Lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test circuit and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of special vehicle power generation system design, in particular to a lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test circuit and method, which can test and verify the matching of a power generation system and a lithium battery under various limit boundary conditions and the influence of the lithium battery on the power generation system. And the power distribution between a power supply system composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery and a real vehicle load is verified. According to the matching test circuit, bench test and real vehicle test can be realized, the bench test is mainly used for verifying the matching of the power generation system and the lithium battery under various limit boundary conditions and the influence of the lithium battery on the power generation system; the real vehicle test mainly verifies the power distribution between a power supply system composed of a power generation system and a lithium battery and a real vehicle load. The problem of matching of a 24V series lithium battery and a special vehicle power generation system is solved, the characteristics of a special vehicle power grid meet the requirements of GJB 298-1987, and the power utilization requirement of a real vehicle load is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of design of power generation systems for special vehicles, and in particular to a circuit and method for testing the matching of a lithium battery and a power generation system for a special vehicle. Background Art

[0002] For high-altitude and cold areas, the lead-acid batteries installed in special vehicles have a capacity of only about 50% of the rated capacity at a low temperature of -35℃. If the battery is not maintained in time, it will not only seriously affect the power demand of special vehicles on duty, but also seriously affect the starting of vehicles in high-altitude and cold environments. In order to improve the ability of special vehicles to be on duty in high-altitude and cold working conditions, and at the same time ensure the power supply for low-temperature starting of special vehicles, it is necessary to use batteries with higher energy density and better low-temperature performance to replace lead-acid batteries and improve the mobility of equipment. Through extensive testing, a new type of lithium battery has been studied, which has the characteristics of large capacity, strong low-temperature discharge ability, and light weight. It can replace the lead-acid battery of high-altitude and cold equipment. However, the working voltage range of the new lithium battery replaced is different from that of the original lead-acid battery, and the charging and discharging characteristics are also quite different; therefore, it is necessary to match the 24V lithium battery with the special vehicle power generation system to ensure that the lithium battery replaced in situ can match the original vehicle power generation system, ensure the reliable operation of the special vehicle electrical equipment, and give full play to the performance of the new lithium battery, but the existing matching test method is not applicable. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention proposes a lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test circuit and method, which can test and verify the matching of the power generation system and the lithium battery under various extreme boundary conditions, as well as the impact of the lithium battery on the power generation system, and verify the power distribution of the power system composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery and the actual vehicle load.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0005] A lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test circuit, including a bench test system and a real vehicle test system;

[0006] The bench test system includes a power generation system towing bench, a power generation system, a lithium battery, a main distribution box, a real vehicle simulation load and a test device;

[0007] Among them, the power generation system drag bench is used to simulate the engine; the power generation system is used to operate the engine at a constant speed under special vehicle driving conditions or vehicle stationary conditions, providing a stable power supply for the vehicle's electrical equipment; lithium batteries are used as a new type of energy storage power source to achieve two-way transmission of electric energy; the main distribution box is used to achieve the aggregation of the positive poles of the on-board trunk branches; the real vehicle simulation load is used to simulate the real vehicle load, and has the function of injecting peak voltage and surge voltage; the test equipment is used to test the steady-state voltage of the power grid, as well as the voltage fluctuations of the power grid during sudden addition and unloading;

[0008] The actual vehicle test system includes an engine, a power generation system, a lithium battery, a main distribution box, an actual vehicle load, a simulated load, and a test device; wherein the composition and function of the system engine, power generation system, lithium battery, main distribution box, and test device are the same as those of the bench test system; the engine is the power source of the entire vehicle, providing power for the transmission device and generator of the entire vehicle; the actual vehicle load refers to the electrical equipment of the entire vehicle; and the simulated load is an externally connected resistance load.

[0009] The power generation system consists of a generator and a generator controller. The generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generator controller detects the generator output voltage and adjusts the generator excitation current, thereby achieving voltage stability within the generator speed range and voltage stability within the load range from no-load to rated load.

[0010] The real vehicle simulation load includes a resistance load and an interference signal injection device, wherein the interference signal injection device can inject standard peak voltage and surge power supply voltage signals.

[0011] The present invention also provides a lithium battery and a special vehicle power generation system matching test method, including a bench test method and a real vehicle test method;

[0012] Among them, the specific steps of the bench test method are as follows:

[0013] S11, testing the effect of the capacity of the lithium battery on the generator;

[0014] S12, conducting steady-state characteristic test of the power system composed of lithium battery and power generation system;

[0015] S13, performing a stability test of the power grid when an interference signal is injected;

[0016] The specific steps of the actual vehicle test method are as follows:

[0017] S21, conduct initial power generation performance test of the generator;

[0018] S22, conduct steady-state characteristic test of the actual vehicle;

[0019] S23, perform dynamic characteristics test.

[0020] Wherein, in said S11, testing the influence of the capacity of the lithium battery on the generator comprises the following steps:

[0021] When the capacity of the lithium battery is 35% and 75%, the generator speed is in the range of 1600 rpm to 4900 rpm, the real vehicle simulated load is not working, and the output voltage, excitation voltage and excitation current of the generator and the charging current of the lithium battery are tested; the working state of the generator is judged according to the output voltage and excitation current of the generator; the matching requirement is that the generator's power generation speed is not more than 2000 rpm, when the generator output voltage ≥ the lithium battery voltage, and the SOC of the lithium battery ≤95%, the lithium battery should have a charging current; when the capacity of the lithium battery is 100%, the test method is the same as when the capacity of the lithium battery is 35% and 75%, and the matching requirement is that the generator's power generation speed is not more than 2000 rpm.

[0022] Among them, in said S12, the steady-state characteristic test of the power system composed of the lithium battery and the power generation system is performed, including the following steps:

[0023] The no-load steady-state characteristic test is conducted at the generator speed of 2000 rpm and 4000 rpm respectively. Specifically, the generator speed is adjusted to 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm or 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm, the generator is connected in parallel with the lithium battery, the real vehicle simulated load is not working, and the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery are tested; the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery shall meet the requirements of GJB298-1987.

[0024] The steady-state characteristic test of rated load is carried out at generator speeds of 4000 rpm and 4400 rpm respectively. Specifically, the generator speed is adjusted to 4000 rpm±100 rpm or 4400 rpm±100 rpm, the generator and lithium battery are connected in parallel, and the real vehicle simulated load control contactor is turned on. The real vehicle simulated load is loaded to the rated power of the generator, and the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the power generation system and lithium batteries are tested; the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the power generation system and lithium batteries shall meet the requirements of GJB298-1987.

[0025] Wherein, in said S13, the stability test of the power grid when the interference signal is injected includes the following steps:

[0026] The generator speed is adjusted to 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm, the generator is connected in parallel with the lithium battery, the SOC of the lithium battery is ≤ 85%, and a resistance load of 2kW is used as a simulated load of a real vehicle; then the interference injection device in the simulated load of the real vehicle outputs a spike pulse voltage amplitude of 250V, a rise time of 50ns, a vibration frequency greater than 100kHz to 500kHz, and a spike energy of 15mJ. The pulse is applied 20 times, and the interval between each spike voltage injection is 120s; matching requires that the power generation system and the lithium battery can work normally;

[0027] The generator speed is adjusted to 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm, the generator is connected in parallel with the lithium battery, the SOC of the lithium battery is ≤ 85%, and the resistance load in the real vehicle simulation load is used to load 2kW; then the interference injection device in the real vehicle simulation load outputs a surge voltage amplitude of 40V, the duration is 50ms, and the application time each time is 1s; a total of 5 surge voltage injections are performed, with an interval of 120s each; matching requirements require that the power generation system and the lithium battery can work normally.

[0028] Wherein, in said S21, the initial power generation performance test of the generator is performed, comprising the following steps:

[0029] When the SOC of the lithium battery is ≤35%, the SOC of the lithium battery is ≤75%, and the SOC of the lithium battery is 100%, start the actual vehicle and increase the engine speed from 800 rpm to 2000 rpm. The load is the load of the actual vehicle driving condition, and the simulated load does not intervene. Test the output voltage, excitation voltage and excitation current of the generator and the charging current of the lithium battery. Judge the working state of the generator based on the output voltage and excitation current of the generator. Match the requirement that the generator's power generation speed is not greater than 2000 rpm.

[0030] In the step S22, a steady-state characteristic test of a real vehicle is performed, including the following steps:

[0031] Conduct steady-state characteristic test of actual vehicle driving conditions, start the actual vehicle, increase the engine speed from 800 rpm to 2300 rpm, the load is the actual vehicle load of the actual vehicle driving conditions, and the simulated load is not involved; test the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid; matching requirements: the steady-state voltage of the generator should be within the range of 25V to 30V, and the ripple voltage should be within the range of ±2V;

[0032] Conduct a steady-state characteristic test of the maximum load condition of the actual vehicle, start the actual vehicle, stabilize the engine speed at 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm, then turn on all the actual vehicle loads, and rotate the rotating electrical equipment at least 720° or work for 1 minute; the simulated load is not involved; test the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid; matching requirements: the steady-state voltage of the generator should be within the range of 25V to 30V, and the ripple voltage should be within the range of ±2V.

[0033] Wherein, in said S23, the dynamic characteristic test is performed, comprising the following steps:

[0034] Conduct a spike pulse voltage test, start the vehicle, stabilize the engine speed at 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm, and then rotate the turret by electric drive; test the dynamic fluctuation range of the grid voltage; match the requirements that the dynamic fluctuation range of the actual vehicle grid voltage should meet the requirements of GJB 298-1987;

[0035] To conduct a surge voltage test, start the vehicle and stabilize the engine speed at 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm. First, test whether the actual vehicle load reaches 10% of the rated current of the generator. If not, load it to 10% through a simulated load. Then, test the dynamic fluctuation range of the grid voltage by simulating a sudden increase in load to 85% and then decreasing from 85% to 10%. The dynamic fluctuation range of the actual vehicle grid voltage must meet the requirements of GJB 298-1987.

[0036] Beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. The matching test circuit of the present invention can realize bench test and real vehicle test. The bench test mainly tests and verifies the matching of the power generation system and the lithium battery under various extreme boundary conditions, as well as the influence of the lithium battery on the power generation system; the real vehicle test mainly verifies the power distribution performance of the power system composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery and the real vehicle load; solves the problem of matching the 24V series lithium battery with the special vehicle power generation system, makes the special vehicle power grid characteristics meet the requirements of GJB 298-1987, and meets the power demand of the real vehicle load.

[0038] 2. The circuit of the present invention realizes that after the 24V series lithium battery replaces the lead-acid battery of the special vehicle, the performance of the power system of the special vehicle is not affected, and the normal operation of the electrical equipment of the special vehicle is not affected.

[0039] 3. The matching test method of the present invention is implemented based on the circuit of the present invention, which can ensure that the lithium battery replaced in situ can match the original vehicle power generation system, ensure the reliable operation of the special vehicle electrical equipment, and can give full play to the performance of the new lithium battery.

[0040] 4. The method of the present invention includes a bench test method and a real vehicle test method; the bench test method mainly tests and verifies the matching of the power generation system and the lithium battery under various extreme boundary conditions, as well as the influence of the lithium battery on the power generation system; the real vehicle test method mainly verifies the power distribution performance of the power system composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery and the real vehicle load.

[0041] 5. The matching test method of the present invention can realize bench test and actual vehicle test. The bench test mainly tests and verifies the matching of the power generation system and the lithium battery under various extreme boundary conditions, as well as the influence of the lithium battery on the power generation system; the actual vehicle test mainly verifies the power distribution performance of the power system composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery and the actual vehicle load; solves the problem of matching the 24V series lithium battery with the special vehicle power generation system, makes the special vehicle power grid characteristics meet the requirements of GJB 298-1987, and meets the power demand of the actual vehicle load.

[0042] 6. The test method of the present invention realizes that after the 24V series lithium battery replaces the lead-acid battery of the special vehicle, it does not affect the performance of the power system of the special vehicle, and does not affect the normal operation of the electrical equipment of the special vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a bench test in a matching test of a 24V series lithium battery and a special vehicle power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a real vehicle test in a matching test between a 24V series lithium battery and a special vehicle power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0046] The invention discloses a lithium battery and a special vehicle power generation system matching test circuit, comprising a bench test system and a real vehicle test system.

[0047] Specifically, the bench test circuit in the matching test is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the bench test system includes a power generation system towing bench, a power generation system, a lithium battery, a main distribution box, a real vehicle simulation load and test equipment.

[0048] The power generation system dragging test bench is used to simulate the engine, drag the generator to rotate, and the rated power of the dragging is not less than 5 times the rated power of the generator.

[0049] The power generation system is used to operate the engine at a constant speed when the special vehicle is driving or the vehicle is stationary, so as to provide a stable power supply for the electrical equipment of the whole vehicle; the power generation system is composed of a generator and a generator controller. The generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generator controller detects the output voltage of the generator and adjusts the excitation current of the generator, so as to achieve voltage stability within the speed range of the generator and voltage stability within the load range from no-load to rated load.

[0050] As a new type of energy storage power source, lithium battery realizes bidirectional transmission of electric energy.

[0051] The main distribution box is used to aggregate the positive poles of the vehicle trunk branches.

[0052] The real vehicle simulation load is used to simulate the real vehicle load and has the function of injecting peak voltage and surge voltage. The real vehicle simulation load includes a resistance load and an interference signal injection device. Among them, the interference signal injection device can inject standard peak voltage and surge power supply voltage signals.

[0053] The test equipment is used to test the steady-state voltage of the power grid, as well as the voltage fluctuation of the power grid during sudden addition or removal. It can reflect the change of the power grid voltage.

[0054] Specifically, the actual vehicle test circuit in the matching test is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the actual vehicle test system includes an engine, a power generation system, a lithium battery, a main distribution box, an actual vehicle load, a simulated load, and a test device.

[0055] Among them, the composition and functions of the system engine, power generation system, lithium battery, main distribution box, and test equipment are the same as those of the bench test system; the engine is the power source of the whole vehicle, providing power for the vehicle's transmission device and generator; the actual vehicle load refers to the electrical equipment of the whole vehicle; the simulated load is an external resistive load.

[0056] Based on the lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test circuit of the present invention, the present invention also proposes a lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test method, including a bench test method and a real vehicle test method.

[0057] Among them, the specific steps of the bench test method are as follows:

[0058] S11, testing the effect of the capacity of the lithium battery on the generator, including the following steps:

[0059] When the capacity of the lithium battery is 35% and 75%, the generator speed is in the range of 1600 rpm to 4900 rpm, the real vehicle simulation load is not working (the real vehicle simulation load control contactor is in the disconnected state), and the output voltage, excitation voltage and excitation current of the generator and the charging current of the lithium battery are tested. According to the output voltage and excitation current of the generator, the working state of the generator is judged. The matching requires that the generator's power generation speed is not greater than 2000 rpm. When the generator output voltage ≥ lithium battery voltage, and the SOC of the lithium battery ≤ 95%, the lithium battery should have a charging current. When the capacity of the lithium battery is 100%, the test method is the same as when the capacity of the lithium battery is 35% and 75%. The matching requires that the generator's power generation speed is not greater than 2000 rpm.

[0060] S12, conducting a steady-state characteristic test of a power system composed of a lithium battery and a power generation system, including the following steps:

[0061] The no-load steady-state characteristic test is conducted at generator speeds of 2000 rpm and 4000 rpm, respectively. Specifically, the generator speed is adjusted to 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm or 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm, the generator is connected in parallel with the lithium battery, the real vehicle simulated load is not working (the real vehicle simulated load control contactor is in the disconnected state), and the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery are tested. Matching requirements The steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery should meet the requirements of GJB298-1987;

[0062] The steady-state characteristic test of rated load is conducted at generator speed of 4000 rpm and 4400 rpm respectively. Specifically, the generator speed is adjusted to 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm or 4400 rpm ± 100 rpm, the generator and lithium battery are connected in parallel, and the real vehicle simulated load control contactor is turned on. The real vehicle simulated load is loaded to the rated power of the generator to test the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the power generation system and lithium batteries. The steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the power generation system and lithium batteries should meet the requirements of GJB298-1987.

[0063] S13, performing a stability test of the power grid when the interference signal is injected, comprising the following steps:

[0064] Adjust the generator speed to 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm, connect the generator and lithium battery in parallel, the SOC of the lithium battery is ≤ 85%, and use the resistance load of the real vehicle simulation load to load 2kW; then the interference injection device in the real vehicle simulation load outputs a spike pulse voltage amplitude of 250V, a rise time of 50ns, a vibration frequency greater than 100kHz ~ 500kHz, and a spike energy of 15mJ. The pulse is applied 20 times, and the interval between each spike voltage injection is 120s. Matching requires that both the power generation system and the lithium battery can work normally.

[0065] Adjust the generator speed to 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm, connect the generator and lithium battery in parallel, the SOC of the lithium battery is ≤ 85%, and use the resistance load in the real vehicle simulation load to load 2kW. Then the interference injection device in the real vehicle simulation load outputs a surge voltage amplitude of 40V, the duration is 50ms, and the application time is 1s each time. A total of 5 surge voltage injections are performed, each with an interval of 120s. Matching requires that both the power generation system and the lithium battery can work normally.

[0066] The specific steps of the actual vehicle test method are as follows:

[0067] S21, performing an initial generator power generation performance test (the generator speed is twice the engine speed), including the following steps:

[0068] When the SOC of the lithium battery is ≤35%, the SOC of the lithium battery is ≤75%, and the SOC of the lithium battery is 100%, start the actual vehicle and increase the engine speed from 800 rpm to 2000 rpm. The load is the load of the actual vehicle driving condition, and the simulated load is not involved. Test the output voltage, excitation voltage and excitation current of the generator and the charging current of the lithium battery. According to the output voltage and excitation current of the generator, judge the working state of the generator. Matching requires that the generator speed is not greater than 2000 rpm.

[0069] S22, conducting a real vehicle steady-state characteristic test, including the following steps:

[0070] Conduct a steady-state characteristic test of the actual vehicle driving condition, start the actual vehicle, increase the engine speed from 800 rpm to 2300 rpm, the load is the actual vehicle load of the actual vehicle driving condition, and the simulated load is not involved. Test the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid. Matching requirements: the steady-state voltage of the generator should be within the range of 25V to 30V, and the ripple voltage should be within the range of ±2V.

[0071] Conduct a steady-state characteristic test of the maximum load condition of the actual vehicle, start the actual vehicle, stabilize the engine speed at 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm, then turn on all the actual vehicle loads, and rotate the rotating electrical equipment at least 720° or work for 1 minute; the simulated load is not involved. Test the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid. Matching requirements: the steady-state voltage of the generator should be within the range of 25V to 30V, and the ripple voltage should be within the range of ±2V.

[0072] S23, performing a dynamic characteristic test, including the following steps:

[0073] Conduct a spike pulse voltage test, start the vehicle, stabilize the engine speed at 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm, and then use electric drive to rotate the turret at high speed. Test the dynamic fluctuation range of the grid voltage. Matching requirements The dynamic fluctuation range of the actual vehicle grid voltage should meet the requirements of GJB 298-1987.

[0074] To conduct surge voltage test, start the vehicle and stabilize the engine speed at 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm. First test whether the actual vehicle load reaches 10% of the rated current of the generator. If not, load it to 10% through simulated load. Then, increase the simulated load to 85%. Then reduce it from 85% to 10%. Test the dynamic fluctuation range of the grid voltage. Matching requirements The dynamic fluctuation range of the actual vehicle grid voltage should meet the requirements of GJB 298-1987.

[0075] In summary, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test circuit, characterized in that: Including bench test system and real vehicle test system; The bench test system includes a power generation system towing bench, a power generation system, a lithium battery, a main distribution box, a real vehicle simulation load and a test device; Among them, the power generation system drag bench is used to simulate the engine; the power generation system is used to operate the engine at a constant speed under special vehicle driving conditions or vehicle stationary conditions, providing a stable power supply for the vehicle's electrical equipment; lithium batteries are used as a new type of energy storage power source to achieve two-way transmission of electric energy; the main distribution box is used to achieve the aggregation of the positive poles of the on-board trunk branches; the real vehicle simulation load is used to simulate the real vehicle load, and has the function of injecting peak voltage and surge voltage; the test equipment is used to test the steady-state voltage of the power grid, as well as the voltage fluctuations of the power grid during sudden addition and unloading; The actual vehicle test system includes an engine, a power generation system, a lithium battery, a main distribution box, an actual vehicle load, a simulated load, and a test device; wherein the composition and function of the system engine, power generation system, lithium battery, main distribution box, and test device are the same as those of the bench test system; the engine is the power source of the entire vehicle, providing power for the transmission device and generator of the entire vehicle; the actual vehicle load refers to the electrical equipment of the entire vehicle; and the simulated load is an externally connected resistance load.

2. The lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power generation system consists of a generator and a generator controller. The generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generator controller detects the generator output voltage and adjusts the generator excitation current, thereby achieving voltage stability within the generator speed range and voltage stability within the load range from no-load to rated load.

3. The lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test circuit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The real vehicle simulation load includes a resistance load and an interference signal injection device, wherein the interference signal injection device can inject standard peak voltage and surge power supply voltage signals.

4. A lithium battery and a special vehicle power generation system matching test method, characterized in that: Including bench test methods and real vehicle test methods; Among them, the specific steps of the bench test method are as follows: S11, testing the effect of the capacity of the lithium battery on the generator; S12, conducting steady-state characteristic test of the power system composed of lithium battery and power generation system; S13, performing a stability test of the power grid when an interference signal is injected; The specific steps of the actual vehicle test method are as follows: S21, conduct initial power generation performance test of the generator; S22, conduct steady-state characteristic test of the actual vehicle; S23, perform dynamic characteristics test.

5. The lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S11, the test of the influence of the capacity of the lithium battery on the generator is performed, including the following steps: When the capacity of the lithium battery is 35% and 75%, the generator speed is in the range of 1600 rpm to 4900 rpm, the real vehicle simulated load is not working, and the output voltage, excitation voltage and excitation current of the generator and the charging current of the lithium battery are tested; the working state of the generator is judged according to the output voltage and excitation current of the generator; the matching requirement is that the generator's power generation speed is not more than 2000 rpm, when the generator output voltage ≥ the lithium battery voltage, and the SOC of the lithium battery ≤95%, the lithium battery should have a charging current; when the capacity of the lithium battery is 100%, the test method is the same as when the capacity of the lithium battery is 35% and 75%, and the matching requirement is that the generator's power generation speed is not more than 2000 rpm.

6. The lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: In S12, a steady-state characteristic test of a power system composed of a lithium battery and a power generation system is performed, including the following steps: The no-load steady-state characteristic test is conducted at the generator speed of 2000 rpm and 4000 rpm respectively. Specifically, the generator speed is adjusted to 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm or 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm, the generator is connected in parallel with the lithium battery, the real vehicle simulated load is not working, and the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery are tested; the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the power generation system and the lithium battery shall meet the requirements of GJB298-1987. The steady-state characteristic test of rated load is carried out at generator speeds of 4000 rpm and 4400 rpm respectively. Specifically, the generator speed is adjusted to 4000 rpm±100 rpm or 4400 rpm±100 rpm, the generator and lithium battery are connected in parallel, and the real vehicle simulated load control contactor is turned on. The real vehicle simulated load is loaded to the rated power of the generator, and the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the power generation system and lithium batteries are tested; the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid composed of the power generation system and lithium batteries shall meet the requirements of GJB298-1987.

7. The lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S13, the stability test of the power grid when the interference signal is injected is performed, including the following steps: The generator speed is adjusted to 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm, the generator is connected in parallel with the lithium battery, the SOC of the lithium battery is ≤ 85%, and a resistance load of 2kW is used as a simulated load of a real vehicle; then the interference injection device in the simulated load of the real vehicle outputs a spike pulse voltage amplitude of 250V, a rise time of 50ns, a vibration frequency greater than 100kHz to 500kHz, and a spike energy of 15mJ. The pulse is applied 20 times, and the interval between each spike voltage injection is 120s; matching requires that the power generation system and the lithium battery can work normally; The generator speed is adjusted to 4000 rpm ± 100 rpm, the generator is connected in parallel with the lithium battery, the SOC of the lithium battery is ≤ 85%, and the resistance load in the real vehicle simulation load is used to load 2kW; then the interference injection device in the real vehicle simulation load outputs a surge voltage amplitude of 40V, the duration is 50ms, and the application time each time is 1s; a total of 5 surge voltage injections are performed, with an interval of 120s each; matching requirements require that the power generation system and the lithium battery can work normally.

8. The lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S21, the initial power generation performance test of the generator is performed, including the following steps: When the SOC of the lithium battery is ≤35%, the SOC of the lithium battery is ≤75%, and the SOC of the lithium battery is 100%, respectively, the actual vehicle is started, and the engine speed is increased from 800 rpm to 2000 rpm. The load is the load of the actual vehicle driving condition, and the simulated load is not involved; the output voltage, excitation voltage and excitation current of the generator and the charging current of the lithium battery are tested; according to the output voltage and excitation current of the generator, the working state of the generator is judged; The matching requirement is that the generator speed should not exceed 2000 rpm.

9. The lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test method according to claim 4 or 8, characterized in that: In S22, a real vehicle steady-state characteristic test is performed, including the following steps: Conduct steady-state characteristic test of actual vehicle driving conditions, start the actual vehicle, increase the engine speed from 800 rpm to 2300 rpm, the load is the actual vehicle load of the actual vehicle driving conditions, and the simulated load is not involved; test the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid; matching requirements: the steady-state voltage of the generator should be within the range of 25V to 30V, and the ripple voltage should be within the range of ±2V; Conduct a steady-state characteristic test of the maximum load condition of the actual vehicle, start the actual vehicle, stabilize the engine speed at 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm, then turn on all the actual vehicle loads, and rotate the rotating electrical equipment at least 720° or work for 1 minute; the simulated load is not involved; test the steady-state voltage and ripple voltage of the power grid; matching requirements: the steady-state voltage of the generator should be within the range of 25V to 30V, and the ripple voltage should be within the range of ±2V.

10. The lithium battery and special vehicle power generation system matching test method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In S23, a dynamic characteristic test is performed, including the following steps: Conduct a spike pulse voltage test, start the vehicle, stabilize the engine speed at 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm, and then rotate the turret by electric drive; test the dynamic fluctuation range of the grid voltage; match the requirements that the dynamic fluctuation range of the actual vehicle grid voltage should meet the requirements of GJB 298-1987; To conduct a surge voltage test, start the vehicle and stabilize the engine speed at 2000 rpm ± 100 rpm. First, test whether the actual vehicle load reaches 10% of the rated current of the generator. If not, load it to 10% through a simulated load. Then, test the dynamic fluctuation range of the grid voltage by simulating a sudden increase in load to 85% and then decreasing from 85% to 10%. The dynamic fluctuation range of the actual vehicle grid voltage must meet the requirements of GJB 298-1987.

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