Spiral segmented thermal expansion cracking device

Abstract

The invention discloses a spiral segmented thermal expansion cracking device, which comprises a machine body, a screw shaft and an expansion cover, the screw shaft is arranged in the machine body, the expansion cover is arranged at the tail part of the machine body and is fixedly connected with the machine body, the front part of the machine body is provided with a feeding bin, and the axial position of the screw shaft is provided with a plurality of sections of functional screws with different screw pitches and structure parameters. Different from a traditional material drying treatment mode before pyrolysis cracking of a cracking furnace kiln, the method has the advantages that the principle structure of a bulking machine is modified, segmented heating sections are arranged, stockpile isolation, high-temperature extrusion bulking and cracked gas dredging are performed, and material cracking and expansion energy storage are controlled; the pyrolysis distillation raw material is subjected to low-temperature moisture evaporation-medium-temperature initial cracking low-carbon position-high-temperature and high-pressure puffing release, so that the pyrolysis principle achieves the fluffy purpose, and the material is easier to absorb heat and fission during subsequent pyrolysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to thermal cracking and gasification engineering and equipment manufacturing industry in the field of environmental protection, and in particular to a spiral segmented thermal expansion cracking device. Background Art

[0002] With the development and application of solid waste pyrolysis resource technology, related thermal cracking equipment technologies have emerged in an endless stream at home and abroad, providing an optimal solution for transforming the simple reduction and emission reduction of solid waste treatment into resource recycling. However, in the pyrolysis and gasification process, the moisture content of the material hinders the efficiency of thermal cracking. Incomplete dehydration of raw materials in the early stage will cause the subsequent cracking and heating links to have adverse effects such as slow furnace temperature increase and low quality of cracking products, resulting in increased operating costs of pyrolysis distillation reactions. In the pyrolysis and gasification process, the moisture content of the material is an important factor affecting the pyrolysis efficiency and product quality. High moisture content will cause the pyrolysis furnace to heat up slowly, increase energy consumption, and reduce the calorific value and quality of the pyrolysis products.

[0003] Puffing and cracking technology is a technology that achieves material cracking through high temperature, high pressure and mechanical shearing. At present, the application of this technology in solid waste treatment still faces some challenges, such as the difficulty of large-scale and continuous operation of equipment, and when treating solid waste with complex components, it is easy to have unstable operation problems. It has been applied in the field of agricultural waste treatment, such as straw high-temperature puffing and cracking machine, which achieves straw puffing and cracking through high temperature and mechanical extrusion for the production of livestock feed. However, existing devices have problems such as low cracking rate, low output, high energy consumption and easy clogging. In industrial solid waste treatment, similar pyrolysis devices also face similar technical challenges, such as complex equipment, difficult operation, and insufficient product stability. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a spiral segmented heat expansion cracking device, which adopts segmented temperature control heating and compression expansion to improve cracking efficiency and reduce operating costs.

[0005] The present invention provides a spiral segmented heat expansion cracking device, which comprises a machine body, a screw shaft and an expansion cover. The screw shaft is arranged inside the machine body, and the expansion cover is arranged at the tail of the machine body and is tightly connected to the machine body.

[0006] The front part of the machine body is provided with a feed bin, the outer shell is provided with at least 3 sections of heating systems with different heating powers and functions, including a low-temperature evaporation thermal mechanism, a low-temperature cracking thermal mechanism and a high-temperature expansion thermal mechanism, an evaporation water outlet and an evaporation water gas collecting chamber are provided at the corresponding steam escape spiral position of the machine body and the screw shaft, and a cracking gas outlet and a cracking gas collecting chamber are provided at the cracking gas escape spiral position; wherein the heating system includes designs for supplying electricity, firepower and other heat energy;

[0007] The axial position of the screw shaft is provided with multiple functional spirals with different pitches and structural parameters, including a preheating spiral, a steam escape spiral, a precracking spiral, a cracking gas escape spiral and a variable diameter puffing extrusion spiral. A smooth axis section is also provided in the middle of each functional spiral, which forms a stacking seal, a stacking seal, a stacking seal and a stacking seal with the inner wall of the machine body. The pitch and structural parameters of the preheating spiral and the precracking spiral of the screw shaft are set in descending order, and the pitch and structural parameters of the steam evacuation escape spiral and the cracking gas evacuation escape spiral are set in a high-efficiency large pitch structure.

[0008] The bottom diameter of the variable diameter puffing extrusion spiral is gradually increased (or the spiral pitch is gradually reduced), and a conical arc puffing injection groove in a plum blossom array is also arranged at the tail end of the variable diameter puffing extrusion spiral of the screw shaft;

[0009] The interior of the puffing cap is a venturi structure, and the inner conical wall is provided with arc-shaped material guiding injection grooves in a plum blossom array, which together with the puffing injection grooves and the puffing injection port on the conical surface of the screw shaft tail end form an extrusion puffing jet structure.

[0010] The present invention improves the principle structure of the puffing machine, sets segmented heating sections, pile isolation, high-temperature extrusion puffing and cracking gas diversion, controls material cracking and expansion energy storage, releases the pyrolysis distillation raw materials through low-temperature evaporation of water - medium-temperature initial cracking of low-carbon positions - high-temperature and high-pressure puffing, so that the pyrolysis principle achieves the purpose of fluffing, and makes the subsequent pyrolysis of the material easier to endothermic fission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the present invention

[0012] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the expansion cover structure

[0013] Figure 3 A structural diagram

[0014] In the figure: body 1, screw shaft 2, silo 3, low-temperature evaporation thermal mechanism 4, evaporation water gas collecting chamber 5, evaporation water outlet 6, low-temperature cracking thermal mechanism 7, cracking gas gas collecting chamber 8, cracking gas outlet 9, high-temperature puffing thermal mechanism 10, puffing cover 11, puffing injection port 12, material guide injection groove 13, extrusion injection groove 14, variable diameter extrusion spiral 15, optical axis stacking seal 16, cracking gas escape spiral 17, optical axis stacking seal 18, pre-cracking spiral 19, optical axis stacking seal 20, steam escape spiral 21, optical axis stacking seal 22, preheating section spiral 23 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In conjunction with the implementation drawings of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. The implementation cases described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other similar embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] As shown in the figure, a spiral segmented heat expansion cracking device includes a body 1, a screw shaft 2 and an expansion cover 11. The screw shaft 2 is arranged inside the body 1, and the expansion cover 11 is arranged at the tail of the body 1 and is tightly connected to the body 1.

[0017] The front part of the machine body 1 is provided with a feed bin 3, and the outer shell is provided with at least 3 sections of heating systems with different heating powers and functions, including a low-temperature evaporation thermal mechanism 4, a low-temperature cracking thermal mechanism 7, and a high-temperature expansion thermal mechanism 10, which provide heat energy for dehydration and drying, initial cracking and heating, and high-temperature and high-pressure expansion energy storage for the raw materials entering the device; an evaporation water outlet 6 and an evaporation water gas collecting chamber 5 are provided at the corresponding steam escape spiral 21 position of the machine body 1 and the screw shaft 2, which can be used to guide the evaporated water and connect to the water treatment system; a cracking gas outlet 9 and a cracking gas collecting chamber 8 are provided at the position of the cracking gas escape spiral 17, which can be used to guide the cracking gas flowing out of the initial cracking temperature and connect to the condensation system; the thermal forms of the low-temperature evaporation thermal mechanism 4, the low-temperature cracking thermal mechanism 7, and the high-temperature expansion thermal mechanism 10 included in the above-mentioned heating system include electric power, firepower and other thermal energy supply designs;

[0018] The screw shaft 2 is provided with a plurality of functional spirals with different pitches and structural parameters in the axial position, including a preheating spiral 23, a steam escape spiral 21, a pre-cracking spiral 19, a cracking gas escape spiral 17 and a variable diameter puffing extrusion spiral 15. A light axis section is also provided in the middle of each functional spiral, which forms a pile seal 22, a pile seal 20, a pile seal 18 and a pile seal 16 with the inner wall of the body 1. A conical arc puffing injection groove 14 with a plum blossom array is also provided at the tail end of the screw shaft 2 to disrupt the high-temperature and high-pressure puffing jet trajectory to form a high-temperature atomization effect; the pitch and structural parameters of the preheating spiral 23 and the pre-cracking spiral 19 of the screw shaft 2 are set in a decreasing manner to form a material congestion superimposed ...

[0019] The bottom diameter of the variable diameter puffing extrusion screw 15 is gradually increased (or the spiral pitch is gradually reduced), so that the material is gradually pressurized and compacted, and forms an energy storage effect before puffing with the external high-temperature puffing thermal mechanism 10. The tail end of the variable diameter puffing extrusion screw 15 of the screw shaft 2 is also provided with a conical arc puffing injection groove 14 in a plum blossom array.

[0020] The interior of the puffing cover 11 is a venturi structure, and the inner conical wall is provided with arc-shaped material guiding injection grooves 13 in a plum blossom array, which together with the puffing injection grooves 14 and the puffing injection port 12 on the conical surface at the rear end of the screw shaft 2 form an extrusion puffing jet structure.

[0021] The specific implementation process is that the pyrolysis raw material enters the preheating section of the screw shaft 2 inside the device from the silo 3 and moves forward. Under the heat radiation of the low-temperature evaporation thermal mechanism 4 set outside the body 1, the pyrolysis raw material is heated to 150°C-200°C, and the water begins to evaporate. When the pyrolysis raw material continues to move to the position of the steam evacuation escape spiral 21, the pitch and structural parameters of the steam evacuation escape spiral 21 are set as a high-efficiency large-pitch structure, so that the material transportation speed is accelerated, and fluffy gaps appear between the steam evacuation escape spiral 21 of the inner wall of the body 1 and the screw shaft 2, and water vapor is precipitated from the material and escapes quickly, and is discharged through the evaporation water collecting cavity 5 and the evaporation water outlet 6, and is connected to the water treatment system for collection and reuse;

[0022] The pyrolysis raw material after dehydration and preheating continues to run into the pre-cracking spiral 19 section of the screw shaft 2 under the action of the spiral. The corresponding low-temperature cracking thermal mechanism 7 set on the outside of the body 1 raises the pyrolysis temperature to about 230°C-300°C, and the low-carbon hydrocarbon alkane structure molecules in the pyrolysis raw material begin to fission and volatilize, gathering the volatile energy. When it runs to the position of the cracking gas escape spiral 17 section, the pitch and structural parameters of the cracking gas escape spiral 17 are set to the high-efficiency large-pitch structure again, and the low-carbon hydrocarbon alkane structure molecules escape and precipitate, and gather from the fluffy gap between the inner wall of the body 1 and the cracking gas escape spiral 17 of the screw shaft 2 to the cracking gas collecting chamber 8, and then pass through the cracking gas outlet 9 to connect to the condensation system to condense and collect the oil product;

[0023] The pyrolysis raw material after the initial cracking continues to move forward under the action of the spiral and enters the variable diameter expansion extrusion spiral 15. Since the bottom diameter of the variable diameter expansion extrusion spiral 15 is gradually increased or the spiral pitch is gradually reduced, the volume of the pyrolysis raw material is gradually compressed. At the same time, under the heat radiation effect of the high temperature expansion thermal mechanism 10 arranged outside the corresponding body 1, the temperature is raised to more than 350°C. In a closed state, the pyrolysis raw material forms a gas-solid mixture with pyrolysis expansion and compression energy storage, and runs to When the variable diameter puffing extrusion spiral 15 of the screw shaft 2 is at the tail end position, the gas-solid mixed high-pressure energy storage body is depressurized through the puffing injection port 12 with a venturi structure inside the puffing cover 11, and under the action of the extrusion puffing jet structure composed of the conical arc puffing injection grooves 14 with a plum blossom array arranged on the tail end guide cone surface, the arc-shaped material guiding injection grooves 13 with a plum blossom array arranged on the inner cone wall of the puffing cover 11 and the puffing injection port 12 with a venturi structure inside, high-speed atomization and injection are performed to form a puffing jet effect.

[0024] Through the above content, the pyrolysis raw material is dehydrated and dried by the preheating section spiral 23, the steam evacuation spiral 21 and the low-temperature evaporation thermal mechanism 4, and then the pre-cracking spiral 19, the cracking gas escape spiral 17 and the low-temperature cracking thermal mechanism 7 are used together to achieve the initial connection and distillation effect of the material, and finally the variable diameter expansion extrusion spiral 15, the expansion cover 11 and the high-temperature expansion thermal mechanism 10 are used together to achieve high-speed atomization and injection to form an expansion jet effect. Compared with the traditional pyrolysis pretreatment, the device of the present invention can activate the activity of the pyrolysis principle to the greatest extent, and can achieve twice the result with half the effort when used in conjunction with the cracking furnace.

Claims

1. A spiral segmented heat expansion cracking device, characterized in that: The invention is composed of a machine body (1), a screw shaft (2) and a puffing cover (11), wherein the screw shaft (2) is arranged inside the machine body (1), the puffing cover (11) is arranged at the tail of the machine body (1), a heating system is arranged outside the machine body (1), and a functional spiral is arranged on the screw shaft (2).

2. The spiral segmented thermal expansion cracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that At least three sections of heating systems with different heating powers and functions are arranged outside the machine body (1); an evaporation water outlet (6) and an evaporation water gas collecting chamber (5) are arranged at the positions of the steam escape spiral (21) corresponding to the machine body (1) and the screw shaft (2); and a cracking gas outlet (9) and a cracking gas gas collecting chamber (8) are arranged at the positions of the cracking gas escape spiral (17).

3. The spiral segmented heat expansion cracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that The screw shaft (2) is provided with multiple sections of functional spirals with different pitches and structural parameters, wherein the functional spirals include a preheating section spiral (23), a steam escape spiral (21), a pre-cracking spiral (19), a cracking gas escape spiral (17) and a variable diameter expansion extrusion spiral (15), and a smooth axis section is also provided in the middle of each section of the functional spiral to form a stacking seal with the inner wall of the machine body (1).

4. The spiral segmented heat expansion cracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that The pitch and structural parameters of the preheating section spiral (23) and the pre-cracking spiral (19) of the screw shaft (2) are set in decreasing order, and the pitch and structural parameters of the steam evacuation spiral (21) and the cracking gas evacuation spiral (17) are set in a high-efficiency large-pitch structure.

5. The spiral segmented heat expansion cracking device according to claim 3, characterized in that The bottom diameter of the variable diameter expanding and extruding screw (15) increases gradually.

6. The spiral segmented heat expansion cracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that The bottom diameter of the variable diameter expanding and extruding screw (15) is arranged to decrease in a manner that the screw pitch decreases.

7. The spiral segmented heat expansion cracking device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that The tail end of the variable diameter puffing extrusion screw (15) is provided with a conical arc puffing injection groove (14) in the form of a plum blossom array.

8. The spiral segmented heat expansion cracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that The interior of the puffing cap (11) is a venturi structure, and the inner conical wall is provided with arc-shaped material guiding injection grooves (13) in a plum blossom array, which together with the puffing injection grooves (14) and the puffing injection port (12) on the conical surface at the rear end of the screw shaft (2) form an extrusion puffing jet structure.

9. The spiral segmented heat expansion cracking device according to claim 2, characterized in that The heating system comprises a low-temperature evaporation thermal mechanism (4), a low-temperature cracking thermal mechanism (7) and a high-temperature expansion thermal mechanism (10).

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