Solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-protection alloy powder as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-protection alloy powder and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of open arc surfacing materials. The solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-protection alloy powder comprises, by mass, 11.0%-15.8% of C, 1.0%-2.0% of B, 1.0%-2.0% of Si, 1.5%-2.8% of Mn, 2.0%-4.0% of Al, 18.0%-24.0% of Cr, 7.2%-8.5% of Ti, 3%-4% of CaF, 0.08%-0.4% of rare earth elements and the balance Fe, Mn13 # steel, MnO and Cr3C2 are mixed for desulfuration and dephosphorization, then B, Al, Ti, Si and the rare earth elements are added for mixed smelting, and then atomization granulation and drying are conducted to obtain the solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-protection alloy powder. The solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-protection alloy powder is specially used for Mn13 # steel under low stress impact, the hardness, abrasion resistance, self-lubricating performance, oxidation resistance, metallurgical bonding and the like of a surfacing layer under low stress impact are guaranteed, meanwhile, the wettability of the powder is improved, and the problems of cracking, air holes and the like of the surfacing layer in the open arc surfacing process are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of open arc cladding materials, and in particular relates to a solid welding wire open arc cladding self-protection alloy powder and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Mn13# steel is a widely used wear-resistant steel that can be used in a variety of key components. It resists wear through work hardening. However, in actual applications, due to insufficient work hardening, the surface of the material is often prone to wear, corrosion and other failures. Therefore, while maintaining the overall strength and toughness of the material, improving the surface wear resistance, corrosion resistance and other specific performance of the material has become the focus of research.

[0003] Solid wire open arc cladding powder technology refers to placing the selected cladding powder on the substrate by different adding methods, using the welding wire as a heat source to melt the powder material, so that the material is quickly heated to a molten state, and after fusing with the substrate surface, a surface wear-resistant layer with good metallurgical bonding is formed. This technology can be used to process and modify the surface of metal-based parts to improve the hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, and oxidation resistance of the metal surface.

[0004] The performance of solid wire open arc cladding powder is affected by many factors, and powder material is one of the most important factors. In order to obtain a good crack-free cladding layer, first, the cladding powder must have not only good self-fluxing properties, but also good metallurgical bonding properties, which requires the cladding powder and welding wire components to be compatible. If the element content of the powder material and the welding wire cannot be complementary, and the difference between the wire feeding amount and the powder dosage is too large, the characteristics of rapid cooling and rapid heating of open arc cladding will cause problems such as pores, cracks, and more inclusions; second, the powder material must have good self-protection properties, because solid wire usually needs to be welded with a shielding gas, and cladding without a shielding gas requires the powder component to have good self-protection, otherwise it will have a greater impact on the forming after cladding.

[0005] At present, solid welding wire open arc cladding powder is mostly based on prepared commercial powder, but solid welding wire open arc cladding powder materials dedicated to a certain metal are in short supply. Existing wear-resistant cladding layers are mostly cladding with self-shielding flux-cored welding wires. The welding wires need to go through cumbersome process flows such as core filling, drawing, and rolling, and the components are single. There is a lack of technology to improve the performance of the matrix by using solid welding wire open arc cladding self-shielding alloy powder. For this reason, the present invention proposes a solid welding wire open arc cladding self-shielding alloy powder and its preparation method and application. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the friction and wear caused by insufficient work hardening of Mn13# steel under low stress impact, and proposes a solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-protection alloy powder and a preparation method and application thereof. The solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-protection alloy powder of the present invention is an Fe-based alloy powder, which is similar to the component composition of the Mn13# steel matrix. The solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-protection alloy powder of the present invention is specially used for Mn13# steel under low stress impact, ensuring the hardness, wear resistance, self-lubrication, oxidation resistance, metallurgical bonding, etc. of the surfacing layer under low stress impact, and at the same time, improving the wettability of the powder, and suppressing the cracking, pores and other problems of the surfacing layer during the open arc surfacing process.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] One of the technical solutions of the present invention:

[0009] A solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-protection alloy powder comprises the following components by mass percentage: C11.0%-15.8%, B 1.0%-2.0%, Si 1.0%-2.0%, Mn 1.5%-2.8%, Al 2.0%-4.0%, Cr18.0%-24.0%, Ti 7.2%-8.5%, CaF 3%-4% and rare earth elements 0.08%-0.4%, and the balance is Fe.

[0010] Preferably, the following components are included in mass percentage: C 12.0% to 12.5%, B 1.2% to 1.5%, Si 1.2% to 1.4%, Mn 1.9% to 2.2%, Al 2.2% to 2.8%, Cr 19.0% to 19.5%, Ti 7.5% to 8.0%, CaF 3.8% to 4.0% and rare earth elements 0.1% to 0.15%, and the balance is Fe.

[0011] More preferably, the following components are included, by mass percentage: C 12.3%, B 1.4%, Si 1.3%, Mn 2.0%, Al 2.5%, Cr 19.0%, Ti 7.6%, CaF 3.9% and rare earth elements 0.12%, and the balance is Fe.

[0012] Preferably, the rare earth element is at least one of La, Ce and Y.

[0013] Preferably, the solid wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder has an average particle size of 60 to 90 μm, a spherical microstructure, uniform size, and good fluidity, thereby providing it with excellent surfacing performance.

[0014] The second technical solution of the present invention:

[0015] A method for preparing the solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder comprises the following steps:

[0016] Mn13# steel is mixed with MnO and Cr3C2 and heated at high temperature for desulfurization and dephosphorization, and a main raw material is obtained after cooling. B, Al, Ti, Si, CaF and rare earth elements are added to the main raw material according to mass percentage and mixed and smelted. The solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-protection alloy powder is obtained by atomization granulation and drying.

[0017] Preferably, the mixed smelting temperature is 3600-3900° C., and the temperature is kept for 10-11 hours.

[0018] Preferably, the medium of the atomization granulation is an inert gas at -20°C to -10°C, and the pressure of the atomization granulation is 3.8 to 4.2 MPa. More preferably, the medium of the atomization granulation is an inert gas at -15°C to -11°C, and the pressure of the atomization granulation is 4.0 MPa.

[0019] Preferably, the inert gas is composed of argon and nitrogen in a volume ratio of (9-10) : 0.6, and more preferably, the volume ratio of argon and nitrogen is 9.8:0.6.

[0020] Preferably, after the atomization granulation is completed, the mixture is cooled to room temperature under an inert atmosphere at normal temperature.

[0021] More specifically, the method for preparing the solid wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder comprises the following steps:

[0022] Step 1: Desulfurization and dephosphorization: Heat the Mn13# steel to a liquid state, add MnO and Cr3C2 to react and remove the phosphorus and sulfur impurity elements;

[0023] Step 2: Mixing ingredients: prepare desulfurized and dephosphorized Mn13# steel and B, Al, Ti, Si, and rare earth alloy powders according to the weight percentage of each component;

[0024] Step 3, smelting: smelting the raw materials prepared in step 2 at 3600-3900°C for 10 hours to obtain alloy melt;

[0025] Step 4, atomization: The alloy melt obtained in step 3 is further atomized and granulated, the atomizing medium is an inert gas at -20°C to -10°C (composed of argon and nitrogen in a volume ratio of (9-10):0.6), and the atomization pressure is 3.8-4.2MPa; after the atomization is completed, it is cooled to room temperature under an inert atmosphere at normal temperature, and then dried and sieved to obtain the solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder.

[0026] The third technical solution of the present invention:

[0027] The application of the solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder in Mn13# steel solid welding wire surfacing.

[0028] Preferably, during the surfacing process of Mn13# steel solid welding wire, the weight ratio of the solid welding wire used to the solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder is 1:(1.2-1.5).

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0030] (1) The solid welding wire open arc cladding self-shielding alloy powder obtained by the present invention is used in Mn13# steel, so that the main component of the cladding layer is less different from the component of the substrate, so that it has good low stress impact wear resistance, metallurgical bonding and physical and chemical properties, and reduces the dilution rate of the cladding layer during cladding.

[0031] (2) The present invention obtains a self-shielding alloy powder for solid wire open arc cladding by regulating C and Ti, and regulating a suitable equivalent value to increase the plasticity and toughness of the cladding layer, inhibit the cracking of the cladding layer and the crack propagation rate, and reduce the occurrence of post-weld problems such as pores and slag inclusions; at the same time, adding a trace amount of rare earth elements to the powder can play a role in refining the grains, purifying the melt, and strengthening the grain boundaries.

[0032] (3) The self-protecting alloy powder for open arc surfacing of the solid welding wire of the present invention will generate hard phases M7C3, TiC, TiN, and self-lubricating phases Al2O3 and SiC during the preparation process of the surfacing layer, thereby improving the wear resistance and self-lubricating performance of the surfacing layer.

[0033] (4) The size of the self-shielding alloy powder obtained by the solid welding wire open arc cladding of the present invention is about 60 to 90 μm, which greatly improves the density of the cladding layer and improves the quality of the cladding layer.

[0034] (5) In the method for preparing self-shielded alloy powder by open arc surfacing of solid welding wire proposed in the present invention, argon gas at -20°C to -10°C is used for the first time in the atomization step, and a small amount of nitrogen is introduced during atomization to further reduce the impurity content of the alloy powder. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 This is a microscopic morphology of the cored wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2This is a morphology diagram of the cross section of the surfacing layer obtained after surfacing with the self-shielding alloy powder by open arc surfacing of the core welding wire prepared in Example 1 of the present invention (the scale is 200 μm);

[0038] Figure 3 This is a morphology diagram of the cross section of the surfacing layer obtained after surfacing with the self-shielding alloy powder by open arc surfacing with the core welding wire prepared in Example 1 of the present invention (the scale is 50 μm);

[0039] Figure 4 This is a SEM image of the wear morphology of the surfacing layer after the friction and wear test of the surfacing layer of the core welding wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 This is the SEM image of the wear morphology of the matrix Mn13# steel after friction and wear test;

[0041] Figure 6 This is the cross-section plan view of the coating for wire gas shielded cladding;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the coating after open arc surfacing of the self-shielding alloy powder of the core welding wire prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0045] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0046] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0047] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0048] The embodiment of the present invention provides a solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder, which includes the following components by mass percentage: C 11.0%-15.8%, B 1.0%-2.0%, Si 1.0%-2.0%, Mn 1.5%-2.8%, Al 2.0%-4.0%, Cr 18.0%-24.0%, Ti 7.2%-8.5%, CaF 3%-4% and rare earth elements 0.08%-0.4%, and the balance is Fe.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solid wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder includes the following components by mass percentage: C 12.0% to 12.5%, B 1.2% to 1.5%, Si 1.2% to 1.4%, Mn 1.9% to 2.2%, Al 2.2% to 2.8%, Cr 19.0% to 19.5%, Ti 7.5% to 8.0%, CaF 3.8% to 4.0% and rare earth elements 0.1% to 0.15%, and the balance is Fe. More preferably, by mass percentage, it includes the following components: C 12.3%, B 1.4%, Si 1.3%, Mn 2.0%, Al 2.5%, Cr 19.0%, Ti 7.6%, CaF 3.9% and rare earth elements 0.12%, and the balance is Fe.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rare earth element is at least one of La, Ce, and Y, preferably Ce.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the average particle size of the solid wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder is 60-90 μm, the microscopic morphology is spherical, the size is uniform, and it has good fluidity, which greatly improves the density of the surfacing layer and improves the quality of the surfacing layer.

[0052] The solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-protecting alloy powder obtained in the embodiment of the present invention makes the main components of the surfacing layer have a small difference with the components of the Mn13# steel matrix, so that it has good low stress impact wear resistance, metallurgical bonding and physical and chemical properties, and reduces the dilution rate of the surfacing layer during surfacing. C and Ti are regulated to obtain appropriate equivalent values, so that the plasticity and toughness of the surfacing layer are increased, the cracking of the surfacing layer and the crack propagation rate are suppressed, and the occurrence of post-welding problems such as pores and slag inclusions is reduced; at the same time, adding a trace amount of rare earth elements to the powder can play a role in refining grains, purifying melts, and strengthening grain boundaries.

[0053] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for preparing the solid welding wire open arc cladding self-shielding alloy powder, comprising the following steps:

[0054] Mn13# steel is mixed with MnO and Cr3C2 and heated at high temperature for desulfurization and dephosphorization, and a main raw material is obtained after cooling. B, Al, Ti, Si, CaF and rare earth elements are added to the main raw material according to mass percentage and mixed and smelted. The solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-protection alloy powder is obtained by atomization granulation and drying.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Mn13# steel, also known as high manganese steel or wear-resistant steel, is a special steel with manganese as the main alloying element and has excellent wear resistance and impact resistance. Iron (Fe) in Mn13# steel is its matrix element. In addition, Mn13# steel mainly includes the following elements in percentage by mass: C 0.90%~1.50%, Mn10.0%~15.0%, Si 0.30%~0.80, P≤0.035%, S≤0.035%. More specifically, the Mn13# steel used in the embodiment of the present invention was purchased from Shandong Hongshen Metal Co., Ltd., and the specific element composition is: C 0.93%, Si 0.39%, Mn12.5%, S 0.008%, P 0.015%, and the balance is Fe.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the mixed smelting is 3600-3900° C., and the temperature is kept for 10-11 hours.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium for atomization granulation is an inert gas at -20°C to -10°C, and the pressure for atomization granulation is 3.8 to 4.2 MPa. More preferably, the medium for atomization granulation is an inert gas at -15°C to -11°C, and the pressure for atomization granulation is 4.0 MPa.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inert gas is composed of argon and nitrogen in a volume ratio of (9-10) : 0.6, and more preferably, the volume ratio of argon and nitrogen is 9.8: 0.6. Introducing a small amount of nitrogen during atomization can further reduce the impurity content of the alloy powder.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after the atomization granulation is completed, the mixture is cooled to room temperature under an inert atmosphere at normal temperature.

[0060] The embodiment of the present invention also proposes an application of a self-shielding alloy powder for solid welding wire open arc surfacing in Mn13# steel solid welding wire surfacing.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, during the Mn13# steel solid welding wire surfacing process, the weight ratio of the solid welding wire used to the solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder is 1: (1.2-1.5).

[0062] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solid welding wire is a welding wire with a grade of 1Cr17. The welding wire with a grade of 1Cr17 is a ferritic stainless steel material, and its main components include carbon (C), silicon (Si), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S) and chromium (Cr). The specific content is: C≤0.12%, Si≤1.00%, Mn≤1.00%, P≤0.040%, S≤0.030%, Cr16.00~18.00%, Ni≤0.60%. More specifically, the welding wire with a grade of 1Cr17 used in the embodiment of the present invention was purchased from Sichuan Atlantic Welding Materials Co., Ltd.

[0063] In the embodiments of the present invention, "normal temperature" and "room temperature" both refer to "25±2°C".

[0064] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] In this embodiment, the solid wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder includes the following components by mass percentage: C12.3%, B 1.4%, Si 1.3%, Mn 2.0%, Al 2.5%, Cr 19.0%, Ti 7.6%, CaF 3.9% and rare earth element (Ce) 0.12%, and the balance is Fe.

[0067] The method for preparing the self-shielding alloy powder for solid welding wire open arc cladding in this embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:

[0068] Step 1: Desulfurization and dephosphorization: Heat the Mn13# steel to 1600°C until it is in a liquid state, add 8% MnO and 10% Cr3C2 of the Mn13# steel mass to react and remove the impurity elements of phosphorus and sulfur;

[0069] Step 2: Ingredients: prepare desulfurized and dephosphorized Mn13# steel and B, Al, Ti, Si, CaF and rare earth alloy powders according to the weight percentage of the above components;

[0070] Step 3: Melting: Melt the raw materials prepared in step 2 at 3800°C for 10 hours to obtain alloy melt;

[0071] Step 4: atomization: the alloy melt obtained in step 3 is further atomized and granulated, the atomizing medium is an inert gas at -10°C (composed of argon and nitrogen in a volume ratio of 9.8:0.6), and the atomizing pressure is 4MPa; after the atomization is completed, it is cooled to room temperature under an inert atmosphere at normal temperature, dried and sieved to obtain a solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder with an average particle size of 60 to 80 μm.

[0072] The average particle size of the core wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder prepared in this embodiment is 60-80 μm. The powder has good fluidity during the surfacing process. The obtained powder is analyzed by SEM electron microscope, and the microscopic morphology is shown in FIG. Figure 1 , it can be seen that the powder has regular shape, uniform size, and has very good surfacing performance.

[0073] In order to verify the performance of the prepared core wire open arc surfacing self-protection alloy powder, solid wire surfacing was carried out with Mn13# steel as the matrix. The process steps are as follows:

[0074] (1) Surface pretreatment: First, grind and clean the surface of the base Mn13# steel to be clad to remove surface stains, then clean the surface with acetone and blow dry after cleaning to reduce the impact of external impurities on the cladding layer;

[0075] (2) Solid wire cladding: The cladding is performed using a welding machine and a robotic arm combination device. The prefabricated powder spreading method is adopted, and no protective atmosphere needs to be added. The solid wire is a 1Cr17 wire. The process parameters for cladding are welding current 260A, cladding speed 100mm / min, powder spreading mass 25g, dry extension 12mm, and welding gun swing frequency 0.3Hz.

[0076] The morphology of the cross section of the surfacing layer obtained by surfacing with the self-shielding alloy powder by open arc surfacing with the core welding wire prepared in this embodiment at different magnifications is shown in FIG. Figure 2 and Figure 3As can be seen from the figure, there are evenly distributed columnar crystals in the metallographic diagram, which are mainly austenite structures, and there are dispersed carbides as chromium carbide particles, which provide help for the cladding layer to form reliable wear resistance protection. And the cladding layer and the substrate material can achieve good metallurgical bonding. This is because in the preparation process of the cladding layer, the core wire open arc cladding self-protection alloy powder will generate hard phases M7C3, TiC, TiN, and self-lubricating phases Al2O3 and SiC, which improve the wear resistance and self-lubricating properties of the cladding layer.

[0077] The hardness of the surfacing layer was tested with reference to the method of GB / T 230.1-2009. The results showed that the hardness of the surfacing layer after surfacing in this embodiment was 50-55HRC, and the hardness of ordinary Mn13# steel (base Mn13# steel) was about 30-35HRC. The hardness directly affects the wear resistance. The higher the hardness, the better the wear resistance of the surfacing layer. The surfacing layer of the present invention has no obvious impurities and a tight internal structure, which greatly reduces the defects inside the wear-resistant layer and greatly ensures the wear resistance of the wear-resistant layer.

[0078] The surfacing layer after surfacing welding in this embodiment was subjected to friction and wear test with the base Mn13# steel (referring to ISO 7148-1:1988 standard), with the wear time of 1h, the loading force of 50N, and the wear frequency of 2hz. The grinding ball is a ceramic silicon carbide ball with a diameter of 5mm. The wear morphology SEM image of the surfacing layer after the friction and wear test of this embodiment is shown in Figure 4 The wear morphology SEM image of the matrix Mn13# steel after friction and wear test is shown in Figure 5 It can be seen that the base Mn13# steel peeled off and furrowed during the wear process, while the coating after surfacing in this embodiment only had slight furrows. Under the same wear conditions, the wear weight loss of the surfacing layer after surfacing in this embodiment was 8.5 mg, which was much less than the weight loss of 30 mg of the base Mn13# steel, indicating that the wear resistance of the surfacing layer prepared in the embodiment of the present invention is better than that of the base.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] In this embodiment, the solid wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder includes the following components by mass percentage: C12.3%, B 1.4%, Si 1.3%, Mn 2.0%, Al 2.5%, Cr 19.0%, Ti 7.6%, CaF 3.9% and rare earth element (Ce) 0.12%, and the balance is Fe.

[0081] The method for preparing the self-shielding alloy powder for solid welding wire open arc cladding in this embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:

[0082] Step 1: Desulfurization and dephosphorization: Heat the Mn13# steel to 1600°C until it is in a liquid state, add 8% MnO and 10% Cr3C2 of the Mn13# steel mass to react and remove the impurity elements of phosphorus and sulfur;

[0083] Step 2: Ingredients: prepare desulfurized and dephosphorized Mn13# steel and B, Al, Ti, Si, CaF and rare earth alloy powders according to the weight percentage of the above components;

[0084] Step 3: Melting: Melt the raw materials prepared in step 2 at 3800°C for 10 hours to obtain alloy melt;

[0085] Step 4: atomization: the alloy melt obtained in step 3 is further atomized and granulated, the atomizing medium is an inert gas at -15°C (composed of argon and nitrogen in a volume ratio of 9.8:0.6), and the atomizing pressure is 4.2MPa; after the atomization is completed, it is cooled to room temperature under an inert atmosphere at normal temperature, dried and sieved to obtain a solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder with an average particle size of 60 to 80 μm.

[0086] The self-shielding alloy powder for open arc surfacing of the cored wire prepared in this embodiment has an average particle size of 60 to 80 μm, and the powder has good fluidity during the surfacing process.

[0087] In order to verify the performance of the prepared cored wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder, solid cored wire surfacing was performed using Mn13# steel as a matrix, and the process steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0088] The results show that the hardness of the surfacing layer after surfacing in this embodiment is 52-58 HRC, and the weight loss of the surfacing layer is 7.8 mg.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] In this embodiment, the solid wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder includes the following components by mass percentage: C12.3%, B 1.4%, Si 1.3%, Mn 2.0%, Al 2.5%, Cr 23.0%, Ti 8.4%, CaF 3.9% and rare earth element (Ce) 0.12%, and the balance is Fe.

[0091] The method for preparing the self-shielding alloy powder for solid welding wire open arc cladding in this embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:

[0092] Step 1: Desulfurization and dephosphorization: Heat the Mn13# steel to 1600°C until it is in a liquid state, add 8% MnO and 10% Cr3C2 of the Mn13# steel mass to react and remove the impurity elements of phosphorus and sulfur;

[0093] Step 2: Ingredients: prepare desulfurized and dephosphorized Mn13# steel and B, Al, Ti, Si, CaF and rare earth alloy powders according to the weight percentage of the above components;

[0094] Step 3: Melting: Melt the raw materials prepared in step 2 at 3900°C for 11 hours to obtain alloy melt;

[0095] Step 4: atomization: the alloy melt obtained in step 3 is further atomized and granulated, the atomizing medium is an inert gas at -15°C (composed of argon and nitrogen in a volume ratio of 9.8:0.6), and the atomizing pressure is 4.1MPa; after the atomization is completed, it is cooled to room temperature under an inert atmosphere at normal temperature, dried and sieved to obtain a solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder with an average particle size of 60 to 85μm.

[0096] The self-shielding alloy powder for open arc surfacing of the cored wire prepared in this embodiment has an average particle size of 60 to 85 μm, and the powder has good fluidity during the surfacing process.

[0097] In order to verify the performance of the prepared cored wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder, solid cored wire surfacing was performed using Mn13# steel as a matrix, and the process steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0098] The results show that the hardness of the surfacing layer after surfacing in this embodiment is 54-59HRC, the weight loss of the surfacing layer is 7.2mg, and the wear resistance is higher than that of Example 1. This is mainly because the hard phase generated by the addition of Ti and Cr elements greatly improves the hardness and wear resistance of the surfacing layer.

[0099] Example 4

[0100] In this embodiment, the solid wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder includes the following components by mass percentage: C12.3%, B 1.4%, Si 1.3%, Mn 2.0%, Al 2.5%, Cr 19.0%, Ti 7.6%, CaF 3.9% and rare earth element (Ce) 0.12%, and the balance is Fe.

[0101] The method for preparing the self-shielding alloy powder for solid welding wire open arc cladding in this embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:

[0102] Step 1: Desulfurization and dephosphorization: Heat the Mn13# steel to 1600°C until it is in a liquid state, add 8% MnO and 10% Cr3C2 of the Mn13# steel mass to react and remove the impurity elements of phosphorus and sulfur;

[0103] Step 2: Ingredients: prepare desulfurized and dephosphorized Mn13# steel and B, Al, Ti, Si, CaF and rare earth alloy powders according to the weight percentage of the above components;

[0104] Step 3: Melting: Melt the raw materials prepared in step 2 at 3900°C for 10 hours to obtain alloy melt;

[0105] Step 4: atomization: the alloy melt obtained in step 3 is further atomized and granulated, the atomizing medium is an inert gas at -15°C (composed of argon and nitrogen in a volume ratio of 9.8:0.6), and the atomizing pressure is 4MPa; after the atomization is completed, it is cooled to room temperature under an inert atmosphere at normal temperature, dried and sieved to obtain a solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder with an average particle size of 60 to 90μm.

[0106] The core wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder prepared in this embodiment has an average particle size of 60 to 90 μm, and the powder has good fluidity during the surfacing process.

[0107] In order to verify the performance of the prepared cored wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder, solid cored wire surfacing was performed using Mn13# steel as a matrix, and the process steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0108] The results show that the hardness of the surfacing layer after surfacing in this embodiment is 57-61HRC, and the weight loss of the surfacing layer is 6.6mg.

[0109] Example 5

[0110] The solid wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder in this embodiment includes the following components by mass percentage: C12.5%, B 1.2%, Si 1.4%, Mn 1.9%, Al 2.8%, Cr 19.0%, Ti 7.5%, CaF 4.0% and rare earth element (La) 0.15%, and the balance is Fe.

[0111] The method for preparing the self-shielding alloy powder for solid welding wire open arc cladding in this embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:

[0112] Step 1: Desulfurization and dephosphorization: Heat the Mn13# steel to 1600°C until it is in a liquid state, add 8% MnO and 10% Cr3C2 of the Mn13# steel mass to react and remove the impurity elements of phosphorus and sulfur;

[0113] Step 2: Ingredients: prepare desulfurized and dephosphorized Mn13# steel and B, Al, Ti, Si, CaF and rare earth alloy powders according to the weight percentage of the above components;

[0114] Step 3: Melting: Melt the raw materials prepared in step 2 at 3900°C for 10 hours to obtain alloy melt;

[0115] Step 4: atomization: the alloy melt obtained in step 3 is further atomized and granulated, the atomizing medium is an inert gas at -10°C (composed of argon and nitrogen in a volume ratio of (18:1.2), and the atomizing pressure is 4.2MPa; after the atomization is completed, it is cooled to room temperature under an inert atmosphere at room temperature, dried and sieved to obtain a solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder with an average particle size of 60 to 75 μm.

[0116] The self-shielding alloy powder for open arc surfacing of the cored wire prepared in this embodiment has an average particle size of 60 to 75 μm, and the powder has good fluidity during the surfacing process.

[0117] In order to verify the performance of the prepared cored wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder, solid cored wire surfacing was performed using Mn13# steel as a matrix, and the process steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0118] The results show that the hardness of the surfacing layer after surfacing in this embodiment is 58-61HRC, and the weight loss of the surfacing layer is 6.5mg.

[0119] Example 6

[0120] In this embodiment, the solid wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder includes the following components by mass percentage: C12.0%, B 1.5%, Si 1.2%, Mn 2.2%, Al 2.2%, Cr 19.5%, Ti 8.0%, CaF 3.8% and rare earth element (Y) 0.1%, and the balance is Fe.

[0121] The method for preparing the self-shielding alloy powder for solid welding wire open arc cladding in this embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:

[0122] Step 1: Desulfurization and dephosphorization: Heat the Mn13# steel to 1600°C until it is in a liquid state, add 8% MnO and 10% Cr3C2 of the Mn13# steel mass to react and remove the impurity elements of phosphorus and sulfur;

[0123] Step 2: Ingredients: prepare desulfurized and dephosphorized Mn13# steel and B, Al, Ti, Si, CaF and rare earth alloy powders according to the weight percentage of the above components;

[0124] Step 3: Melting: Melt the raw materials prepared in step 2 at 3600°C for 10 hours to obtain alloy melt;

[0125] Step 4: atomization: the alloy melt obtained in step 3 is further atomized and granulated, the atomizing medium is an inert gas at -20°C (composed of argon and nitrogen in a volume ratio of 20:1.2), and the atomizing pressure is 3.8MPa; after the atomization is completed, it is cooled to room temperature under an inert atmosphere at normal temperature, dried and sieved to obtain a solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder with an average particle size of 60 to 72μm.

[0126] The self-shielding alloy powder for open arc surfacing of the cored wire prepared in this embodiment has an average particle size of 60-72 μm, and the powder has good fluidity during the surfacing process.

[0127] In order to verify the performance of the prepared cored wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder, solid cored wire surfacing was performed using Mn13# steel as a matrix, and the process steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0128] The results show that the hardness of the surfacing layer after surfacing in this embodiment is 58-60HRC, and the weight loss of the surfacing layer is 6.6mg.

[0129] Example 7

[0130] In this embodiment, the solid wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder includes the following components by mass percentage: C15.8%, B 2.0%, Si 1.0%, Mn 1.5%, Al 4.0%, Cr 24.0%, Ti 7.2%, CaF 4% and rare earth element (Ce) 0.4%, and the balance is Fe.

[0131] The method for preparing the self-shielding alloy powder for solid welding wire open arc cladding in this embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:

[0132] Step 1: Desulfurization and dephosphorization: Heat the Mn13# steel to 1600°C until it is in a liquid state, add 8% MnO and 10% Cr3C2 of the Mn13# steel mass to react and remove the impurity elements of phosphorus and sulfur;

[0133] Step 2: Ingredients: prepare desulfurized and dephosphorized Mn13# steel and B, Al, Ti, Si, CaF and rare earth alloy powders according to the weight percentage of the above components;

[0134] Step 3: Melting: Melt the raw materials prepared in step 2 at 3600°C for 10 hours to obtain alloy melt;

[0135] Step 4: atomization: the alloy melt obtained in step 3 is further atomized and granulated, the atomizing medium is an inert gas at -20°C (composed of argon and nitrogen in a volume ratio of 9.8:0.6), and the atomizing pressure is 3.8MPa; after the atomization is completed, it is cooled to room temperature under an inert atmosphere at normal temperature, dried and sieved to obtain a solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder with an average particle size of 60 to 68 μm.

[0136] The self-shielding alloy powder for open arc surfacing of the cored wire prepared in this embodiment has an average particle size of 60-68 μm, and the powder has good fluidity during the surfacing process.

[0137] In order to verify the performance of the prepared cored wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder, solid cored wire surfacing was performed using Mn13# steel as a matrix, and the process steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0138] The results show that the hardness of the surfacing layer after surfacing in this embodiment is 58-59 HRC, and the weight loss of the surfacing layer is 6.5 mg.

[0139] Example 8

[0140] In this embodiment, the solid wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder includes the following components by mass percentage: C11.0%, B 1.0%, Si 2.0%, Mn 2.8%, Al 2.0%, Cr 18.0%, Ti 8.5%, CaF 3% and rare earth element (La) 0.08%, and the balance is Fe.

[0141] The method for preparing the self-shielding alloy powder for solid welding wire open arc cladding in this embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:

[0142] Step 1: Desulfurization and dephosphorization: Heat the Mn13# steel to 1600°C until it is in a liquid state, add 8% MnO and 10% Cr3C2 of the Mn13# steel mass to react and remove the impurity elements of phosphorus and sulfur;

[0143] Step 2: Ingredients: prepare desulfurized and dephosphorized Mn13# steel and B, Al, Ti, Si, CaF and rare earth alloy powders according to the weight percentage of the above components;

[0144] Step 3: Melting: Melt the raw materials prepared in step 2 at 3900°C for 11 hours to obtain alloy melt;

[0145] Step 4: atomization: the alloy melt obtained in step 3 is further atomized and granulated, the atomizing medium is an inert gas at -10°C (composed of argon and nitrogen in a volume ratio of 20:1.2), and the atomizing pressure is 4.0MPa; after the atomization is completed, it is cooled to room temperature under an inert atmosphere at normal temperature, dried and sieved to obtain a solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder with an average particle size of 60 to 65μm.

[0146] The core wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder prepared in this embodiment has an average particle size of 60-65 μm, and the powder has good fluidity during the surfacing process.

[0147] In order to verify the performance of the prepared cored wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder, solid cored wire surfacing was performed using Mn13# steel as a matrix, and the process steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0148] The results show that the hardness of the surfacing layer after surfacing in this embodiment is 58HRC, and the weight loss of the surfacing layer is 6.4mg.

[0149] Comparative Example 1

[0150] The same as Example 1, except that the solid wire open arc cladding self-shielding alloy powder in this comparative example includes the following components by mass percentage: C 17.9%, B 1.4%, Si 1.3%, Mn 2.0%, Al 2.5%, Cr 19.0%, Ti5.4%, CaF 3.9% and rare earth elements 0.12%, and the balance is Fe.

[0151] The average particle size of the core wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder prepared in this comparative example is 60-70 μm.

[0152] In order to verify the performance of the prepared cored wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder, solid cored wire surfacing was performed using Mn13# steel as a matrix, and the process steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0153] The results show that the hardness of the surfacing layer after surfacing in this comparative example is 54HRC, and the weight loss of the surfacing layer is 7.7mg. The reason is that due to the change in the usage ratio of C and Ti elements, the increase in C elements leads to an increase in gasification and burnout, which reduces the amount of C elements that can migrate to Ti elements for combination, and due to the reduction of Ti elements, the TiC wear-resistant carbides generated by the two are reduced, which leads to a decrease in the hardness of the coating and an increase in wear.

[0154] Comparative Example 2

[0155] The same as Example 1, except that the solid wire open arc cladding self-shielding alloy powder in this comparative example includes the following components by mass percentage: C 28%, B 3.6%, Si 1.3%, Mn 4.7%, Al 4.0%, Cr 0.7%, Ti2.8%, CaF 0.75% and rare earth elements 0.05%, and the balance is Fe.

[0156] The average particle size of the core wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder prepared in this comparative example is 60-70 μm.

[0157] In order to verify the performance of the prepared cored wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder, solid cored wire surfacing was performed using Mn13# steel as a matrix, and the process steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0158] The results show that the hardness of the surfacing layer after surfacing in this comparative example is 50HRC, and the weight loss of the surfacing layer is 9mg. The reason is that changing the amount of each element beyond the protection scope of the claim will cause problems in the formation of the coating, among which the C element is a gas-forming component, and Al.Mn, Si and other elements are slag-forming components. Since changing the amount of each element beyond the protection scope of the patent requirements, it will cause sand holes, slag inclusions, pores and other problems, resulting in a significant decrease in the hardness of the coating and an increase in wear.

[0159] Comparative Example 3

[0160] The same as Example 1, the only difference is that the average particle size of the core wire open arc cladding self-shielding alloy powder in this comparative example is 100-120μm, that is, the solid core wire open arc cladding self-shielding alloy powder with an average particle size of 90-100μm is obtained by sieving.

[0161] The average particle size of the core wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder prepared in this comparative example is 90-100 μm.

[0162] In order to verify the performance of the prepared cored wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder, solid cored wire surfacing was performed using Mn13# steel as a matrix, and the process steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0163] The results show that the hardness of the surfacing layer after surfacing welding in this comparative example is 48HRC, and the weight loss of the surfacing layer is 10.5mg. The reason is that too fine powder particle size will cause a large amount of powder splashing due to the blowing force of the arc during surfacing welding, resulting in a decrease in the amount of element components in the powder entering the surfacing layer, thereby reducing the hardness of the surfacing layer and increasing the weight loss of the surfacing layer.

[0164] Comparative Example 4

[0165] The same as Example 1, except that in step 4, the atomizing medium is argon gas at -10°C and the atomizing pressure is 4 MPa.

[0166] The average particle size of the cored wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder prepared in this comparative example is 20 to 30 μm.

[0167] In order to verify the performance of the prepared cored wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder, solid cored wire surfacing was performed using Mn13# steel as a matrix, and the process steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0168] The results show that the hardness of the surfacing layer after surfacing in this comparative example is 44HRC, and the weight loss of the surfacing layer is 13mg. The reason is that the lack of nitrogen gas introduction leads to excessively large and uneven particles. After sieving, only 20-30μm alloy powder particle size can be obtained. The overly coarse powder particles lead to the inability to completely melt the powder particles during the welding wire surfacing process, resulting in few elements in the powder being able to transition to the coating, resulting in a decrease in hardness and an increase in wear.

[0169] Comparative Example 5

[0170] The same as Example 1, except that in step 4, the atomizing medium is an inert gas at -10°C (composed of argon and nitrogen in a volume ratio of 12:1.2), and the atomizing pressure is 6 MPa.

[0171] The average particle size of the core wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder prepared in this comparative example is 60-70 μm.

[0172] In order to verify the performance of the prepared cored wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder, solid cored wire surfacing was performed using Mn13# steel as a matrix, and the process steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0173] The results show that the hardness of the surfacing layer after surfacing in this comparative example is 40HRC, and the weight loss of the surfacing layer is 17.2mg. The reason is that argon can react with oxygen and other gases on the surface of the metal powder to form a protective layer to prevent the metal powder from reacting with oxygen in the air, thereby ensuring the purity and quality of the metal powder. Changing the proportion of argon will cause the metal powder to be not fully protected and oxidized, which will affect the formation of the coating during the wire surfacing powder process, resulting in a large number of pores, reducing the hardness of the coating, and increasing the wear.

[0174] The cross-sectional plan view of the coating of the welding wire gas shielded cladding in Example 1 is shown in Figure 6 The cross-sectional plan view of the coating after open arc surfacing welding of the self-shielding alloy powder prepared in Example 1 is shown in FIG. Figure 7 In the cross-sectional area of ​​the cladding, the percentage of the metal area melted into the base material to the cross-sectional area of ​​the cladding coating is the dilution rate. Figure 6 , Figure 7It can be seen that the area of ​​the cladding coating integrated into the base material in the cross-sectional cut diagram of the coating of the gas-shielded cladding with welding wire is larger, while the area of ​​the cladding coating integrated into the base material in the cross-sectional cut diagram of the coating after the self-shielded alloy powder cladding with the solid welding wire open arc cladding is smaller. In comparison between the two, the addition of powder visible to the naked eye can effectively disperse the heat of the welding wire and reduce the dilution rate.

[0175] The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A self-shielding alloy powder for solid wire open arc surfacing, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, it includes the following components: C 11.0%-15.8%, B 1.0%-2.0%, Si 1.0%-2.0%, Mn 1.5%-2.8%, Al 2.0%-4.0%, Cr18.0%-24.0%, Ti 7.2%-8.5%, CaF 3%-4% and rare earth elements 0.08%-0.4%, and the balance is Fe.

2. The self-shielding alloy powder for solid welding wire open arc surfacing according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, it includes the following components: C 12.0% to 12.5%, B 1.2% to 1.5%, Si 1.2% to 1.4%, Mn 1.9% to 2.2%, Al 2.2% to 2.8%, Cr 19.0% to 19.5%, Ti 7.5% to 8.0%, CaF 3.8% to 4.0% and rare earth elements 0.1% to 0.15%, and the balance is Fe.

3. The self-shielding alloy powder for solid welding wire open arc surfacing according to claim 2, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, it includes the following components: C 12.3%, B 1.4%, Si 1.3%, Mn 2.0%, Al 2.5%, Cr 19.0%, Ti7.6%, CaF 3.9% and rare earth elements 0.12%, and the balance is Fe.

4. The self-shielding alloy powder for solid welding wire open arc surfacing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rare earth element is at least one of La, Ce and Y.

5. The self-shielding alloy powder for solid welding wire open arc surfacing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The average particle size of the solid wire open arc surfacing self-shielding alloy powder is 60 to 90 μm.

6. A method for preparing the self-shielding alloy powder for solid wire open arc surfacing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Mn13# steel is mixed with MnO and Cr3C2 and heated at high temperature for desulfurization and dephosphorization, and a main raw material is obtained after cooling. B, Al, Ti, Si, CaF and rare earth elements are added to the main raw material according to mass percentage and mixed and smelted. The solid welding wire open arc surfacing self-protection alloy powder is obtained by atomization granulation and drying.

7. The method for preparing self-shielding alloy powder for solid welding wire open arc surfacing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mixed smelting temperature is 3600-3900° C., and the heat preservation time is 10-11 hours.

8. The method for preparing self-shielding alloy powder for solid welding wire open arc surfacing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The medium of the atomization granulation is an inert gas at -20°C to -10°C, and the pressure of the atomization granulation is 3.8 to 4.2 MPa.

9. The method for preparing self-shielding alloy powder for solid welding wire open arc surfacing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inert gas is composed of argon and nitrogen in a volume ratio of (9-10) : 0.

6.

10. Use of the self-shielding alloy powder for open arc surfacing of solid welding wire as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 in surfacing of Mn13# steel solid welding wire.

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