Method and system for designing open-pit blasting parameters based on blasting funnel test

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of mining engineering technology, specifically to a method and system for guiding open-pit blasting parameter design based on a blasting funnel test, the method comprising: based on a first test, receiving first data obtained from the drone through three-dimensional laser scanning; constructing a relationship fitting model based on the first data; obtaining the center burial depth range and the optimal center burial depth of the explosive through the relationship fitting model; based on a second test of the optimal center burial depth, receiving second data obtained from the drone through three-dimensional laser scanning, and obtaining the hole spacing range of the explosive based on the second data; guiding the blasting parameter design of open-pit production blasting operations based on the center burial depth range of the explosive and the hole spacing range of the explosive. The present invention solves the problems of large workload in manually collecting blasting funnel data and large errors in collecting blasting funnel data, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of blasting work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering, in particular to a method and system for designing open-pit blasting parameters based on a blasting funnel test. Background Art

[0002] Technical Background: Blasting funnel theory is a fundamental theory in rock and soil blasting. Conducting a series of blasting funnel experiments at blasting sites reveals the relationship between explosives and rock, enabling the optimization of hole pattern parameters and explosive consumption. In blasting funnel experiments, the volume of the blasting funnel is the most critical parameter. Accurately measuring the funnel volume directly impacts the reliability of the experiment and the design of subsequent blasting operations. Currently, through extensive engineering practice, traditional methods for calculating blasting funnels have been developed, including the parabola method, the weight method, the benchmark positioning method, and the water measurement method. However, objectively, these methods either require a high workload due to the volume of data collected or inherently contain unavoidable systematic errors, resulting in low efficiency and accuracy in volume calculation. Subjectively, different surveyors have varying principles for measuring accuracy and their trade-offs for data error and accuracy, resulting in low volume calculation accuracy. Secondly, after obtaining the relevant test data from a series of blasting funnels, manual calculation and analysis are required to determine the optimal blasthole spacing and resistance line range under the test conditions. Therefore, more scientific and efficient methods are urgently needed to optimize existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the defects in the existing technology and the shortcomings in practical applications, I invented a method and system for guiding open-pit blasting parameter design based on blasting funnel tests, which solves the problems of large workload in manually collecting blasting funnel data and large errors in manual collection of blasting funnel data in related technologies.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, one aspect of the present invention provides a method for guiding open-pit blasting parameter design based on a blasting funnel test, the method comprising: based on a first test, receiving first data obtained from the UAV through three-dimensional laser scanning; constructing a relationship fitting model according to the first data; obtaining the center burial depth range and the optimal center burial depth of the explosive through the relationship fitting model; based on a second test of the optimal center burial depth, receiving second data obtained from the UAV through three-dimensional laser scanning, and obtaining the hole spacing range of the explosive according to the second data; guiding the blasting parameter design of open-pit production blasting operations according to the center burial depth range of the explosive and the hole spacing range of the explosive.

[0005] This method acquires data by scanning the blasting funnel with a drone, avoiding errors associated with manual data collection and improving the accuracy and efficiency of the data. A relationship fitting model is constructed for the blasting funnel data, using a more scientific method to calculate the center burial depth range and the optimal center burial depth. A second test is then conducted based on the optimal center burial depth to determine the hole spacing range. This provides reliable data support for subsequent blasting projects, as well as automated data collection and processing, improving the efficiency of blasting tests.

[0006] Optionally, constructing a relationship fitting model based on the first data includes: the first data includes a blasting funnel radius, a blasting funnel depth and a blasting funnel volume; receiving explosive charge, explosive line charge density and explosive center burial depth input by a user; using a regression analysis method to obtain a critical center burial depth for the explosive center burial depth and the blasting funnel volume, and calculating a unit explosive blasting funnel volume based on the explosive charge and the blasting funnel volume; obtaining an explosive center burial depth ratio based on the critical center burial depth and the explosive center burial depth; and constructing the relationship fitting models of the explosive center burial depth ratio and the unit explosive blasting funnel volume, the blasting funnel radius and the blasting funnel depth respectively.

[0007] The present invention respectively constructs the relationship fitting models between the explosive center burial depth ratio and the unit explosive blasting funnel volume, the blasting funnel radius and the blasting funnel depth, and constructs an accurate model through limited blasting funnel data through a scientific analysis method to achieve accurate prediction, reduce the amount of required blasting funnel data, and reduce the cost of blasting tests.

[0008] Optionally, the critical center burial depth is obtained by using a regression analysis method for the center burial depth of the explosive and the blasting funnel volume, including: constructing a regression model based on the center burial depth of the explosive and the blasting funnel volume; using the regression model to solve the center burial depth of the explosive corresponding to when the blasting funnel volume is zero, to obtain the critical center burial depth.

[0009] The present invention adopts the regression analysis method to effectively construct a regression model with only a small amount of explosive center burial depth and blasting funnel volume data, thereby reducing the basic amount of blasting funnel-related data, lowering the cost of blasting tests, and also providing important data support for subsequent data processing.

[0010] Optionally, the relationship fitting models of the explosive center burial depth ratio and the unit explosive blasting funnel volume, the blasting funnel radius, and the blasting funnel depth respectively satisfy the following formulas:

[0011]

[0012] in, is the volume of the unit explosive blasting funnel, is the volume of the blasting funnel, is the charge value, is the depth ratio of the explosive center, 、 、 、 、 and are the correlation fitting coefficients, is the blasting funnel radius value, is the blasting funnel depth value.

[0013] The present invention fits the relationship between data to the greatest extent through the relationship fitting model, thereby improving the accuracy of prediction, and the formula structure is simple and easy to calculate.

[0014] Optionally, obtaining the center burial depth range and the optimal center burial depth of the explosive through the relationship fitting model includes: obtaining the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum unit blasting funnel volume, the maximum blasting funnel radius and the maximum blasting funnel depth respectively through the relationship fitting model; calculating the elastic deformation coefficient using the critical center burial depth and the explosive line charging density; obtaining the center burial depth range of the explosive according to the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio, the elastic deformation coefficient and the explosive line charging density; obtaining the optimal center burial depth of the explosive through the optimal explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum unit blasting funnel volume, the elastic deformation coefficient and the explosive line charging density.

[0015] By solving the relationship fitting model, the present invention can accurately predict the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum unit blasting funnel volume, the maximum blasting funnel radius and the maximum blasting funnel depth, and calculate the center burial depth range and the optimal center burial depth through the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio, thereby improving the calculation efficiency and increasing the reliability of the prediction data through scientific prediction.

[0016] Optionally, obtaining the center burial depth range of the explosive according to the maximum center burial depth ratio of the explosive, the elastic deformation coefficient and the explosive line charging density includes: calculating the maximum center burial depth of the explosive corresponding to the maximum unit blasting funnel volume, the maximum blasting funnel radius and the maximum blasting funnel depth respectively according to the maximum center burial depth ratio of the explosive, the elastic deformation coefficient and the explosive line charging density; finding the maximum and minimum values ​​of the maximum center burial depth of the explosive, and using the maximum and minimum values ​​as the center burial depth range of the explosive.

[0017] The present invention determines the center burial depth range by respectively corresponding to the maximum unit blasting funnel volume, the maximum blasting funnel radius and the maximum blasting funnel depth, thereby increasing the applicability of data.

[0018] Optionally, the optimal center burial depth satisfies the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] in, is the critical depth of the cylindrical charge, in units of , is the elastic deformation coefficient, in units of , is the charge density of the cylindrical package, in units of , is the optimal center burial depth of columnar explosives, in units of , is the optimal center burial depth ratio of explosives. This formula is simple in structure and easy to calculate.

[0021] Optionally, the method for guiding open-pit blasting parameter design based on a blasting funnel test further includes: evaluating an effect of the first test based on the first data, and evaluating an effect of the second test based on the second data.

[0022] The present invention evaluates the test results by scanning data, which can effectively exclude obvious abnormal data and improve the accuracy of the test data as a whole.

[0023] Optionally, evaluating the effect of the first test based on the first data, and evaluating the effect of the second test based on the second data, includes: receiving a first test three-dimensional model generated by the drone based on the first data and a second test three-dimensional model generated based on the second data; evaluating the effect of the first test based on the first test three-dimensional model, and evaluating the effect of the second test based on the second test three-dimensional model.

[0024] The present invention constructs a three-dimensional model to intuitively reflect the characteristic data of the blasting funnel, thereby improving the efficiency and precision of the evaluation test, further increasing the accuracy of the test data, and at the same time enhancing the overall applicability and practical application capabilities of the present invention.

[0025] Another aspect of the present invention provides a system for guiding open-pit blasting parameter design based on blasting funnel test, the system comprising: a processor, an input device, an output device and a memory, the processor, the input device, the output device and the memory being interconnected, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, the computer program comprising program instructions, the processor being configured to call the program instructions and execute a method for guiding open-pit blasting parameter design based on blasting funnel test as described in any one of the previous aspects of the present invention.

[0026] The system for designing open-air blasting parameters based on blasting funnel tests of the present invention has a compact structure, stable performance, high integration and simple composition. It can stably execute the method for designing open-air blasting parameters based on blasting funnel tests provided in the previous aspect of the present invention, further improving the overall applicability and practical application capabilities of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for designing open-pit blasting parameters based on a blasting funnel test according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a system for guiding open-pit blasting parameter design based on a blasting funnel test according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of device interaction for a method for designing open-pit blasting parameters based on a blasting funnel test according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a relationship diagram of a relationship fitting model for guiding open-pit blasting parameter design method based on a blasting funnel test according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. It should be noted that the embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the present invention. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that these specific details are not necessarily required to practice the present invention. In other instances, well-known circuits, software, or methods are not specifically described to avoid obscuring the present invention.

[0032] Throughout this specification, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable combinations and / or subcombinations in one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the figures provided herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0033] See Figure 1 In order to solve the problems of heavy workload in manually collecting blasting funnel data and large errors in manual data collection in related technologies, in the blasting funnel test, the manual data collection of the blasting funnel is replaced with automatic data collection by drones, and the automatic calculation of the best installation position of the explosives is realized. At the same time, the drone establishes a three-dimensional model based on the blasting funnel test data, which is convenient for users to directly observe the effect of the blasting funnel test.

[0034] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for designing open-pit blasting parameters based on a blasting funnel test according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 The method shown includes the following steps.

[0035] Step S1: Based on a first experiment, first data obtained from the UAV through three-dimensional laser scanning is received.

[0036] In this implementation, the first experiment was a single-hole variable-depth blasting funnel test. Five blast holes with different depths ranging from 1.7 meters to 2.5 meters were excavated at the test site. The blast hole diameter was 0.25 meters. Emulsion explosive rolls with a smaller critical diameter (Φ32mm) were used for charging. In order to form a columnar charge, several rolls of Φ32mm emulsion explosive rolls were placed in a DN50PVC pipe before the test, and a digital electronic detonator was used to insert the emulsion explosive roll at the bottom. After the columnar charge was made, it was placed in the blast hole and fixed in the middle of the blast hole. Finally, it was filled with gun mud. Each blast hole was 5 meters apart and arranged in a straight line. 1.5KG of explosives were filled in the blast hole. The test began and blasted hole by hole. After the test, the broken rocks in the blasting funnel and the pumice around the blasting funnel were cleaned. Figure 3 As shown, the drone 100 is flown to the designated test area, and the area is photographed and scanned using the three-dimensional laser scanner carried by the drone body. At this time, the processor 120 carried by the body automatically identifies the blasting funnel and numbers the blasting funnel. The remote terminal 130 maintains a communication connection with the processor 120, and the processor 120 transmits data information in real time.

[0037] After calibration and numbering are complete, remote terminal 130 and drone 100 divide the work to calculate the characteristic parameters of the blasting hoppers. Drone 100 flies to a position 0.5m above each blasting hopper in order of numbering. Its onboard 3D laser scanner 110 performs a full-scale scan of the blasting hopper, acquiring the first data. After scanning a blasting hopper, the drone automatically flies to the next hopper and continues scanning until all hoppers are scanned. The processor updates the data to the terminal in real time and generates a mission report. Upon completion, the drone automatically returns to its home position.

[0038] It should be noted that in the single-hole variable-depth blasting funnel test, data such as the depth, diameter, number of blastholes and the amount of explosives used are not fixed. These data are an embodiment of the present invention and can be adjusted accordingly according to different actual conditions.

[0039] In an optional embodiment, the specific data of the task report is shown in Table 1 below:

[0040] Table SEQ Table\* ARABIC 1 Single Hole Variable Depth Blasting Funnel Test Parameters

[0041]

[0042] A blasting funnel is a funnel-shaped pit formed near the free surface (or free surface) when explosives explode in a medium such as rock or soil during blasting. The free surface is the interface between the blasted medium and air or water, and it is a key boundary condition for the release of blasting energy.

[0043] The 3D laser scanner itself includes components such as a laser transmitter, a receiver, a time counter, a motor-controlled rotatable filter, a control circuit board, a microcomputer, a CCD machine, and software. Its working principle is mainly to use the principle of laser ranging to record the 3D coordinates, reflectivity, texture and other information of a large number of dense points on the surface of the measured object to reconstruct the 3D model of the measured target and various drawing data such as lines, surfaces, and bodies.

[0044] The 3D laser scanner uses 3D laser scanning, which is a method of measuring through high-speed laser scanning. It is a technology that quickly obtains the 3D coordinate data of the surface of the measured object over a large area and with high resolution. It breaks through the traditional single-point measurement method and has the unique advantages of high efficiency and high precision.

[0045] While traditional measurement methods often take seconds or even minutes to measure a single point, 3D laser scanners can measure thousands or even millions of points per second, acquiring a large amount of spatial position information in a short period of time. This significantly improves data acquisition efficiency and saves time and labor costs. Furthermore, this technology can precisely measure an object's surface's 3D coordinates, reflectivity, and texture, with millimeter-level accuracy or even higher. This provides an accurate and reliable foundation for subsequent data analysis and model reconstruction, better restoring the object's true form.

[0046] In an optional embodiment, the equipment required for the single-hole variable-depth blasting funnel test includes a down-the-hole drill. This drill utilizes an impactor submerged in the hole to generate impact energy, breaking rock and achieving high drilling efficiency. Furthermore, the down-the-hole drill can precisely control the drilling depth and, by adjusting drilling parameters, can meet different hole depth requirements.

[0047] Step S2: constructing a relationship fitting model based on the first data.

[0048] The step of constructing a relationship fitting model based on the first data specifically includes the following sub-steps:

[0049] Step S201: the first data includes the blasting funnel radius, the blasting funnel depth and the blasting funnel volume.

[0050] In this embodiment, the first data obtained by the drone through three-dimensional laser scanning includes the funnel radius, blasting funnel depth and blasting funnel volume, wherein the blasting funnel radius, blasting funnel depth and blasting funnel volume are calculated by the processor onboard the drone based on the scanned data.

[0051] In an optional embodiment, the specific parameters of the blasting funnel radius, blasting funnel depth and blasting funnel volume are shown in Table 2 below:

[0052] Table SEQ Table\* ARABIC 2 Single Hole Variable Depth Blasting Funnel Test Funnel Characteristic Parameters

[0053]

[0054] Step S202: receiving the explosive charge quantity, explosive line charge density and explosive center burial depth input by the user.

[0055] In this embodiment, explosives data used in a single-hole variable-depth blasting funnel test is manually input into a terminal to provide reliable data support for subsequent test calculations. It should be noted that manual data input in this embodiment is merely an optional condition of the present invention and does not limit the invention. In one or more embodiments, data can also be automatically imported into the terminal.

[0056] Calculation of explosive charge is primarily based on similarity theory and empirical formulas. Similarity theory posits that when explosives are detonated in rock, the blasting effect is related to factors such as the explosive charge, rock properties, and the line of least resistance. Commonly used empirical formulas are derived from extensive blasting practice. It's important to consider that the rock's physical properties, such as hardness, density, and elastic modulus, significantly influence the explosive charge. Hard rock requires more explosive energy to break and throw, while soft rock requires relatively less. For example, granite is a hard rock with high density and hardness, requiring more explosives for blasting than softer rocks like shale.

[0057] Explosive line charge density refers to the mass of explosives loaded per unit length of the blasthole, typically expressed in kilograms per meter (kg / m). It is a crucial parameter in blasting engineering, used to determine the appropriate amount of explosives to load within the blasthole. Especially when using columnar charges (e.g., where the explosives are distributed in long strips within the blasthole), proper determination of line charge density is crucial for controlling blasting effectiveness and ensuring safety. It's important to consider that rocks of varying hardness absorb and transfer explosive energy differently. For hard rock, achieving optimal blasting results often requires a higher line charge density. Because hard rock requires more energy to break, a higher line charge density provides sufficient explosive energy, resulting in more complete rock fragmentation.

[0058] The center depth of an explosive is the vertical distance between the center of a columnar explosive and the free surface (the surface facing the air). It is a key parameter in blasting engineering, crucially affecting the distribution of blasting energy, the shape of the blast funnel, and the blasting effect. Accurately controlling the center depth of an explosive effectively utilizes explosive energy and achieves the desired blasting objectives, such as rock fragmentation and rock throwing.

[0059] Step S203 , using a regression analysis method to obtain a critical center burial depth for the explosive center and the blasting funnel volume, and calculating a unit explosive blasting funnel volume based on the explosive charge and the blasting funnel volume.

[0060] The method of obtaining the critical center burial depth by using the regression analysis method on the center burial depth of the explosive and the volume of the blasting funnel specifically includes the following sub-steps:

[0061] Step S20301: constructing a regression model based on the buried depth of the explosive center and the volume of the blasting funnel;

[0062] In this embodiment, regression analysis is a statistical analysis method used to study the relationship between the central depth of the explosive and the volume of the blasting funnel. Using limited data, a linear relationship can be fitted to the greatest extent possible based on the changing relationship between the blasting funnel volume and the central depth of the explosive. This relationship can then be described by establishing a regression model, enabling prediction and control. This invention reduces the amount of blasting funnel-related data, lowering the cost of blasting tests while also providing important data support for subsequent data processing.

[0063] Furthermore, this embodiment uses a linear regression model, wherein the linear regression model satisfies the following formula:

[0064]

[0065] in, is the blasting funnel volume, is the slope, is the intercept, The burial depth of the center of the explosive.

[0066] Furthermore, the depth of the explosive center and the volume of the blasting funnel are input into Origin, and Origin constructs a corresponding linear regression model based on the depth of the explosive center and the volume of the blasting funnel. In an optional embodiment, the linear regression model satisfies the following formula:

[0067]

[0068] in, is the volume of the blasting funnel, It is the buried depth of the center of the explosive.

[0069] Origin is a professional scientific graphing and data analysis software. It is widely used in a variety of fields, including research, engineering, and teaching, primarily for processing experimental data, creating high-quality scientific graphs, and conducting in-depth data analysis. For example, Origin plays an important role in analyzing the relationship between reaction rate, temperature, and concentration in chemistry experiments, studying the motion of objects in physics experiments, and evaluating product performance in engineering.

[0070] Obviously, using Origin to construct a regression model is only one embodiment of the present invention. In an optional embodiment, SigmaPlot can also be used to perform regression analysis on the center burial depth of the explosive and the volume of the blasting funnel to construct a regression model.

[0071] SigmaPlot is a scientific plotting and data analysis software that provides a rich set of statistical methods and data visualization capabilities, including linear regression analysis. Its easy-to-use interface and high scalability make it suitable for data analysis needs of all sizes. It supports importing and exporting data in multiple formats, such as Excel, CSV, SPSS, and MATLAB, making it easy to integrate and process data from different sources.

[0072] Step S20302: Utilize the regression model to solve the explosive center burial depth corresponding to when the blasting funnel volume is zero, and obtain the critical center burial depth.

[0073] In this embodiment, the critical center burial depth refers to the vertical distance from the center of the columnar explosive to the free surface (free surface) when the energy generated by the explosion is completely consumed in the internal deformation of the rock when a columnar explosive is buried deep underground and blasted, and flyer flakes (brittle rock) or uplift (plastic rock) just appear on the surface. This is called the critical depth, which is the upper limit of the deformation energy zone.

[0074] According to the characteristics of the regression model, when the volume is zero, the corresponding buried depth of the explosive center represents the critical depth, thereby realizing data prediction, improving test efficiency and reducing test costs.

[0075] Step S204: obtaining the explosive center burial depth ratio according to the critical center burial depth and the explosive center burial depth.

[0076] In this embodiment, the single-hole variable-depth blasting funnel test produces different blasting funnels by varying the center depth of the explosive. The center depth ratio, which refers to the ratio of the center depth of the explosive to the critical center depth, is a crucial parameter in blasting engineering and has different implications for different mining environments.

[0077] When the center-to-depth ratio of the explosive is smaller, the explosive energy is more likely to rush to the free surface, thus forming a more obvious blasting funnel, achieving better rock fragmentation and causing more rock to be thrown out. This situation is suitable for projects that require rapid clearance of large amounts of rock, such as in the early stages of open-pit mining.

[0078] When the burial depth ratio is equal to 1, the explosive energy is relatively evenly distributed in all directions, resulting in relatively uniform rock fragmentation around the charge, forming a relatively regular fragmentation zone and reducing flyrock. In blasting projects with strict environmental requirements and undesirable flyrock, properly controlling the burial depth ratio close to 1 can achieve better blasting results.

[0079] When the burial depth ratio is greater than 1, most of the blast energy is consumed within the rock, primarily for compaction and internal crushing, with little noticeable surface uplift or throwing. This is particularly useful for underground engineering blasting or when deep rock crushing is required.

[0080] Step S205 , constructing the relationship fitting models of the explosive center burial depth ratio and the unit explosive blasting funnel volume, the blasting funnel radius and the blasting funnel depth respectively.

[0081] In this embodiment, the single-hole variable-depth blasting funnel test forms different explosive center burial depth ratios through different explosive center burial depths. After the test is completed, the different explosive center burial depth ratios have different performances in the blasting funnel volume, the blasting funnel radius and the blasting funnel depth.

[0082] A fitting model for the relationship between the explosive center burial depth ratio and the unit explosive blasting funnel volume is constructed, and a function is constructed using Origin for the relationship between the explosive center burial depth ratio and the unit explosive blasting funnel volume. This function can most reasonably describe the relationship between the explosive center burial depth ratio and the unit explosive blasting funnel volume. Through this function, the changing trend of the unit explosive blasting funnel volume as the explosive center burial depth ratio changes can be obtained. This embodiment fits limited test data into a relationship model between corresponding data to achieve the purpose of predicting the relationship between different data according to different needs, essentially reducing the number of blasting funnels in the single-hole variable hole depth blasting funnel test.

[0083] The principles and functions of constructing a fitting model for the relationship between the explosive center burial depth ratio and the blasting funnel radius, and constructing a fitting model for the relationship between the explosive center burial depth ratio and the blasting funnel depth, are similar to those of constructing a fitting model for the relationship between the explosive center burial depth ratio and the unit explosive blasting funnel volume, and will not be repeated here.

[0084] The relationship fitting models of the explosive center burial depth ratio, the unit explosive blasting funnel volume, the blasting funnel radius, and the blasting funnel depth respectively satisfy the following formulas:

[0085]

[0086] in, is the volume of the unit explosive blasting funnel, is the volume of the blasting funnel, is the charge value, is the depth ratio of the explosive center, 、 、 、 、 and are the correlation fitting coefficients, is the blasting funnel radius value, is the blasting funnel depth value.

[0087] In an alternative embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown, the relationship fitting model between the explosive center burial depth ratio and the unit explosive blasting funnel volume satisfies the following formula:

[0088]

[0089] in, is the volume of the unit explosive blasting funnel, is the burial depth ratio of the center of the explosive.

[0090] In an alternative embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown, the relationship fitting model between the explosive center burial depth ratio and the blasting funnel radius satisfies the following formula:

[0091]

[0092] in, is the volume of the unit explosive blasting funnel, The radius of the blasting funnel.

[0093] In an alternative embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown in FIG, the relationship fitting model between the explosive center burial depth ratio and the blasting funnel depth satisfies the following formula:

[0094]

[0095] in, is the volume of the unit explosive blasting funnel, is the blasting funnel depth value.

[0096] The method of obtaining the critical center burial depth by using the regression analysis method on the center burial depth of the explosive and the volume of the blasting funnel includes the following sub-steps:

[0097] Step S3, obtaining the center burial depth range and the optimal center burial depth of the explosive through the relationship fitting model.

[0098] The optimal center burial depth satisfies the following formula:

[0099]

[0100] in, is the critical depth of the cylindrical charge, in units of , is the elastic deformation coefficient, in units of , is the charge density of the cylindrical package, in units of , is the optimal center burial depth of columnar explosives, in units of , It is the optimal center burial depth ratio of explosives.

[0101] Wherein, obtaining the central burial depth range and the optimal central burial depth of the explosive by using the relationship fitting model includes the following sub-steps:

[0102] Step S301 , obtaining the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum unit blasting funnel volume, the maximum blasting funnel radius and the maximum blasting funnel depth respectively through the relationship fitting model.

[0103] In this embodiment, in order to obtain the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum unit blasting funnel volume, first, a fitting model of the relationship between the explosive center burial depth ratio and the unit explosive blasting funnel volume is solved to find the maximum value of the unit explosive blasting funnel volume, and then the explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum value of the unit explosive blasting funnel volume is calculated.

[0104] Next, in order to obtain the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum blasting funnel radius, firstly, by solving the relationship fitting model between the explosive center burial depth ratio and the blasting funnel radius, the maximum value of the blasting funnel radius is found, and then the explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum value of the blasting funnel radius is calculated.

[0105] Finally, to obtain the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum blasting funnel depth, firstly, by solving the relationship fitting model between the explosive center burial depth ratio and the blasting funnel depth, the maximum value of the blasting funnel depth is found, and then the explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum value of the blasting funnel depth is calculated.

[0106] The invention predicts the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum unit blasting funnel volume, the maximum blasting funnel radius and the maximum blasting funnel depth respectively through a relationship fitting model, thereby improving the accuracy of data, reducing the number of tests and lowering the test cost.

[0107] Step S302: Calculate the elastic deformation coefficient using the critical center burial depth and the charge density of the explosive string.

[0108] In this embodiment, the elastic deformation coefficient is calculated to satisfy the following formula:

[0109]

[0110] in, is the elastic deformation coefficient, in units of , is the critical depth of the cylindrical charge, in units of , is the charge density of the cylindrical package, in units of .

[0111] In open-pit blasting, the elastic deformation coefficient is a parameter that measures the elastic deformation characteristics of rock or other blasted media under the influence of the blast stress wave. When the stress wave generated by the explosion propagates through the medium, the medium undergoes both elastic and plastic deformation. The elastic deformation coefficient primarily describes the characteristics of the elastic deformation component, reflecting the medium's ability to recover its original shape within a certain range.

[0112] The elastic deformation coefficient is crucial for understanding energy transfer and the medium's response during blasting. For example, a medium with a large elastic deformation coefficient can absorb and store a greater amount of energy under the blast stress wave, releasing it after the stress wave passes. This can affect factors such as the formation of the blast funnel and the degree of rock fragmentation. A smaller elastic deformation coefficient may lead to a more susceptible medium to plastic deformation and fragmentation, resulting in different blasting effects, such as the rock fragmentation distribution after blasting.

[0113] In terms of energy transfer, the elastic deformation coefficient determines how the explosive energy is transferred within the rock. When explosives detonate in rock, a powerful shock wave is generated. For rocks with a smaller elastic deformation coefficient, the shock wave is more effective in causing tensile and shear failure. This is because a smaller elastic deformation coefficient means the rock is more likely to undergo irreversible deformation when subjected to stress, causing it to break faster under the influence of the explosive energy. Regarding the crushing effect, the elastic deformation coefficient affects the rock's particle size. Rocks with a larger elastic deformation coefficient may produce larger fragments after blasting because they can deform elastically to buffer the explosive stress, preventing complete fragmentation into fine particles. Rocks with a smaller elastic deformation coefficient, on the other hand, are more easily crushed into smaller particles. This has a significant impact on subsequent ore transportation and processing. If the crushed ore particle size does not meet the required requirements, a secondary crushing process may be required, increasing production costs.

[0114] The elastic deformation coefficient also has a certain impact on blasting safety and is closely related to the generation of flyrock. Flyrock is a major safety hazard in open-pit blasting. When the elastic deformation coefficient of rock is large, it may undergo significant elastic deformation under the impact of the explosion. Under the action of the elastic restoring force, some rock fragments may be thrown at high speed, forming flyrock. Understanding the elastic deformation coefficient of rock helps to rationally design blasting parameters, such as blasthole spacing and charge, thereby effectively controlling the range and rate of flyrock generation and ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment around the blasting site.

[0115] Step S303 , obtaining the center burial depth range of the explosive according to the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio, the elastic deformation coefficient, and the explosive line charge density.

[0116] Wherein, obtaining the center burial depth range of the explosive according to the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio, the elastic deformation coefficient and the explosive line charge density specifically includes the following steps:

[0117] Step S30301, calculating the maximum explosive center burial depth corresponding to the maximum unit blasting funnel volume, the maximum blasting funnel radius and the maximum blasting funnel depth respectively according to the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio, the elastic deformation coefficient and the explosive line charge density.

[0118] In this embodiment, the maximum explosive center burial depth corresponding to the maximum unit blasting funnel volume is related to the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum unit blasting funnel volume, the elastic deformation coefficient, and the explosive string charge density. The maximum explosive center burial depth corresponding to the maximum blasting funnel radius is related to the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum blasting funnel radius, the elastic deformation coefficient, and the explosive string charge density. The maximum explosive center burial depth corresponding to the maximum blasting funnel depth is related to the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum blasting funnel depth, the elastic deformation coefficient, and the explosive string charge density.

[0119] The maximum unit blasting funnel volume refers to the maximum blasting funnel volume that can be formed by a unit charge, based on known data from single-hole variable-depth blasting funnel tests. The maximum blasting funnel radius refers to the maximum blasting funnel radius that can be formed by a predetermined charge, based on known data from single-hole variable-depth blasting funnel tests. The maximum blasting funnel depth refers to the maximum blasting funnel depth that can be formed by a predetermined charge, based on known data from single-hole variable-depth blasting funnel tests.

[0120] The maximum explosive center burial depth corresponding to the maximum unit blasting funnel volume satisfies the following formula:

[0121]

[0122] in, is the optimal center burial depth of columnar explosives, in units of , is the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum unit blasting funnel volume, is the elastic deformation coefficient, in units of , is the charge density of the cylindrical package, in units of .

[0123] Similarly, we can obtain the formulas for the maximum burial depth of the center of explosives corresponding to the maximum blasting funnel radius and the maximum burial depth of the center of explosives corresponding to the maximum blasting funnel depth.

[0124] Step S30302, finding the maximum value and the minimum value of the center burial depth of the largest explosive, and using the maximum value and the minimum value as the center burial depth range of the explosive.

[0125] In this embodiment, the maximum explosive center burial depth corresponding to the maximum unit blasting funnel volume, the maximum explosive center burial depth corresponding to the maximum blasting funnel radius, and the maximum explosive center burial depth corresponding to the maximum blasting funnel depth are calculated respectively, the calculated center burial depths are sorted by size, and the maximum and minimum values ​​in the sorting results are selected as the preferred explosive center burial depth range.

[0126] In open-pit blasting projects, the core depth of explosives refers to the upper and lower limits of explosive placement depth, determined based on project requirements, geological conditions, and explosive properties. A reasonable core depth range is crucial for ensuring the stability and safety of blasting results. If the depth is too shallow, the explosive energy will be released into the air prematurely, resulting in low blasting efficiency and the potential for a "skyrocket" effect, creating safety hazards such as flying rocks. If the depth is too deep, the explosive energy may be largely absorbed by the surrounding medium, preventing effective rock fragmentation or achieving the desired blasting effect. This will also increase explosive usage and costs.

[0127] Various factors influence the depth of the explosive's center of burial. Rock mechanical properties such as hardness, density, and elastic modulus influence this depth. For harder rocks, such as quartzite, the depth of the explosive's center of burial may need to be increased due to its high resistance to crushing. However, for softer rocks, such as claystone, the depth of the explosive's center of burial can be relatively shallow.

[0128] Geological structures in the rock, such as cracks, faults, and bedding, can alter the propagation path of the blast stress wave. If the rock is heavily cracked, the blast stress wave will be reflected and refracted there, leading to faster energy loss. Therefore, the center depth of the explosive can be adjusted as needed.

[0129] The depth of the explosive's center of burial is also influenced by explosive properties. High-power explosives generate greater explosive energy and pressure, so under the same geological conditions, the depth of the explosive's center of burial can be relatively deep. Explosives with high detonation velocities experience rapid stress wave propagation and concentrated energy release. For these high-velocity explosives, the depth of the explosive's center of burial can be adjusted appropriately.

[0130] Therefore, in order to cope with different mining environments and needs, the embodiment of the present invention determines the center burial depth range of explosives in a more scientific and convenient manner, which further enhances the applicability and practical application capability of the present invention.

[0131] Step S304 , obtaining the optimal center burial depth of the explosive according to the optimal explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum unit blasting funnel volume, the elastic deformation coefficient, and the explosive line charge density.

[0132] In this embodiment, the volume of the unit explosive blasting hopper is the most important factor to consider from the perspective of mining efficiency. Therefore, the maximum unit blasting hopper volume is used as the criterion for measuring the optimal center burial depth. The optimal center burial depth is related to the optimal explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum unit blasting hopper volume, the elastic deformation coefficient, and the charge density of the explosive string.

[0133] Step S4, based on the second test of the optimal center burial depth, receiving second data obtained from the UAV through three-dimensional laser scanning, and obtaining the hole spacing range of the explosive according to the second data.

[0134] In this embodiment, the second test is a variable hole spacing and same-segment blasting funnel test. The optimal center burial depth is obtained through a single-hole variable hole depth blasting funnel test. Five blastholes are excavated in the test site. The blasthole diameter is 0.25 meters. The blastholes are arranged in a straight line. The distance between two adjacent blastholes increases successively. The blasthole depth is the optimal center burial depth obtained in the first test. This ensures that the blasting force of each blasting funnel is as similar as possible, providing an important experimental basis for the variable hole spacing and same-segment blasting funnel test.

[0135] It should be noted that the distance between two adjacent blast holes in the variable hole distance and same section blasting funnel test can be determined according to actual conditions. In an optional embodiment, the maximum funnel radius is obtained according to the single-hole variable hole depth blasting funnel test, and the distance between two adjacent blast holes is set to 2 times, 2.5 times, 3 times and 3.5 times the maximum funnel radius respectively.

[0136] The test begins with blasting. After the test is over, the broken rocks in the blasting funnel and the pumice around the blasting funnel are cleaned up. Figure 3 As shown, the drone 100 is flown to the designated test area, and the area is photographed and scanned using a camera. At this time, the processor 120 carried by the fuselage automatically identifies the blasting funnel and numbers the blasting funnel. The remote terminal 130 maintains a communication connection with the processor 120, and the processor 120 transmits data information in real time.

[0137] Specifically, after the calibration and numbering work is completed, the drone 100 flies in sequence to a position 0.5m above two adjacent blasting funnels in the order of numbering. The three-dimensional laser scanner 110 carried by the drone performs a full-scale scan of the two adjacent blasting funnels and the through-hole or ridge area formed between the two funnels to obtain the second data of the blasting funnel. The second data includes data such as the blasting groove / spine width. After the scan of one blasting funnel is completed, the drone automatically flies to the next blasting funnel for scanning until all funnels are scanned. The processor automatically processes the characteristic parameters of each blasting funnel and the through-hole and ridge area formed between adjacent funnels. At the same time, the drone processor 120 determines the superposition of adjacent funnels. After the above work is completed, the drone 100 automatically performs the return mission and generates a task report in a tabular form. The task report is sent to the remote terminal 130. The task report is shown in Table 3 below for the test data of the same-segment blasting funnel with variable hole spacing:

[0138] Table 3 Test data of blasting funnel with variable hole spacing and same section

[0139]

[0140] In an optional embodiment, the explosive hole spacing range is determined based on the description of the overlapping conditions of adjacent blasting funnels in the mission report. Specifically, the distance between two adjacent blasting funnels where the overlapping effect is significant and the blasting funnels form a connecting groove is determined as the lower limit of the positioning hole spacing range. The distance between two adjacent blasting funnels where the overlapping effect is significant but a spine is left between them is determined as the upper limit of the positioning hole spacing range.

[0141] Step S5: guiding the design of blasting parameters for open-pit production blasting operations based on the range of the central buried depth of the explosives and the range of the hole spacing of the explosives.

[0142] In this embodiment, the range of central burial depth and explosive hole spacing obtained from the experiments will be applied to open-pit blasting projects. When burying explosives, the direction of possible flying rocks must be considered, and effective protective measures such as protective racks and protective nets must be installed. For example, when conducting open-pit blasting near roads or residential areas, the height and strength of the protective racks must be sufficient to block possible flying rock fragments, and the mesh size of the protective net must be appropriate to both block flying rocks and facilitate observation of the blasting process.

[0143] After blasting is completed, the blasting results must be evaluated. This evaluation includes the degree of rock fragmentation, the distribution of fragmented pieces, and whether the expected throwing distance was achieved. This evaluation can identify problems in blasting design and parameter selection, such as whether the center depth of the explosives is appropriate or whether the hole spacing needs adjustment. If rock fragmentation is insufficient or there are too many large pieces of rock, consider reducing the center depth of the explosives or the hole spacing in the next blast. If safety issues such as flyrock occur, it may be necessary to increase the center depth of the explosives or adjust the detonation sequence. The evaluation results will be fed back into the next blasting design to continuously optimize blasting parameters and design.

[0144] Step S6: evaluating the effect of the first test based on the first data, and evaluating the effect of the second test based on the second data.

[0145] Evaluating the effect of the first test based on the first data and evaluating the effect of the second test based on the second data specifically include the following sub-steps:

[0146] Step S601: receiving a first test three-dimensional model generated by the drone according to the first data and a second test three-dimensional model generated according to the second data.

[0147] In this embodiment, based on the single-hole variable-depth blasting funnel test, the drone's processor constructs a first experimental three-dimensional model through the first data obtained by scanning. Furthermore, the drone scans the blasting funnel in sequence through the three-dimensional laser scanner carried by the fuselage, and the drone processor constructs a three-dimensional model based on the obtained data, and at the same time transmits the three-dimensional model to the remote terminal until the scanning is completed. The processor gradually updates the three-dimensional model and transmits the real-time updated data to the remote terminal. Finally, the remote terminal generates the first experimental three-dimensional model.

[0148] Based on the variable hole spacing and same-section blasting funnel test, the basic steps for constructing the second test 3D model are similar to those for the first test, and will not be repeated here. The difference is that the second data includes more data such as blasting groove / spine width compared to the first data. The drone obtains the data of all blasting funnels at one time and constructs the second test 3D model.

[0149] The blasting funnel is highly intelligent by using three-dimensional laser scanning. Without human intervention, it can automatically emit laser and measure the three-dimensional coordinate information of the surface points of the target object with one-click operation. At the same time, the collected data can be used to directly build an accurate three-dimensional model, further realizing the high degree of automation of data collection and visual modeling.

[0150] Step S602 : evaluating the effect of the first test according to the first test three-dimensional model, and evaluating the effect of the second test according to the second test three-dimensional model.

[0151] Using the remote terminal's generated 3D model of the first test, users can visually evaluate the effectiveness of a single-hole, variable-depth blasting funnel test based on the characteristics of the blasting funnel. Similarly, using the remote terminal's generated 3D model of the second test, users can also visually evaluate the effectiveness of a variable-hole-distance, same-segment blasting funnel test based on the characteristics of the blasting funnel.

[0152] During the test, it is inevitable that large errors will occur due to uncontrollable factors. According to the characteristics of the blasting funnel in the three-dimensional model, the user can intuitively confirm this error and can eliminate or reduce the error by modifying the blasting funnel data, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results, avoiding repeated tests, improving the efficiency of open-pit blasting projects, and saving test costs.

[0153] Finally, after obtaining the unit of the explosive center buried depth and the hole spacing range under the test conditions, according to the similarity criterion and the square root similarity of the columnar charge blasting funnel, the formula Calculate the optimal resistance line range in the actual production process.

[0154] Where, is the density of the cylindrical package line under test conditions, in kg / m, is the actual production line charge density of cylindrical cartridges, kg / m, and They are the minimum resistance lines under test conditions and actual production conditions respectively, and the unit is m.

[0155] To calculate the range of hole spacing in the actual production process, it is necessary to select an appropriate similarity ratio based on the similarity theorem, the similarity ratio determined according to the test conditions and the actual production blasting parameters, and the comprehensive blasting funnel test results and the actual on-site conditions, so as to determine the hole spacing in the actual blasting project.

[0156] like Figure 2 As shown, on the other hand, the present invention also provides a system for designing open-air blasting parameters based on a blasting funnel test, comprising: a processor, an input device, an output device and a memory, wherein the processor, the input device, the output device and the memory are interconnected, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, the computer program includes program instructions, and the processor is configured to call the program instructions to execute relevant steps of a relevant embodiment of a method for designing open-air blasting parameters based on a blasting funnel test of the present invention.

[0157] The present invention provides a system for designing open-pit blasting parameters based on blasting funnel tests. Each functional component can be integrated into a single processing unit, physically exist as a separate component, or two or more components can be integrated into a single unit. These integrated components can be implemented as either hardware or software functions, further enhancing the overall applicability and practical application capabilities of the present invention.

[0158] In general, the present invention utilizes a three-dimensional laser scanner carried by a drone to integrate three-dimensional laser scanning technology and three-dimensional numerical simulation technology. It takes into account the asymmetry of the real blasting funnel and the heterogeneity of the rock mass in actual engineering, and can comprehensively and accurately describe the geometric and physical information of the blasting funnel pit. It does not affect blasting production, saves test costs, and makes the explosive parameter design method more scientific, reasonable, and efficient.

[0159] In addition, the present invention enables automated measurement of data such as the blasting funnel radius, depth, volume, and groove / spine width between adjacent blasting funnels, which originally required manual measurement, and can obtain the optimal resistance line, optimal resistance line range, optimal hole spacing, and optimal hole spacing range in a series of blasting funnel tests through terminal self-processing based on the obtained data.

[0160] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and description of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for designing open-pit blasting parameters based on blasting funnel test, characterized in that: The method comprises: Based on the first experiment, first data obtained by three-dimensional laser scanning from a drone is received; Constructing a relationship fitting model according to the first data includes: The first data includes blasting funnel radius, blasting funnel depth and blasting funnel volume; Receive the explosive charge quantity, explosive line charge density and explosive center burial depth input by the user; Using a regression analysis method on the explosive center burial depth and the blasting funnel volume to obtain a critical center burial depth, and calculating a unit explosive blasting funnel volume based on the explosive charge and the blasting funnel volume; Obtaining an explosive center burial depth ratio according to the critical center burial depth and the explosive center burial depth; Constructing respectively the relationship fitting models of the explosive center burial depth ratio and the unit explosive blasting funnel volume, the blasting funnel radius and the blasting funnel depth; The relationship fitting models of the explosive center burial depth ratio and the unit explosive blasting funnel volume, the blasting funnel radius and the blasting funnel depth respectively satisfy the following formulas: in, is the volume of the unit explosive blasting funnel, is the volume of the blasting funnel, is the charge value, is the depth ratio of the explosive center, 、 、 、 、 and are the correlation fitting coefficients, is the blasting funnel radius value, is the blasting funnel depth value; The central burial depth range and the optimal central burial depth of the explosive are obtained by fitting the relationship model; Based on the second test of the optimal center burial depth, receiving second data obtained from the UAV through three-dimensional laser scanning, and obtaining the hole spacing range of the explosive according to the second data; According to the central burial depth range of the explosives and the hole spacing range of the explosives, the blasting parameter design of the open-pit production blasting operation is guided.

2. The method for designing open-pit blasting parameters based on blasting funnel test according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of obtaining the critical center burial depth by using a regression analysis method on the center burial depth of the explosive and the volume of the blasting funnel includes: Constructing a regression model according to the buried depth of the explosive center and the volume of the blasting funnel; The regression model is used to solve the explosive center burial depth corresponding to when the blasting funnel volume is zero, and the critical center burial depth is obtained.

3. The method for designing open-pit blasting parameters based on blasting funnel test according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of obtaining the center burial depth range and the optimal center burial depth of the explosive by fitting the relationship model includes: By fitting the relationship model, the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum unit blasting funnel volume, the maximum blasting funnel radius and the maximum blasting funnel depth is obtained respectively; Calculating an elastic deformation coefficient using the critical center burial depth and the explosive charge density; Obtaining a center burial depth range of the explosive according to the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio, the elastic deformation coefficient, and the explosive line charge density; The optimal center burial depth of the explosive is obtained through the optimal explosive center burial depth ratio corresponding to the maximum unit blasting funnel volume, the elastic deformation coefficient and the explosive line charging density.

4. The method for designing open-pit blasting parameters based on blasting funnel test according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The step of obtaining the center burial depth range of the explosive according to the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio, the elastic deformation coefficient, and the explosive line charge density includes: Calculating the maximum explosive center burial depth corresponding to the maximum unit blasting funnel volume, the maximum blasting funnel radius, and the maximum blasting funnel depth, respectively, according to the maximum explosive center burial depth ratio, the elastic deformation coefficient, and the explosive string charge density; The maximum value and the minimum value of the central burial depth of the largest explosive are found, and the maximum value and the minimum value are used as the central burial depth range of the explosive.

5. The method for designing open-pit blasting parameters based on blasting funnel test according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The optimal center burial depth satisfies the following formula: in, is the critical depth of the cylindrical charge, in units of , is the elastic deformation coefficient, in units of , is the charge density of the cylindrical package, in units of , is the optimal center burial depth of columnar explosives, in units of , It is the optimal center burial depth ratio of explosives.

6. The method for designing open-pit blasting parameters based on blasting funnel test according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for designing open-pit blasting parameters based on a blasting funnel test also includes: The effect of the first experiment is evaluated based on the first data, and the effect of the second experiment is evaluated based on the second data.

7. The method for designing open-pit blasting parameters based on blasting funnel test according to claim 6, characterized in that: The evaluating the effect of the first test based on the first data, and the evaluating the effect of the second test based on the second data, include: receiving, from the UAV, a first test three-dimensional model generated according to the first data and a second test three-dimensional model generated according to the second data; The effect of the first test is evaluated based on the first test three-dimensional model, and the effect of the second test is evaluated based on the second test three-dimensional model.

8. A system for designing open-pit blasting parameters based on blasting funnel test, characterized in that: include: A processor, an input device, an output device and a memory, wherein the processor, the input device, the output device and the memory are interconnected, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, the computer program includes program instructions, and the processor is configured to call the program instructions to execute a method for designing open-pit blasting parameters based on a blasting funnel test as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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