Axial exhaust steam structure of a small-power and low-grade heat energy steam turbine

Abstract

The present invention discloses an axial exhaust structure for a small-power and low-grade heat energy steam turbine, which relates to the technical field of steam turbine exhaust. It includes a rear cylinder retaining ring, an exhaust cylinder, a rear cylinder bearing seat, and a volute. A plurality of guide vanes are fixedly connected to the inner cavity wall of the volute along its axial direction in an array. The guide vanes gradually extend from one axial end of the volute to the other axial end of the volute, and the outer contour of the guide vanes is spiral. In the present invention, the steam of the steam turbine enters the exhaust cylinder through the rear cylinder retaining ring, enabling the steam to flow along the axial direction of the steam turbine and reducing the flow resistance of the steam. In addition, by setting the volute and the guide vanes, the guide vanes can guide the discharged steam, so that the steam in different radial directions of the exhaust cylinder can be guided by the guide vanes, enabling the steam in multiple directions to flow in the radial inner direction of the volute and finally mix together. Furthermore, the steam pressures in multiple directions can form a single steam after entering the volute, thereby improving the exhaust efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of steam turbine exhaust, and particularly to an axial exhaust structure for a small-power and low-grade heat energy steam turbine. Background Art

[0002] Steam turbines are widely used in the energy and power industry to drive generators to supply a large amount of electric energy or drive other power machinery to meet the needs of the increasingly developing industrial and agricultural production. A complete steam turbine contains many components, which are divided into stators and rotors. The stators mainly include cylinders, diaphragms, steam seals, bearings, bearing pedestals, etc., and the rotors mainly include main shafts, impellers, couplings, etc. In modern industrial production, many enterprises have a considerable amount of waste heat continuously or intermittently discharged into the atmosphere through flue gas, waste gas, and wastewater, which not only causes greater thermal pollution to the environment but also wastes a large amount of low-grade energy. Utilizing the low-temperature waste heat generated during this production process for power generation can effectively reduce energy consumption during production and simultaneously reduce thermal pollution to the environment, which has significant energy-saving and environmental protection significance.

[0003] The steam discharged from the steam turbine can be recycled, so an exhaust structure is generally installed at the last-stage blade of the steam turbine to discharge the steam. The existing exhaust structure is an upper exhaust structure (i.e., the flow direction of the steam is upward), and a large amount of condensate will also be generated in the exhaust and flow into the exhaust cylinder along the exhaust pipe and the inner wall of the rear cylinder, endangering the safe operation of the last-stage blade of the rotor. Therefore, a special drainage system needs to be designed. For lower-exhaust steam turbines, the general operating platform is as high as seven or eight meters, and the condenser is arranged directly below the exhaust cylinder, resulting in a relatively high cost for the construction of the plant space.

[0004] From the analysis of the steam drive and the steam flow path, for steam turbines with upward or downward exhaust, there is a nearly 90° bend in the steam flow path at the exhaust cylinder position, which makes the exhaust flow resistance very large and the exhaust residual velocity loss also increases accordingly, thus affecting the overall efficiency of the unit. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an axial exhaust structure for a small-power and low-grade heat energy steam turbine to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] An axial exhaust structure for a small-power and low-grade heat energy steam turbine, comprising:

[0008] Rear cylinder retaining ring;

[0009] An exhaust cylinder fixedly connected to one end of the rear cylinder retaining ring;

[0010] A rear cylinder bearing pedestal coaxially and fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the exhaust cylinder;

[0011] A volute is coaxially connected to one end of the exhaust cylinder away from the rear cylinder retaining ring. A plurality of guide vanes are fixedly connected to the inner cavity wall of the volute along its axial direction in an array. The guide vanes gradually extend from one axial end of the volute to the other axial end of the volute, and the outer contour of the guide vanes is spiral.

[0012] Through the above technical solution, the steam of the steam turbine enters the exhaust cylinder from the rear cylinder retaining ring, enabling the steam to flow along the axial direction of the steam turbine and reducing the flow resistance of the steam. In addition, by arranging the volute and the guide vanes, the guide vanes can guide the discharged steam, so that the steam in different radial directions of the exhaust cylinder is guided by the guide vanes, and the steam in multiple directions can flow towards the radially inner direction of the volute and finally mix together. Furthermore, the steam pressures in multiple directions form a single steam after entering the volute, thereby improving the exhaust efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, a maintenance opening is provided on the outer wall of the exhaust cylinder.

[0014] Through the above technical solution, the bearing mounting seat can be repaired and installed through the maintenance opening.

[0015] Furthermore, the distance between the guide vanes and the inner cavity wall of the volute increases sequentially along the axial direction of the volute.

[0016] Through the above technical solution, the flow resistance of the steam on the side of the volute adjacent to the exhaust cylinder is small. Then, as the steam enters the volute, the blocking area of the steam increases, and since the guide vanes are spiral, the steam can flow along the surface of the guide vanes towards the radially inner direction of the volute. Furthermore, the steam in different directions in the exhaust cylinder converges into a single steam, and the efficiency of steam discharge is improved.

[0017] Furthermore, a sealing seat is provided on one end face of the rear cylinder bearing seat facing the rear cylinder retaining ring.

[0018] Through the above technical solution, bearings and seals are installed in the sealing seat, and thus the rotor end of the steam turbine can be installed in the rear cylinder bearing seat.

[0019] Furthermore, a flue gas discharge hole is provided on one end face of the rear cylinder bearing seat away from the rear cylinder retaining ring, and the flue gas discharge hole is communicated with the sealing seat.

[0020] Through the above technical solution, when the rotor of the steam turbine rotates, it will generate high-speed friction with the lubricating oil delivered to the sealing seat by the lubrication system and generate flue gas. The flue gas is discharged from the flue gas discharge hole, preventing the flue gas from accumulating in the inner cavity of the sealing seat.

[0021] Furthermore, a micro-negative pressure exhaust structure is provided on the end face of the rear cylinder bearing seat, and the micro-negative pressure exhaust structure is used to generate a negative pressure in the flue gas discharge hole.

[0022] Through the above technical solution, a negative pressure can be generated on the flue gas discharge holes through the micro-negative pressure exhaust structure, enabling the flue gas to be discharged from the flue gas discharge holes.

[0023] Furthermore, the micro-negative pressure exhaust structure includes an exhaust seat fixedly connected to the end face of the rear cylinder bearing seat away from the rear cylinder retaining ring. The exhaust seat is communicated with the flue gas discharge holes. A connecting pipe is coaxially fixedly connected to one end face of the exhaust seat. One end of the connecting pipe away from the exhaust seat is coaxially fixedly connected with an inlet seat. The end of the inlet seat away from the connecting pipe is open. The inlet seat extends into the volute, and a plurality of steam inlet holes are formed in the periphery of the inlet seat.

[0024] Through the above technical solution, the guide plate generates resistance to the steam in the volute, enabling part of the steam to enter the steam inlet holes through the guide plate. After the steam enters the steam inlet holes, it flows out from the open side of the inlet seat. As a result, the pressures in the inner cavities of the inlet seat and the exhaust seat are inconsistent, causing the steam and flue gas in the inner cavity of the exhaust seat to enter the inlet seat through the exhaust seat and the connecting pipe, and enabling the flue gas generated when the rear cylinder of the steam turbine rotates to be quickly discharged.

[0025] Furthermore, a sliding sleeve is coaxially clamped in the inlet seat. The sliding sleeve freely slides axially along the exhaust seat in the inlet seat. A plurality of guide plates are fixedly connected to the periphery of the sliding sleeve. The guide plates pass through the steam inlet holes and freely slide.

[0026] Through the above technical solution, the steam exerts a thrust on the guide plate, causing the guide plate to drive the sliding sleeve to move on the fixed shaft, enabling the balls on the flange rotating sleeve to roll in the spiral rolling groove on the fixed shaft. Furthermore, it can drive the rotating baffle to rotate axially around the fixed shaft, enabling the overlapping area size of the second through groove on the rotating baffle and the first through groove on the fixed baffle to change according to the magnitude of the thrust of the steam on the guide plate.

[0027] Furthermore, a pressure regulating component is arranged in the inlet seat. The pressure regulating component includes a fixed baffle coaxially fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the inlet seat. A first through groove is formed in the end face of the fixed baffle. A flange rotating sleeve is rotatably connected to the end face of the fixed baffle on the side facing away from the exhaust seat. A rotating baffle is coaxially fixedly sleeved on the periphery of the flange rotating sleeve. The end face of the rotating baffle is in contact connection with the end face of the fixed baffle. A second through groove matching the first through groove is formed in the end face of the rotating baffle. A fixed shaft is coaxially fixedly connected to the inner cavity wall of the sliding sleeve. The fixed shaft coaxially penetrates the flange rotating sleeve and freely slides. A ball is rotatably embedded in the middle hole wall of the flange rotating sleeve. A spiral rolling groove for the ball to be clamped is formed on the periphery of the fixed shaft. The ball freely rolls in the spiral rolling groove.

[0028] Through the above technical solution, the movement of the deflector drives the rotation of the rotary baffle, so that the overlapping and communicating area of the first through groove and the second through groove can be adjusted, and the pressure in the inner cavities of the exhaust seat and the steam inlet seat can be maintained within a certain range, avoiding the suction of the lubricating oil in the rear bearing seat of the exhaust cylinder cavity during the operation of the steam turbine.

[0029] Further, one end of the fixed shaft passing through the fixed baffle is threadedly sleeved with a nut, and a spring is wound around the periphery of the fixed shaft. The two ends of the spring in the elastic force direction are elastically abutted against the nut and the fixed baffle respectively.

[0030] Through the above technical solution, an elastic abutting force is generated on the nut by the spring, so that in the initial state, the fixed shaft will drive the sliding sleeve to move towards the direction adjacent to the exhaust seat, and then the sliding sleeve adjusts the opening amplitude of the steam inlet.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0032] 1. In the present invention, the steam of the steam turbine enters the exhaust cylinder from the rear cylinder retaining ring, enabling the steam to flow along the axial direction of the steam turbine, reducing the flow resistance of the steam. Additionally, by providing a volute and guide vanes, the guide vanes can direct the discharged steam, causing the steam in different radial directions of the exhaust cylinder to flow towards the radial inner side of the volute through the guidance of the guide vanes and finally mix together. As a result, the steam pressures in multiple directions form a single steam flow after entering the volute, thereby improving the exhaust efficiency.

[0033] 2. In the present invention, the deflector generates resistance to the steam in the volute, causing some steam to enter the steam inlet through the deflector. After the steam enters the steam inlet, it flows out from the open side of the steam inlet seat. As a result, the pressures in the inner cavities of the steam inlet seat and the exhaust seat are inconsistent, enabling the steam and flue gas in the exhaust seat cavity to enter the steam inlet seat through the exhaust seat and the connecting pipe. During the operation of the steam turbine, the flue gas in the rear bearing seat of the exhaust cylinder cavity can be quickly discharged.

[0034] 3. In the present invention, the movement of the deflector drives the rotation of the rotary baffle, so that the overlapping and communicating area of the first through groove and the second through groove can be adjusted, and the pressure in the inner cavities of the exhaust seat and the steam inlet seat can be maintained within a certain range, avoiding the suction of the lubricating oil in the rear bearing seat of the exhaust cylinder cavity during the operation of the steam turbine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an axial exhaust structure of a small - power and low - grade heat energy steam turbine in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 For Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the positional relationship from another perspective in

[0037] Figure 3 is Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the positional relationship after omitting the volute in

[0038] Figure 4 is Figure 3 Exploded decomposition schematic diagram of part of the structure in

[0039] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the positional relationship after assembling the exhaust seat, steam inlet seat and connecting pipe in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 is Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the positional relationship after part of the structure is cut open in

[0041] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the positional relationship after assembling the sliding sleeve, fixed baffle and rotating baffle in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 is Figure 7 Exploded decomposition schematic diagram of the structure in

[0043] Figure 9 is Figure 8 Enlarged schematic diagram of the local structure at A in

[0044] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the positional relationship after assembling the volute and guide vane in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 11 is Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the positional relationship from another perspective in

[0046] In the figures, the reference numerals are explained as follows: 1, sealing seat; 2, rear cylinder bearing seat; 3, rear cylinder retaining ring; 4, inspection opening; 5, volute; 6, exhaust cylinder; 7, guide vane; 8, exhaust seat; 9, steam inlet seat; 10, deflector; 11, connecting pipe; 12, flue gas discharge hole; 13, sliding sleeve; 14, steam inlet; 15, fixed shaft; 16, fixed baffle; 17, spring; 18, nut; 19, first through groove; 20, rotating baffle; 21, spiral rolling groove; 22, flange rotating sleeve; 23, ball; 24, second through groove. Specific embodiments

[0047] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0048] Please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 11 ,the present invention provides a technical solution: a small-power low-grade heat energy steam turbine axial exhaust structure, which includes a rear cylinder retaining ring 3 connected to the outer shell of the rear cylinder at the end of the steam turbine. On one end face of the rear cylinder retaining ring 3, an exhaust cylinder 6 is coaxially welded. The exhaust cylinder 6 is formed by welding or connecting two half cylinders symmetrically divided by a horizontal middle plane with screws. The axis of the exhaust cylinder 6 is coaxial with the axis of the steam turbine rotor. On the inner cavity wall of the exhaust cylinder 6, a rear cylinder bearing seat 2 is welded through a plurality of rib plates. A seal seat 1 is provided on the rear cylinder bearing seat 2. A bearing is installed in the seal seat 1, and the bearing is connected to the end of the steam turbine rotor. And a steam seal ring is installed in the seal seat 1, and the steam seal ring is used to seal the contact surface between the periphery of the rotor and the seal seat 1;

[0049] An inspection port 4 is installed on the outer wall of the upper side of the exhaust cylinder 6. Through the inspection port 4, the rear cylinder bearing seat 2 can be installed and inspected. A flue gas discharge hole 12 is provided on one end face of the rear cylinder bearing seat 2 away from the rear cylinder retaining ring 3, and the flue gas discharge hole 12 communicates with the seal seat 1. In addition, a lubrication pipeline and a cooling pipeline are installed in the rear cylinder bearing seat 2. The lubrication pipeline and the cooling pipeline are used to convey lubricating oil and cooling water into the seal seat 1, so as to lubricate and cool the end of the steam turbine rotor. One end of the exhaust cylinder 6 away from the rear cylinder retaining ring 3 is connected to a volute 5. The volute 5 is coaxial with the exhaust cylinder 6. A plurality of guide vanes 7 are fixedly connected to the inner cavity wall of the volute 5 along its axis in an array. The guide vanes 7 gradually extend from one axial end of the volute 5 to the other axial end of the volute 5. The outer contour of the guide vanes 7 is spiral. The distance between the guide vanes 7 and the inner cavity wall of the volute 5 increases sequentially along the axis of the volute 5, or increases sequentially in the direction away from the exhaust cylinder 6;

[0050] A steam exhaust seat 8 is fixedly connected to one end face of the rear cylinder bearing seat 2 away from the rear cylinder retaining ring 3. The steam exhaust seat 8 communicates with the flue gas discharge hole 12. A connecting pipe 11 is coaxially fixedly connected to one end face of the steam exhaust seat 8. One end of the connecting pipe 11 away from the steam exhaust seat 8 is coaxially fixedly connected to an inlet seat 9. One end of the inlet seat 9 away from the connecting pipe 11 is open. The inlet seat 9 extends into the volute 5. And a plurality of inlet ports 14 are provided on the periphery of the inlet seat 9. The plurality of inlet ports 14 are arranged in an array along the axis of the inlet seat 9. In addition, the inlet seat 9 and the volute 5 are coaxially arranged. A sliding sleeve 13 is coaxially engaged in the inlet seat 9. The sliding sleeve 13 freely slides along the axis of the steam exhaust seat 8 in the inlet seat 9. A plurality of guide plates 10 are fixedly connected to the periphery of the sliding sleeve 13. The guide plates 10 pass through the inlet ports 14 and freely slide. One end of the guide plate 10 passing through the inlet port 14 extends obliquely towards the radially outer side of the inlet seat 9. After the steam enters the exhaust cylinder 6 and then enters the volute 5, the steam flows along the surface of the guide vanes 7, so that the steam flows in different radial directions of the exhaust cylinder 6 can be guided by the guide vanes 7 to converge into a single steam flow with a larger pressure, so that the steam can be quickly discharged from the exhaust cylinder 6;

[0051] A fixed baffle 16 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the steam inlet seat 9. A first through groove 19 is formed in the end face of the fixed baffle 16. The contour of the first through groove 19 is fan-shaped. A flange rotating sleeve 22 is rotatably connected to the end face of the fixed baffle 16 on the side facing away from the exhaust seat 8. A rotating baffle 20 is coaxially and fixedly sleeved on the periphery of the flange rotating sleeve 22. The end face of the rotating baffle 20 is in contact connection with the end face of the fixed baffle 16. A second through groove 24 matching the first through groove 19 is formed in the end face of the rotating baffle 20. A fixed shaft 15 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the inner cavity wall of the sliding sleeve 13. The fixed shaft 15 penetrates through the flange rotating sleeve 22 coaxially and slides freely. Ball bearings 23 are rotatably embedded in the middle hole wall of the flange rotating sleeve 22. A spiral rolling groove 21 for the ball bearings 23 to engage is formed on the periphery of the fixed shaft 15. The ball bearings 23 roll freely in the spiral rolling groove 21. A nut 18 is threadedly sleeved on the end of the fixed shaft 15 that penetrates out of the fixed baffle 16. A spring 17 is wound around the periphery of the fixed shaft 15. The two ends of the spring 17 in the elastic force direction elastically abut against the nut 18 and the fixed baffle 16 respectively. By the elastic abutting force of the spring 17 on the nut 18, the guide plate 10 drives the sliding sleeve 13 to move towards the exhaust seat 8, so that the opening amplitude of the steam inlet 14 by the periphery of the sliding sleeve 13 can be adjusted. When steam generates a thrust on the guide plate 10, the guide plate 10 drives the sliding sleeve 13 to move in the reverse direction, so that the sliding sleeve 13 can drive the fixed shaft 15 to move, and the rotating baffle 20 rotates through the rolling of the ball bearings 23 in the spiral rolling groove 21, so that the overlapping area size of the openings of the first through groove 19 and the second through groove 24 can be adjusted. Furthermore, as the movement amplitude of the guide plate 10 away from the exhaust seat 8 increases (i.e., the steam pressure increases), the overlapping area of the openings of the first through groove 19 and the second through groove 24 increases, so that the pressure difference between the inner cavities of the exhaust seat 8 and the steam inlet seat 9 can be maintained within a certain range. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the rotation angle stroke of the rotating baffle 20 is not greater than 45°, so that there is always an overlapping area at the openings of the first through groove 19 and the second through groove 24, that is, flue gas can always be discharged;

[0052] The working principle of the present invention:

[0053] When the steam turbine is working, steam flows out from the last-stage blades of the steam turbine rotor to the rear cylinder holding ring 3, and then enters the exhaust cylinder 6. Due to the pressure of the steam, the steam will quickly enter the volute 5 and flow along the surface of the guide vane 7, so that the steam can move towards the axis direction of the volute 5. Furthermore, the steam at different positions (radially) in the exhaust cylinder 6 can move towards the axis direction of the volute 5, so that the steam can be roughly converged into a single steam flow, reducing the steam flow loss;

[0054] The steam flow within the volute 5 will exert a thrust on the deflector plate 10, causing the deflector plate 10 to drive the sliding sleeve 13 to move away from the exhaust seat 8. As a result, the central holes of the fixed shaft 15 and the flange rotating sleeve 22 will slide relative to each other. When sliding relative to each other, the balls 23 will roll within the spiral rolling groove 21, causing the flange rotating sleeve 22 to drive the rotating baffle 20 to rotate. Consequently, the overlapping area of the mouths of the first through groove 19 and the second through groove 24 increases. The steam enters the steam inlet 14 along the surface of the deflector plate 10 and then the steam will be discharged from the open side of the steam inlet seat 9. When discharging, due to the steam flow, a slight negative pressure will be generated in the connecting pipe 11 and the inner cavity of the exhaust seat 8, causing the flue gas within the sealing seat 1 to be discharged into the exhaust seat 8 through the flue gas discharge holes 12, then enter the steam inlet seat 9 through the connecting pipe 11, and then be discharged again. Since the open amplitude of the steam inlet 14 is related to the steam pressure, when the steam pressure increases, the open amplitude of the steam inlet 14 increases, so that when the steam pressure increases, the steam pressure within the inner cavities of the steam inlet seat 9 and the exhaust seat 8 still remains within a certain range.

[0055] It should be noted that in this text, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An axial exhaust structure for a small-power and low-grade thermal energy steam turbine, characterized in that, Comprising: Rear cylinder holding ring (3); Exhaust cylinder (6) fixedly connected to one end of the rear cylinder holding ring (3); Rear cylinder bearing seat (2) coaxially and fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the exhaust cylinder (6); Volute (5) coaxially connected to the end of the exhaust cylinder (6) away from the rear cylinder holding ring (3), and a plurality of guide vanes (7) are fixedly connected to the inner cavity wall of the volute (5) in an axial array thereof. The guide vanes (7) gradually extend from one axial end of the volute (5) to the other axial end of the volute (5), and the outer contour of the guide vanes (7) is spiral; A sealing seat (1) is provided on one side end face of the rear cylinder bearing seat (2) facing the rear cylinder holding ring (3); A flue gas discharge hole (12) is opened on one side end face of the rear cylinder bearing seat (2) away from the rear cylinder holding ring (3), and the flue gas discharge hole (12) communicates with the sealing seat (1); A slightly negative pressure exhaust structure is provided on the end face of the rear cylinder bearing seat (2), and the slightly negative pressure exhaust structure is used to generate a negative pressure in the flue gas discharge hole (12); The slightly negative pressure exhaust structure includes an exhaust seat (8) fixedly connected to one side end face of the rear cylinder bearing seat (2) away from the rear cylinder holding ring (3). The exhaust seat (8) communicates with the flue gas discharge hole (12). A connecting pipe (11) is coaxially and fixedly connected to one side end face of the exhaust seat (8). One end of the connecting pipe (11) away from the exhaust seat (8) is coaxially and fixedly connected to an inlet seat (9). One end of the inlet seat (9) away from the connecting pipe (11) is open. The inlet seat (9) extends into the volute (5), and a plurality of inlet ports (14) are opened on the periphery of the inlet seat (9).

2. The axial exhaust structure of the low-power and low-grade heat energy steam turbine according to claim 1, wherein An inspection opening (4) is provided on the outer wall of the exhaust cylinder (6).

3. The axial exhaust structure of the low-power and low-grade heat energy steam turbine according to claim 1, wherein The distance between the guide vanes (7) and the inner cavity wall of the volute (5) increases sequentially along the axial direction of the volute (5).

4. The axial exhaust steam structure of the low-power and low-grade thermal energy steam turbine according to claim 3, characterized in that, A sliding sleeve (13) is coaxially engaged in the inlet seat (9). The sliding sleeve (13) freely slides along the axial direction of the exhaust seat (8) in the inlet seat (9). A plurality of guide plates (10) are fixedly connected to the periphery of the sliding sleeve (13). The guide plates (10) pass through the inlet ports (14) and slide freely.

5. The axial exhaust steam structure of the low-power and low-grade heat energy steam turbine according to claim 4, characterized in that, A pressure regulating component is provided in the steam inlet seat (9). The pressure regulating component includes a fixed baffle (16) coaxially and fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the steam inlet seat (9). A first through groove (19) is formed in the end face of the fixed baffle (16). A flange rotating sleeve (22) is rotatably connected to the end face of the fixed baffle (16) on the side facing away from the exhaust seat (8). A rotating baffle (20) is coaxially and fixedly sleeved on the periphery of the flange rotating sleeve (22). The end face of the rotating baffle (20) is in contact connection with the end face of the fixed baffle (16). A second through groove (24) matching the first through groove (19) is formed in the end face of the rotating baffle (20). A fixed shaft (15) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the inner cavity wall of the sliding sleeve (13). The fixed shaft (15) coaxially penetrates through the flange rotating sleeve (22) and slides freely. A ball (23) is rotatably embedded in the middle hole wall of the flange rotating sleeve (22). A spiral rolling groove (21) for the ball (23) to engage is formed on the periphery of the fixed shaft (15). The ball (23) rolls freely in the spiral rolling groove (21).

6. The axial exhaust structure of the small-power and low-grade heat energy steam turbine according to claim 5, wherein, A nut (18) is threadedly sleeved on the end of the fixed shaft (15) that penetrates out of the fixed baffle (16). A spring (17) is wound around the periphery of the fixed shaft (15). The two ends in the elastic force direction of the spring (17) elastically abut against the nut (18) and the fixed baffle (16) respectively.

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