflatoxin is reduced by 90% or above, then through aerobic fermentation, almost all proteins in the raw materials can be recycled, and almost all non-protein nitrogen is converted into protein nitrogen. The fermented finished product is a high-quality feed raw material and can be applied to the field of animal breeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of feed processing and animal breeding, and specifically relates to a method for producing animal feed by segmented solid-state fermentation. The method uses corn starch byproducts and beet sugar byproducts as main raw materials to produce animal feed by solid-state fermentation, and is particularly suitable for processing byproducts in corn starch processing plants and beet sugar factories in northern China. Background Art

[0002] Corn syrup and corn bran are two main corn starch byproducts. The annual output of corn syrup in my country is about 3.5 million tons, and the annual output of corn bran is about 3.2 million tons. Corn syrup has a protein content of about 20%, a sugar content of about 18%, and a water content of 50-55%. It is an important feed protein resource. However, because corn syrup contains many mycotoxins (among which aflatoxin is the most important mycotoxin), and a small amount of sulfites (a carcinogen), these substances have a serious impact on animal health, so corn syrup has not been well applied in the field of animal breeding. According to the nutritional value of feed, if there is no interference from mycotoxins and sulfites, the feed value of one ton of corn syrup is at least more than 1,000 yuan. However, due to the presence of these toxic substances, the current selling price of one ton of corn syrup is only about 200 yuan. The rational use of nutrients (mainly protein resources) in corn syrup can not only alleviate the difficulties of long-term shortage of feed protein resources in my country, but also obtain good economic benefits. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing animal feed by segmented solid-state fermentation. Corn slurry, corn husk, beet molasses and beet pulp are used as the main raw materials, and high-quality animal feed is produced by segmented solid-state fermentation. The method of the present invention not only degrades more than 90% of aflatoxins in corn slurry and successfully recovers the protein in corn slurry, but also utilizes aerobic fermentation of yeast to convert non-protein nitrogen in corn slurry and molasses into protein nitrogen, greatly improving the quality of protein in the raw materials. At the same time, a large amount of metabolic heat generated during aerobic fermentation is used to evaporate a large amount of water in the raw materials, saving a large amount of energy consumption for subsequent drying.

[0004] The method for producing animal feed by segmented solid-state fermentation provided by the present invention comprises the following steps: 1) Pretreatment of corn syrup adding hydrogen peroxide to the corn steep liquor to increase its redox potential and oxidize the sulfite therein, and then adding quicklime to adjust the pH value to 10.0-11.0 to alkalize the corn steep liquor so as to degrade the mycotoxins therein, thereby obtaining a pretreated corn steep liquor; 2) Using corn husk, beet pulp and beet molasses as raw materials, inoculating yeast and lactic acid bacteria, and conducting solid-state anaerobic fermentation to obtain acidic solid-state fermentation products; 3) The acidic solid fermentation product and the pretreated corn pulp are uniformly mixed to achieve acid-base neutralization, yeast is inoculated, and solid-state aerobic fermentation is performed to obtain animal feed.

[0005] Corn pulp has a high viscosity and a low pH value (pH 3.2-3.4). It contains about 1% formic acid and 3.5% lactic acid. It also contains about 0.2% sulfite and a large amount of mycotoxins. First, hydrogen peroxide is used to increase its redox potential and oxidize the sulfite; then quicklime is used to neutralize these organic acids and further increase its pH value to 10.0-11.0. Under alkaline conditions, mycotoxins (mainly aflatoxin, vomitoxin and zearalenone) will gradually degrade.

[0006] In the above method, the mass ratios of corn syrup, corn husk, beet pulp, beet molasses and quicklime can be: 10:5:15:2.4-3.0:0.75-0.95; The water content of the corn steep liquor is 50%-55%; The moisture content of the corn husk is 9.5%-10.5%; The water content of the beet pulp is 83%-86%, and the protein content is 1.3%-1.6%; The sugar content of the beet molasses is 48%-53%; The effective content of calcium oxide in the quicklime is 92.0%.

[0007] In step 1), the mass ratio of corn syrup to hydrogen peroxide may be 10:0.06-0.10 (wherein the effective H2O2 content of hydrogen peroxide is 35%), specifically 10:0.08; After adding hydrogen peroxide, stir for 2-5 minutes, specifically 3 minutes (rotation speed is 12 rpm), and let stand for 12-36 hours, specifically 24 hours; After adding quicklime, stir for 20-40 minutes, specifically 30 minutes (rotation speed is 12 rpm), and let stand for 24-72 hours, specifically 48 hours; The mycotoxins include aflatoxins, vomitoxin and zearalenone.

[0008] In step 2), yeast powder and lactic acid bacteria culture solution are inoculated, wherein the mass ratio of yeast powder and lactic acid bacteria culture solution to corn husk can be: 0.004-0.006:0.20-0.30:4-6, specifically 0.004-0.006:0.20-0.30:5; Wherein, the live bacteria count of the yeast is not less than 10 billion cfu / g; The number of Enterococcus faecium in the lactic acid bacteria culture solution is not less than 5 billion cfu / g; The solid-state anaerobic fermentation adopts barrel-type solid-state fermentation (or pile-type anaerobic fermentation); The solid-state anaerobic fermentation time may be 12-24 days, specifically 14 days; The pH value of the obtained acidic solid fermentation product is 3.6-4.0.

[0009] In step 3), the pH value of the mixed material is controlled between 5.5-6.5 (specifically 5.8-6.2) to facilitate the growth and reproduction of yeast; The yeast is added in the form of yeast powder during the mixing process, with 1-3 kg of yeast powder added to every 1000 kg of the mixture; That is, firstly add the acidic solid fermentation product into the mixing tank, start stirring, then gradually add the pretreated corn slurry, and add yeast powder during the mixing process; The mixed and inoculated materials are distributed in a flat fermentation area and then turned over for aerobic fermentation; The material stacking thickness does not exceed 40 cm, and is generally controlled at 12-30 cm; a thin layer stirring method is used for solid aerobic fermentation; After 2-3 hours of fermentation, the growth and reproduction of yeast reaches a vigorous stage, and the energy metabolism consumes a lot. Due to the high heat generation, a large amount of water evaporates. After another 5-6 hours of aerobic solid fermentation, the moisture content of the fermented material finally drops to about 35%.

[0010] The fermented product can be used directly to prepare animal feed, or it can be used to prepare animal feed after being airflow dried. The water content of the product obtained after airflow drying is about 10%.

[0011] The solid aerobic fermentation adopts floor-type circulation turning to transfer oxygen, and its main equipment is a turning machine, which is used to turn the material for ventilation and oxygen transfer. This equipment is widely used in large-scale farms to treat manure and sewage for solid fermentation, and is a very mature equipment.

[0012] The turning machine designed by this patented technology consists of a beam and a row of parallel arc blades. The blades are installed under the beam, and the two ends of the beam are installed on parallel tracks on both sides, with a span of 13 meters (slightly larger than the width of the flat fermentation area). The motor drives the blades to turn the materials for ventilation and oxygen transfer, and the rotation frequency is 60-120rpm. The beam can reciprocate on the tracks on both sides, while driving the blades to move back and forth. A brush (length of 5-6 cm) is attached to the edge of the turning blade to prevent the blade from colliding with the bottom surface. During the turning process, the moving speed of the turning machine (that is, the moving speed of the beam) is controlled between 6-12m / min. The motor power is 75kw. After setting the operating parameters, the turning machine can run completely automatically. The material is laid on a plane made of stainless steel sheets (thickness of 2-3mm), which is the fermentation area. The length of the fermentation area is 25 meters, the width is 12 meters, and the area is 300 square meters.

[0013] This fermentation method requires less equipment investment, has good oxygen transfer effect, and has a large processing capacity. In the solid-state aerobic fermentation, the material stacking thickness does not exceed 40 cm, and is generally controlled at 12-30 cm. In an area with a fermentation area of ​​300 square meters, a good oxygen transfer effect can be achieved by turning it back and forth every 5-8 minutes. The entire fermentation process takes about 8 hours. The moisture content of the material drops from about 60% to about 35%, and the evaporation of water is very large. In such a fermentation area, about 10 tons of dry finished products (moisture content calculated as 10%) can be obtained in one fermentation cycle.

[0014] At present, the beet pulp produced by beet sugar factories is basically the beet pulp that has been repeatedly extracted with clean water, the purpose of which is to recover the residual sugar therein as much as possible. However, this brings a great burden to the subsequent evaporation and concentration. If the production process of the present invention is used to treat the beet pulp, it is not necessary to repeatedly extract it with clean water, and the retained residual sugar can be used for energy metabolism of microorganisms (mainly yeast and lactic acid bacteria).

[0015] After the corn steep liquor is alkalized, the aflatoxin content is reduced by more than 90%. After aerobic fermentation, almost all the protein in the raw material can be recovered, and almost all non-protein nitrogen is converted into protein nitrogen. This fermentation product is a high-quality feed raw material that can be used in animal breeding.

[0016] The solution of the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art: (1) Hydrogen peroxide is used to oxidize the sulfite in corn pulp, and quicklime is used to alkalize the corn pulp to degrade the mycotoxins (the degradation rate of aflatoxin reaches more than 90%), which greatly improves the safety of subsequent fermentation products.

[0017] (2) Acidic solid fermentation products are used to neutralize the alkaline corn pulp, creating favorable pH conditions for subsequent yeast aerobic fermentation.

[0018] (3) After corn pulp is treated (especially alkalization), all microorganisms are killed. In the prepared acidic solid fermentation product, there are no other bacteria except lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The raw materials do not need to be sterilized and the operation is simple.

[0019] (4) Solid-state aerobic fermentation is carried out by thin-layer stirring to convert non-protein nitrogen into protein nitrogen, thereby increasing the protein quality of the fermentation product. At the same time, it also digests the residual sugar and organic acid in the material, reduces the viscosity of the material, and provides favorable conditions for subsequent material drying; (5) The metabolic heat generated by aerobic fermentation is used to evaporate a large amount of water in the raw materials, which greatly reduces the energy consumption for subsequent drying. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the examples provided are only for illustrating the present invention, rather than for limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples provided below can be used as a guide for further improvements by those of ordinary skill in the art, and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention in any way.

[0021] The experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional methods, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product instructions. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can all be obtained from commercial channels.

[0022] The lactic acid bacteria culture solution in the following examples is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: 1. First-level expansion training 1.1 Raw materials and equipment Enterococcus faecalis powder (lyophilized powder, Taiwan Asia-Chip Biotechnology Co., Ltd.): content not less than 20 billion cfu / g, stored at low temperature (-4°C).

[0023] No antibiotic-contaminated milk.

[0024] sucrose.

[0025] Stainless steel pot (6 liters, with electric heating device).

[0026] Autoclave.

[0027] Clean bench.

[0028] Constant temperature incubator: 120 liters.

[0029] 1.2 Operation process Collect 2 liters of milk without antibiotic contamination, add it to a stainless steel pot, and then add 2 liters of distilled water to dilute it by half.

[0030] Start heating, heat to about 60℃, gradually add 120g of sucrose, stirring while dissolving.

[0031] Continue heating to about 80℃ until the sucrose is completely dissolved. Then stop heating, cool to below 50℃, and pack in 500ml triangular bottles with a liquid volume of about 60% (about 300ml). Seal the bottle with cotton plugs, wrap the bottle mouth with kraft paper, and tie it tightly with cotton thread.

[0032] Sterilize at high temperature (about 110°C) in an autoclave for 6 minutes, then cool to room temperature.

[0033] Open the cotton plug on the clean bench, add 0.8g of pure bacterial powder to each triangular bottle, and seal it with cotton plug. Incubate at 37℃ for 12 hours, and then store in a 4℃ refrigerator for later use.

[0034] 2. Secondary expansion training 2.1 Raw materials and equipment Raw materials: soybean meal, cane sugar.

[0035] Stainless steel barrel (with electric heating device): capacity is 125 liters.

[0036] Soymilk grinding machine Plastic barrel: capacity is 25 liters.

[0037] 2.2 Operation process Add 20 kg of soybean meal and 90 kg of water into a stainless steel barrel and soak for 12 hours. Then grind the soybean meal to obtain soybean milk (about 80 liters).

[0038] Add the soy milk to another stainless steel bucket. Add 6.0% sucrose according to the weight of the soy milk, heat to boiling, and keep it for 5 minutes. Then cool it to below 40℃ and add the first-level seed liquid (triangular flask culture liquid) prepared in the laboratory, with an inoculation ratio of 4.0%.

[0039] The soy milk inoculated with the first-grade bacterial liquid is packed in plastic barrels (pre-washed with high-temperature water at about 85°C), filled as full as possible, and sealed. Stored in the workshop. The ambient temperature is above 30°C. After 12 hours of cultivation, it can be used for the later fermentation feed production.

[0040] Example 1 raw material 10 tons of corn pulp (53% water content), 5 tons of corn husks (10% water content), 15 tons of beet pulp (85% water content, 1.5% protein content), 2.4 tons of beet molasses (about 50% sugar content), 750 kg of quicklime (the labeled content of calcium oxide is 90.0%, the actual content is 92.0%), 80 kg of hydrogen peroxide (the labeled content of H2O2 is 35%, the actual content is 37.5%), 50 kg of yeast powder (the number of live baker's yeast is not less than 10 billion cfu / g), and 250 kg of lactic acid bacteria culture medium (the number of Enterococcus faecalis is not less than 5 billion cfu / g).

[0041] The corn steep liquor, corn husk, beet pulp and beet molasses used in the examples were purchased from Inner Mongolia Zhongrun Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0042] Related equipment Corn slurry adjustment tank: effective volume 20 cubic meters, used to adjust the pH and redox potential of corn slurry (the adjustment tank using quicklime does not require a sealing device).

[0043] Mixing tank: effective volume 6 cubic meters, used for material mixing and inoculation.

[0044] Fermentation barrel: 125 liters, 400 in total, used for anaerobic solid-state fermentation to prepare acidic solid-state fermentation products.

[0045] Turning machine: The turning machine consists of a beam and a row of parallel arc-shaped paddles. The paddles are installed under the beam, and the two ends of the beam are installed on parallel tracks on both sides, with a span of 13 meters (slightly larger than the width of the flat fermentation area). The motor drives the paddles to turn the materials for ventilation and oxygen transfer, and the rotation frequency is 60-120rpm. The beam can reciprocate on the tracks on both sides, while driving the paddles to move back and forth. A brush (5-6 cm in length) is attached to the edge of the turning paddle to prevent the paddle from colliding with the bottom surface. During the turning process, the moving speed of the turning machine (that is, the moving speed of the beam) is controlled between 6-12m / min. The motor power is 75kw. After setting the operating parameters, the turning machine can run completely automatically.

[0046] The materials are laid on a flat surface made of stainless steel sheets (2-3mm thick), which is the fermentation area. The fermentation area is 25 meters long, 12 meters wide, and covers an area of ​​300 square meters.

[0047] The ambient air temperature is 16-28℃ and the relative humidity is 40-75%.

[0048] Procedure The first step is the pretreatment of corn syrup 10 tons of corn pulp was added to the pulp mixing tank, and 80 kg of hydrogen peroxide was added, stirred for 3 minutes (speed of 12 rpm), and allowed to stand for 24 hours. Then 750 kg of quicklime was gradually added, stirred for 30 minutes (speed of 12 rpm), and allowed to stand for 48 hours.

[0049] Step 2: Preparation of acidic solid fermentation product 5 tons of corn husks and 15 tons of beet pulp are divided into 10 equal parts by weight, then mixed evenly and inoculated in batches. 240 kg of beet molasses, 25 kg of lactic acid bacteria culture solution and 500 g of yeast powder are evenly added to every 2 tons of the mixture (containing 0.5 tons of corn husks and 1.5 tons of beet pulp). After mixing, they are divided into fermentation barrels, compacted, and anaerobic solid fermentation is carried out. After 14 days, the pH value of the material drops to between 3.6-4.0, ready for mixing with alkalized corn pulp. 5.0 kg of yeast powder is consumed at this stage.

[0050] Step 3: Mixed inoculation The pre-treated corn syrup and acidic solid fermentation product are divided into 10 portions by equal weight, and then mixed evenly one by one. The pH value of the material after mixing is controlled between 5.8-6.2. Then 4.5 kg of yeast powder is added to each mixture, that is, the inoculation ratio of yeast powder is about 0.2%. 45 kg of yeast powder is consumed at this stage.

[0051] (Note: First add the acidic fermentation material into the mixing tank, start stirring, then gradually add the pre-treated corn slurry, and add yeast powder during the mixing process.) Step 4: Solid-state aerobic fermentation The inoculated material is evenly spread on the fermentation plane of the fermentation workshop, and the turning and throwing is started after the spreading is completed. The motor rotation frequency is 90rpm, and the crossbeam movement speed is reciprocating once every 6 minutes. After 2 hours, the yeast metabolism enters a vigorous period, the material begins to heat up, and a large amount of water vapor evaporates. The turning and throwing fermentation continues for another 6 hours, at which time the material is in a loose state (the fermentable sugars and organic acids have been completely exhausted, and the material does not have a sticky problem).

[0052] Step 5: Airflow Drying After the fermentation, the moisture content of the material dropped to 36.2%, and after air drying, 11.3 tons of product (moisture content 10%) were obtained. The protein content of the product was 20.5% (all non-protein nitrogen in the raw material was converted into protein nitrogen), the calcium content was 4.38%, and the degradation rate of aflatoxin reached 93.8%.

[0053] Profit calculation To process one batch, 10 tons of corn pulp, 5 tons of corn husks, and 15 tons of beet pulp are required.

[0054] In addition, 2.4 tons of molasses, 750 kg of quicklime, 80 kg of hydrogen peroxide, 250 kg of lactic acid bacteria culture solution, and 50 kg of yeast powder are required.

[0055] Basic parameters of fermentation raw materials Corn syrup ingredients Water content: 53.0% Fermentable sugar: 18.0% Lactic acid: 3.5% Formic acid: 1.0% Total nitrogen: 3.3%, of which 25% is non-protein nitrogen and needs to be converted into protein nitrogen.

[0056] Total phosphorus: 1.4% Beet Molasses Ingredients Protein content: 4.5% (average). Nitrogen content is 0.72%, of which 20% is non-protein nitrogen.

[0057] Fermentable sugar: about 50.0% Beet pulp ingredients Water content: 85% Protein content: 1.5% Basic parameters of materials during operation Corn Stew Pretreatment During the pretreatment process, 750 kg of quicklime (with a calcium oxide content of 92.0%) and 80 kg of hydrogen peroxide (with a H2O2 content of 37.5%, i.e., 50 kg of water and 30 kg of pure H2O2) are added to 10 tons of corn pulp.

[0058] Preparation of acidic solid-state fermentation products 5 tons of corn husks (10% moisture content), 15 tons of beet pulp (12,750 kg moisture content), 2.4 tons of beet molasses, 250 kg of lactic acid bacteria culture solution, and 5 kg of yeast powder.

[0059] The amount of water in acidic solid fermentation product: 500+12750+1200+250=14700 (kg).

[0060] Total amount of materials: 5000+15000+2400+250+5 = 22655 (kg) Moisture content of the material: 14700 / 22655 = 64.9% Mixed inoculation The treated corn steep liquor is mixed with the acidic solid fermentation product, and 45 kg of yeast is required to be added Total weight: 10000+750+80+45 + 22655 = 33430 (kg) Total water volume: 5300 + 50 + 14700 = 20050 (kg) The moisture content of the whole material: 20050 / 33430 = 60.0% Solid-state aerobic fermentation initiation Total weight of fermented materials: 33430 (kg) Total water volume of fermentation materials: 20050 (kg) Total dry matter of fermented materials: 33430-20050 = 13380 (kg) Changes during aerobic fermentation The carbon source in the raw materials has two main ways out: one part is oxidized into carbon dioxide, and the other part forms the carbon frame of the yeast body. Only a very small number is called organic acid. If aerobic fermentation is sufficient, organic acids will be further oxidized into carbon dioxide.

[0061] The nitrogen sources in the raw materials, except for the nitrogen sources originally from amino acids, may be converted into part of the yeast cells (bacterial protein). The total amount of nitrogen sources remains unchanged. Under ideal conditions, all nitrogen in ammonia water is converted into amino acids. Based on the basis of the unchanged total nitrogen, the protein content can be calculated.

[0062] The nitrogen content in molasses is 0.72% (about 4.5% when converted into protein), of which about 0.15% is non-amino acid nitrogen.

[0063] The nitrogen content in corn pulp is 3.5%, and 25% of the nitrogen is non-amino acid nitrogen.

[0064] The protein content in beet pulp is 1.5% (the proportion of non-protein nitrogen is very small).

[0065] After aerobic fermentation, these non-protein nitrogen can be converted into amino acid nitrogen.

[0066] When calculating dry matter loss, lactic acid and fermentable sugars are basically consumed, but part of the carbon source is transferred to the yeast cells during yeast synthesis.

[0067] During the entire fermentation process, all fermentable sugars, lactic acid and miscellaneous acids are consumed.

[0068] 10 tons of corn pulp contains 1,800 kg of fermentable sugar, 350 kg of lactic acid, and 100 kg of miscellaneous acids, most of which are formic acid, which is also completely oxidized and consumed during aerobic fermentation.

[0069] 1200 kg of sugar in 2400 kg of molasses is completely oxidized, and the residual sugar in the beet pulp is negligible.

[0070] Dry matter consumed: 1800+350+100 + 1200 = 3450 (kg) The non-protein nitrogen in corn steep liquor is about 0.9%, and the non-protein nitrogen in molasses is about 0.15%.

[0071] 10 tons of corn pulp contains 90 kg of non-protein nitrogen, and 2.4 tons of molasses contain 3.9 kg of non-protein nitrogen. A total of 93.9 kg of non-protein nitrogen needs to be converted into true protein, and the total amount of true protein is 587 kg. The corresponding weight of synthetic dry yeast is 1174 kg, and the corresponding consumption of sugar (or lactic acid) is 2465 kg (the amount of sugar and lactic acid is sufficient), and the corresponding consumption of phosphoric acid is about 50 kg (10 tons of corn pulp contains at least 100 kg of phosphorus). (Note: Liquid fermentation synthesis of one ton of dry yeast requires 2.1 tons of pure sugar and 42 kg of phosphoric acid.) These yeasts can recycle about 500 kg of carbon frames (similar to sugar bases), so the actual weight loss is 3450-500 = 2950 kg (mainly sugar).

[0072] The heat generated by oxidizing these sugar acids is enough to evaporate about 14,000 kg of water (the heat generated by oxidizing lactic acid is slightly less than that of sugar).

[0073] In addition, some water will evaporate during the tossing process, estimated to be 400 kg. After the fermentation is completed, the water weight is approximately: 20050-13000-400 = 5650 (kg) Parameters of materials at the end of aerobic fermentation The weight of the material after fermentation: 33430 – 2950 – 14000-400 = 16080 (kg) Finally, the dry matter is 13380 – 2950 = 10430 (kg) The moisture content of the material after fermentation (calculated value) is: 5650 / 16080= 35.1% The actual moisture content of the material after fermentation is 36.2%.

[0074] The moisture content of the fermentation material dropped from 60% to about 35%, and the water activity always met the requirements of yeast metabolism.

[0075] Final product indicators Calculation of protein content in the final product: 10,000 kg of corn pulp contains 2,000 kg of protein.

[0076] 2400 kg of molasses contains 4.5% protein x 2400 = 108 kg.

[0077] Initially, you need to inoculate 50 kg of yeast powder (including 25 kg of protein).

[0078] 15,000 kg of beet pulp contains 225 kg of protein (the protein content of beet pulp is 1.5%).

[0079] 2000 + 108 + 25 + 225 = 2358 kg.

[0080] Profit calculation After airflow drying, 11.3 tons of product (water content 10%) was obtained, and the protein content was 20.5% (actual measured value).

[0081] Calculated at 2600 yuan per ton, 2600 x 11.3 = 29380. The value is about 29380 yuan.

[0082] The production cost mainly consists of three parts: raw material cost, energy consumption and labor cost. The raw material cost is shown in Table 1.

[0083] Table 1: Summary of raw material costs (one batch in Example 1, 10 tons of corn syrup)

[0084] Energy consumption mainly includes fuel and electricity consumption.

[0085] During the corn slurry pretreatment, anaerobic fermentation mixed inoculation, and aerobic fermentation pre-material mixed inoculation process, the total electricity consumption is about 200 degrees.

[0086] The stirring and stirring during the aerobic fermentation stage consumes about 800 degrees of electricity.

[0087] The fuel cost during the airflow drying stage is about 2,400 yuan, and the blower power consumption is about 600 degrees.

[0088] The total electricity consumption is 200+800+600=1600 kWh. Industrial electricity is calculated at one yuan per kWh, so the electricity bill is about 1,600 yuan.

[0089] The labor cost is about 2,000 yuan.

[0090] See Table 2 for a summary of revenue and expenditure.

[0091] Table 2: Summary of income and expenditure (one batch in Example 1, 10 tons of corn steep liquor)

[0092] 29380-22570 = 6810 (yuan) Processing one batch can generate a profit of about 6,810 yuan.

[0093] Therefore: processing one batch ultimately yields 11.3 tons of product (water content 10%), which is worth about 29,380 yuan at 2,600 yuan per ton.

[0094] The production costs mainly consist of three parts: raw material costs, energy consumption and labor costs, totaling approximately RMB 22,570.

[0095] Processing one batch can generate a profit of about 6,810 yuan.

[0096] Example 2 raw material 10 tons of corn pulp (53% water content), 5 tons of corn husks (10% water content), 15 tons of beet pulp (85% water content, 1.5% protein content), 3.0 tons of beet molasses (about 50% sugar content), 950 kg of quicklime (the labeled content of calcium oxide is 90.0%, the actual content is 92.0%), 80 kg of hydrogen peroxide (the labeled content of H2O2 is 35%, the actual content is 37.5%), 50 kg of yeast powder (the number of live baker's yeast is not less than 10 billion cfu / g), and 250 kg of lactic acid bacteria culture solution (the number of Enterococcus faecalis is not less than 5 billion cfu / g).

[0097] The corn steep liquor, corn husk, beet pulp and beet molasses used in the examples were purchased from Inner Mongolia Zhongrun Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0098] Related equipment See Example 1.

[0099] The ambient air temperature is 16-29℃ and the relative humidity is 40-78%.

[0100] Procedure The first step is the pretreatment of corn syrup 10 tons of corn pulp was added to the pulping tank, and 80 kg of hydrogen peroxide was added, stirred for 3 minutes (speed 12 rpm), and allowed to stand for 24 hours. Then 950 kg of quicklime was gradually added, stirred for 30 minutes (speed 12 rpm), and allowed to stand for 48 hours.

[0101] Step 2: Preparation of acidic solid fermentation product 5 tons of corn husks and 15 tons of beet pulp are divided into 10 equal parts by weight, then mixed evenly and inoculated in batches. 300 kg of beet molasses, 25 kg of lactic acid bacteria culture solution and 500 g of yeast powder are evenly added to every 2.0 tons of the mixture (containing 0.5 tons of corn husks and 1.5 tons of beet pulp). Then the mixture is divided into fermentation barrels, compacted and anaerobic solid fermentation is carried out. After 14 days, the pH value of the material drops to between 3.5-4.0, ready for neutralization and alkalization of corn pulp. 5.0 kg of yeast powder is consumed at this stage.

[0102] Step 3: Mixed inoculation Divide the above-mentioned pre-treated corn pulp and acidic solid fermentation product into 10 equal parts by weight, and then mix them evenly one by one. After mixing, the pH value of the material is controlled between 5.8-6.4 (the pH value of each batch is inconsistent, but it can meet the requirements if it can be controlled between 5.8-6.4). Then add 4.5 kg of yeast powder to each mixture, that is, the inoculation ratio of yeast powder is about 0.2%. 45 kg of yeast powder is consumed at this stage.

[0103] (Note: First add the acidic fermentation material into the mixing tank, start stirring, then gradually add the pre-treated corn slurry, and add yeast powder during the mixing process.) Step 4: Solid-state aerobic fermentation The inoculated material is evenly spread on the fermentation plane of the fermentation workshop, and the turning and throwing is started after the spreading is completed. The motor rotation frequency is 90rpm, and the crossbeam movement speed is reciprocating once every 6 minutes. After 2 hours, the yeast metabolism enters a vigorous period, the material begins to heat up, and a large amount of water vapor evaporates. The turning and throwing fermentation continues for another 6 hours, at which time the material is in a loose state (the fermentable sugars and organic acids have been completely exhausted, and the material does not have a sticky problem).

[0104] Step 5: Airflow Drying After the fermentation, the moisture content of the material dropped to 32.4%, and after air drying, 11.5 tons of product (moisture content 10%) were obtained. The protein content of the product was 20.3% (all non-protein nitrogen in the raw material was converted into protein nitrogen), the calcium content was 5.42%, and the degradation rate of aflatoxin reached 98.2%.

[0105] Profit calculation To process one batch, 10 tons of corn pulp, 5 tons of corn husks, and 15 tons of beet pulp are required.

[0106] In addition, 3.0 tons of molasses, 950 kg of quicklime, 80 kg of hydrogen peroxide, 250 kg of lactic acid bacteria culture solution, and 50 kg of yeast powder are required.

[0107] Finally, 11.5 tons of product (water content 10%) with a protein content of 20.3% were obtained.

[0108] Calculated at 2,600 yuan per ton, the value is approximately 29,900 yuan.

[0109] The production cost mainly consists of three parts: raw material cost, energy consumption and labor cost. See Table 3 for the raw material cost.

[0110] Table 3: Summary of raw material costs (one batch in Example 2, 10 tons of corn syrup)

[0111] Energy consumption mainly includes fuel and electricity consumption.

[0112] During the corn slurry pretreatment, anaerobic fermentation mixed inoculation, and aerobic fermentation pre-material mixed inoculation process, the total electricity consumption is about 200 degrees.

[0113] The stirring and stirring during the aerobic fermentation stage consumes about 800 degrees of electricity.

[0114] The fuel cost during the airflow drying stage is about 2,100 yuan, and the blower power consumption is about 600 degrees.

[0115] The total electricity consumption is 200+800+600=1600 kWh. Industrial electricity is calculated at one yuan per kWh, so the electricity bill is about 1,600 yuan.

[0116] The labor cost is about 2,000 yuan.

[0117] See Table 4 for a summary of revenue and expenditure.

[0118] Table 4: Summary of income and expenditure (one batch in Example 2, 10 tons of corn steep liquor)

[0119] 29900-23590 = 6310 (yuan) Processing one batch can make a profit of about 6,310 yuan Therefore, processing one batch ultimately yields 11.5 tons of product (water content 10%), which is worth about 29,900 yuan at 2,600 yuan per ton.

[0120] Production costs mainly consist of three parts: raw material costs, energy consumption and labor costs.

[0121] Compared with Example 1, the raw material cost increased by 1,320 yuan, the fuel cost decreased by 300 yuan, and the total cost increased by 1,020 yuan to 23,590 yuan.

[0122] Processing one batch can make a profit of about 6310 yuan. Compared with Example 1, the profit is reduced by about 500 yuan.

[0123] The degradation rate of aflatoxin in Example 1 is 93.8%, and the degradation rate of mycotoxins in Example 2 is increased to 98.2%, and the quality of the product is improved.

[0124] The present invention has been described in detail above. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the purpose and scope of the present invention, and without the need to carry out unnecessary experimental conditions, the present invention can be implemented in a wide range under equivalent parameters, concentrations and conditions. Although the present invention provides specific embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention can be further improved. In a word, according to the principles of the present invention, the application is intended to include any changes, uses or improvements to the present invention, including departure from the disclosed scope in the application, and changes made with conventional techniques known in the art.

Claims

1. A method for producing animal feed by segmented solid-state fermentation, comprising the following steps: 1) Pretreatment of corn syrup Adding hydrogen peroxide to the corn steep liquor, and then adding quicklime to adjust the pH value to 10.0-11.0 to obtain pretreated corn steep liquor; 2) Using corn husk, beet pulp and beet molasses as raw materials, inoculating yeast and lactic acid bacteria, and conducting solid-state anaerobic fermentation to obtain acidic solid-state fermentation products; 3) The acidic solid fermentation product and the pretreated corn pulp are uniformly mixed to achieve acid-base neutralization, yeast is inoculated, and solid-state aerobic fermentation is performed to obtain animal feed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the method, the mass ratios of rice milk, corn husk, beet pulp, beet molasses and quicklime are: 10:5:15:2.4-3.0:0.75-0.95; The ratio of corn syrup to hydrogen peroxide is 10:0.06-0.10, wherein the effective H2O2 content of hydrogen peroxide is not less than 35%.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After adding hydrogen peroxide, stir for 2-5 minutes and let stand for 12-36 hours; After adding quicklime, stir for 20-40 minutes and let stand for 24-72 hours.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Inoculating yeast powder and lactic acid bacteria culture solution, wherein the mass ratios of the yeast powder and lactic acid bacteria culture solution to corn husk are: 0.004-0.006: 0.20-0.30: 4-6; Wherein, the live bacteria count of the yeast is not less than 10 billion cfu / g; The number of Enterococcus faecium in the lactic acid bacteria culture solution is not less than 5 billion cfu / g.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The solid-state anaerobic fermentation lasts for 12-24 days; The pH value of the obtained acidic solid fermentation product is 3.6-4.

0.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 3), the pH value of the mixed material is controlled between 5.5 and 6.5; The yeast is added in the form of yeast powder during the mixing process, with 1-3 kg of yeast powder added to every 1000 kg of the mixture; First, add the acidic solid fermentation product into the mixing tank, start stirring, then gradually add the pretreated corn slurry, and add yeast powder during the mixing process; The mixed and inoculated materials are distributed in a flat fermentation area and then turned over for aerobic fermentation.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The material stacking thickness shall not exceed 40 cm; a thin layer stirring method shall be adopted for solid aerobic fermentation.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The fermented product obtained is directly used for preparing animal feed, or is used for preparing animal feed after being air flow dried. The water content of the product obtained after air flow drying is about 10%.

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