Photovoltaic power generation device for mining area

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic power generation device for a mining area, which comprises a bracket, a mounting plate is mounted on the bracket through a posture adjusting device, a plurality of photovoltaic panels are fixed at the top end of the mounting plate, a cleaning device is mounted on the mounting plate, and a main control device is mounted on the bottom surface of the mounting plate. The main control device comprises a posture adjusting module, a sweeping control module, a parameter monitoring module, an energy management module and a communication module, the posture adjusting module and the posture adjusting device are matched to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel, and the sweeping control module and the sweeping device are matched to sweep sundries on the photovoltaic panel; the parameter monitoring module comprises a voltage sampling unit, a current sampling unit, a temperature sampling unit and a parameter processing unit. The parameter processing unit estimates the state of the photovoltaic panel based on the improved random forest. The inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel can be dynamically adjusted, dust and impurities on the surface of the photovoltaic panel can be cleaned in time, light transmission is kept, the service life of equipment is prolonged, and real-time monitoring and analysis are carried out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic power generation device used in a mining area. Background Art

[0002] The efficient operation of modern mining areas and energy storage power stations has put forward higher requirements for energy management. Under the current background, the power supply of mining areas mainly relies on external power grids or diesel generators, and these methods have obvious shortcomings in terms of coverage, energy efficiency and environmental protection. For example, it is often difficult to achieve grid coverage in remote mining areas, and diesel generators face the problems of high emissions and low efficiency. At the same time, the complex and harsh operating environment has aggravated the loss of power generation equipment and further reduced the operational reliability. Although some photovoltaic power generation and energy storage technologies have been applied to mining areas and energy storage systems, such as photovoltaic panels with adjustable inclination angles and energy-saving energy storage devices, their intelligence level is limited, lacking the ability to adapt to environmental changes in real time, and the maintenance cost is high. In addition, there are still obvious deficiencies in data collection and analysis, power generation efficiency optimization, etc. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a power generation and energy storage device that can operate stably in harsh environments and has efficient energy management, intelligent monitoring and maintenance optimization functions to meet the actual needs of modern mining areas and energy storage systems.

[0003] In the prior art, for example, the patent with authorization announcement number CN216667536U discloses an energy-saving street lamp storage control device, including a base, a photosensor and a light shielding box. A vertical pole is arranged on one side above the base, and a fixing plate is arranged at the bottom end of the vertical pole.

[0004] Although the utility model can be switched on and off according to whether the weather is sunny or dark, thereby improving the convenience of using the street lamp, its power generation system design is relatively simple and difficult to adapt to the complex environment of the mining area. The power generation efficiency and stability need to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic power generation device for use in a mining area to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a photovoltaic power generation device for use in mining areas, including a bracket, wherein the bracket is installed with a mounting plate through a posture adjustment device, a plurality of photovoltaic panels are fixed on the top of the mounting plate, a cleaning device is installed on the mounting plate, and a main control device is installed on the bottom of the mounting plate. The main control device includes a posture adjustment module, a cleaning control module, a parameter monitoring module, an energy management module and a communication module that are signal-connected to each other, the posture adjustment module and the posture adjustment device cooperate to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel, the cleaning control module and the cleaning device cooperate to clean the debris on the photovoltaic panel, the parameter monitoring module includes a voltage sampling unit, a current sampling unit, a temperature sampling unit and a parameter processing unit, and the parameter processing unit estimates the state of the photovoltaic panel based on an improved random forest.

[0007] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the specific steps of the parameter processing unit estimating the state of the photovoltaic panel based on the improved random forest include:

[0008] S1. Obtaining a historical data set of the photovoltaic panel;

[0009] S2, extracting feature data based on wavelet transform;

[0010] S3, reduce the dimension of data based on principal component analysis;

[0011] S4, divide the historical data set into training set D1 and test set D2, and extract k samples from the training set D1 by using the Bootstrap method;

[0012] S5. For k samples, randomly select m candidate features of decision tree branch nodes from M input features, determine the best node and the best branch according to the feature impurity index, and continue to divide downward until the depth D of the decision tree is reached or all samples of the node are of the same category, and establish k decision tree classification models respectively;

[0013] S6. Optimize the number of decision trees k, the number of extracted features m and the depth of decision trees D in the random forest based on the improved whale algorithm;

[0014] S7, obtaining the operating data of the photovoltaic panel, repeating S2 and S3, and then inputting it into the random forest model to output the result.

[0015] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the specific steps of optimizing the number of decision trees k, the number of extracted features m and the depth D of the decision tree in the random forest based on the improved whale algorithm in S6 are:

[0016] S61, initialization parameters: set the population size, spatial dimension to three, maximum number of iterations and initial population of whales;

[0017] S62. Generate reverse population: There is an individual in three-dimensional space x1, x2 and x3 represent the number of decision trees k, the number of extracted features m and the depth of the decision tree D respectively, and x i ∈[l i ,u i ],i=1,2,3;l i and u i are the upper and lower bounds of respectively, then the reverse individual is X'=(x'1,x'2,x'3), x' i = l i +u i -x i ;

[0018] S63, Boundary condition processing: process the individuals in the population separately and calculate the coefficient vector and Generate uniformly distributed decision random number ρ,

[0019]

[0020] in, is the control vector, and decreases from 2 to 0 as the number of iterations increases during the entire iteration cycle. is a random vector on [0,1];

[0021] S64, calculating the fitness value: taking the classification accuracy as the fitness function, calculating the fitness value of each individual in the initial population and the reverse population according to the fitness function, selecting the individual with higher fitness, and placing it in the corresponding position of the final initial population;

[0022] S65, predation to find the optimal solution:

[0023] Random search for prey: When ρ < 0.5 and hour,

[0024]

[0025] Where t is the current iteration number, is the position vector of a randomly selected individual in the current population, is the position vector of the current whale individual in the tth generation;

[0026] Contraction to surround the prey: When ρ < 0.5 and hour,

[0027]

[0028] in, is the position vector of the best individual in the current group;

[0029] Spiral update position: When ρ ≥ 0.5,

[0030]

[0031] Where s is a constant used to define the shape of the logarithmic spiral, and l is a uniformly distributed random number between [-1,1];

[0032] S66, introduce a disturbance mechanism, for the optimal individual have

[0033]

[0034] Among them, cauch y(0,1) is the Cauchy operator;

[0035] S67. Repeat S62 to S66 until the maximum number of iterations is met.

[0036] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the posture adjustment device includes two light sensor units and a first drive motor unit, the two light sensor units are respectively fixed at the left and right ends of the mounting plate, the first drive motor unit is fixed at the top of the bracket, the posture adjustment module includes a first AD conversion unit and a posture adjustment unit, the two light sensor units are used to measure the light intensity at the left and right ends of the photovoltaic panel, the first AD conversion unit is used to convert the analog signals output by the two light sensor units into digital signals, and the posture adjustment unit controls the forward and reverse rotation of the first drive motor unit by comparing the light intensity at the left and right ends of the photovoltaic panel.

[0037] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the cleaning device includes a light source unit, a filter and a light source receiving unit, the filter and the light source receiving unit are installed on one side of the mounting plate, and the light source unit is installed on the other side of the mounting plate, the light emitted by the light source unit passes through the surface of the photovoltaic panel and the filter in sequence and is received by the light source receiving unit, the color of the light emitted by the light source unit is the same as the color of the filter, and the light source unit, the filter and the light source receiving unit are used to measure the cleanliness of the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0038] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the cleaning device also includes a slide rail fixed to the top surface of the mounting plate, a second drive motor unit is installed on the slide rail, and a plurality of bristles are regularly arranged on the bottom surface of the second drive motor unit.

[0039] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the cleaning device also includes two water tanks, two water pump units and two nozzles. The two water tanks are respectively fixed on the left and right sides of the bottom surface of the mounting plate, the two water pump units are respectively fixed on the left and right side surfaces of the mounting plate, and the two nozzles are respectively fixed at the top ends of the left and right sides of the mounting plate. The water inlet of the water pump unit is connected to the water tank on the same side, and the water outlet of the water pump unit is connected to the nozzle on the same side through a water pipe.

[0040] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the cleaning control module includes a second AD conversion unit and a cleaning control unit. A cleanliness threshold is set in the cleaning control unit. The second AD conversion unit is used to convert the analog signal output by the light source receiving unit into a digital signal. When the output signal of the second AD conversion unit is greater than the cleanliness threshold, the cleaning control unit controls the forward and reverse rotation of the second drive motor unit and the water pump unit on one side to pump water.

[0041] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the energy management module includes a DC / DC rectifier, an energy storage ESS battery system and an AC / DC bidirectional inverter. The output end of the photovoltaic panel is simultaneously connected to the DC / DC rectifier and the AC / DC bidirectional inverter. The DC / DC rectifier, the energy storage ESS battery system and the AC / DC bidirectional inverter are electrically connected in sequence.

[0042] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the communication module transmits all operating data to the cloud management platform, and the operation and maintenance personnel remotely monitor through the smart terminal and optimize and adjust the energy storage strategy.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: in the photovoltaic power generation device used in the mining area, the posture adjustment device can dynamically adjust the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel to maximize the utilization rate of light energy; the cleaning device cleans the sand and impurities on the surface of the photovoltaic panel to maintain light transmittance and extend the life of the equipment; the parameter monitoring module collects and analyzes operating data such as voltage, current, and temperature in real time, thereby realizing operating status evaluation, abnormality detection, and predictive maintenance; the energy management module adjusts the power generation output and energy storage logic according to load demand to ensure the dynamic balance of power generation, energy storage, and electricity consumption, while being compatible with the existing power grid system in the mining area to enhance energy independence. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 It is one of the overall structural diagrams of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is the second overall structural diagram of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the main control device in the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 is a structural diagram of the posture adjustment device and the posture adjustment module in the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the cleaning device and the cleaning control module in the present invention;

[0049] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the parameter monitoring module in the present invention;

[0050] Figure 7 is a structural diagram of the energy management module in the present invention;

[0051] The meaning of each mark in the figure is:

[0052] 1. Bracket;

[0053] 2. posture adjustment device; 20. light sensor unit; 21. first drive motor unit;

[0054] 3. Mounting plate;

[0055] 4. Photovoltaic panels;

[0056] 5. Cleaning device; 50. Light source unit; 51. Filter; 52. Light source receiving unit; 53. Slide rail; 54. Second drive motor unit; 55. Water tank; 56. Water pump unit; 57. Sprinkler;

[0057] 6. Main control device; 60. Posture adjustment module; 600. First AD conversion unit; 601. Posture adjustment unit; 61. Cleaning control module; 610. Second AD conversion unit; 611. Cleaning control unit; 62. Parameter monitoring module; 620. Voltage sampling unit; 621. Current sampling unit; 622. Temperature sampling unit; 623. Parameter processing unit; 63. Energy management module; 630. DC / DC rectifier; 631. Energy storage ESS battery system; 632. AC / DC bidirectional inverter; 64. Communication module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] like Figure 1-Figure 7As shown, this embodiment provides a photovoltaic power generation device for use in a mining area, including a bracket 1, the bracket 1 is installed with a mounting plate 3 through a posture adjustment device 2, a plurality of photovoltaic panels 4 are fixed on the top of the mounting plate 3, a cleaning device 5 is installed on the mounting plate 3, and a main control device 6 is installed on the bottom surface of the mounting plate 3. The main control device 6 includes a posture adjustment module 60, a cleaning control module 61, a parameter monitoring module 62, an energy management module 63 and a communication module 64 that are connected to each other by signals. The posture adjustment module 60 and the posture adjustment device 2 cooperate to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel 4, the cleaning control module 61 and the cleaning device 5 cooperate to clean the debris on the photovoltaic panel 4, the parameter monitoring module 62 includes a voltage sampling unit 620, a current sampling unit 621, a temperature sampling unit 622 and a parameter processing unit 623, and the parameter processing unit 623 estimates the state of the photovoltaic panel 4 based on the improved random forest.

[0060] In this embodiment, the specific steps of the parameter processing unit 623 estimating the state of the photovoltaic panel 4 based on the improved random forest include:

[0061] S1, obtain the historical data set of photovoltaic panel 4;

[0062] S2. Extract feature data based on wavelet transform and select a suitable wavelet basis function φ(k). This function is usually a function with oscillation characteristics and good localization properties in both time and frequency domains. For a given signal y(k), continuous wavelet transform is achieved by translating and scaling the wavelet basis function φ(k) and then performing an inner product operation with the signal y(k).

[0063]

[0064] in, It means that the wavelet basis function φ(k) is stretched and translated to obtain the result. W(a,b,y(k)) is the coefficient of wavelet transform, a is the stretching factor, b is the translation factor, for The complex conjugate of , this transformation can be regarded as a measure of the similarity between the signal y(k) and the wavelet basis function φ(k) at different scales a and translation positions b. When a is small, the wavelet basis function φ(k) is compressed on the time axis, and the high-frequency components in the signal can be detected. When a is large, the low-frequency components in the signal can be detected.

[0065] S3. Reduce the dimension of the data based on principal component analysis. Assuming there are u samples and each sample has v variables, organize the data into a u×v matrix R and calculate each variable r j The mean and standard deviation s j, j = 1, 2, ..., v, and then normalize to obtain the standardized matrix Z. The standardized matrix Z is used to calculate the covariance matrix C. The covariance matrix C is a symmetric matrix of v × v, and its element c kl represents the covariance between the kth variable and the lth variable, k, l = 1, 2, ..., v, then

[0066]

[0067] Among them, z gk and z gl are all elements of the matrix Z, z gk represents the value of the kth variable in the gth sample, z gl Represents the value of the lth variable in the gth sample, and solves the corresponding eigenvalues ​​λ1,λ2,…,λ of the covariance matrix C v and eigenvectors w1,w2,…,w v , the eigenvalue represents the variance of the principal component, and the eigenvector represents the direction of the principal component. For the covariance matrix C, Cw = λw is satisfied, where λ is the eigenvalue and w is the corresponding eigenvector. The principal components are sorted according to the size of the eigenvalue, and several principal components whose cumulative contribution rate reaches a certain proportion are selected;

[0068] S4, divide the historical data set into training set D1 and test set D2, and extract k samples from the training set D1 by using the Bootstrap method;

[0069] S5. For k samples, randomly select m candidate features of decision tree branch nodes from M input features, determine the best node and the best branch according to the feature impurity index, and continue to divide downward until the depth D of the decision tree is reached or all samples of the node are of the same category, and establish k decision tree classification models respectively;

[0070] S6. Based on the improved whale algorithm, the number of decision trees k, the number of extracted features m and the depth of decision trees D in the random forest are optimized. The specific steps are as follows:

[0071] S61, initialization parameters: set the population size, spatial dimension to three, maximum number of iterations and initial population of whales;

[0072] S62. Generate reverse population: The search of the original population may be limited by the local optimal solution. The introduction of reverse population can effectively expand the search range. The individual positions of the reverse population are obtained based on the reverse calculation of the individual positions of the original population, which enables them to search in areas that are not fully explored by the original population, increasing the probability of finding the global optimal solution. The whale individuals in the original population may gather near a local optimal value, while the reverse population can explore other areas to avoid the algorithm from falling into the local optimal value too early. There is an individual in three-dimensional space. x1, x2 and x3 represent the number of decision trees k, the number of extracted features m and the depth of the decision tree D respectively, and x i ∈[l i ,u i ],i=1,2,3;l i and u i are the upper and lower bounds of respectively, then the reverse individual is X'=(x'1,x'2,x'3), x' i = l i +u i -x i ;

[0073] S63, Boundary condition processing: process the individuals in the population separately and calculate the coefficient vector and Generate uniformly distributed decision random number ρ,

[0074]

[0075] in, is the control vector, and decreases from 2 to 0 as the number of iterations increases during the entire iteration cycle. is a random vector on [0,1];

[0076] S64, calculating the fitness value: taking the classification accuracy as the fitness function, calculating the fitness value of each individual in the initial population and the reverse population according to the fitness function, selecting the individual with higher fitness, and placing it in the corresponding position of the final initial population;

[0077] S65, predation to find the optimal solution:

[0078] Random search for prey: When ρ < 0.5 and hour,

[0079]

[0080] Where t is the current iteration number, is the position vector of a randomly selected individual in the current population, is the position vector of the current whale individual in the tth generation;

[0081] Contraction to surround the prey: When ρ < 0.5 and hour,

[0082]

[0083] in, is the position vector of the best individual in the current group;

[0084] Spiral update position: When ρ ≥ 0.5,

[0085]

[0086] Where s is a constant used to define the shape of the logarithmic spiral, and l is a uniformly distributed random number between [-1,1];

[0087] S66. Introduce a perturbation mechanism. During the iteration process, the optimal individual may fall into the trap of a local optimal solution. Cauchy perturbation is a random perturbation method based on Cauchy distribution. It has a long tail characteristic and can produce a large disturbance. Cauchy perturbation of the optimal individual can give it a chance to jump out of the local optimal solution area. have

[0088]

[0089] Among them, cauch y(0,1) is the Cauchy operator;

[0090] S67, repeat S62 to S66 until the maximum number of iterations is met, or the output results are the same after a certain number of iterations;

[0091] S7, obtaining the operating data of the photovoltaic panel 4, which can be obtained by the voltage sampling unit 620, the current sampling unit 621 and the temperature sampling unit 622, and other parameter acquisition units can be added, repeating S2 and S3, and then inputting it into the random forest model to output the result.

[0092] In this embodiment, the posture adjustment device 2 includes two light sensor units 20 and a first drive motor unit 21. The two light sensor units 20 are respectively fixed to the left and right ends of the mounting plate 3. The first drive motor unit 21 is fixed to the top of the bracket 1. The posture adjustment module 60 includes a first AD conversion unit 600 and a posture adjustment unit 601. The two light sensor units 20 are used to measure the light intensity at the left and right ends of the photovoltaic panel 4. A filtering unit and an amplification unit can be added. The first AD conversion unit 600 is used to convert the analog signals output by the two light sensor units 20 into digital signals. The posture adjustment unit 601 controls the forward and reverse rotation of the first drive motor unit 21 by comparing the light intensity at the left and right ends of the photovoltaic panel 4. When the light intensity at the left and right ends of the photovoltaic panel 4 is different, the posture adjustment unit 601 realizes the operation of the first drive motor unit 21 by controlling the H bridge or a special motor control chip, so that the light intensity at the left and right ends of the photovoltaic panel 4 is the same, so that the sunlight can be vertically irradiated on the photovoltaic panel 4, maximizing the utilization rate of light energy.

[0093] In this embodiment, the cleaning device 5 includes a light source unit 50, a filter 51 and a light source receiving unit 52. The filter 51 and the light source receiving unit 52 are installed on one side of the mounting plate 3, and the light source unit 50 is installed on the other side of the mounting plate 3. The light emitted by the light source unit 50 passes through the surface of the photovoltaic panel 4 and the filter 51 in sequence and is received by the light source receiving unit 52. The color of the light emitted by the light source unit 50 is the same as the color of the filter 51. The light source unit 50, the filter 51 and the light source receiving unit 52 are used to measure the cleanliness of the surface of the photovoltaic panel 4. Taking blue light as an example, the light source unit 50 is driven by a constant current source to drive a blue light LED to emit light. The blue light is irradiated on the photovoltaic panel 4. Part of the blue light is reflected by the photovoltaic panel 4, and part of the blue light is scattered and absorbed by the dust on the surface of the photovoltaic panel 4. The more dust there is on the surface of the photovoltaic panel 4, the enhanced the scattering and absorption, and the weaker the light intensity received by the light source receiving unit 52. The filter 51 is also blue, which can filter out the influence of ambient light.

[0094] Furthermore, the cleaning device 5 also includes a slide rail 53 fixed to the top surface of the mounting plate 3, on which a second drive motor unit 54 is mounted, and a plurality of bristles are regularly arranged on the bottom surface of the second drive motor unit 54, so that the reciprocating motion of the second drive motor unit 54 can complete the cleaning work.

[0095] Furthermore, the cleaning device 5 also includes two water tanks 55, two water pump units 56 and two nozzles 57. The two water tanks 55 are respectively fixed to the left and right sides of the bottom surface of the mounting plate 3, the two water pump units 56 are respectively fixed to the left and right side surfaces of the mounting plate 3, and the two nozzles 57 are respectively fixed to the top ends of the left and right sides of the mounting plate 3. The water inlet of the water pump unit 56 is connected to the water tank 55 on the same side, and the water outlet of the water pump unit 56 is connected to the nozzle 57 on the same side through water pipes. When cleaning is needed, water is sprayed by the higher-end nozzle 57 to facilitate cleaning.

[0096] Furthermore, the cleaning control module 61 includes a second AD conversion unit 610 and a cleaning control unit 611. A cleanliness threshold is set in the cleaning control unit 611. The second AD conversion unit 610 is used to convert the analog signal output by the light source receiving unit 52 into a digital signal. A filtering unit and an amplifying unit can also be added. When the output signal of the second AD conversion unit 610 is greater than the cleanliness threshold, the cleaning control unit 611 controls the second driving motor unit 54 to rotate forward and reverse and the water pump unit 56 on one side to pump water, so as to maintain light transmittance and extend the life of the equipment.

[0097] In this embodiment, the energy management module 63 includes a DC / DC rectifier 630, an energy storage ESS battery system 631 and an AC / DC bidirectional inverter 632. The output end of the photovoltaic panel 4 is connected to the DC / DC rectifier 630 and the AC / DC bidirectional inverter 632 at the same time. The DC / DC rectifier 630, the energy storage ESS battery system 631 and the AC / DC bidirectional inverter 632 are electrically connected in sequence. The DC / DC rectifier 630 is mainly responsible for converting the unstable direct current output by the photovoltaic panel 4 into a stable direct current voltage to meet the needs of subsequent energy storage and electrical equipment. By adjusting the working state of the DC / DC rectifier 630, the output power of the photovoltaic panel 4 can be optimized and the power generation efficiency can be improved.

[0098] The energy storage ESS battery system 631 is used to store the excess electric energy generated by the photovoltaic panel 4. When there is sufficient sunlight, the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic panel 4 is not only supplied to the load, but the remaining part is stored in the energy storage ESS battery system 631. When there is insufficient sunlight or the load demand suddenly increases, the energy storage ESS battery system 631 can release the stored electric energy to ensure the stable power supply of the system, effectively balance the difference between power generation and power consumption, and improve the energy utilization efficiency. The AC / DC bidirectional inverter 632 realizes the conversion between direct current and alternating current. On the one hand, it converts the direct current output by the DC / DC rectifier 630 into alternating current for use by the AC load in the mining area; on the other hand, when it is necessary to feed the electric energy in the energy storage ESS battery system 631 back to the power grid, the AC / DC bidirectional inverter 632 can also convert direct current into alternating current and transmit it to the power grid, thereby realizing the compatibility of the photovoltaic power generation system with the existing power grid system in the mining area and improving the energy independence of the entire system.

[0099] In this embodiment, the communication module 64 transmits all operating data to the cloud management platform. The operation and maintenance personnel remotely monitor through the intelligent terminal and optimize and adjust the energy storage strategy. During the remote monitoring process, the operation and maintenance personnel can intuitively view various data indicators and promptly discover potential problems or abnormal conditions. For example, when the power generation power of the photovoltaic panel 4 drops abnormally, the operation and maintenance personnel can quickly obtain relevant information through the intelligent terminal and make a preliminary fault judgment. At the same time, based on the analysis of real-time data and historical data, the operation and maintenance personnel can also optimize and adjust the energy storage strategy. They can also reasonably arrange the charging and discharging time and power reserve of the energy storage ESS battery system 631 according to the power consumption rules and weather forecast information of the mining area, so as to maximize the use of solar energy resources, reduce energy costs, and improve the overall performance and reliability of the system. The functions of remote monitoring and optimization adjustment have greatly improved the operation and maintenance efficiency of photovoltaic power generation devices, reduced operation and maintenance costs, and ensured the stable operation of the system in the complex environment of the mining area.

[0100] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic power generation device for use in a mining area, characterized in that: The invention comprises a support (1), wherein the support (1) is provided with a mounting plate (3) via a posture adjustment device (2), a plurality of photovoltaic panels (4) are fixed to the top of the mounting plate (3), a cleaning device (5) is installed on the mounting plate (3), a main control device (6) is installed on the bottom surface of the mounting plate (3), and the main control device (6) comprises a posture adjustment module (60), a cleaning control module (61), a parameter monitoring module (62), an energy management module (63) and a communication module (64) which are mutually signal-connected, and the The posture adjustment module (60) and the posture adjustment device (2) cooperate to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel (4), the cleaning control module (61) and the cleaning device (5) cooperate to clean the debris on the photovoltaic panel (4), and the parameter monitoring module (62) includes a voltage sampling unit (620), a current sampling unit (621), a temperature sampling unit (622) and a parameter processing unit (623), and the parameter processing unit (623) estimates the state of the photovoltaic panel (4) based on the improved random forest.

2. The photovoltaic power generation device for mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of the parameter processing unit (623) estimating the state of the photovoltaic panel (4) based on the improved random forest include: S1, obtaining a historical data set of the photovoltaic panel (4); S2, extracting feature data based on wavelet transform; S3, reduce the dimension of data based on principal component analysis; S4, divide the historical data set into training set D1 and test set D2, and extract k samples from the training set D1 by using the Bootstrap method; S5. For k samples, randomly select m candidate features of decision tree branch nodes from M input features, determine the best node and the best branch according to the feature impurity index, and continue to divide downward until the depth D of the decision tree is reached or all samples of the node are of the same category, and establish k decision tree classification models respectively; S6. Optimize the number of decision trees k, the number of extracted features m and the depth of decision trees D in the random forest based on the improved whale algorithm; S7, obtaining the operating data of the photovoltaic panel (4), repeating S2 and S3, and then inputting the data into the random forest model to output the result.

3. The photovoltaic power generation device for mining areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps of optimizing the number of decision trees k, the number of extracted features m and the depth D of the decision tree in the random forest based on the improved whale algorithm in S6 are: S61, initialization parameters: set the population size, spatial dimension to three, maximum number of iterations and initial population of whales; S62. Generate reverse population: There is an individual in three-dimensional space x1, x2 and x3 represent the number of decision trees k, the number of extracted features m and the depth of the decision tree D respectively, and x i ∈[l i ,u i ],i=1,2,3;l i and u i are the upper and lower bounds of respectively, then the reverse individual is X'=(x'1,x'2,x'3), x' i = l i +u i -x i ; S63, Boundary condition processing: process the individuals in the population separately and calculate the coefficient vector and Generate uniformly distributed decision random number ρ, in, is the control vector, and decreases from 2 to 0 as the number of iterations increases during the entire iteration cycle. is a random vector on [0,1]; S64, calculating the fitness value: taking the classification accuracy as the fitness function, calculating the fitness value of each individual in the initial population and the reverse population according to the fitness function, selecting the individual with higher fitness, and placing it in the corresponding position of the final initial population; S65, predation to find the optimal solution: Random search for prey: When ρ < 0.5 and hour, Where t is the current iteration number, is the position vector of a randomly selected individual in the current population, is the position vector of the current whale individual in the tth generation; Contraction to surround the prey: When ρ < 0.5 and hour, in, is the position vector of the best individual in the current group; Spiral update position: When ρ ≥ 0.5, Where s is a constant used to define the shape of the logarithmic spiral, and l is a uniformly distributed random number between [-1,1]; S66, introduce a disturbance mechanism, for the optimal individual have Among them, cauch y(0,1) is the Cauchy operator; S67. Repeat S62 to S66 until the maximum number of iterations is met.

4. The photovoltaic power generation device for use in mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The posture adjustment device (2) comprises two light sensor units (20) and a first drive motor unit (21), the two light sensor units (20) being fixed to the left and right ends of the mounting plate (3) respectively, the first drive motor unit (21) being fixed to the top of the bracket (1), the posture adjustment module (60) comprising a first AD conversion unit (600) and a posture adjustment unit (601), the two light sensor units (20) being used to measure the light intensity at the left and right ends of the photovoltaic panel (4), the first AD conversion unit (600) being used to convert the analog signals output by the two light sensor units (20) into digital signals, and the posture adjustment unit (601) controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the first drive motor unit (21) by comparing the light intensity at the left and right ends of the photovoltaic panel (4).

5. The photovoltaic power generation device for use in mining areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cleaning device (5) comprises a light source unit (50), a filter (51) and a light source receiving unit (52); the filter (51) and the light source receiving unit (52) are mounted on one side of the mounting plate (3); the light source unit (50) is mounted on the other side of the mounting plate (3); the light emitted by the light source unit (50) passes through the surface of the photovoltaic panel (4) and the filter (51) in sequence and is then received by the light source receiving unit (52); the color of the light emitted by the light source unit (50) is the same as the color of the filter (51); the light source unit (50), the filter (51) and the light source receiving unit (52) are used to measure the cleanliness of the surface of the photovoltaic panel (4).

6. The photovoltaic power generation device for use in mining areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cleaning device (5) further comprises a slide rail (53) fixed to the top surface of the mounting plate (3), a second drive motor unit (54) being mounted on the slide rail (53), and a plurality of bristles being regularly arranged on the bottom surface of the second drive motor unit (54).

7. The photovoltaic power generation device for use in mining areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cleaning device (5) further comprises two water tanks (55), two water pump units (56) and two nozzles (57); the two water tanks (55) are respectively fixed to the left and right sides of the bottom surface of the mounting plate (3); the two water pump units (56) are respectively fixed to the left and right sides of the mounting plate (3); the two nozzles (57) are respectively fixed to the top ends of the left and right sides of the mounting plate (3); the water inlet of the water pump unit (56) is connected to the water tank (55) on the same side, and the water outlet of the water pump unit (56) is connected to the nozzle (57) on the same side through water pipes.

8. The photovoltaic power generation device for use in mining areas according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cleaning control module (61) comprises a second AD conversion unit (610) and a cleaning control unit (611), wherein a cleanliness threshold is provided in the cleaning control unit (611), and the second AD conversion unit (610) is used to convert the analog signal output by the light source receiving unit (52) into a digital signal, and when the output signal of the second AD conversion unit (610) is greater than the cleanliness threshold, the cleaning control unit (611) controls the second driving motor unit (54) to rotate forward and reverse and controls the water pump unit (56) on one side to pump water.

9. The photovoltaic power generation device for mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy management module (63) comprises a DC / DC rectifier (630), an energy storage ESS battery system (631) and an AC / DC bidirectional inverter (632); the output end of the photovoltaic panel (4) is simultaneously connected to the DC / DC rectifier (630) and the AC / DC bidirectional inverter (632); the DC / DC rectifier (630), the energy storage ESS battery system (631) and the AC / DC bidirectional inverter (632) are electrically connected in sequence.

10. The photovoltaic power generation device for mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication module (64) transmits all operating data to the cloud management platform, and the operation and maintenance personnel remotely monitor through the intelligent terminal and optimize and adjust the energy storage strategy.

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