Power supply system based on solar cell

Abstract

The invention discloses a power supply system based on a solar cell, and relates to the field of solar power supply, and the power supply system based on the solar cell comprises a solar cell module which is used for converting solar energy into electric energy through the solar cell and outputting the electric energy; the super capacitor module is used for storing the output electric energy of the solar battery module through a super capacitor and supplying the output electric energy to the common battery module and the voltage output module; the common battery module is used for storing electric energy when the super capacitor supplies power, and compared with the prior art, the super capacitor module is arranged to convert the voltage of a solar battery into the voltage of the super capacitor so as to output stable voltage; by arranging the voltage switching prompt module, when the output voltage of the super capacitor is insufficient and is about to be changed into the common battery for power supply, a user is prompted to disconnect part of output interfaces of the voltage output module when the common battery is switched for power supply, so that excessive electricity load and insufficient power supply of the common battery are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of solar energy power supply, in particular to a power supply system based on solar cells. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, a solar cell power supply is often also provided with an ordinary battery (mostly a lithium battery). The solar cell charges the ordinary battery. When the output voltage of the solar cell is insufficient, the ordinary battery is used to power the load to ensure that the load continues to work without power outage.

[0003] The disadvantage is that since the output voltage of the solar cell is higher than the voltage of the ordinary battery, when switching to ordinary battery power supply, if there are many loads, the ordinary battery cannot provide enough power for the load to work, which needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a power supply system based on solar cells to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A power supply system based on solar cells, comprising: Solar cell modules for converting solar energy into electrical energy output through solar cells; The supercapacitor module is used to store the output electric energy of the solar cell module through the supercapacitor and supply it to the ordinary battery module and the voltage output module; The common battery module is used to store electric energy when the super capacitor is supplying power, and to supply power to the voltage output module when the output voltage of the super capacitor is lower than the second threshold value; A voltage output module connected to multiple loads is used to supply power to the multiple loads through multiple output interfaces; The voltage switching prompt module is used to give a voice prompt when the voltage of the supercapacitor is lower than the first threshold; when the voltage of the supercapacitor is lower than the second threshold, control the ordinary battery module to supply power to the voltage output module and disconnect some interfaces of the power output module; The output end of the solar cell module is connected to the input end of the supercapacitor module, the first output end of the supercapacitor module is connected to the first input end of the ordinary battery module and the input end of the voltage switching prompt module, the second output end of the supercapacitor module is connected to the first input end of the voltage output module, the output end of the ordinary battery module is connected to the first input end of the voltage output module, and the output end of the voltage switching prompt module is connected to the second input end of the ordinary battery module and the second input end of the voltage output module.

[0006] As a further solution of the present invention: the solar cell module includes a solar cell and a first capacitor, the negative electrode of the solar cell is grounded, the positive electrode of the solar cell is connected to one end of the first capacitor and the input end of the supercapacitor module, and the other end of the first capacitor is grounded.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: the supercapacitor module includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a first MOS tube, a second capacitor, a first diode, a second diode, a supercapacitor, a voltage detector, and a third diode. One end of the first resistor is connected to the S pole of the first MOS tube and the output end of the solar cell module, the other end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the second resistor and the G pole of the first MOS tube, the D pole of the first MOS tube is connected to one end of the second capacitor, the positive pole of the first diode, and the power supply end of the voltage detector, the ground end of the voltage detector is grounded, the output end of the voltage detector is connected to the positive pole of the third diode, the negative pole of the third diode is connected to the other end of the second resistor, the other end of the second capacitor is grounded, the negative pole of the first diode is connected to the positive pole of the second diode and one end of the supercapacitor, the other end of the supercapacitor is grounded, the negative pole of the second diode is connected to the first input end of the ordinary battery module, the input end of the voltage switching prompt module, and the positive pole of the fourth diode, the negative pole of the fourth diode is connected to the first input end of the voltage output module, and the voltage detector model is BD4954.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: the ordinary battery module includes a third resistor, a first switch, a first interface, a second interface, and an ordinary battery, the negative pole of the ordinary battery is grounded, the positive pole of the ordinary battery is connected to one end of the first switch, the other end of the first switch is connected to the first interface or the second interface, the other end of the first interface is connected to one end of the third resistor, the other end of the third resistor is connected to the first output end of the supercapacitor module, and the other end of the second interface is connected to the first input end of the voltage output module.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: the voltage output module includes a fixed output interface unit and a controllable output interface unit, there is at least one fixed output interface unit, and multiple controllable output interface units are provided; the fixed output interface unit includes a fifth diode, the positive electrode of the fifth diode is connected to the second output end of the supercapacitor module and the output end of the ordinary battery module, and the negative electrode of the fifth diode is connected to the load; the controllable output interface unit includes a second switch and a sixth diode, one end of the second switch is connected to the second output end of the supercapacitor module and the output end of the ordinary battery module, the other end of the second switch is connected to the positive electrode of the sixth diode, and the negative electrode of the sixth diode is connected to the load.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: the voltage switching prompt module includes: A voltage sampling unit is used to sample the output voltage of the supercapacitor module, obtain the sampled voltage, and output it to the voice prompt unit and the voltage switching unit; A voice prompt unit, used for giving a voice prompt indicating that the supercapacitor voltage is insufficient when the sampled voltage is lower than a first threshold; A voltage switching unit, used to control the common battery module to supply power to the voltage output module and disconnect part of the interfaces of the power output module when the sampled voltage is lower than a second threshold value; The input end of the voltage sampling unit is connected to the first output end of the supercapacitor module, the output end of the voltage sampling unit is connected to the input end of the voice prompt unit and the input end of the voltage switching unit, and the output end of the voltage switching unit is connected to the second input end of the ordinary battery module and the second input end of the voltage output module.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: the voltage sampling unit includes a fourth resistor, a first potentiometer, and a fifth resistor, one end of the fourth resistor is connected to the first output end of the supercapacitor module, the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to one end of the first potentiometer, the other end of the first potentiometer is connected to one end of the fifth resistor, the other end of the fifth resistor is grounded, and the sliding end of the first potentiometer is connected to the input end of the voice prompt unit and the input end of the voltage switching unit.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the voice prompt unit includes a third amplifier, a third triode, a ninth diode, and a voice chip. The inverting end of the third amplifier is connected to the output end of the voltage sampling unit, the non-inverting end of the third amplifier is connected to the first reference voltage, the output end of the third amplifier is connected to the base of the third triode, the emitter of the third triode is connected to the anode of the ninth diode, the cathode of the ninth diode is grounded, the collector of the third triode is connected to one end of the voice chip, and the other end of the voice chip is connected to the first output end of the supercapacitor module.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: the voltage switching unit includes a second amplifier, a second transistor, a first relay, and a tenth diode. The inverting end of the second amplifier is connected to the output end of the voltage sampling unit, the non-inverting end of the second amplifier is connected to the second reference voltage, the output end of the second amplifier is connected to the base of the second transistor, the emitter of the second transistor is grounded, the collector of the second transistor is connected to one end of the first relay and the positive electrode of the tenth diode, and the other end of the first relay is connected to the negative electrode of the tenth diode and the first output end of the supercapacitor module.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention sets a supercapacitor module to convert the solar cell voltage into a supercapacitor voltage to output a stable voltage; by setting a voltage switching prompt module, when the supercapacitor output voltage is insufficient and is about to be switched to ordinary battery power supply, a user is prompted, and when switching to ordinary battery power supply, part of the output interface of the voltage output module is disconnected to avoid excessive power load and insufficient power supply from ordinary batteries. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a power supply system based on solar cells.

[0016] Figure 2 This is the circuit diagram of the solar cell module and supercapacitor module.

[0017] Figure 3 This is the circuit diagram of a common battery module and a voltage output module.

[0018] Figure 4 This is the circuit diagram of the voltage switching prompt module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] See also Figure 1 , a power supply system based on solar cells, comprising: Solar cell module 1, used for converting solar energy into electrical energy output through solar cell E1; The supercapacitor module 2 is used to store the output electric energy of the solar cell module 1 through the supercapacitor C3 and supply the electric energy to the common battery module 3 and the voltage output module 4; The common battery module 3 is used to store electric energy when the super capacitor C3 supplies power, and to supply power to the voltage output module 4 when the output voltage of the super capacitor C3 is lower than the second threshold value; A voltage output module 4 connected to multiple loads, used to supply power to the multiple loads through multiple output interfaces; The voltage switching prompt module 5 is used to give a voice prompt when the voltage of the super capacitor C3 is lower than the first threshold value; when the voltage of the super capacitor C3 is lower than the second threshold value, control the common battery module 3 to supply power to the voltage output module 4, and disconnect part of the interfaces of the power output module; The output end of the solar cell module 1 is connected to the input end of the supercapacitor module 2, the first output end of the supercapacitor module 2 is connected to the first input end of the ordinary battery module 3 and the input end of the voltage switching prompt module 5, the second output end of the supercapacitor module 2 is connected to the first input end of the voltage output module 4, the output end of the ordinary battery module 3 is connected to the first input end of the voltage output module 4, and the output end of the voltage switching prompt module 5 is connected to the second input end of the ordinary battery module 3 and the second input end of the voltage output module 4.

[0021] In this example: See Figure 2 The solar cell module 1 includes a solar cell E1 and a first capacitor C1. The negative electrode of the solar cell E1 is grounded, the positive electrode of the solar cell E1 is connected to one end of the first capacitor C1 and the input end of the super capacitor module 2, and the other end of the first capacitor C1 is grounded.

[0022] The solar cell E1 converts solar energy into electrical energy and outputs it to the supercapacitor module 2 .

[0023] In another embodiment, the first capacitor C1 can be omitted. The first capacitor C1 is used to ensure voltage stability.

[0024] In this example: See Figure 2 The super capacitor module 2 includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a first MOS tube V1, a second capacitor C2, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a super capacitor C3, a voltage detector U1, and a third diode D3. One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the S pole of the first MOS tube V1 and the output end of the solar cell module 1. The other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to one end of the second resistor R2 and the G pole of the first MOS tube V1. The D pole of the first MOS tube V1 is connected to one end of the second capacitor C2, the positive pole of the first diode D1, and the power supply end of the voltage detector U1. The voltage detector U1 is connected to the positive pole of the first diode D1. The ground end is grounded, the output end of the voltage detector U1 is connected to the positive electrode of the third diode D3, the negative electrode of the third diode D3 is connected to the other end of the second resistor R2, the other end of the second capacitor C2 is grounded, the negative electrode of the first diode D1 is connected to the positive electrode of the second diode D2 and one end of the supercapacitor C3, the other end of the supercapacitor C3 is grounded, the negative electrode of the second diode D2 is connected to the first input end of the ordinary battery module 3, the input end of the voltage switching prompt module 5, and the positive electrode of the fourth diode D4, the negative electrode of the fourth diode D4 is connected to the first input end of the voltage output module 4, and the voltage detector U1 model is BD4954.

[0025] The supercapacitor C3 is used to store electric energy because the supercapacitor C3 has high energy conversion efficiency and low self-discharge. The output voltage of the solar cell E1 charges the supercapacitor C3 through the first MOS tube V1 and the first diode D1. As the charging progresses, the voltage of the supercapacitor C3 rises. A voltage detector U1 is provided here to detect the voltage of the supercapacitor C3. When the voltage at the input end of the voltage detector U1 reaches 5.4V, the output end of the voltage detector U1 will output a high level, so that the G pole voltage of the first MOS tube V1 (PMOS) is high, the first MOS tube V1 is cut off, and the solar cell E1 stops charging the supercapacitor C3 to prevent the supercapacitor C3 from being overcharged.

[0026] In another embodiment, the voltage detector U1 may be omitted. However, the disadvantage is that when the current is instantaneously too large, the supercapacitor C3 may overcharge. The overcharge process may cause the internal voltage of the supercapacitor C3 to instantaneously exceed its rated voltage, thereby causing permanent damage to the supercapacitor C3 and even causing safety accidents such as fire.

[0027] In this example: See Figure 3 The ordinary battery module 3 includes a third resistor R3, a first switch S1, a first interface A, a second interface B, and an ordinary battery E2. The negative electrode of the ordinary battery E2 is grounded, the positive electrode of the ordinary battery E2 is connected to one end of the first switch S1, the other end of the first switch S1 is connected to the first interface A or the second interface B, the other end of the first interface A is connected to one end of the third resistor R3, the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the first output end of the supercapacitor module 2, and the other end of the second interface B is connected to the first input end of the voltage output module 4.

[0028] The supercapacitor C3 outputs voltage to supply the ordinary battery module 3 and the voltage output module 4. Initially, the first switch S1 is connected to the first interface A, and the ordinary battery E2 is charged through the third resistor R3, the first interface A, and the first switch S1. When the output voltage of the supercapacitor C3 is insufficient, the voltage switching prompt module 5 detects the voltage information (i.e., at the common point A), and controls the first switch S1 to connect to the second interface B, so that the ordinary battery E2 supplies power to the voltage output module 4.

[0029] In this example: See Figure 3 The voltage output module 4 includes a fixed output interface unit and a controllable output interface unit. There is at least one fixed output interface unit and a plurality of controllable output interface units are provided; the fixed output interface unit includes a fifth diode D5, the positive electrode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the second output end of the supercapacitor module 2 and the output end of the ordinary battery module 3, and the negative electrode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the load; the controllable output interface unit includes a second switch S2 and a sixth diode D6, one end of the second switch S2 is connected to the second output end of the supercapacitor module 2 and the output end of the ordinary battery module 3, the other end of the second switch S2 is connected to the positive electrode of the sixth diode D6, and the negative electrode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to the load.

[0030] When the supercapacitor C3 supplies power, the switches of the controllable output interface unit are all in a closed state, and the fixed output interface unit and the controllable output interface unit both serve as output interfaces to output voltage to the load, and multiple loads can be connected at the same time; when the ordinary battery E2 supplies power, the voltage switching prompt module 5 disconnects the built-in switch of the controllable output interface unit to avoid maintaining multiple loads when the power supply voltage drops, thereby avoiding insufficient power supply from the ordinary battery E2.

[0031] like Figure 3As shown, a fixed output interface unit (fifth diode D5) and three controllable output interface units (sixth diode D6, seventh diode D8, eighth diode D8, second switch S2, third switch S3, fourth switch S4) are provided. When the super capacitor C3 is sufficiently powered, the second switch S2, the third switch S3, and the fourth switch S4 are closed; when the super capacitor C3 is insufficiently powered and is lower than the second threshold, the voltage switching prompt module 5 controls the second switch S2, the third switch S3, and the fourth switch S4 to be disconnected, and stops supplying power to the load of the corresponding output interface.

[0032] In another embodiment: the built-in light-emitting diodes (such as the fifth diode D5 and the sixth diode D6) of the fixed output interface unit and the controllable output interface unit can be omitted. The light-emitting diodes are selected here to form a path after connecting the load, so as to determine whether the output interface is well connected to the load. When the connection is poor, the light-emitting diode flashes or goes out.

[0033] In this example: See Figure 4 , the voltage switching prompt module 5 includes: A voltage sampling unit is used to sample the output voltage of the supercapacitor module 2, obtain the sampled voltage, and output it to the voice prompt unit and the voltage switching unit; A voice prompt unit, used for giving a voice prompt indicating that the voltage of the super capacitor C3 is insufficient when the sampled voltage is lower than a first threshold; A voltage switching unit, used to control the common battery module 3 to supply power to the voltage output module 4 and disconnect part of the interfaces of the power output module when the sampled voltage is lower than a second threshold; The input end of the voltage sampling unit is connected to the first output end of the supercapacitor module 2, the output end of the voltage sampling unit is connected to the input end of the voice prompt unit and the input end of the voltage switching unit, and the output end of the voltage switching unit is connected to the second input end of the ordinary battery module 3 and the second input end of the voltage output module 4.

[0034] In this example: See Figure 4 The voltage sampling unit includes a fourth resistor R4, a first potentiometer RP1, and a fifth resistor R5. One end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the first output end of the supercapacitor module 2, the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to one end of the first potentiometer RP1, the other end of the first potentiometer RP1 is connected to one end of the fifth resistor R5, the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is grounded, and the sliding end of the first potentiometer RP1 is connected to the input end of the voice prompt unit and the input end of the voltage switching unit.

[0035] The output terminal voltage of the sampling super capacitor C3, that is, the voltage at the common point A, the voltage of the lower half of the sliding end of the first potentiometer RP1 and the voltage on the fifth resistor R5 is the sampling voltage, which is output to the voice prompt unit and the voltage switching unit.

[0036] In another embodiment, the first potentiometer RP1 may be replaced with a common resistor, which will make it impossible to adjust the sampling voltage.

[0037] In this example: See Figure 4 The voice prompt unit includes a third amplifier U3, a third triode V3, a ninth diode D9, and a voice chip U4. The inverting end of the third amplifier U3 is connected to the output end of the voltage sampling unit, the non-inverting end of the third amplifier U3 is connected to the first reference voltage VREF1, the output end of the third amplifier U3 is connected to the base of the third triode V3, the emitter of the third triode V3 is connected to the anode of the ninth diode D9, the cathode of the ninth diode D9 is grounded, the collector of the third triode V3 is connected to one end of the voice chip U4, and the other end of the voice chip U4 is connected to the first output end of the super capacitor module 2.

[0038] When the voltage of the supercapacitor C3 is sufficient, the sampling voltage is greater than the first reference voltage VREF1 (and the first threshold value corresponding to the voltage of the supercapacitor C3), the third amplifier U3 outputs a low level; when the voltage of the supercapacitor C3 is about to be insufficient (for example, 3.3V is set as the second reference voltage VREF2, that is, the voltage of the supercapacitor C3 is insufficient, and the first reference voltage VREF1 can be set to 3.5V here, that is, the voltage of the supercapacitor C3 is about to be insufficient), the sampling voltage is less than the first reference voltage VREF1, the third amplifier U3 outputs a high level, the third transistor V3 is turned on, and the voice chip U4 voice prompts that it will soon switch to the ordinary battery E2 for power supply, and unplug non-essential loads. At the same time, the ninth diode D9 acts as a light-emitting diode to indicate light.

[0039] In another embodiment: a buzzer or other device may be used instead of the voice chip U4 to provide a prompt. After the buzzer prompts, the user needs to manually close it.

[0040] In this example: See Figure 4 The voltage switching unit includes a second amplifier U2, a second triode V2, a first relay J1, and a tenth diode D10. The inverting end of the second amplifier U2 is connected to the output end of the voltage sampling unit, the non-inverting end of the second amplifier U2 is connected to the second reference voltage VREF2, the output end of the second amplifier U2 is connected to the base of the second triode V2, the emitter of the second triode V2 is grounded, the collector of the second triode V2 is connected to one end of the first relay J1 and the positive electrode of the tenth diode D10, and the other end of the first relay J1 is connected to the negative electrode of the tenth diode D10 and the first output end of the super capacitor module 2.

[0041] When the voltage of the supercapacitor C3 further drops and the sampling voltage is less than the second threshold, the second amplifier U2 outputs a high level, the second transistor V2 is turned on, the first relay J1 is powered on, and the first switch S1 is controlled to connect to the second interface B, and all the built-in switches of the controllable output interface unit are disconnected, so that the circuit is switched to the ordinary battery E2 for power supply, and the controllable output interface unit stops supplying power to the load, to avoid excessive load and insufficient power supply of the ordinary battery E2.

[0042] In another embodiment, the power supply voltage of the first relay J1 may also be other voltages, and it is not necessary to connect to the voltage at the common point A.

[0043] The working principle of the present invention is: the solar cell module 1 is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy output through the solar cell E1; the supercapacitor module 2 is used to store the output electrical energy of the solar cell module 1 through the supercapacitor C3, and supply it to the ordinary battery module 3 and the voltage output module 4; the ordinary battery module 3 is used to store electrical energy when the supercapacitor C3 supplies power, and supplies power to the voltage output module 4 when the voltage of the supercapacitor C3 is lower than the second threshold; the voltage output module 4 connected to multiple loads is used to supply power to multiple loads through multiple output interfaces; the voltage switching prompt module 5 is used to give a voice prompt when the voltage of the supercapacitor C3 is lower than the first threshold; when the voltage of the supercapacitor C3 is lower than the second threshold, the ordinary battery module 3 is controlled to supply power to the voltage output module 4, and some interfaces of the power output module are disconnected at the same time.

[0044] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0045] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A power supply system based on solar cells, characterized in that: The solar cell-based power supply system includes: Solar cell modules for converting solar energy into electrical energy output through solar cells; The supercapacitor module is used to store the output electric energy of the solar cell module through the supercapacitor and supply it to the ordinary battery module and the voltage output module; The common battery module is used to store electric energy when the super capacitor is supplying power, and to supply power to the voltage output module when the output voltage of the super capacitor is lower than the second threshold value; A voltage output module connected to multiple loads is used to supply power to the multiple loads through multiple output interfaces; The voltage switching prompt module is used to give a voice prompt when the voltage of the supercapacitor is lower than the first threshold; when the voltage of the supercapacitor is lower than the second threshold, control the ordinary battery module to supply power to the voltage output module and disconnect some interfaces of the power output module; The output end of the solar cell module is connected to the input end of the supercapacitor module, the first output end of the supercapacitor module is connected to the first input end of the ordinary battery module and the input end of the voltage switching prompt module, the second output end of the supercapacitor module is connected to the first input end of the voltage output module, the output end of the ordinary battery module is connected to the first input end of the voltage output module, and the output end of the voltage switching prompt module is connected to the second input end of the ordinary battery module and the second input end of the voltage output module.

2. The solar cell-based power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar cell module comprises a solar cell and a first capacitor. The negative electrode of the solar cell is grounded, the positive electrode of the solar cell is connected to one end of the first capacitor and the input end of the super capacitor module, and the other end of the first capacitor is grounded.

3. The solar cell-based power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supercapacitor module includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a first MOS tube, a second capacitor, a first diode, a second diode, a supercapacitor, a voltage detector, and a third diode. One end of the first resistor is connected to the S pole of the first MOS tube and the output end of the solar cell module, the other end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the second resistor and the G pole of the first MOS tube, the D pole of the first MOS tube is connected to one end of the second capacitor, the positive pole of the first diode, and the power supply end of the voltage detector, the ground end of the voltage detector is grounded, the output end of the voltage detector is connected to the positive pole of the third diode, the negative pole of the third diode is connected to the other end of the second resistor, the other end of the second capacitor is grounded, the negative pole of the first diode is connected to the positive pole of the second diode and one end of the supercapacitor, the other end of the supercapacitor is grounded, the negative pole of the second diode is connected to the first input end of the ordinary battery module, the input end of the voltage switching prompt module, and the positive pole of the fourth diode, the negative pole of the fourth diode is connected to the first input end of the voltage output module, and the voltage detector model is BD4954.

4. The solar cell-based power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ordinary battery module includes a third resistor, a first switch, a first interface, a second interface, and an ordinary battery. The negative pole of the ordinary battery is grounded, the positive pole of the ordinary battery is connected to one end of the first switch, the other end of the first switch is connected to the first interface or the second interface, the other end of the first interface is connected to one end of the third resistor, the other end of the third resistor is connected to the first output end of the supercapacitor module, and the other end of the second interface is connected to the first input end of the voltage output module.

5. The solar cell-based power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage output module includes a fixed output interface unit and a controllable output interface unit. There is at least one fixed output interface unit and a plurality of controllable output interface units are provided. The fixed output interface unit includes a fifth diode, the positive electrode of the fifth diode is connected to the second output end of the supercapacitor module and the output end of the ordinary battery module, and the negative electrode of the fifth diode is connected to the load. The controllable output interface unit includes a second switch and a sixth diode, one end of the second switch is connected to the second output end of the supercapacitor module and the output end of the ordinary battery module, the other end of the second switch is connected to the positive electrode of the sixth diode, and the negative electrode of the sixth diode is connected to the load.

6. The solar cell-based power supply system according to any one of claims 1, 4 and 5, characterized in that: The voltage switching prompt module includes: A voltage sampling unit is used to sample the output voltage of the supercapacitor module, obtain the sampled voltage, and output it to the voice prompt unit and the voltage switching unit; A voice prompt unit, used for giving a voice prompt indicating that the supercapacitor voltage is insufficient when the sampled voltage is lower than a first threshold; A voltage switching unit, used to control the common battery module to supply power to the voltage output module and disconnect part of the interfaces of the power output module when the sampled voltage is lower than a second threshold value; The input end of the voltage sampling unit is connected to the first output end of the supercapacitor module, the output end of the voltage sampling unit is connected to the input end of the voice prompt unit and the input end of the voltage switching unit, and the output end of the voltage switching unit is connected to the second input end of the ordinary battery module and the second input end of the voltage output module.

7. The solar cell-based power supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The voltage sampling unit includes a fourth resistor, a first potentiometer, and a fifth resistor. One end of the fourth resistor is connected to the first output end of the supercapacitor module, the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to one end of the first potentiometer, the other end of the first potentiometer is connected to one end of the fifth resistor, the other end of the fifth resistor is grounded, and the sliding end of the first potentiometer is connected to the input end of the voice prompt unit and the input end of the voltage switching unit.

8. The solar cell-based power supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The voice prompt unit includes a third amplifier, a third triode, a ninth diode, and a voice chip. The inverting end of the third amplifier is connected to the output end of the voltage sampling unit, the non-inverting end of the third amplifier is connected to the first reference voltage, the output end of the third amplifier is connected to the base of the third triode, the emitter of the third triode is connected to the anode of the ninth diode, the cathode of the ninth diode is grounded, the collector of the third triode is connected to one end of the voice chip, and the other end of the voice chip is connected to the first output end of the supercapacitor module.

9. The solar cell-based power supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The voltage switching unit includes a second amplifier, a second triode, a first relay, and a tenth diode. The inverting end of the second amplifier is connected to the output end of the voltage sampling unit, the non-inverting end of the second amplifier is connected to the second reference voltage, the output end of the second amplifier is connected to the base of the second triode, the emitter of the second triode is grounded, the collector of the second triode is connected to one end of the first relay and the positive electrode of the tenth diode, and the other end of the first relay is connected to the negative electrode of the tenth diode and the first output end of the supercapacitor module.

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