Compound feed for improving summer high-temperature resistance of haliotis diversicolor and preparation method of compound feed

Abstract

The invention relates to a compound feed capable of improving summer high-temperature resistance of haliotis diversicolor and a preparation method of the compound feed, and belongs to the field of aquatic feed. The compound feed disclosed by the invention is prepared from the following raw materials: dl-alpha-tocopherol and selenium-enriched yeast. The green disc abalone compound feed comprises the following basic components: fish meal, soybean meal, vital gluten, high gluten flour, fish oil, soybean lecithin, composite vitamins, composite minerals, beer yeast, kelp powder, vitamin C, choline chloride, sodium alginate, monocalcium phosphate, ethoxyquin and microcrystalline cellulose. Dl-alpha-tocopherol and selenium-enriched yeast are added as additives on the basis of the basic raw materials. The invention further provides a preparation method of the green disc abalone oversummer feed. The prepared finished feed can reduce the accumulative death rate of the green disc abalone in the summer culture period, and solves the problem of safe summer crossing of the green disc abalone.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of aquatic feed, and particularly relates to a compound feed for improving the high temperature resistance of abalone in summer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Green disc abalone (Haliotisdiscus hannai♀×H.fulgens♂) is an important economic abalone species in Fujian. Studies have shown that the best seawater temperature range for the growth of green disc abalone is 13-22℃, and the seawater temperature is in a dangerous period when it is 22-28℃. However, in summer, especially in the hot season from July to September, the seawater temperature in Fujian gradually rises, even up to 30℃, which leads to the mass death of green disc abalone.

[0003] High temperatures in summer are a major challenge for abalone farming. Under high temperature conditions, abalone are susceptible to heat stress, which can lead to decreased immune function, digestive disorders, slower growth, and even death. In addition, high temperatures also limit the growth of kelp, resulting in a shortage of natural bait and reducing the nutritional value of kelp, which in turn affects the nutritional intake of abalone and exacerbates its intolerance to high temperatures.

[0004] Feed ingredients and formula have an important impact on the growth and immune function of green disc abalone. However, most of the green disc abalone feed formulas on the market have not been specially optimized for the high temperature environment in summer, and lack an in-depth understanding of the physiological characteristics of green disc abalone under high temperature conditions and corresponding formula adjustments.

[0005] dl-α-tocopherol, a form of vitamin E, has antioxidant effects and can help green abalone reduce damage caused by heat stress, improve its immune function, and promote growth and survival. Selenium-enriched yeast is rich in organic selenium, which can enhance the antioxidant capacity of green abalone and improve its ability to adapt to high temperature environments.

[0006] Therefore, the present invention is proposed in response to this demand, and aims to improve the ability of green abalone to resist high temperature in summer by optimizing feed formula and preparation process, so as to provide effective support for the development of green abalone breeding industry. Summary of the invention

[0007] The invention provides a compound feed for improving the high temperature resistance of abalone in summer and a preparation method thereof, solves the problem of lack of natural bait in summer through nutritional intervention, satisfies the nutritional needs of abalone in summer, and reduces the mortality rate of abalone in summer.

[0008] The compound feed for improving the heat resistance of the green disc abalone in summer comprises raw materials including basic feed, dl-α-tocopherol and selenium-enriched yeast; wherein the added amount of dl-α-tocopherol in each kilogram of the basic feed is 0.1-0.5 g, and the added amount of selenium-enriched yeast is 0.3-0.6 mg.

[0009] The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned purpose is: a compound feed for improving the high temperature resistance of green abalone in summer, which is composed of the following components by weight percentage: 17.25% fish meal, 18.85% soybean meal, 6% gluten powder, 15% high-gluten flour, 0.65% fish oil, 1.5% soybean lecithin, 2% complex vitamins, 2% complex minerals, 8% brewer's yeast, 20% kelp powder, 0.4% vitamin C, 0.2% choline chloride, 2% sodium alginate, 2% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% ethoxyquinoline, and 4.05% microcrystalline cellulose. Based on each kilogram of basic feed, the added amount of dl-α-tocopherol is 0.5g, and the added amount of selenium-enriched yeast is 0.6mg.

[0010] Furthermore, the multivitamin is mixed with the following substances: 120 parts of thiamine, 100 parts of riboflavin, 30 parts of folic acid, 800 parts of niacin, 40 parts of vitamin B6, 200 parts of calcium pantothenate, 4000 parts of inositol, 12 parts of biotin, 0.18 parts of vitamin B12, 30 parts of vitamin A, 0.25 parts of vitamin D, 180 parts of vitamin K, and the rest is zeolite powder.

[0011] Furthermore, the composite mineral is mixed by the following substances: 0.2g sodium chloride, 3g magnesium sulfate, 5g sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 6.4g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.04g manganese sulfate, 0.5g ferric citrate, 0.08g zinc sulfate, 2mg cobalt chloride, 0.6mg potassium iodate, 6mg copper sulfate, 4g calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and the rest is zeolite powder.

[0012] Furthermore, the finished compound feed is in flake form, has a total protein content of 29-30%, and a total fat content of 3.8-3.9%.

[0013] The present invention also provides a preparation method, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Grind all the raw materials to remove impurities, pass through an 80-mesh sieve, and set aside;

[0015] Step 2: According to the above mass percentages, fish meal, soybean meal, gluten powder, high-gluten flour, multivitamins, multiminerals, brewer's yeast, kelp powder, sodium alginate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, ethoxyquinoline, and microcrystalline cellulose are weighed respectively, and mixed thoroughly to obtain a feed mixture A for later use;

[0016] Step 3: According to the above mass percentage, weigh the fish oil and soybean lecithin respectively, and mix them with the feed mixture A in step 2 to obtain a feed mixture B for later use;

[0017] Step 4: Weigh vitamin C, choline chloride, dl-α-tocopherol and selenium-enriched yeast respectively according to the above mass percentages, add appropriate amount of clean water to fully melt them, and then fully mix them with the feed mixture in step 3 to prepare feed mixture C for standby use;

[0018] Step 5: Add clean water to the feed mixture C obtained in step 4, stir and mix thoroughly, put it into a dough kneading machine and knead it for 0.5 h until a tough dough is formed, to obtain feed mixture D, which is set aside;

[0019] Step 6: The feed mixture D obtained in step 5 is subjected to sheeting and slicing to obtain a sheet of 2 mm thick and 4×4 cm2 in size for later use;

[0020] Step 7, placing the flakes to be cooked obtained in step 6 under 90°C steam conditions for 20-30 minutes to obtain cooked feed for later use;

[0021] Step 8: The cooked feed obtained in step 7 is placed in a low temperature drying oven at 55°C until the water content is less than 10%, thereby obtaining a finished compound feed.

[0022] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the present invention can significantly improve the survival rate of green abalone when it is cultured in natural sea areas in summer by adding dl-α-tocopherol and selenium-enriched yeast, thereby effectively solving the problem of green abalone surviving the summer and insufficient bait. The present invention has a simple preparation process, simple operation, and good culture effect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The purpose and technical solution of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] The compound feed for improving the summer heat resistance of abalone of this embodiment is composed of the following components in weight percentage: 17.25% fish meal, 18.85% soybean meal, 6% gluten, 15% high-gluten flour, 0.65% fish oil, 1.5% soybean lecithin, 2% complex vitamins, 2% complex minerals, 8% brewer's yeast, 20% kelp powder, 0.4% vitamin C, 0.2% choline chloride, 2% sodium alginate, 2% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% ethoxyquinoline, and 4.05% microcrystalline cellulose. Based on each kilogram of basic feed, the amount of dl-α-tocopherol added is 0.5g, and the amount of selenium-enriched yeast added is 0.6mg.

[0026] The composite vitamins and composite minerals are composed of the following parts by mass: 120 parts of thiamine, 100 parts of riboflavin, 30 parts of folic acid, 800 parts of niacin, 40 parts of vitamin B6, 200 parts of calcium pantothenate, 4000 parts of inositol, 12 parts of biotin, 0.18 parts of vitamin B12, 30 parts of vitamin A, 0.25 parts of vitamin D, 180 parts of vitamin K, 0.2g of sodium chloride, 3g of magnesium sulfate, 5g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 6.4g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.04g of manganese sulfate, 0.5g of ferric citrate, 0.08g of zinc sulfate, 2mg of cobalt chloride, 0.6mg of potassium iodate, 6mg of copper sulfate, 4g of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and the rest is zeolite powder.

[0027] The preparation process of this embodiment is as follows:

[0028] Step 1: Crush all raw materials to remove impurities, pass through an 80-mesh sieve, and set aside;

[0029] Step 2: According to the above mass percentages, fish meal, soybean meal, gluten powder, high-gluten flour, multivitamins, multiminerals, brewer's yeast, kelp powder, sodium alginate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, ethoxyquinoline, and microcrystalline cellulose are weighed respectively, and mixed thoroughly to obtain a feed mixture A for later use;

[0030] Step 3: According to the above mass percentage, weigh the fish oil and soybean lecithin respectively, and mix them with the feed mixture A in step 2 to prepare the feed mixture B for later use;

[0031] Step 4: Weigh vitamin C, choline chloride, dl-α-tocopherol and selenium-enriched yeast respectively according to the above mass percentages, add appropriate amount of clean water to fully melt them, and then fully mix them with the feed mixture in step 3 to prepare feed mixture C for standby use;

[0032] Step 5: Add clean water to the feed mixture C obtained in step 4, stir and mix thoroughly, put it into a dough kneading machine and knead it for 0.5 h until a tough dough is formed, to obtain feed mixture D, which is set aside;

[0033] Step 6: The feed mixture D obtained in step 5 is tableted and sliced ​​to obtain a thickness of 2 mm and a size of 4×4 cm. 2 The flakes are ready for cooking and set aside;

[0034] Step 7, placing the flakes to be cooked obtained in step 6 under 90°C steam conditions for 20-30 minutes to obtain cooked feed for later use;

[0035] Step 8: The cooked feed obtained in step 7 is placed in a low temperature drying oven at 55°C until the water content is less than 10%, thereby obtaining a finished compound feed.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] The similarities are not repeated here. The difference from Example 1 is that, based on per kilogram of basic feed, the added amount of dl-α-tocopherol is 0.1 g, and the added amount of selenium-enriched yeast is 0.3 mg.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] The similarities are not repeated here. The difference from Example 1 is that, based on per kilogram of basic feed, the added amount of dl-α-tocopherol is 0.1 g, and the added amount of selenium-enriched yeast is 0.6 mg.

[0040] Example 4

[0041] The similarities are not repeated here. The difference from Example 1 is that, based on per kilogram of basic feed, the added amount of dl-α-tocopherol is 0.5 g, and the added amount of selenium-enriched yeast is 0.3 mg.

[0042] The mice fed with kelp were used as the control group.

[0043] Experimental design and culture environment

[0044] The breeding experiment was conducted at Zhongxin Yongfeng Industrial Co., Ltd. in Lianjiang County, Fujian Province (Lianjiang Houwan Sea Area). The experiment was conducted from August to early October (Fujian summer, seawater temperature 25.1-29.6℃), using offshore fish cage breeding.

[0045] 525 healthy green abalone (initial weight 19.22±0.07g) were randomly divided into 5 groups, each with 3 replicates, and fed with kelp, Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4 feeds for 80 days. After the feeding, the survival rate and weight gain rate of the green abalone were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0046] Table 1 Survival rate and weight gain rate of green abalone after summer culture

[0047] project Survival rate% Initial weight Final weight Weight gain% Control group <![CDATA[43.81±0.95 c ]]> 19.95±0.20 <![CDATA[24.79±0.32 b ]]> <![CDATA[24.26±0.61 b ]]> Example 1 <![CDATA[88.57±1.65 b ]]> 19.82±0.20 <![CDATA[31.79±0.42 a ]]> <![CDATA[60.47±2.52 a ]]> Example 2 <![CDATA[85.71±1.65 b ]]> 19.67±0.16 <![CDATA[31.70±0.32 a ]]> <![CDATA[61.15±1.90 a ]]> Example 3 <![CDATA[87.62±2.52 b ]]> 19.94±0.10 <![CDATA[32.12±0.31 a ]]> <![CDATA[61.13±2.23 a ]]> Example 4 <![CDATA[96.19±2.52 a ]]> 19.81±0.20 <![CDATA[32.95±0.57 a ]]> <![CDATA[66.31±3.25 a ]]>

[0048] It can be seen from the data in the table that compared with feeding kelp, the compound feed for improving the high temperature resistance of green abalone in summer prepared by the present invention can better improve the survival rate of green abalone in summer.

[0049] The above description is a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, replacement, improvement, etc. within the design and preparation principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound feed for improving the high temperature resistance of abalone in summer, characterized in that The raw materials of the compound feed include basic feed, dl-α-tocopherol and selenium-enriched yeast; wherein, the amount of dl-α-tocopherol added to each kilogram of basic feed is 0.1-0.5g, and the amount of selenium-enriched yeast added is 0.3-0.6mg.

2. A compound feed for improving the high temperature resistance of abalone in summer according to claim 1, characterized in that The basic feed includes the following components in weight percentage: fish meal 17.25%, soybean meal 18.85%, gluten powder 6%, high-gluten flour 15%, fish oil 0.65%, soybean lecithin 1.5%, complex vitamins 2%, complex minerals 2%, brewer's yeast 8%, kelp powder 20%, vitamin C 0.4%, choline chloride 0.2%, sodium alginate 2%, monocalcium phosphate 2%, ethoxyquinoline 0.1%, and microcrystalline cellulose 4.05%.

3. A compound feed for improving the high temperature resistance of abalone in summer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multivitamin formula is composed of the following parts by mass: 120 parts of thiamine, 100 parts of riboflavin, 30 parts of folic acid, 800 parts of niacin, 40 parts of vitamin B6, 200 parts of calcium pantothenate, 4000 parts of inositol, 12 parts of biotin, 0.18 parts of vitamin B12, 30 parts of vitamin A, 0.25 parts of vitamin D, 180 parts of vitamin K, and the rest is zeolite powder.

4. A compound feed for improving the high temperature resistance of abalone in summer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The composite minerals are added to every kilogram of basic feed: 0.2g sodium chloride, 3g magnesium sulfate, 5g sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 6.4g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.04g manganese sulfate, 0.5g ferric citrate, 0.08g zinc sulfate, 2mg cobalt chloride, 0.6mg potassium iodate, 6mg copper sulfate, 4g calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and the rest is zeolite powder.

5. A compound feed for improving the high temperature resistance of abalone in summer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The total protein content of the compound feed is 29-30%, and the total fat content is 3.8-3.9%.

6. A compound feed for improving the high temperature resistance of abalone in summer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The compound feed is in the form of flakes.

7. A method for preparing a compound feed for improving the high temperature resistance of abalone in summer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Crush all raw materials to remove impurities, pass through an 80-mesh sieve, and set aside; Step 2: According to the above mass percentages, fish meal, soybean meal, gluten powder, high-gluten flour, multivitamins, multiminerals, brewer's yeast, kelp powder, sodium alginate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, ethoxyquinoline, and microcrystalline cellulose are weighed respectively, and mixed thoroughly to obtain a feed mixture A for later use; Step 3: According to the above mass percentage, weigh the fish oil and soybean lecithin respectively, and mix them with the feed mixture A in step 2 to prepare the feed mixture B for later use; Step 4: Weigh vitamin C, choline chloride, dl-α-tocopherol and selenium-enriched yeast respectively according to the above mass percentages, add appropriate amount of clean water to fully melt them, and then fully mix them with the feed mixture B in step 3 to prepare feed mixture C for standby use; Step 5: Add clean water to the feed mixture C obtained in step 4, stir and mix thoroughly, put it into a dough kneading machine and knead it for 0.5 h until a tough dough is formed, to obtain a feed mixture D, which is set aside; Step 6: The feed mixture D obtained in step 5 is tableted and sliced ​​to obtain a thickness of 2 mm and a size of 4×4 cm. 2 The flakes are ready for cooking and set aside; Step 7, placing the flakes to be cooked obtained in step 6 under 90°C steam conditions for 20-30 minutes to obtain cooked feed for later use; Step 8: The cooked feed obtained in step 7 is placed in a low temperature drying oven at 55°C until the water content is less than 10%, thereby obtaining a finished compound feed.