Tomato carbon-based bio-fertilizer and application thereof in improvement of tomato quality

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tomato planting, in particular to a tomato carbon-based bio-fertilizer and application thereof in improvement of tomato quality. The invention provides a tomato carbon-based biological fertilizer. The tomato carbon-based biological fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 80-100 parts of a fermented organic fertilizer, 10-20 parts of a biological carbon soil conditioner, 3-5 parts of sorghum cake powder and 3-5 parts of corncob powder. From two aspects of providing nutrient substances and improving soil, the tomato carbon-based bio-fertilizer can provide sufficient and rich nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, organic acid and the like for tomatoes, also has an effect of improving soil, and can provide a suitable growth environment for the tomatoes, so that the tomato carbon-based bio-fertilizer has a good application prospect. The tomato carbon-based bio-fertilizer provided by the invention can significantly improve the yield and quality of tomatoes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tomato planting, and in particular to a tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer and application thereof in improving tomato quality. Background Art

[0002] To a certain extent, the content of flavor chemicals determines consumers' preference for tomatoes. Soluble solids content (SSC) is a comprehensive indicator that characterizes soluble sugars and organic acids. It is also an important indicator reflecting the quality of tomatoes. The higher the soluble solids content in tomatoes, the more nutritious and better quality the tomatoes are. Studies have shown that the content of soluble solids in tomatoes has a high correlation with two factors: one is the weight of a single fruit of tomato fruit. The larger the weight of a single fruit, the lower the soluble solids content in the fruit, and the lower its quality; the second is closely related to the fertilizer and water management during tomato cultivation. Different fertilizer and water management methods have a greater impact on the content of soluble solids in tomato fruits. In addition, the quality and yield of tomatoes are also a contradiction. For example, the existing technology usually achieves the cultivation of high-quality tomatoes by controlling soil water. Although this can obtain high-quality tomatoes, it will significantly affect the yield of tomatoes, and the yield of tomatoes has been reduced by more than 30%.

[0003] Therefore, how to provide an organic fertilizer that can simultaneously improve the quality and yield of tomatoes to solve the technical problem that the prior art cannot simultaneously improve the quality and yield of tomatoes is an issue that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tomato charcoal-based biological fertilizer and application thereof in improving tomato quality.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer, which is prepared by the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 10-20 parts of biochar soil conditioner, 3-5 parts of sorghum cake powder and 3-5 parts of corn cob powder;

[0007] Preferably, the fermented organic fertilizer comprises: livestock manure, biogas residue, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, citric acid residue, amino acid residue and fermentation bacteria; the fermentation bacteria comprises: Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus proteolyticus, Bacillus faecalis, Pseudomonas putida, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma;

[0008] Preferably, the biochar soil conditioner comprises: biochar and improving bacteria; the improving bacteria comprises: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus potassium-solubilizing jelly-like Bacillus, round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Bacillus jelly-like Bacillus.

[0009] Preferably, the mass ratio of the poultry and livestock manure, biogas residue, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, citric acid residue, amino acid residue and fermentation bacteria agent is: 60-70:20-24:10-16:10-16:10-16:2-3.

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus proteolyticus, Bacillus faecalis, Aspergillus niger, Pseudomonas putida and Trichoderma is 14-20:11-15:8-12:6-10:4-8:4-8, and the bacterial content is 300 million-500 million / g.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of the biochar to the improved bacterial agent is 80-90:8-12.

[0012] Preferably, the mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus potassium-solubilizing, Azotobacter rotundus and Paenibacillus jelly-like is 20-30:10-20:10-20:8-12, and the bacterial content is 700 million-900 million / g.

[0013] Preferably, the method for preparing the fermented organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0014] (1) Mixing livestock manure, biogas residue, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, citric acid residue and amino acid residue for composting;

[0015] (2) The compost obtained in step (1) is mixed with a fermentation agent, and the water content is adjusted to 50-60%, and then fermented to obtain a fermented organic fertilizer.

[0016] Preferably, the composting time in step (1) is 30 to 40 days, and the compost is turned every 7 to 10 days.

[0017] Preferably, the fermentation time in step (2) is 7 to 11 days.

[0018] The invention also provides a method for preparing the tomato charcoal-based biological fertilizer, which comprises mixing fermented organic fertilizer, biochar soil conditioner, sorghum cake powder and corn cob powder.

[0019] The present invention also provides application of the tomato charcoal-based biological fertilizer in improving tomato quality.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer of the present invention contains ingredients that provide nutrients for tomatoes, including fermented organic fertilizers, and also includes components that can improve soil, including biochar soil conditioners. Sorghum cake powder and corn cob powder serve as "adjuvants" for the above two raw materials, which can reduce the bulk density of the soil and increase the content of organic matter. The tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer provided by the present invention has the effects of increasing the ventilation and water retention of the soil, promoting the reproduction of soil microorganisms, improving the structure and quality of the soil, increasing the soil fertility and promoting the growth of tomatoes.

[0022] Specifically, the fermented organic fertilizer provided by the present invention utilizes probiotics to decompose the macromolecules in the waste, and decomposes them into small molecule nutrients that can be directly used by tomatoes. The added monosodium glutamate waste liquid is the leftovers in the production of monosodium glutamate, rich in various amino acids, such as acidic substances such as glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Adding the monosodium glutamate waste liquid during the fertilizer fermentation process can reduce the pH value of the fermentation system, reduce the production of harmful gases such as NH3, help create environmental conditions suitable for microbial fermentation, promote the decomposition and transformation of organic matter, and optimize the fermentation process. The monosodium glutamate waste liquid contains residual nutrients, which is particularly helpful for Trichoderma to produce spores and make Trichoderma reproduce faster. The high activity of the residual biological enzymes in the monosodium glutamate waste liquid also plays a key role, which can accelerate the degradation and transformation of organic matter, improve efficiency, and shorten the fermentation cycle. The main components of the amino acid residue are usually basic amino acids such as methionine, lysine, histidine and phenylalanine, and may also contain other amino acids, such as tryptophan, methionine and tyrosine, etc. The amino acid content is rich, and it can provide a rich nitrogen source for fertilizer.

[0023] In the fermentation agent provided by the present invention, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus egg spore-lyticus, and Trichoderma are all cellulose-decomposing bacteria, which can quickly decompose substances such as cellulose in materials such as feces and biogas residues. The addition of Bacillus faecalis can not only decompose toxic substances in materials, but also decompose organic matter and various macromolecular nutrients in materials. Bacillus megaterium can secrete some extracellular enzymes and organic acids, such as proteases, cellulases, succinic acid, etc. during the fermentation process, which are helpful for the decomposition of macromolecular substances such as proteins and cellulose. Aspergillus niger can decompose macromolecular sugars into monosaccharides and oligosaccharides during the fermentation process and generate a variety of organic acids, vitamins, biological enzymes and other growth-promoting substances, which are helpful for the growth of tomatoes. Therefore, the fermentation agent provided by the present invention can not only decompose macromolecular substances in wastes, so that wastes can be fully utilized, but also produce a variety of nutrients for absorption and utilization by tomatoes.

[0024] The biochar soil conditioner used in the present invention uses biochar as a carrier, carries an improved bacterial agent, and the added probiotic strains have the functions of potassium dissolution, nitrogen fixation, soil nutrient regulation, and changing the structure of soil microbial flora. It is used in conjunction with fermented organic fertilizers to accelerate the release of tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer nutrients and promote the absorption of tomato plant nutrients. Therefore, the present invention starts from the two aspects of nutrient provision and soil improvement. The use of tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer can provide tomatoes with sufficient and abundant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic acids, and also has the function of improving the soil, providing tomatoes with a suitable growth environment. Therefore, the tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer provided by the present invention can significantly improve the yield and quality of tomatoes, and has broad application prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The invention provides a tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer, which is prepared by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 10-20 parts of biochar soil conditioner, 3-5 parts of sorghum cake powder and 3-5 parts of corn cob powder; preferably, 84-96 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 12-18 parts of biochar soil conditioner, 4 parts of sorghum cake powder and 4 parts of corn cob powder; further preferably, 88-92 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 14-16 parts of biochar soil conditioner, 4 parts of sorghum cake powder and 4 parts of corn cob powder; more preferably, 90 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 15 parts of biochar soil conditioner, 4 parts of sorghum cake powder and 4 parts of corn cob powder.

[0026] In the present invention, the fermented organic fertilizer comprises: livestock manure, biogas residue, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, citric acid residue, amino acid residue and fermentation bacteria; the fermentation bacteria comprises: Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus proteolyticus, Bacillus faecalis, Pseudomonas putida, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma;

[0027] In the present invention, the biochar soil conditioner comprises: biochar and improved bacterial agent; the improved bacterial agent comprises: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus potassium-solubilizing jelly-like bacillus, round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Bacillus jelly-like bacillus.

[0028] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the poultry and livestock manure, biogas residue, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, citric acid residue, amino acid residue and fermentation bacteria agent is: 60-70:20-24:10-16:10-16:10-16:2-3; preferably 62-68:21-23:11-15:11-15:11-15:3; further preferably 64-66:22:12-14:12-14:12-14:3; more preferably 65:22:13:13:13:3.

[0029] In the present invention, the mass ratio of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus proteolyticus, Bacillus faecalis, Aspergillus niger, Pseudomonas putida and Trichoderma is 14-20:11-15:8-12:6-10:4-8:4-8; preferably 15-19:12-14:9-11:7-9:5-7:5-7; further preferably 16-18:13:10:8:6:6; more preferably 17:13:10:8:6:6.

[0030] In the present invention, the bacterial content of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus proteolyticus, Bacillus faecalis, Aspergillus niger, Pseudomonas putida and Trichoderma is 300 million to 500 million / g, preferably 400 million / g.

[0031] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the biochar to the improved bacterial agent is: 80-90:8-12; preferably 82-88:9-11; more preferably 84-86:10; more preferably 85:10.

[0032] In the present invention, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus potassium-solubilizing, Azotobacter round brown and Paenibacillus gelatinous is 20-30:10-20:10-20:8-12; preferably 22-28:12-18:12-18:9-11; further preferably 24-26:14-16:14-16:10; more preferably 25:15:15:10.

[0033] In the present invention, the bacterial content of the Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus potassium-solubilizing, Azotobacter rotundus and Paenibacillus jelly-like is 700 million / g to 900 million / g, preferably 800 million / g.

[0034] In the present invention, the preparation method of the fermented organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0035] (1) Mixing livestock manure, biogas residue, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, citric acid residue and amino acid residue for composting;

[0036] (2) The compost obtained in step (1) is mixed with a fermentation agent, and the water content is adjusted to 50-60% and then fermented to obtain a fermented organic fertilizer; preferably, the water content is 52-58%; more preferably, 54-56%; and more preferably, 55%.

[0037] In the present invention, the composting time in step (1) is 30 to 40 days, and the pile is turned every 7 to 10 days; preferably, the composting time is 32 to 38 days, and the pile is turned every 8 to 9 days; further preferably, the composting time is 34 to 36 days, and the pile is turned every 8 days; more preferably, the composting time is 35 days, and the pile is turned every 8 days.

[0038] In the present invention, the fermentation time in step (2) is 7 to 11 days, preferably 8 to 10 days, and more preferably 9 days.

[0039] The invention also provides a method for preparing the tomato charcoal-based biological fertilizer, which comprises mixing fermented organic fertilizer, biochar soil conditioner, sorghum cake powder and corn cob powder.

[0040] The present invention also provides application of the tomato charcoal-based biological fertilizer in improving tomato quality.

[0041] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A method for preparing tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0044] (1) Compost livestock manure, biogas residue, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, citric acid residue, and amino acid residue for 30 days, turning the pile every 7 days;

[0045] (2) mixing the compost obtained in step (1) with a fermentation agent, adjusting the water content to 50%, and then fermenting for 7 days, and aging for 10 days after fermentation to obtain a fermented organic fertilizer;

[0046] The mass ratio of the livestock excrement, biogas residue, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, citric acid residue, amino acid residue and fermentation bacteria agent is 60:20:10:10:10:2;

[0047] The fermentation bacteria agent includes: Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus proteolyticus, Bacillus faecalis, Pseudomonas putida, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma, with a mass ratio of 14:11:8:6:4:4, and a bacterial content of 300 million / g;

[0048] (3) The biochar and the improving bacterial agent are mixed in a mass ratio of 80:8 to obtain a biochar soil improver;

[0049] The improved bacterial agent includes: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus potassium-solubilizing jelly-like bacillus, round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Bacillus jelly-like bacillus, with a mass ratio of 20:10:10:8, and a bacterial content of 700 million / g;

[0050] (4) Mix 80 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 10 parts of biochar soil conditioner, 3 parts of sorghum cake powder and 3 parts of corn cob powder.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] A method for preparing tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0053] (1) Compost livestock manure, biogas residue, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, citric acid residue, and amino acid residue for 40 days, turning the pile every 10 days;

[0054] (2) mixing the compost obtained in step (1) with a fermentation agent, adjusting the water content to 60%, fermenting for 11 days, and aging for 20 days after fermentation to obtain a fermented organic fertilizer;

[0055] The mass ratio of the livestock excrement, biogas residue, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, citric acid residue, amino acid residue and fermentation bacteria agent is 70:24:16:16:16:3;

[0056] The fermentation bacteria agent includes: Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus proteolyticus, Bacillus faecalis, Pseudomonas putida, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma, with a mass ratio of 20:15:12:10:8:8, and the bacterial content of each of them is 500 million / g;

[0057] (3) mixing the biochar and the improving bacterial agent in a mass ratio of 90:12 to obtain a biochar soil improver;

[0058] The improved bacterial agent includes: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus potassium-solubilizing jelly-like bacillus, round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Bacillus jelly-like bacillus, with a mass ratio of 30:20:20:12, and a bacterial content of 900 million / g;

[0059] (4) Mix 100 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 20 parts of biochar soil conditioner, 5 parts of sorghum cake powder and 5 parts of corn cob powder.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] A method for preparing tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0062] (1) Compost livestock manure, biogas residue, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, citric acid residue, and amino acid residue for 35 days, turning the pile every 8 days;

[0063] (2) mixing the compost obtained in step (1) with a fermentation agent, adjusting the water content to 55%, and then fermenting for 9 days, and aging for 15 days after fermentation to obtain a fermented organic fertilizer;

[0064] The mass ratio of the livestock excrement, biogas residue, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, citric acid residue, amino acid residue and fermentation bacteria agent is: 65:22:13:13:13:3;

[0065] The fermentation bacteria agent includes: Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus proteolyticus, Bacillus faecalis, Pseudomonas putida, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma, with a mass ratio of 17:13:10:8:6:6, and a bacterial content of 400 million / g;

[0066] (3) The biochar and the improving bacterial agent were mixed in a mass ratio of 85:10 to obtain a biochar soil improver;

[0067] The improved bacterial agent includes: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus potassium-solubilizing jelly-like bacillus, round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Bacillus jelly-like bacillus, with a mass ratio of 25:15:15:10, and a bacterial content of 800 million / g;

[0068] (4) Mix 90 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 16 parts of biochar soil conditioner, 4 parts of sorghum cake powder and 4 parts of corn cob powder.

[0069] Experimental Example 1

[0070] An experimental field in Chengguan District of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province was selected to plant tomato Longfan 16, and three plots were randomly treated in each experimental group.

[0071] The tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer crop experimental group was prepared by the method of Example 3.

[0072] Control group 1, other methods are the same as Example 3, the only difference is that no monosodium glutamate waste liquid is added to the fermented organic fertilizer.

[0073] Control group 2, other methods are the same as those of Example 3, except that Bacillus proteolyticus and Trichoderma are replaced by equal amounts of Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium in the fermented organic fertilizer.

[0074] In control group 3, other methods were the same as those in Example 3, except that the biochar soil conditioner replaced potassium-solubilizing Paenibacillus jelly-like and round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria with equal amounts of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus polymyxa.

[0075] Control group 4: other methods were the same as those in Example 3, except that no biochar soil conditioner was added to the tomato charcoal-based bio-fertilizer.

[0076] Control group 5: other methods were the same as those in Example 3, except that no fermented organic fertilizer was added to the tomato charcoal-based bio-fertilizer.

[0077] The fertilization method of the experimental group and control groups 1 to 5 was as follows: use it as base fertilizer before planting tomatoes, with an application amount of 700 to 800 kg / mu; use it as topdressing during the fruiting period of tomatoes, with an application amount of 200 to 300 kg / mu.

[0078] Existing technical group: Base fertilizer: 1000kg of decomposed poultry and livestock manure, 25kg of superphosphate, 15kg of urea, 1kg of zinc sulfate, 0.25kg of borax, and 3kg of 3% phoxim granules per mu; topdressing during the fruit setting period: 500kg of decomposed poultry and livestock manure and 25kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer per mu.

[0079] Except for the different use of basal fertilizer and topdressing during the fruiting period, the other growth management methods were the same for each experimental group. After the tomato harvest, the total yield of tomatoes was counted, and 10 mature fruits were randomly selected from each experimental group to observe their appearance and taste their taste, and the tomato pulp quality was investigated. The results were averaged, as shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0080] Among them, the vitamin C content in the pulp was detected by colorimetry, the soluble protein content in the pulp was detected by Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining, the soluble solid content in the pulp was detected by refractometer, and the lycopene content in the pulp was detected by spectrophotometry.

[0081] Table 1 Tomato yield survey

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] Table 2 Questionnaire for tomato pulp quality

[0085]

[0086] It can be seen from the contents recorded in Tables 1 and 2 that, compared with the prior art group, the biological fertilizer provided by the present invention can significantly increase the yield of tomatoes, and has a very obvious improvement in the appearance quality and pulp quality of tomatoes, indicating that the use effect of the fertilizer provided by the present invention is better than that of the prior art fertilizer.

[0087] From the data of the control group, it can be seen that if a certain component of the present invention is abandoned or replaced with other components with similar effects, the technical effect of the present invention cannot be achieved. For example, in control group 2 and control group 3, even if the strains are replaced with strains with similar effects or species, the fertilizer effect of the fertilizer will still be significantly affected, and the yield and quality of tomatoes will be significantly affected.

[0088] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer, characterized in that: The invention is prepared by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 80 to 100 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 10 to 20 parts of biochar soil conditioner, 3 to 5 parts of sorghum cake powder and 3 to 5 parts of corn cob powder; The fermented organic fertilizer includes: livestock manure, biogas residue, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, citric acid residue, amino acid residue and fermentation bacteria; the fermentation bacteria include: Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus proteolyticus, Bacillus faecalis, Pseudomonas putida, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma; The biochar soil conditioner comprises: biochar and improved bacterial agent; the improved bacterial agent comprises: Bacillus subtilis, potassium-solubilizing jelly-like Bacillus, round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria and jelly-like Bacillus.

2. The tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the livestock excrement, biogas residue, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, citric acid residue, amino acid residue and fermentation bacteria agent is 60-70:20-24:10-16:10-16:10-16:2-3.

3. The tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus proteolyticus, Bacillus faecalis, Aspergillus niger, Pseudomonas putida and Trichoderma is 14-20:11-15:8-12:6-10:4-8:4-8, and the bacterial content is 300 million-500 million / g.

4. The tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the biochar to the improved bacterial agent is 80-90:8-12.

5. The tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis, the potassium-solubilizing jelly-like Bacillus, the round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria and the jelly-like Bacillus is 20-30:10-20:10-20:8-12, and the bacterial content is 700 million to 900 million per gram.

6. The tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the fermented organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing livestock manure, biogas residue, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, citric acid residue and amino acid residue for composting; (2) The compost obtained in step (1) is mixed with a fermentation agent, and the water content is adjusted to 50-60%, and then fermented to obtain a fermented organic fertilizer.

7. The tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The composting time in step (1) is 30 to 40 days, and the compost is turned every 7 to 10 days.

8. The tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fermentation time in step (2) is 7 to 11 days.

9. The method for preparing tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Simply mix fermented organic fertilizer, biochar soil conditioner, sorghum cake meal, and corn cob meal.

10. Use of the tomato charcoal-based biofertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in improving tomato quality.

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