Functional biological organic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a functional biological organic compound fertilizer which is prepared by adding microbial strains into raw materials and fermenting, the raw materials comprise sugar refinery filter mud, bagasse and coffee grounds, and the microbial strain is bacillus with a nitrogen fixation effect. The raw materials used in the invention are wastes which are easy to obtain and low in price, and the wastes are turned into wealth by composting the raw materials, so that the green, sustainable and healthy development of the sugar industry is promoted, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved; according to the invention, the bacillus and each strain in the pile body cooperate with each other, so that the organic matter content and the organic acid conversion rate of the organic fertilizer have obvious advantages, the utilization rates of N, P and K are greatly improved, the crop yield is obviously increased, and the problem of low fertility of the organic fertilizer produced by fermentation is solved. By applying the method, the harm generated by the acid soil is solved, the soil fertility is increased, the biotoxicity of heavy metals and other toxic and harmful substances in the soil is reduced, the area of the cultivable soil is enlarged, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be effectively increased, and the application amount of agricultural and forestry chemical fertilizers is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural organic compound fertilizers, and in particular relates to a functional biological organic compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The total national sugarcane production produces about 2.352 million tons of sugar filter mud each year. Although these filter muds are rich in organic matter and nutrients suitable for soil and crop absorption, due to underutilization, the large amount of filter mud produced by sugar mills each year is usually randomly piled outdoors, resulting in land occupation problems and mold and odor of the filter mud. On January 4, 2022, the "Research Report on the 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of the Guangxi Sugar Industry" pointed out that while continuing to focus on the high-value utilization of by-products such as bagasse, sugarcane leaves, and molasses, and the harmless utilization of filter mud resources, it is necessary to focus on the development of high-value products. At present, the main methods of disposing of sugar mill filter mud include landfill, incineration, and composting. In addition to occupying land for stacking, the landfill method also brings certain environmental problems because it contains a variety of organic matter and sugar substances, which are very easy to mold, stink, and breed flies; although the incineration method has achieved the reduction of filter mud, its combustion products may cause secondary air pollution; according to the latest revised agricultural industry standard "Organic Fertilizer" (NY / T 525-2021), sewage sludge is prohibited from being used as a raw material for agricultural organic fertilizer, and the composting method for treating filter mud is even more difficult to promote. Therefore, the rational use of filter mud resources is imminent and is the key to building a perfect process flow for the sugar industry.

[0003] Sugar mills usually dispose of filter mud by spreading it directly on sugarcane fields or composting it to prepare bio-organic compound fertilizers. The filter mud is mainly used as the main material, with a small amount of inorganic nutrients added. There is a lack of products containing functional bacteria, and the added value is not high. Due to the long-term and large-scale application of chemical fertilizers, the phosphorus and potassium nutrients that are not absorbed and utilized by crops are converted into ineffective states, resulting in excessive accumulation of phosphorus and potassium in cultivated soils and low fertilizer utilization rates. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a functional biological organic compound fertilizer with low cost, easy production and good fertility and a preparation method thereof, so as to improve the level and efficiency of reasonable utilization of filter mud resources in sugar factories.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] Functional biological organic compound fertilizer is made by adding microbial strains to raw materials and fermenting them; the raw materials include sugar factory filter mud, sugarcane bagasse, and coffee grounds, and the microbial strain is Bacillus with nitrogen-fixing function.

[0008] The weight percentage of the raw materials is 50-90% of sugar mill filter mud, 5-20% of sugarcane bagasse, and 5-20% of coffee grounds; the added amount of Bacillus is 0.01-0.5% of the weight of the raw materials.

[0009] The weight percentage of the raw materials is 80% of sugar factory filter mud, 10% of sugarcane bagasse, and 10% of coffee grounds; the added amount of Bacillus is 0.1% of the weight of the raw materials.

[0010] The method for preparing the functional biological organic compound fertilizer comprises adding Bacillus with nitrogen-fixing function to sugar factory filter mud, bagasse and coffee grounds for composting and fermentation.

[0011] The preparation method of the functional biological organic compound fertilizer is carried out as follows:

[0012] (1) A plastic barrel is used as a fermentation device. The surface of the compost is wrapped with an insulating film to prevent temperature loss, and holes are punched in the bottom to allow oxygen to flow in.

[0013] (2) mixing sugar mill filter mud, bagasse and coffee grounds and adding them into a fermentation device for composting and fermentation;

[0014] (3) After the compost fermentation has passed the high temperature period, add Bacillus and continue fermentation.

[0015] The plastic barrel in step (1) is a 25L cylindrical plastic barrel, and the weight of each barrel of compost is 25kg; the fermentation is carried out indoors, and the moisture is controlled at 60%.

[0016] The sucrose filter mud in step (2) is firstly mechanically crushed into homogenized particles, and its initial water content is 60%; and the compost density is adjusted to 0.5 kg / L by adding plastic beads to the compost.

[0017] The Bacillus in step (3) is first activated; and the fermentation is continued for 45 days.

[0018] In view of the current problem of sugar factory filter mud treatment, the inventor has developed a functional biological organic compound fertilizer, which is made by adding microbial strains to raw materials for fermentation; the raw materials include sugar factory filter mud, bagasse, coffee grounds, and the microbial strain is Bacillus with nitrogen fixation. Accordingly, the inventor has also established a corresponding preparation method, adding Bacillus with nitrogen fixation to sugar factory filter mud, bagasse, and coffee grounds for composting and fermentation. The raw materials used in the present invention are all easily available and inexpensive wastes, which are composted to turn waste into treasure, promote the green, sustainable and healthy development of the sugar industry, and improve energy utilization efficiency; compared with other ordinary biological bacteria organic fertilizers, the present invention has a stable fermentation effect and can quickly complete a decomposition process. During the fermentation and decomposition process, the Bacillus and the various strains in the heap body cooperate with each other to make the organic matter content and organic acid conversion rate of the organic fertilizer have obvious advantages, the utilization rate of N, P, and K is greatly improved, and the crop yield is significantly increased, which solves the problem of low fertility of organic fertilizers in the process of fermentation and production of organic fertilizers. The application of the compound fertilizer of the present invention not only solves the harm caused by acidic soil in agricultural production, increases soil fertility, reduces the biological toxicity of heavy metals and other toxic and harmful substances in the soil, expands the arable soil area, but also effectively improves the utilization rate of fertilizers and reduces the application amount of chemical fertilizers in agriculture and forestry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] 1. Formula Principle

[0020] The functional biological organic compound fertilizer of the present invention is prepared by adding microorganisms to raw materials for fermentation; the raw materials include sugar factory filter mud, bagasse, and coffee grounds, and the microorganisms are Bacillus with nitrogen fixation function. The weight percentage of the raw materials is 50-90% of sugar factory filter mud, 5-20% of bagasse, and 5-20% of coffee grounds; the addition amount of Bacillus is 0.01-0.5% of the weight of the raw materials.

[0021] Sugar mill filter mud: Sugar mill filter mud is the product formed after the sediment separated from the sugarcane juice in the sugar production process is filtered and dehydrated. The filter mud is rich in various nutrients and has high utilization value, including organic substances such as protein, sucrose, crude fiber and crude fat, as well as rich inorganic trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. It plays an important role in the production of animal feed, organic compound fertilizer, advanced fatty alcohol, desulfurizer and papermaking filler.

[0022] Bagasse; Bagasse is a byproduct of sugarcane processing. After refining, the quality of sugar can be improved, but the remaining fibrous bagasse is often used by sugar mills as fuel for steam engines. However, in some sugar-producing areas, bagasse is regarded as a solid waste that causes environmental problems. Bagasse can be used to produce edible fungi. Due to its acidic properties, limestone gypsum can be added in appropriate amounts to increase alkalinity, and high-nitrogen auxiliary materials such as bran can be added.

[0023] Coffee grounds: Coffee grounds refer to the residue left after grinding and brewing coffee beans. They are rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium required for plant growth, and also contain small amounts of trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc. However, they should not be added directly to the soil, so they should be used in combination with other organic matter such as leaves and hay.

[0024] Bacillus (additive); Bacillus belongs to the phylum Firmicutes, class Bacillus, order Bacilales, family Bacteriaceae. The nitrogen-fixing Bacillus used in the present invention comes from Beina Biological (No.: BNCC364988), which can degrade cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in various wastes into inorganic substances that can be absorbed by crops, accelerate the fermentation process to form high-quality humus, and significantly increase the temperature of compost during the fermentation process, thereby eliminating the harm of pathogenic bacteria to a greater extent, realizing the conversion of nitrogen and carbon in the process of humus formation, and achieving the purpose of nitrogen and carbon conservation, making an important contribution to the formation of high-fertility humus.

[0025] Sugar mill filter mud is the most important source of organic matter and water in the composting process, and sufficient filter mud can make the compost fermentation process better and accelerate the decomposition process, so sugar mill filter mud accounts for about 50-90%. Bagasse and coffee grounds are rich in nitrogen, potassium and other medium and trace elements required by crops, and are soil conditioners, but they will acidify the soil, so the proportion of bagasse and coffee grounds is relatively small, accounting for about 5-20% each.

[0026] 2. Implementation and Application

[0027] Example 1

[0028] Formula: 80% sugar factory filter mud, 10% bagasse, 10% coffee grounds; 0.1% Bacillus agent.

[0029] Preparation method:

[0030] (1) Composting is done in 25-liter cylindrical plastic barrels, and the weight of the compost in the barrel is about 25 kg. To prevent temperature loss, the surface of each barrel is wrapped with an insulating film, and holes are set at the bottom to keep oxygen flowing in.

[0031] (2) Add the sucrose filter mud to a mechanical machine and crush it into uniform particles. At the same time, measure the moisture content. First, make the crushed filter mud particles uniform and take a 20g sample. Then put it in an oven set to 103℃-105℃ and dry it for two hours. Take out the sample and weigh it. The moisture content is obtained by using the weight difference. The initial moisture content of the raw material is adjusted to 60%. In order to adjust the porosity, purchased plastic beads are used. One kilogram of plastic beads is added to the compost to make its bulk density reach about 0.5kg / L.

[0032] (3) The composite strains are cryopreserved at -20°C. Then prepare for activation. Prepare a 70-75% alcohol bath at 36°C (if a water bath is used instead, ensure that the microbial contamination in the water is controlled). Place a small test tube rack or a storage tube rack in the bath in advance, and the liquid level should be lower than the tube plug or tube cap. Take the cryopreservation tube out of the cryopreservation condition and place it on the tube rack in the 36°C bath. Shake the cryopreservation tube gently continuously, and the liquid level should not be as high as the tube plug until the ice is completely dissolved (it takes about 2 minutes). Use a sterile micropipette to draw 1-2 drops of bacterial liquid from the dissolved cryopreservation tube and drop it near the edge of the designated solid culture medium (tryptone: 15.0, soytone: 5.0, sodium chloride: 5.0, agar: 15.0, pH: 7.3±0.2 (25°C)), and inoculate the culture medium by streaking. Alternatively, you can use a sterilized metal ring to dip the bacterial solution and then inoculate it into the culture medium by streaking or spreading. After the bacterial solution is completely absorbed, place the inoculated culture medium upside down in an incubator at a specified temperature for cultivation.

[0033] (4) Add 80% of crushed sucrose sludge, 10% of sugarcane bagasse and 10% of coffee grounds (by weight) into the composting device in step (1). Add the activated bacteria in step (2) after the high temperature period of composting. In the greenhouse, the compost continues to ferment for about 45 days. Stir thoroughly on the 0th, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, 30th, 35th, 40th and 45th days after the start of composting to ensure its uniform distribution. At the same time, take an appropriate amount of sample each time and store it in a refrigerator for subsequent analysis.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] Formula: 70% sugar factory filter mud, 15% sugarcane bagasse, 15% coffee grounds; 0.1% Bacillus agent.

[0036] Preparation method: Same as Example 1.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] Formula: 100% sugar factory filter mud; 0.1% Bacillus agent.

[0039] Preparation method: Same as Example 1.

[0040] In the process of preparing compound fertilizers of Examples 1-3, the contents of basic elements in the obtained biological organic compound fertilizers were measured. The specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0041] Table 1 Contents of basic elements in piles from 0 to 45 days

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] It can be seen from the above data that the sulfur content was low at the beginning of the experiment, and gradually increased as the composting progressed. Finally, the sulfur content of the experimental group exceeded that of the control group, because during the composting process, with the addition of the bacterial agent, the ability of microorganisms in the humus to degrade organic matter was enhanced, hydrogen sulfide gas emissions were reduced, and sulfur was fixed in the compost in the form of sulfate. In addition, the N content in Example 1 was generally higher than that in the other two groups, which indirectly indicated that the fertilizer effect was better.

[0045] Application Examples

[0046] A potted plant experiment was conducted in an open space at Guangxi University, and the organic compound fertilizer obtained in Examples 1-3 was applied to test the leaf length, leaf width and yield of Chinese cabbage.

[0047] The pot experiment was performed as follows: the pot experiment containers were all medium-sized Holland pots, 35 cm long, 19 cm wide, 14.5 cm high, and 6 L soil capacity. The soil used was all ordinary planting soil, and the Chinese cabbage seeds were evenly sprinkled after adding, and watered twice a day. After the Chinese cabbage sprouted for a week, the fertilizers obtained in Examples 1-3 were used respectively, once a week. The fertilization method was to take 5 g of fertilizer, add 500 g of water, dissolve it, and pour it into the pot.

[0048] The specific results of the potted plant experiment are shown in Table 2.

[0049] Table 2 Results of planting Chinese cabbage

[0050]

[0051] It can be seen from the above data that the compound fertilizer obtained by applying the present invention can better promote crop growth and increase yield.

Claims

1. A functional biological organic compound fertilizer, characterized in that The product is prepared by adding microbial strains to raw materials and fermenting them; the raw materials include sugar factory filter mud, sugarcane bagasse, and coffee grounds, and the microbial strain is Bacillus with nitrogen-fixing function.

2. The functional bio-organic compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight percentage of the raw materials is 50-90% of sugar factory filter mud, 5-20% of sugarcane bagasse, and 5-20% of coffee grounds; the added amount of the Bacillus is 0.01-0.5% of the weight of the raw materials.

3. The functional bio-organic compound fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The weight percentage of the raw materials is 80% of sugar factory filter mud, 10% of sugarcane bagasse, and 10% of coffee grounds; the added amount of the Bacillus is 0.1% of the weight of the raw materials.

4. The method for preparing the functional bio-organic compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Bacillus with nitrogen-fixing properties is added to sugar mill sludge, bagasse, and coffee grounds for composting and fermentation.

5. The method for preparing the functional bio-organic compound fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that Proceed as follows: (1) A plastic barrel is used as a fermentation device. The surface of the compost is wrapped with an insulating film to prevent temperature loss, and holes are punched in the bottom to allow oxygen to flow in. (2) mixing sugar mill filter mud, bagasse and coffee grounds and adding them into a fermentation device for composting and fermentation; (3) After the compost fermentation has passed the high temperature period, add Bacillus and continue fermentation.

6. The method for preparing the functional bio-organic compound fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that The plastic barrel in step (1) is a 25L cylindrical plastic barrel, and the weight of compost in each barrel is 25kg; the fermentation is carried out indoors, and the moisture is controlled at 60%.

7. The method for preparing the functional bio-organic compound fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that The sucrose filter mud in step (2) is firstly mechanically crushed into homogenized particles, and its initial water content is 60%; and the compost density is adjusted to 0.5 kg / L by adding plastic beads to the compost.

8. The method for preparing the functional bio-organic compound fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The Bacillus in step (3) is first activated; and the fermentation is continued for 45 days.

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