Extrusion forming device and method for complex-section profile

Abstract

The invention provides an extrusion forming device and method for a complex-section sectional material, and relates to the technical field of metal product forming, the extrusion forming device for the complex-section sectional material comprises a press machine, a mold, a glass pad, a heat preservation device and a current heating device, the mold comprises a lower mold, the lower mold is provided with an extrusion channel and a sizing belt, and the sizing belt is arranged on the lower mold; the extrusion channel is used for detachably mounting a blank and the glass pad which are arranged along the extension direction of the extrusion channel; the insulation device is connected with the lower die; the extrusion rod is arranged above the die, the extrusion rod is used for being inserted into the extrusion channel and abutting against the blank, and the current heating device is connected with the extrusion rod and the lower die and used for applying a current field to conduct current heating on the blank, so that the glass pad is melted and attached to the end face and part of the circumferential side face of the blank to form a middle piece; and the middle piece is used for entering the sizing belt under the extrusion action of the extrusion rod to form a complex-section profile. The application range of the extrusion forming device can be enlarged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of metal product forming, and in particular to an extrusion forming device and method for complex cross-section profiles. Background Art

[0002] By using difficult-to-deform high-strength metals such as titanium and its alloys, alloy steel, etc. as raw material billets, complex cross-section profiles with microstructures (high-strength alloy micro-groove heat pipes) can be prepared, the structural performance of the profiles can be regulated, and the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the formed microstructures can be improved. It has great application prospects in the fields of automotive electronics, aerospace, new energy, military industry, precision machinery, etc.

[0003] In the related art, warm / hot extrusion is used as a plastic forming process, which mainly uses an extrusion forming device to form a profile (i.e., a product) by hot extrusion of the blank to be formed. Specifically, the extrusion forming device mainly includes a mold, a heating device and an upper pressure head. The mold mainly includes a punch and a die. The blank is placed in a cavity formed by the punch and the die. The heating device is connected to the mold. The mold can transfer the heat generated by the heating device to the blank to heat the blank. The upper pressure head is used to apply pressure to the punch of the mold so that the blank undergoes plastic extrusion deformation and is then extruded into a desired shape through the mold.

[0004] However, since the internal shape of the die of the above-mentioned extrusion forming device is fixed, only metal forms with simple cross-sections can be prepared, and it is difficult to form different complex cross-section profiles, which makes the application range of the extrusion forming device relatively small. Summary of the invention

[0005] The problem solved by the present invention is how to effectively increase the application scope of profiles prepared by an extrusion forming device.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an extrusion forming device and method for complex cross-section profiles.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an extrusion forming device for a complex cross-section profile, comprising a press, a mold, a glass mat, a heat preservation device and an electric current heating device, wherein the mold comprises a lower mold, the lower mold is provided with an extrusion channel and a sizing belt arranged and connected along its extension direction, the inner diameter of the sizing belt is smaller than the inner diameter of the extrusion channel, and the extrusion channel is used for detachably installing a blank arranged along its extension direction and the glass mat; the heat preservation device is connected to the lower mold, and is used to provide a temperature field for the blank in the extrusion channel;

[0008] The press includes an extrusion rod and a workbench, the lower die is arranged on the workbench, the extrusion rod is arranged above the lower die, the extrusion rod is used to be inserted into the extrusion channel and abut against the blank, the current heating device is connected to the extrusion rod and the lower die, and is used to apply a current field to heat the blank, the blank conducts heat to the glass pad, so that the glass pad melts and adheres to the end face and part of the circumferential side face of the blank to form an intermediate piece; the intermediate piece is used to enter the sizing band under the extrusion action of the extrusion rod to form a complex cross-section profile; the surface shape of the glass pad is similar to the end face shape of the complex cross-section profile.

[0009] Optionally, the lower die comprises an extrusion barrel, a shaping plate and a shaping die, the shaping die is detachably mounted on the shaping plate, the glass mat is detachably mounted on the shaping die, and the shaping plate and the shaping die are respectively provided with the sizing belt;

[0010] The extrusion barrel is arranged on the shaping plate, and the extrusion channel is arranged inside the extrusion barrel.

[0011] Optionally, the shaping plate is provided with a first mounting groove, and at least a portion of the shaping die is disposed in the first mounting groove.

[0012] Optionally, the shaping die is provided with a second mounting groove, and at least a portion of the glass pad is mounted in the second mounting groove.

[0013] Optionally, the heat preservation device includes a plurality of heating devices, a portion of the heating devices are arranged in the extrusion barrel, and another portion of the heating devices are arranged in the shaping plate.

[0014] Optionally, the current heating device comprises a first electric screw, a second electric screw and a DC power supply, the first electric screw is arranged on the extrusion rod, the second electric screw is arranged on the shaping plate, and the first electric screw and the second electric screw are electrically connected to the DC power supply;

[0015] When the extrusion rod abuts against the blank, the first electric screw, the extrusion rod, the blank, the shaping die, the shaping plate, the second electric screw and the DC power supply form a series closed loop.

[0016] Optionally, the lower mold also includes an insulating sleeve, a first annular groove is provided at the bottom end of the extrusion barrel, a second annular groove is provided at the top end of the shaping plate, the first annular groove and the second annular groove are connected to form a third mounting groove, the insulating sleeve is embedded in the third mounting groove, and the insulating sleeve is sleeved on part of the blank.

[0017] Optionally, the lower mold also includes a first insulation plate, a second insulation plate, a support leg, a lower mold base plate and a third insulation plate, the first insulation plate is arranged between the extrusion barrel and the shaping plate, and the second insulation plate, the support leg, the lower mold base plate and the third insulation plate are arranged from top to bottom between the shaping plate and the workbench.

[0018] Optionally, the press further includes an extrusion power device and an extrusion fixing plate, the mold further includes an upper mold, the upper mold includes a fourth heat insulation plate, an upper mold base plate and a fifth heat insulation plate, the top end of the extrusion rod is connected to the extrusion fixing plate, the extrusion power device is arranged above the extrusion fixing plate, and the fourth heat insulation plate, the upper mold base plate and the fifth heat insulation plate are arranged in sequence from top to bottom between the extrusion power device and the extrusion fixing plate;

[0019] The extrusion fixing plate is used for assembly in cooperation with the extrusion barrel.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an extrusion forming method for a complex cross-section profile, based on the extrusion forming device for a complex cross-section profile as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0021] Preheating the blank to a first preset temperature, and heating the lower mold to a second preset temperature by a heat preservation device;

[0022] Placing the heated blank in the extrusion channel of the lower die and on the glass mat;

[0023] The extrusion rod is lowered to apply a first preset pressure to the blank, and the blank is heated by an electric current heating device, and the blank conducts heat to the glass mat, so that the glass mat melts and adheres to the end surface and part of the circumferential side surface of the blank to form an intermediate piece;

[0024] The extrusion rod extrudes the intermediate piece into the sizing belt of the lower die, and the sizing belt is used to shape the intermediate piece into a complex cross-section profile;

[0025] After extrusion is completed, the lower die is removed and the complex cross-section profile is taken out from the sizing belt.

[0026] The extrusion forming device and method of the complex cross-section profile of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The blank can be formed into a complex cross-section profile by the following extrusion method. For example, the blank can be preheated first so that the temperature of the blank reaches the extrusion temperature, and the lower mold of the mold is heated by a heat preservation device to provide a stable and uniform temperature field for the blank, which not only reduces the heat loss of the blank, but also reduces the extrusion resistance generated by the blank when the extrusion rod applies extrusion force to the blank; then the blank heated to the extrusion temperature is transferred to the extrusion channel of the lower mold, and the blank is placed on the upper part of the glass mat in the extrusion channel; then the extrusion rod of the press is driven down into the extrusion channel of the lower mold to abut against the blank; since the current heating device is connected to the extrusion rod and the lower mold, the blank in the extrusion channel of the lower mold is then heated by the current heating device using electric current, and the blank transfers heat to the glass mat A glass mat is provided to melt the glass mat and adhere to the end face and part of the circumferential side face of the blank to form an intermediate piece. Since the surface shape of the glass mat is similar to the end face shape of the complex cross-section profile, the bottom of the intermediate piece can have a complex cross-section similar to the surface shape of the glass mat. The intermediate piece softens under the action of the high temperature of the current heating device, and then the softened intermediate piece enters the sizing belt of the lower die under the downward pressure of the extrusion rod, so that the intermediate piece is shaped into a complex cross-section profile of equal diameter through the sizing belt of the lower die, so as to complete the preparation of the complex cross-section profile; and when the intermediate piece moves in the sizing belt, the glass mat attached to the end face and part of the circumferential side face of the blank after melting can play a lubricating role in the movement of the intermediate piece in the sizing belt, thereby avoiding the problem of the intermediate piece adhering to the inner wall of the sizing belt;

[0028] Furthermore, since the extrusion channel is used for detachably installing the blank and the glass pad arranged along its extension direction, and the surface shape of the glass pad is similar to the end face shape of the complex cross-section profile, a glass pad that matches the complex cross-section of the complex cross-section profile to be prepared can be selected, so that the blank and the glass pad with different shapes can be hot-melt to prepare the corresponding complex cross-section profile, thereby increasing the application range of the extrusion forming device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an extrusion forming device for a complex cross-section profile in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is one of the partial structural schematic diagrams of the extrusion forming device for complex cross-section profiles in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a second partial structural schematic diagram of the extrusion forming device for complex cross-section profiles in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the shaping die and the glass pad in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the partial explosion structure of the lower die and the blank in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 The third schematic diagram of the partial structure of the extrusion forming device for complex cross-section profiles in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the press and the lower die in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Description of reference numerals:

[0037] 1-press; 11-extrusion rod; 12-extrusion fixing plate; 2-lower die; 21-extrusion barrel; 211-extrusion channel; 212-first annular groove; 22-forming plate; 221-first mounting groove; 222-second annular groove; 23-forming die; 231-sizing belt; 232-second mounting groove; 24-insulating sleeve; 25-first insulation board; 26-second insulation board; 27-support leg; 28-lower die base plate; 29-third insulation board; 3-glass pad; 4-heat preservation device; 41-heating device; 5-current heating device; 51-first electric screw; 52-second electric screw; 53-DC power supply; 6-upper die; 61-fourth insulation board; 62-upper die base plate; 63-fifth insulation board; 7-blank; 8-hanging ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Although certain embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be interpreted as being limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the present invention are only for exemplary purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] The Z axis in the drawings represents the vertical direction, that is, the up and down position, and the positive direction of the Z axis represents the top, and the reverse direction of the Z axis represents the bottom; the X axis in the drawings represents the horizontal direction, and is designated as the left and right position, and the positive direction of the X axis represents the right side, and the reverse direction of the X axis represents the left side. It should also be noted that the aforementioned Z axis and X axis are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0040] The term "including" and its variations used in this document are open inclusions, that is, "including but not limited to"; the term "based on" means "based at least in part on"; the term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one other embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments"; the term "optionally" means "optional embodiments". The relevant definitions of other terms will be given in the following description. It should be noted that the concepts of "first", "second", etc. mentioned in the present invention are only used to distinguish different devices, modules or units, and are not used to limit the order or interdependence of the functions performed by these devices, modules or units.

[0041] It should be noted that the modifications of "one" and "plurality" mentioned in the present invention are illustrative rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise clearly indicated in the context, it should be understood as "one or more".

[0042] By using difficult-to-deform high-strength metals such as titanium and its alloys, alloy steel, etc. as raw material billets, complex cross-section profiles with microstructures (high-strength alloy micro-groove heat pipes) can be prepared, the structural performance of the profiles can be regulated, and the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the formed microstructures can be improved. It has great application prospects in the fields of automotive electronics, aerospace, new energy, military industry, precision machinery, etc.

[0043] However, the current micro-nano processing methods such as micro-milling, laser sintering, and 3D printing are difficult, costly, inefficient, and difficult to control the structural quality and strength of complex cross-section equal-diameter profiles.

[0044] In the related art, warm / hot extrusion is used as a plastic forming process, which mainly uses an extrusion forming device to form a profile (i.e., a product) by hot extrusion of the blank to be formed. Specifically, the extrusion forming device mainly includes a mold, a heating device and an upper pressure head. The mold mainly includes a punch and a die. The blank is placed in a cavity formed by the punch and the die. The heating device is connected to the mold. The mold can transfer the heat generated by the heating device to the blank to heat the blank. The upper pressure head is used to apply pressure to the punch of the mold so that the blank undergoes plastic extrusion deformation and is then extruded into a desired shape through the mold.

[0045] The above-mentioned technical solutions currently available are mostly limited to the preparation of metal profiles with low deformation resistance of raw materials and simple cross-sections in macroscopic scale dimensions. With the development of aerospace, automotive electronics, precision machinery and other fields, there is an urgent need to break through the manufacturing technology bottleneck of complex cross-section profiles with microstructures and made of high-strength metal as raw materials.

[0046] However, since the internal shape of the die of the above-mentioned extrusion forming device is fixed, only metal forms with simple cross-sections can be prepared, and it is difficult to form different complex cross-section profiles, which makes the application range of the extrusion forming device relatively small.

[0047] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned related technologies, this embodiment provides an extrusion forming device and method for complex cross-section profiles.

[0048] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, an extrusion forming device for a complex cross-section profile provided by an embodiment of the present invention comprises a press machine 1, a mold, a glass mat 3, a heat preservation device 4 and an electric current heating device 5, wherein the mold comprises a lower mold 2, wherein the lower mold 2 is provided with an extrusion channel 211 and a sizing belt 231 arranged and connected along its extension direction, wherein the inner diameter of the sizing belt 231 is smaller than the inner diameter of the extrusion channel 211, wherein the extrusion channel 211 is used for detachably installing a blank 7 and the glass mat 3 arranged along its extension direction; the heat preservation device 4 is connected to the lower mold 2, and is used for providing a temperature field for the blank 7 in the extrusion channel 211;

[0049] The press machine 1 includes an extrusion rod 11 and a workbench, the lower die 2 is arranged on the workbench, the extrusion rod 11 is arranged above the lower die, the extrusion rod 11 is used to be inserted into the extrusion channel 211 and abut against the blank 7, the current heating device 5 is connected to the extrusion rod 11 and the lower die 2, and is used to apply a current field to heat the blank 7, and the blank 7 conducts heat to the glass mat 3 ， So that the glass pad 3 is melted and adhered to the end face and part of the circumferential side face of the blank 7 to form an intermediate piece; the intermediate piece is used to enter the sizing belt 231 under the extrusion action of the extrusion rod 11 to form a complex cross-section profile; the surface shape of the glass pad 3 is similar to the end face shape of the complex cross-section profile.

[0050] Specifically, the lower mold 2 can be substantially a polygonal column structure or a cylindrical structure, so the lower mold 2 has an extension direction, and the extension direction of the lower mold 2 can be Figure 1 The Z-axis direction in the coordinate system is parallel; the interior of the lower die 2 is provided with an extrusion channel 211 and a sizing belt 231 which are interconnected. The extrusion channel 211 and the sizing belt 231 can be a cylindrical cavity structure in the lower die 2. The extrusion channel 211 is above the sizing belt 231. The inner diameter of the sizing belt 231 is smaller than the inner diameter of the extrusion channel 211 to prevent the blank 7 from falling into the sizing belt 231 before electric current heating, and the intermediate piece can be shaped into a complex cross-section profile with equal diameter through the sizing belt 231.

[0051] The blank 7 may be a cylindrical structure or a polygonal column structure, the glass pad 3 may be a plate-like structure or a sheet-like structure, and the area of ​​the larger surface of the glass pad 3 is smaller than the area of ​​the bottom surface of the blank 7 .

[0052] The heat preservation device 4 is connected to the lower mold 2 and is used to heat the lower mold 2 so that the lower mold 2 reaches a certain temperature before the blank 7 is placed therein, thereby providing a temperature field for the blank 7 subsequently placed in the extrusion channel 211 to keep the blank 7 warm and reduce its heat damage.

[0053] The lower die 2 can be placed on the workbench of the press machine 1 to support the lower die 2. At least part of the extrusion rod 11 can be a cylindrical structure, and the inner diameter of the extrusion channel 211 is larger than the outer diameter of the extrusion rod 11, so that at least part of the extrusion rod 11 can be smoothly inserted into the extrusion channel 211.

[0054] The current heating device 5 is connected to the extrusion rod 11 and the lower die 2, so that the extrusion rod 11, the blank 7, the glass mat 3, the lower die 2 and the current heating device 5 can form a closed loop to heat the blank 7 with current. Since the larger surface area of ​​the glass mat 3 is smaller than the bottom surface area of ​​the blank 7, the area of ​​the glass mat 3 becomes larger after melting, and the enlarged area of ​​the glass mat 3 is larger than the end surface area of ​​the blank 7, so that under the downward pressure of the extrusion rod 11, it can be completely attached to the end surface of the blank 7 and cover part of the circumferential side surface to form an intermediate piece. The intermediate piece is an intermediate semi-finished product in the process of preparing the blank 7 into a complex cross-section profile.

[0055] The surface shape of the glass mat 3 is similar to the end face shape of the complex cross-section profile, which means that a complex cross-section profile with a corresponding end face shape can be prepared with glass mats 3 of different shapes.

[0056] In this embodiment, the blank 7 can be formed into a complex cross-section profile by the following extrusion method. For example, the blank 7 can be preheated first so that the temperature of the blank 7 reaches the extrusion temperature, and the lower mold 2 of the mold is heated by the heat preservation device 4 to provide a stable and uniform temperature field for the blank 7, which not only reduces the heat loss of the blank 7, but also reduces the extrusion resistance generated by the blank 7 when the extrusion rod 11 applies extrusion force to the blank 7; then the blank 7 heated to the extrusion temperature is transferred to the extrusion channel 211 of the lower mold 2, and the blank 7 is placed on the upper part of the glass mat 3 in the extrusion channel 211; then the extrusion rod 11 of the press 1 is driven down to the extrusion channel 211 of the lower mold 2 to abut against the blank 7; since the current heating device 5 is connected to the extrusion rod 11 and the lower mold 2, the blank 7 in the extrusion channel 211 of the lower mold 2 is then heated by the current heating device 5 by electric current, and the blank 7 conducts heat to the glass mat 3 ，The glass pad 3 is melted and attached to the end face and part of the circumferential side face of the blank 7 to form an intermediate piece. Since the surface shape of the glass pad 3 is similar to the end face shape of the complex cross-section profile, the bottom of the intermediate piece can have a complex cross-section similar to the surface shape of the glass pad 3. The intermediate piece softens under the action of the high temperature of the current heating device 5. Then, the softened intermediate piece enters the sizing belt 231 of the lower die 2 under the downward pressure of the extrusion rod 11, so that the intermediate piece is shaped into a complex cross-section profile of equal diameter through the sizing belt 231 of the lower die 2 to complete the preparation of the complex cross-section profile; and when the intermediate piece moves in the sizing belt 231, the glass pad 3 that is melted and attached to part of the circumferential side face of the blank 7 can play a lubricating role in the movement of the intermediate piece in the sizing belt 231, thereby avoiding the problem of the intermediate piece adhering to the inner wall of the sizing belt 231;

[0057] Furthermore, since the extrusion channel 211 is used for detachably installing the blank 7 and the glass pad 3 arranged along its extension direction, and the surface shape of the glass pad 3 is similar to the end face shape of the complex cross-section profile, the glass pad 3 matching the complex cross-section in the complex cross-section profile to be prepared can be selected, and the blank 7 and the glass pad 3 with different shapes can be hot-melt to prepare the corresponding complex cross-section profile, thereby increasing the application range of the extrusion forming device.

[0058] Therefore, the present invention couples the DC current of the current heating device 5, the heat provided by the heat preservation device 4 and the axial pressure field generated by the extrusion rod 11, and integrates the profile straightening, in-situ heating and glass pad 3 lubrication in an integrated design, thereby solving the problem that the related technology cannot realize the heating, lubrication and extrusion of high-strength alloy complex-section profiles, and can realize the mutual coupling extrusion of current field, temperature field and force field, so as to realize low-cost batch manufacturing of high-strength alloy complex-section profiles.

[0059] Optionally, combined Figure 2 As shown, the lower die 2 includes an extrusion barrel 21, a shaping plate 22 and a shaping die 23, the shaping die 23 is detachably mounted on the shaping plate 22, the glass pad 3 is detachably mounted on the shaping die 23, and the shaping plate 22 and the shaping die 23 are respectively provided with the sizing belt 231;

[0060] The extrusion barrel 21 is disposed on the shaping plate 22 , and the extrusion channel 211 is disposed inside the extrusion barrel 21 .

[0061] Specifically, the extrusion barrel 21 can be arranged above the shaping plate 22; the shaping die 23 can be detachably installed on the shaping plate 22, which means that the shaping die 23 can be arranged between the extrusion barrel 21 and the shaping plate 22, or at least part of the shaping die 23 is arranged inside the shaping plate 22.

[0062] The glass mat 3 can be placed on the shaping die 23 to support and position the glass mat 3 through the shaping die 23. The inner diameters of the sizing belt 231 of the shaping plate 22 and the sizing belt 231 of the shaping die 23 can be the same or different. For example, the inner diameter of the sizing belt 231 of the shaping die 23 can be smaller than the inner diameter of the sizing belt 231 of the shaping plate 22.

[0063] An extrusion channel 211 is provided inside the extrusion barrel 21 , and the extrusion channel 211 is arranged and communicated with the shaping plate 22 and the sizing belt 231 of the shaping die 23 along the extending direction of the lower die 2 .

[0064] The shaping die 23 and the shaping plate 22 may be columnar structures with a sizing belt 231 disposed therein, and the extrusion channel 211 is coaxially arranged with the sizing belt 231 of the shaping die 23 and the shaping plate 22 .

[0065] In this optional embodiment, since the glass pad 3 is detachably mounted on the shaping die 23, the heat generated by the current heating device 5 is transferred to the glass pad 3 through the blank 7, so that the glass pad 3 is partially melted under the high temperature conducted by the blank 7, first separated from the shaping die 23 and then attached to the end face (such as the bottom face) and part of the circumferential side face of the blank 7 to form an intermediate piece. Since the shaping die 23 is detachably mounted on the shaping plate 22, shaping dies 23 of different specifications can be flexibly allocated according to glass pads 3 of different sizes, so as to ensure that glass pads 3 of corresponding sizes can be placed on the shaping die 23 more stably and quickly, so that the accurately and stably placed glass pad 3 can be evenly attached to the end face and part of the circumferential side face of the blank 7 after being melted at high temperature, thereby correspondingly improving the forming quality of complex cross-section profiles.

[0066] Optionally, combined Figure 3 As shown, the shaping plate 22 is provided with a first mounting groove 221 , and at least a portion of the shaping die 23 is disposed in the first mounting groove 221 .

[0067] Specifically, the inner diameter of the first positioning groove is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the shaping die 23 , so that the shaping die 23 can be smoothly installed in the first installation groove 221 of the shaping plate 22 .

[0068] At least a portion of the shaping die 23 is disposed in the first installation groove 221 , which means that the lower portion of the shaping die 23 is in the first installation groove 221 , or the entire shaping die 23 is in the first installation groove 221 .

[0069] In this optional embodiment, since the molding die 23 is arranged in the first mounting groove 221 of the molding plate 22, after the two are assembled, the axis of the molding die 23 coincides with the axis of the molding plate 22, ensuring the coaxiality of the molding die 23 and the molding plate 22, and the sizing belt 231 of the molding die 23 is connected with the sizing belt 231 of the molding plate 22 to ensure that the intermediate piece can smoothly enter the sizing belt 231 of the molding plate 22 from the sizing belt 231 of the molding die 23 under the downward pressure of the extrusion rod 11, which can improve the quality of the formed complex cross-section profile.

[0070] Optionally, combined Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the shaping die 23 is provided with a second mounting groove 232 , and at least a portion of the glass pad 3 is mounted in the second mounting groove 232 .

[0071] Specifically, the surface of the glass pad 3 may be a circular structure, and the size of the second mounting groove 232 of the shaping die 23 may be greater than or equal to the size of the glass pad 3 , so that the glass pad 3 can be smoothly placed in the shaping die 23 .

[0072] At least part of the glass pad 3 is installed in the second installation groove 232 means that, since the glass pad 3 has a certain thickness, the lower part of the glass pad 3 is in the second installation groove 232 , or the entire glass pad 3 is in the second installation groove 232 .

[0073] In this optional embodiment, since at least a portion of the glass pad 3 is installed in the second installation groove 232, the glass pad 3 can be supported and positioned by the second installation groove 232 to prevent the glass pad 3 from deviating from the position before it is melted by the heat conducted by the blank 7 due to the gravity of the blank 7 and the downward pressure of the extrusion rod 11. The melted glass pad 3 can be accurately attached to the end face (such as the bottom face) and at least the circumferential side wall of the blank 7, thereby correspondingly improving the forming quality of the complex cross-section profile.

[0074] Optionally, the heat preservation device 4 can adopt the following structure, combined with Figure 2 As shown, the heat preservation device 4 includes a plurality of heating devices 41 , a portion of the heating devices 41 are disposed in the extrusion barrel 21 , and another portion of the heating devices 41 are disposed in the shaping plate 22 .

[0075] Specifically, the shape of the heating device 41 can be a rod, a U-shaped structure, an S-shaped structure, etc., which is not specifically limited here.

[0076] In addition, the heating device 41 can be any one of a resistance wire electric heater, an electric heating tube electric heater, a PTC electric heater, etc.

[0077] Different numbers of heating devices 41 can be installed according to the material and volume of the extrusion barrel 21 and the shaping plate 22; Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of, for example, four, heating devices 41 may be installed in the extrusion barrel 21 , and a plurality of, for example, two, heating devices 41 may be installed in the shaping plate 22 .

[0078] The plurality of heating devices 41 are electrically connected to an external power supply device, respectively, so that the operation or stop of each heating device 41 can be controlled by the external power supply device.

[0079] In this optional embodiment, since multiple heating devices 41 are respectively installed in the extrusion barrel 21 and the forming plate 22, a suitable number of heating devices 41 can be selected and controlled to work according to the different materials of the blanks 7, and the multiple heating devices 41 can be controlled separately, so as to more accurately control the temperature of the extrusion barrel 21 and the forming die 23 according to the different materials of the blanks 7, so as to provide a corresponding temperature field for the blanks 7, thereby correspondingly improving the forming quality of complex cross-section profiles.

[0080] Optionally, combined Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the current heating device 5 includes a first electric screw 51, a second electric screw 52 and a DC power supply 53, wherein the first electric screw 51 is arranged on the extrusion rod 11, and the second electric screw 52 is arranged on the shaping plate 22, and the first electric screw 51 and the second electric screw 52 are electrically connected to the DC power supply 53;

[0081] When the extrusion rod 11 abuts against the blank 7, the first electric screw 51, the extrusion rod 11, the blank 7, the shaping die 23, the shaping plate 22, the second electric screw 52 and the DC power supply 53 form a series closed loop.

[0082] Specifically, the two electric screws can be connected to the extrusion rod 11 and the forming plate 22 respectively in the following manner. For example, a first threaded hole is provided on the extrusion rod 11, and the first electric screw 51 is inserted into the first threaded hole and threadedly connected to fix the first electric screw 51 to the extrusion rod 11; a second threaded hole is provided on the forming plate 22, and the second electric screw 52 is inserted into the second threaded hole and threadedly connected to fix the second electric screw 52 to the forming plate 22.

[0083] The DC power supply 53 is used to provide a DC current to heat the blank 7 through the DC current. The blank 7 transfers the heat to the glass pad 3, so that the glass pad 3 melts under the action of high temperature and adheres to the end face and part of the circumferential side of the blank 7 to form an intermediate piece. The intermediate piece becomes soft under the action of the DC current, which helps it to enter the sizing belt 231 to form a complex cross-section profile with equal diameter.

[0084] Among them, the first electric screw 51 can be electrically connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply 53, and the second electric screw 52 can be electrically connected to the negative terminal of the DC power supply 53.

[0085] In this optional embodiment, when the extrusion rod 11 descends into the extrusion channel 211 and abuts against the blank 7, the first electric screw 51, the extrusion rod 11, the blank 7, the glass pad 3, the shaping die 23, the shaping plate 22, the second electric screw 52 and the DC power supply 53 form a series closed loop. At this time, the DC current generated by the DC power supply 53 can be output from its positive terminal and can be output along the first electric screw 51 in sequence through the extrusion rod 11, the blank 7, the shaping die 23, the shaping plate 22 and the The second electric screw 52 then flows into the negative terminal of the DC power supply 53. At this time, the DC power supply 53 can heat the blank 7 by means of DC current. The blank 7 transfers the heat to the glass pad 3, so that the contact portion of the glass pad 3 with the blank 7 melts under the action of high temperature and adheres to the end face and part of the circumferential side of the blank 7 to form an intermediate piece. The intermediate piece becomes soft under the action of the DC power supply 53, which helps to enter the sizing belt 231 under the downward extrusion action of the extrusion rod 11 to form a complex cross-section profile with equal diameter.

[0086] Furthermore, the DC current generated by the DC power supply 53 heats the blank 7 or the intermediate piece and the glass pad 3 faster than the pulse current, and accordingly reduces the extrusion force of the extrusion rod 11, which can appropriately increase the filling degree of the complex cross-section profile (formed product) to further improve the forming quality of the complex cross-section profile.

[0087] Optionally, combined Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the lower mold 2 also includes an insulating sleeve 24, a first annular groove 212 is provided at the bottom end of the extrusion barrel 21, a second annular groove 222 is provided at the top end of the shaping plate 22, the first annular groove 212 and the second annular groove 222 are connected to form a third mounting groove, the insulating sleeve 24 is embedded in the third mounting groove, and the insulating sleeve 24 is sleeved on a portion of the blank 7.

[0088] Specifically, the diameter of the insulating sleeve 24 may be greater than the diameter of the blank 7 , so that the insulating sleeve 24 can be sleeved on the blank 7 , or the blank 7 can be inserted into the insulating sleeve 24 .

[0089] The insulating sleeve 24 can be made of insulating materials such as ceramics. When the insulating sleeve 24 is sleeved on the outside of the blank 7, the insulating sleeve 24 can constrain or guide the DC current acting on the blank 7 so that the DC current can flow along the axial direction of the blank 7 to avoid the DC current being transmitted to other components.

[0090] The insulating sleeve 24 is sleeved on the portion of the blank 7 , which means that the axial length of the insulating sleeve 24 is smaller than the length of the blank 7 , so that the insulating sleeve 24 can only be sleeved on the portion of the blank 7 .

[0091] The insulating sleeve 24 can be installed in the following manner, for example, a first annular groove 212 is opened at the bottom end of the extrusion barrel 21, and a second annular groove 222 is provided at the top end of the shaping plate 22. The first annular groove 212 is coaxially arranged with the second annular groove 222 and is connected to form a third installation groove. The axial length of the third installation groove is greater than or equal to the axial length of the insulating sleeve 24 to ensure that the insulating sleeve 24 can be smoothly embedded and installed in the third installation groove.

[0092] In this optional embodiment, since the insulating sleeve 24 is embedded in the third mounting groove, and the extrusion barrel 21 is mounted on the shaping plate 22, the insulating sleeve 24 is positioned in the up and down directions by the extrusion barrel 21 and the shaping plate 22 to improve the installation stability of the insulating sleeve 24. When the lower part of the blank 7 is inserted into the insulating sleeve 24, the DC current flowing through the blank 7 is guided by the insulating sleeve 24 to prevent the DC current from being transmitted to other components, and the blank 7 can also be insulated and kept warm by the insulating sleeve 24 to avoid heat loss, so as to improve the current heating efficiency of the blank 7, so that the blank 7 can be effectively softened within a set time, and the forming efficiency of the complex cross-section profile is correspondingly improved.

[0093] Optionally, combined Figure 6 As shown, the lower mold 2 also includes a first heat insulation plate 25, a second heat insulation plate 26, a support leg 27, a lower mold base plate 28 and a third heat insulation plate 29. The first heat insulation plate 25 is arranged between the extrusion barrel 21 and the shaping plate 22, and the second heat insulation plate 26, the support leg 27, the lower mold base plate 28 and the third heat insulation plate 29 are arranged from top to bottom between the shaping plate 22 and the workbench.

[0094] Specifically, the first heat insulation board 25, the second heat insulation board 26 and the third heat insulation board 29 may be a plate-shaped structure made of insulating and heat-insulating materials.

[0095] The second heat insulation board 26 may be located between the shaping board 22 and the legs 27 , a lower die base plate 28 is installed below the legs 27 , and the third heat insulation board 29 may be installed between the lower die base plate 28 and the workbench.

[0096] An exhaust channel is provided inside the support leg 27, and the exhaust channel is coaxially arranged with the sizing belt 231 of the shaping plate 22, but the inner diameter of the exhaust channel can be smaller than the inner diameter of the sizing belt 231. Through the exhaust channel, it can be ensured that the air pressure in the support leg 27 is balanced with the external air pressure during the process of the intermediate piece entering the sizing belt 231 under the downward extrusion action of the extrusion rod 11.

[0097] The lower die 2 also includes a lifting ring 8. At least two lifting rings 8 may be provided on the circumferential outer wall of the lower die base plate 28 to facilitate lifting the lower die 2 by a lifting device such as a crane, so as to facilitate transferring the lower die 2 to the workbench of the press 1.

[0098] In this optional embodiment, since the first insulation plate 25 is arranged between the extrusion barrel 21 and the shaping plate 22, the insulating sleeve 24 is sleeved on a portion of the blank 7, and the second insulation plate 26 is arranged between the shaping plate 22 and the support leg 27, through the first insulation plate 25, the insulating sleeve 24 and the second insulation plate 26, not only can the flow path of the direct current output by the current heating device 5 be controlled so that the direct current can flow along the axial direction of the blank 7 to improve the current heating efficiency of the blank 7, but also the circumferential insulation and heat preservation of the blank 7 can be played. In short, through the dual effects of current heating and insulation and heat preservation, the forming efficiency of complex cross-section profiles is effectively improved, and the safety of the extrusion forming device can also be guaranteed to avoid leakage accidents.

[0099] Optionally, combined Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, the press 1 also includes an extrusion power device and an extrusion fixed plate 12, the mold also includes an upper mold 6, the upper mold 6 includes a fourth heat insulation plate 61, an upper mold base plate 62 and a fifth heat insulation plate 63, the top end of the extrusion rod 11 is connected to the extrusion fixed plate 12, the extrusion power device is arranged above the extrusion fixed plate 12, and the fourth heat insulation plate 61, the upper mold base plate 62, and the fifth heat insulation plate 63 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom between the extrusion power device and the extrusion fixed plate 12;

[0100] The extrusion fixing plate 12 is used for assembly with the extrusion barrel 21 .

[0101] Specifically, a fourth heat insulation plate 61 is installed at the bottom of the extrusion power device (not shown in the figure), and the fourth heat insulation plate 61, the upper mold base plate 62, and the fifth heat insulation plate 63 are fixedly assembled between the extrusion power device and the extrusion fixed plate 12 from top to bottom.

[0102] The extrusion power device can be a vertically arranged hydraulic cylinder, electric push rod, or hydraulic electric cylinder, etc., which is mainly used to drive the upper mold 6 and the extrusion rod 11 at the lower end of the upper mold 6 to rise or fall.

[0103] The extrusion fixing plate 12 can be used as a connecting component between the extrusion rod 11 and the upper mold 6 .

[0104] The extrusion fixing plate 12 is used for assembly with the extrusion barrel 21, which means that during the extrusion of the blank 7, the extrusion fixing plate 12 and the extrusion barrel 21 are enclosed and matched to enable the upper mold 6 and the lower mold 2 of the mold to perform a mold contact action.

[0105] In this optional embodiment, after the blank 7 is placed on the glass mat 3 in the extrusion channel 211, the extrusion power device can be used to drive the upper mold 6 and the extrusion rod 11 installed below the extrusion fixing plate 12 to descend to insert into the extrusion channel 211 and quickly abut against the blank 7. At this time, the extrusion fixing plate 12 and the upper end of the extrusion barrel 21 are enclosed and matched to achieve the mold closing action of the upper mold 6 and the lower mold 2. Subsequently, the current heating device 5 can generate a direct current to heat the blank 7, and the blank 7 conducts heat to the glass mat 3. ， The glass pad 3 is melted to adhere to the bottom surface of the blank 7 and part of the circumferential side wall to form an intermediate piece. As the DC current continues to flow through the intermediate piece, the intermediate piece becomes soft. As the extrusion rod 11 pushes downward, the softened intermediate piece is squeezed into the sizing band 231 of the shaping plate 22 to form a complex cross-section profile. In the process of converting the blank 7 into an intermediate piece and finally forming it into a complex cross-section profile, the fourth insulation board 61 and the fifth insulation board 63 can play an insulating and heat-insulating role between the extrusion barrel 21 of the lower mold 2 and the extrusion power device, so as to avoid the high temperature of the extrusion barrel 21 from being transmitted to the extrusion power device. In other words, the high temperature of the extrusion barrel 21 is prevented from affecting the working state of the extrusion power device, thereby ensuring the stability of the downward push of the extrusion power device.

[0106] Another embodiment of the present invention provides an extrusion forming method for a complex cross-section profile, based on the extrusion forming device for the complex cross-section profile as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0107] S1. Preheat the blank 7 to a first preset temperature, and heat the lower mold 2 to a second preset temperature through the heat preservation device 4.

[0108] It should be noted that, S11, before preheating the blank 7, a glass lubricant may be applied to the cylindrical surface of the blank 7, and then the end surface and the circumferential side surface of the blank 7 may be polished and smoothed by mechanical processing such as polishing. The raw material of the blank 7 may be a metal material such as titanium, magnesium, aluminum and alloys thereof.

[0109] S12. The blank 7 is then placed in a heating furnace and preheated to a first preset temperature, which may be the extrusion temperature of the blank 7, for example, 500°C. During this process, the extrusion barrel 21 and the shaping plate 22 of the lower mold 2 may be heated to a second preset temperature by the heat preservation device 4, which is the insulation temperature for the blank 7, and the second preset temperature may be the same as the first preset temperature, to avoid heat loss caused by the subsequent placement of the blank 7 in the extrusion channel 211. During this process, the heat preservation device 4 heats the extrusion barrel 21 and the shaping plate 22 of the lower mold 2, and also has a certain heating effect on the glass pad 3, but the second preset temperature cannot reach the melting temperature of the glass pad 3; the upper mold 6 and the extrusion rod 11 are both above the lower mold 2, and there is a large height between the upper mold 6 and the lower mold 2, which not only makes the upper mold 6 and the extrusion rod 11 not participate in the heating of the heat preservation device 4, so as to avoid the temperature of the lower mold 2 being too high and affecting the effect of the blank 7 and the glass pad 3 being formed into a complex cross-section profile, but also makes the upper mold 6 not produce positional interference with the subsequent transfer of the heated blank 7 to the extrusion channel 211, so as to ensure that the heated blank 7 can be smoothly transferred to the extrusion channel 211.

[0110] S13, transferring the lower die 2 of the mold to the workbench of the press 1, and ensuring that the lower die 2 does not interfere with the extrusion rod 11 and the upper die 6, and ensuring that the mold and the press 1 are reliably positioned and accurately guided.

[0111] The tonnage of press 1 is selected according to the material strength. It is recommended that the ultimate pressure of the selected equipment is greater than or equal to 100T. To ensure sufficient current density, the current range provided by the external power supply equipment should be at least 0-2000A. The power supply equipment should have multiple power-on modes, including constant current, constant voltage, boost current and boost voltage modes, and should also have multiple current forms such as output DC current and pulse current.

[0112] S14. Check the safe power-on condition of the mold: Use a multimeter to check whether the upper and lower molds of the mold are insulated from the press 1 respectively. The mold and the press 1 should remain completely insulated; check whether the circuits of the first electric screw 51 and the second electric screw 52 of the current heating device 5 are connected. When the mold is fully assembled and the blank 7 is under pre-pressure, the first electric screw 51 and the second electric screw 52 should remain connected.

[0113] S2, placing the heated blank 7 in the extrusion channel 211 of the lower mold 2 and on the glass mat 3.

[0114] It should be noted that the blank 7 heated to the first preset temperature can be placed in the extrusion channel 211 of the extrusion barrel 21 by a robot, and the blank 7 is placed on the glass pad 3 on the molding die 23 to complete the positioning operation of the blank 7 and the glass pad 3.

[0115] S3, the extrusion rod 11 is lowered to apply a first preset pressure to the blank 7, and the blank 7 is heated by the current heating device 5, and the blank 7 conducts heat to the glass mat 3 ， The glass mat 3 is melted and adhered to the end surface and part of the circumferential side surface of the blank 7 to form an intermediate piece.

[0116] It should be noted that the first preset pressure refers to the extrusion force of the extrusion rod 11 on the blank 7 before the blank 7 is heated by electric current. The extrusion force can be 200N, which is used to make the blank 7 in good contact with the molding die 23 to avoid short circuit when the current heating device heats the blank 7 by electric current.

[0117] Subsequently, the extrusion rod 11 can be driven down by the extrusion power device so that at least a portion of the extrusion rod 11 is inserted into the extrusion channel 211 of the extrusion barrel 21 to apply a first preset pressure to the blank 7; then, a direct current is output through the current heating device 5 to heat the blank 7, and the blank 7 can transfer the heat generated by the current heating device 5 to the glass pad 3. When the temperature of the glass pad 3 exceeds the softening temperature, part of the glass pad 3 begins to melt and adhere to the end face and part of the circumferential side face of the blank 7 to form an intermediate piece; in this process, the hardness of the intermediate piece becomes softer under the high temperature of the direct current, thereby facilitating the subsequent formation of a complex cross-section profile with equal diameter in the sizing band.

[0118] S4. The extrusion rod 11 extrudes the intermediate piece into the sizing belt 231 of the lower die 2. The sizing belt 231 is used to shape the intermediate piece into a complex cross-section profile.

[0119] It should be noted that after the hardness of the intermediate piece becomes soft, the extrusion rod 11 continues to push downward to apply a second preset pressure to the intermediate piece, so as to extrude the softened intermediate piece into the sizing belt 231 of the shaping die 23 and the shaping plate 22. At this time, the softened intermediate piece can be formed into a complex cross-section profile with equal diameter through the sizing belt 231.

[0120] S5. After the extrusion is completed, the lower die 2 is removed and the complex cross-section profile is taken out from the sizing belt 231.

[0121] Specifically, after extrusion is completed, the DC power supply 53 of the first electric screw 51 and the second electric screw 52 is disconnected, and the external power supply device that supplies power to the heating device 41 in the insulation device 4 is turned off. After the upper mold 6 and the lower mold 2 are cooled, the demolding operation is performed. For example, the extrusion power device drives the extrusion rod 11 and the upper mold 6 to rise to separate from the lower mold 2, and then the first insulation board 25 of the lower mold 2 is separated from the upper shaping board 22, or the second insulation board 26 is separated from the lower support leg 27, so as to remove the complex cross-section profile from the bottom end of the sizing belt 231 of the shaping board 22.

[0122] Finally, a new glass mat 3 is replaced to prepare for the preparation of the next complex cross-section profile.

[0123] The beneficial effects of the extrusion forming method of complex cross-section profiles in this embodiment relative to the prior art are the same as those of the extrusion forming device of complex cross-section profiles described above, and will not be described in detail here.

[0124] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An extrusion forming device for complex cross-section profiles, characterized in that: The invention comprises a press machine (1), a mold, a glass mat (3), a heat preservation device (4) and an electric current heating device (5), wherein the mold comprises a lower mold (2), the lower mold (2) being provided with an extrusion channel (211) and a sizing belt (231) arranged and connected along its extension direction, the inner diameter of the sizing belt (231) being smaller than the inner diameter of the extrusion channel (211), and the extrusion channel (211) being used for detachably installing a blank (7) and the glass mat (3) arranged along its extension direction; the heat preservation device (4) being connected to the lower mold (2) and being used for providing a temperature field for the blank (7) in the extrusion channel (211); The press (1) comprises an extrusion rod (11) and a workbench, the lower die (2) is arranged on the workbench, the extrusion rod (11) is arranged above the lower die (2), the extrusion rod (11) is used to be inserted into the extrusion channel (211) and abut against the blank (7), the current heating device (5) is connected to the extrusion rod (11) and the lower die (2), and is used to apply a current field to heat the blank (7) by current, the blank (7) conducts heat to the glass mat (3), so that the glass mat (3) melts and adheres to the end face and part of the circumferential side face of the blank (7) to form an intermediate piece; the intermediate piece is used to enter the sizing belt (231) under the extrusion action of the extrusion rod (11) to form a complex cross-section profile; the surface shape of the glass mat (3) is similar to the end face shape of the complex cross-section profile.

2. The extrusion forming device for complex cross-section profiles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower die (2) comprises an extrusion barrel (21), a shaping plate (22) and a shaping die (23); the shaping die (23) is detachably mounted on the shaping plate (22); the glass pad (3) is detachably mounted on the shaping die (23); and the shaping plate (22) and the shaping die (23) are respectively provided with the sizing belt (231); The extrusion barrel (21) is arranged on the shaping plate (22), and the extrusion channel (211) is arranged inside the extrusion barrel (21).

3. The extrusion forming device for complex cross-section profiles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shaping plate (22) is provided with a first installation groove (221), and at least a portion of the shaping die (23) is arranged in the first installation groove (221).

4. The extrusion forming device for complex cross-section profiles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shaping die (23) is provided with a second mounting groove (232), and at least a portion of the glass pad (3) is mounted in the second mounting groove (232).

5. The extrusion forming device for complex cross-section profiles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat preservation device (4) comprises a plurality of heating devices (41), a portion of the heating devices (41) are arranged in the extrusion barrel (21), and another portion of the heating devices (41) are arranged in the shaping plate (22).

6. The extrusion forming device for complex cross-section profiles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electric current heating device (5) comprises a first electric screw (51), a second electric screw (52) and a DC power supply (53); the first electric screw (51) is arranged on the extrusion rod (11), the second electric screw (52) is arranged on the shaping plate (22), and the first electric screw (51) and the second electric screw (52) are electrically connected to the DC power supply (53); When the extrusion rod (11) abuts against the blank (7), the first electric screw (51), the extrusion rod (11), the blank (7), the shaping die (23), the shaping plate (22), the second electric screw (52) and the DC power supply (53) form a series closed loop.

7. The extrusion forming device for complex cross-section profiles according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lower die (2) further comprises an insulating sleeve (24); a first annular groove (212) is provided at the bottom end of the extrusion barrel (21); a second annular groove (222) is provided at the top end of the shaping plate (22); the first annular groove (212) and the second annular groove (222) are connected to form a third mounting groove; the insulating sleeve (24) is embedded in the third mounting groove; and the insulating sleeve (24) is sleeved on a portion of the blank (7).

8. The extrusion forming device for complex cross-section profiles according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lower mold (2) further comprises a first heat insulation plate (25), a second heat insulation plate (26), a support leg (27), a lower mold base plate (28) and a third heat insulation plate (29); the first heat insulation plate (25) is arranged between the extrusion barrel (21) and the shaping plate (22); the second heat insulation plate (26), the support leg (27), the lower mold base plate (28) and the third heat insulation plate (29) are arranged from top to bottom between the shaping plate (22) and the workbench.

9. The extrusion forming device for complex cross-section profiles according to claim 6, characterized in that: The press (1) further comprises an extrusion power device and an extrusion fixing plate (12), the mold further comprises an upper mold (6), the upper mold (6) comprises a fourth heat insulation plate (61), an upper mold base plate (62) and a fifth heat insulation plate (63), the top end of the extrusion rod (11) is connected to the extrusion fixing plate (12), the extrusion power device is arranged above the extrusion fixing plate (12), and the fourth heat insulation plate (61), the upper mold base plate (62) and the fifth heat insulation plate (63) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom between the extrusion power device and the extrusion fixing plate (12); The extrusion fixing plate (12) is used for assembly with the extrusion barrel (21).

10. An extrusion forming method for a complex cross-section profile, based on the extrusion forming device for a complex cross-section profile according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: The blank (7) is preheated to a first preset temperature, and the lower mold (2) is heated to a second preset temperature by a heat preservation device (4); Placing the heated blank (7) in the extrusion channel (211) of the lower die (2) and on the glass mat (3); The extrusion rod (11) is lowered to apply a first preset pressure to the blank (7), and the blank (7) is heated by the electric current heating device (5), and the blank (7) conducts heat to the glass mat (3). ， so that the glass pad (3) is melted and adhered to the end surface and part of the circumferential side surface of the blank (7) to form an intermediate piece; The extrusion rod (11) extrudes the intermediate piece into a sizing belt (231) of the lower die (2), and the sizing belt (231) is used to shape the intermediate piece into a complex cross-section profile; After the extrusion is completed, the lower die (2) is removed and the complex cross-section profile is taken out from the sizing belt (231).

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