Electroplating cathode hanger for large flat plate structure workpiece and preparation method of electroplating cathode hanger

Abstract

The electroplating cathode hanger for the large-scale flat plate structure workpiece comprises a main conductive plate, the upper part of the main conductive plate is provided with a structure connected with a cathode conductive part of an electroplating bath, and the lower part of the main conductive plate is provided with a strip-shaped conductive structure beneficial to uniform distribution of current; the auxiliary conductive part is an array type auxiliary cylinder of a composite structure and can tension a workpiece. The edge conductive part can be connected with the workpiece edge; the connecting base plate is used for connecting the edge conductive part and the main conductive plate and cooperating with a workpiece for tensioning; the fixing cover plate is used for fixing a workpiece. The preparation method comprises specific processing and assembling steps of each component, and insulation treatment is carried out on the non-conductive contact area. Compared with the prior art, the invention aims to solve the problem of poor electroplating uniformity of a large workpiece caused by the problems of insufficient conductivity, unreasonable structural design and the like of the existing hanger.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an electroplating cathode hanger, in particular to an electroplating cathode hanger for a large flat plate structure workpiece and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of industrial technology, large flat structural workpieces are increasingly used. Such workpieces are mainly used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, electronic equipment and decorative engineering. The quality of their surface electroplating is crucial to functionality, durability and appearance. However, traditional electroplating cathode hangers usually adopt edge conduction design. Due to the large size of large flat workpieces, the current will be unevenly distributed due to the resistance effect when the current is transmitted from the edge conductive position to the center of the workpiece. The current density in the edge area is large, and the thickness of the electroplating layer increases significantly, while the current density in the center is reduced, and the coating is thin or even missing. This phenomenon not only weakens the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the workpiece, but also seriously affects the overall quality of electroplating. In addition, the imbalance of electric field distribution in the electroplating of workpieces further aggravates the uneven thickness of the coating; at the same time, for low-strength workpieces such as thin plates or meshes, if there is a lack of reasonable tensioning and fixing measures during the electroplating process, it is easy to cause deformation of the workpiece or poor contact "virtual connection" phenomenon, which in turn affects the uniformity and effect of electroplating.

[0003] At present, the demand for electroplating of large flat workpieces is increasing. Common workpieces include aluminum alloy plates, titanium alloy plates, conductive glass substrates and stainless steel plates. These workpieces are large in size, thin in structure, and have diverse materials. The electroplating process is complex, and the requirements for hangers are more stringent. However, existing hangers have deficiencies in material selection, structural design and conductive properties, and cannot fully meet the needs of industrial production. Traditional hangers are mostly made of pure copper materials. Although they have good conductive properties, they are easily damaged in highly corrosive electroplating environments and have limited service life. The structural design is mainly based on straight conductive copper strips, which cannot effectively take into account the conductive needs of the middle part of large workpieces, especially in terms of thin plate tensioning and anti-deformation. In addition, although some complex multi-point conductive hangers improve current distribution, they are cumbersome in design and high in cost, making them difficult to use on a large scale in industry.

[0004] In the face of the above problems, the industry urgently needs a new type of hanger with reasonable design, low manufacturing cost and convenient operation to solve the problem of uneven electroplating of large flat workpieces. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cathode hanger for electroplating large flat workpieces and a preparation method thereof in order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, aiming to solve the problem of poor electroplating uniformity of large workpieces caused by the existing hangers due to insufficient conductivity and unreasonable structural design. Through reasonable material selection and innovative structural design, the hanger of the present invention significantly improves the uniform distribution of current during the electroplating process, especially for the center area of ​​the workpiece, which can effectively increase the current density, thereby improving the uniformity of the coating thickness.

[0006] The conception process of the present invention includes: the ideal hanger should provide uniform current distribution while ensuring the overall mechanical strength, especially significantly improving the uniformity of electroplating in the center of the workpiece. At the same time, the hanger needs to have good corrosion resistance to adapt to the environment of long-term contact with the electroplating solution. In addition, the hanger structure should be light and easy to operate, which is convenient for the installation and removal of the workpiece, thereby improving production efficiency. For workpieces of different sizes and shapes, the hanger must also have high versatility and adjustability to meet diverse production needs. Therefore, the development of a hanger design that can significantly improve the uniformity of electroplating and adapt to large flat workpieces is not only of great significance to the improvement of industrial production efficiency and product quality, but also provides key support for the innovation of large workpiece electroplating technology.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] The first aspect of the present invention provides a cathode hanger for electroplating of a large flat workpiece, comprising a main conductive plate, an auxiliary conductive component, an edge conductive component, a connecting pad, and a fixed cover plate, wherein specifically:

[0009] The main conductive plate has a connection structure for hanging the cathode conductive component of the electroplating tank on its upper part, and a conductive structure for connecting with the auxiliary conductive component on its lower part, and the conductive structure has a strip distribution feature on the plane to facilitate uniform current distribution;

[0010] The auxiliary conductive component is made of an inner conductive material and an outer corrosion-resistant material. The auxiliary conductive component is connected to the conductive structure of the main conductive plate and has a variable feature in the height direction. The variable feature is used to tension and prevent deformation of large flat plate structure workpieces.

[0011] The edge conductive component is connected to the main conductive plate and is used to connect to the edge of a large flat plate structure workpiece;

[0012] A connecting pad, made of conductive material, used to connect the edge conductive component with the main conductive plate and to make the edge conductive component have a preset height relationship with the auxiliary conductive component to match the tensioning of a large flat plate structure workpiece;

[0013] The fixed cover plate has a shape matched with the edge conductive component and is connected to the edge conductive component. The fixed cover plate is used to fix the workpiece.

[0014] Furthermore, the electroplating cathode rack also includes a reinforcing component, which is connected between the upper connecting structures of the main conductive plate to enhance its structural strength.

[0015] Furthermore, the main conductive plate is made by an integrated molding process, which is a laser cutting process or a precision casting process, so as to ensure the structural integrity and conductive uniformity of the main conductive plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the conductive structure of the main conductive plate is a strip structure that crosses horizontally and vertically, with a crossing angle ranging from 30 degrees to 90 degrees, a width of 3 to 15 mm, and a thickness of 2 to 8 mm, so as to enhance the uniformity of current conduction and the structural strength of the main conductive plate itself.

[0017] Furthermore, in the auxiliary conductive component, the inner conductive material is copper or copper alloy, the outer corrosion-resistant material is stainless steel or corrosion-resistant alloy, and the thickness of the outer corrosion-resistant material ranges from 0.3 to 1.5 mm.

[0018] Further, the auxiliary conductive component is an auxiliary cylinder arranged in an array on the conductive structure of the main conductive plate, the array is arranged in a rectangular array or a ring array, and the spacing between adjacent auxiliary cylinders is 10-50 mm;

[0019] The outer layer of corrosion-resistant material at one end of the auxiliary cylinder is removed, and the inner layer of conductive material is processed into an external thread segment, which is connected to the threaded hole on the main conductive plate through the external thread segment, thereby reducing contact resistance and improving conductive efficiency.

[0020] Furthermore, the change characteristics of the auxiliary conductive component in the height direction are: gradually decreasing from the middle to the surroundings to form an arc-shaped trend, and the curvature radius of the arc is adaptively adjusted according to the thickness and material of the workpiece to adapt to different types of large flat structure workpieces. Based on the arc-shaped trend of the auxiliary cylinder gradually decreasing from the middle to the surroundings, it plays a supporting and tensioning role on the workpiece.

[0021] Furthermore, the edge conductive component is made of conductive stainless steel, the model of the stainless steel is 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel or 316L stainless steel, and the shape of the edge conductive component is annular or a shape matching the edge profile of a large flat structure workpiece to ensure good edge conductive effect and versatility.

[0022] The conductive material of the connecting pad is copper or copper alloy, and the thickness thereof is in the range of 5-20 mm. The connecting pad is connected to the edge conductive component and the main conductive plate by threaded connection or welding.

[0023] Furthermore, the fixed cover plate is connected to the edge conductive component by bolts or snaps;

[0024] The main conductive plate is made of copper material, and the connection structure of the main conductive plate used for hanging the cathode conductive component in the electroplating tank is two parallel hooks.

[0025] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned electroplating cathode rack, comprising the following steps:

[0026] Preparation of the main conductive plate: Use red copper plate and process it into an integrated structure by laser cutting or precision casting. For the upper part, cut out two parallel hook shapes for hanging and bend them. For the lower part, cut out horizontal and vertical crossed strip-shaped conductive structures. The crossing angle is controlled to be between 30 and 90 degrees. The width of the strip-shaped structure is 3 to 15 mm, the thickness is 2 to 8 mm, and threaded holes are processed on the crossed strip-shaped structures.

[0027] Preparation of auxiliary conductive parts: select a composite pipe with an inner layer of copper or copper alloy and an outer layer of stainless steel or corrosion-resistant alloy with an outer layer thickness of 0.3 to 1.5 mm, process it into an auxiliary cylindrical shape, remove the outer corrosion-resistant material at one end of the cylinder, process the inner conductive material into an external thread segment, and arrange it in a rectangular array or annular array on the conductive structure at the bottom of the main conductive plate. The spacing between adjacent auxiliary cylinders is controlled to be 10-50 mm, and they are connected to the threaded holes on the main conductive plate through the external thread segment. During installation, the height of the auxiliary cylinder is adjusted so that it gradually decreases from the middle to the surroundings to form an arc trend, and the arc curvature radius is adaptively adjusted according to the thickness and material of the workpiece;

[0028] Preparation of edge conductive parts: Use 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel or 316L stainless steel material, process it into a ring shape or a shape that matches the edge profile of the workpiece, and process screw holes on it;

[0029] Preparation of connection pad: Use copper or copper alloy material to prepare a pad with a thickness of 5-20 mm, connect it between the main conductive plate and the edge conductive component by threaded connection or welding, and adjust the height of the edge conductive component relative to the auxiliary conductive component to make it 1-3 mm lower than the auxiliary conductive component;

[0030] Preparation of fixed cover plate: prepare a fixed cover plate that matches the shape of the edge conductive component, connect it to the edge conductive component by bolt connection or snap connection, and fix the workpiece;

[0031] Insulation protection treatment: Wrap the other parts of the hanger except the hook part, the surface where the top of the auxiliary cylinder contacts the workpiece, and the surface where the edge conductive plate contacts the workpiece with insulating glue. The insulating glue is made of acid-resistant, alkali-resistant, high-temperature resistant rubber, plastic or ceramic coating material.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] First, through the combined design of the main conductive plate and the auxiliary cylinder, the distribution of current on the workpiece surface is significantly optimized, especially the current density in the central area of ​​the workpiece is improved, which solves the problem of uneven coating thickness caused by edge conduction in traditional hangers, thereby significantly improving the electroplating uniformity and coating quality.

[0034] Secondly, the present invention adopts copper, stainless steel and their composite materials as main materials, which not only ensures excellent electrical conductivity, but also gives the hanger excellent corrosion resistance, can be used stably for a long time in the electroplating solution, and prolongs the service life of the hanger.

[0035] In addition, the structure of the hanger is reasonably designed, and the arc-shaped height distribution of the auxiliary cylinder realizes the tensioning and fixation of thin plates or mesh workpieces, preventing the workpieces from producing false connections due to deformation or poor contact during the electroplating process; the design of the annular edge conductive plate not only supplements the current distribution at the edge of the workpiece, but also can be flexibly adjusted according to the shape and size of the workpiece, thereby improving the adaptability and versatility of the hanger.

[0036] At the same time, the present invention adopts laser cutting integrated molding and threaded connection design, which simplifies the installation and disassembly of the hanger and significantly improves the efficiency of industrial operations.

[0037] In summary, the present invention has high conductivity, excellent corrosion resistance, wide applicability and convenient operability, and provides an efficient, reliable and low-cost technical solution for the electroplating of large flat workpieces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the hanger in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the main conductive plate in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the edge conductive plate;

[0041] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the cover plate;

[0042] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the auxiliary cylinder;

[0043] Figure 6It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the edge conductive plate and the auxiliary cylinder and the main conductive plate;

[0044] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the height distribution structure of the auxiliary cylinder;

[0045] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the height matrix distribution of the auxiliary cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Component models, material names, connection structures, control methods, algorithms and other features not clearly described in this technical solution are all considered to be common technical features disclosed in the prior art.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] This embodiment provides a cathode rack design specifically for the electroplating process of large flat-plate workpieces, aiming to solve the problem of poor electroplating uniformity of large workpieces caused by existing racks due to insufficient conductivity and unreasonable structural design. Through reasonable material selection and innovative structural design, the rack of the present invention significantly improves the uniform distribution of current during the electroplating process, especially for the center area of ​​the workpiece, which can effectively increase the current density, thereby improving the uniformity of the coating thickness.

[0049] The hanger structure of this embodiment includes: a main conductive plate, a reinforcement strip, an auxiliary cylinder, an edge conductive plate, a pad and a cover plate, and an insulating adhesive. These components cooperate with each other to form an overall hanger system that can conduct electricity efficiently, has strong corrosion resistance, is easy to install, and is adaptable to a variety of workpieces.

[0050] (1) Main conductive plate:

[0051] The main conductive plate is made of copper, which ensures good conductivity of the hanger;

[0052] The main conductive plate is laser cut from a whole piece of copper plate without bolt connection. The cutting ensures good conductivity and mechanical strength of the hanger.

[0053] The thickness of the main conductive plate can be 3-10 mm, depending on the actual current that needs to pass through.

[0054] The upper part of the main conductive plate is cut off in the middle, leaving two parallel copper strips with a width of 30-100mm on the edge. The tops of the two copper strips are bent with a bending machine to form a hook, which is used to hang on the cathode copper bar on the electroplating tank to conduct electricity to the entire hanger; the cathode copper bar of the electroplating tank is directly connected to the rectifier. The length of the two copper strips is adjusted according to the situation of the electroplating tank, so that the electroplated workpiece can be completely submerged by the electroplating solution and is at the center of the depth of the electroplating tank. The length of the two copper strips is generally 500mm-1000mm.

[0055] The lower part of the main conductive plate is designed with a copper strip structure that crosses horizontally and vertically, which is used to connect the auxiliary cylinder and further conduct electricity. The width of this part of the copper strip is relatively thin, generally 5-10mm, so as not to cause excessive interference to the electric field between the cathode and cathode. This part of the copper strip is evenly threaded with threads, generally M3-M5, which are used to connect the auxiliary cylinder. Compared with through holes, threaded holes can better increase conductivity. The cross design not only increases the strength and anti-deformation ability of the main conductive plate during laser cutting, but also improves the uniformity of current distribution.

[0056] Figure 2 It is the main conductive plate, which includes: a hook 2-1 for connecting the cathode copper bar of the electroplating tank, a conductive copper bar 2-2, a screw hole 2-3 connected to the reinforcement bar, 2-4 is the copper bar connected to the auxiliary cylinder, a threaded hole 2-5 on the copper bar connected to the auxiliary cylinder, and a threaded hole 2-6 connected to the pad.

[0057] (2) Reinforcement strips

[0058] A reinforcement bar is connected between the two copper bars above the main conductive plate. The material of the reinforcement bar is 304 stainless steel. The 304 stainless steel has high strength and low cost and is used to improve the strength between the two copper bars.

[0059] (3) Auxiliary cylinder

[0060] The auxiliary cylinder is made of stainless steel clad copper material by CNC cutting. The inner part of the cylinder is copper, generally with a diameter of 2-4mm; the outer part is stainless steel, usually with a thickness of 0.5-1mm.

[0061] Through CNC machining technology, the stainless steel layer at the bottom of the cylinder is partially removed, and the copper is processed into external threads, which are precisely connected to the threaded holes of the main conductive plate, thereby reducing contact resistance and improving conductive efficiency; the outer layer of stainless steel can ensure good corrosion resistance, and the thinner stainless steel layer will not increase resistance significantly. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the auxiliary cylinder.

[0062] The height of the auxiliary cylinder is designed to gradually decrease from the middle to the surroundings, forming an arc trend. This design is used to tension the workpiece, especially for thin plates or mesh workpieces, and can effectively prevent the virtual connection caused by relaxation and deformation during the electroplating process.

[0063] (4) Edge conductive plate

[0064] The edge conductive plate is used to connect with the edge of the workpiece to provide an additional conductive path for the edge portion, while preventing the edge area from affecting the overall current distribution due to excessive conduction;

[0065] The material is 316L stainless steel, which has both certain conductivity and excellent corrosion resistance;

[0066] The edge conductive plate is designed to be annular, and its inner diameter matches the outer diameter of the workpiece, which can adapt to flat workpieces of different sizes;

[0067] The annular edge conductive plate is also provided with some screw holes for connecting with the backing plate and the cover plate.

[0068] Figure 6 The figure includes: edge conductive plates 1-3, pads 6-2 for connecting the main conductive plates and edge conductive plates and raising the edge conductive plates to a certain height, and auxiliary cylinders 5.

[0069] (5) Pads and covers

[0070] The pad is made of copper and is used to connect the edge conductive plate to the main conductive plate and raise the height of the edge conductive plate to reasonably match the height of the auxiliary cylinder, but still slightly lower than the auxiliary cylinder by 1-3mm to achieve arc tensioning of the workpiece. The cover plate is annular and consistent with the shape of the edge conductive plate. The workpiece, edge conductive plate and pad are fixed together by screws to ensure the installation of the entire hanger is stable. See the structural diagram of the cover plate for details. Figure 4 .

[0071] (6) Insulation glue

[0072] In order to prevent the hanger itself from being plated during the electroplating process, except for the hook part, the surface where the top of the auxiliary cylinder contacts the workpiece, and the surface where the edge conductive plate contacts the workpiece, the other parts of the hanger are all wrapped with a layer of insulating glue to ensure the long-term stability of the hanger in a highly corrosive electroplating environment.

[0073] In order to meet the requirements for uniform current distribution and high conductivity during the electrodeposition of nickel mesh electrodes for hydrogen production by alkaline electrolysis, a hanger suitable for nickel mesh electrode electrodeposition was manufactured using the hanger of the present invention, and its superior performance was verified.

[0074] Specific preparation process:

[0075] First, a copper plate with a thickness of 5mm, a length of 1100mm and a width of 450mm is selected and processed into the design shape of the main conductive plate by laser cutting. The upper part of the main conductive plate is processed into two parallel copper strips, each 650mm long and 60mm wide, which are used to connect with the cathode copper bar of the electroplating tank and introduce current. The lower part is designed to be 450mm long and 450mm wide with a cross copper strip structure inside to ensure uniform current distribution in the middle of the workpiece, and M4 threaded holes are evenly drilled on these cross copper strips with a hole spacing of 28mm to fix the auxiliary cylinder and further conduct current.

[0076] Next, a copper pad is cut to strengthen the connection between the edge conductive plate and the main conductive plate. The pad is 10 mm thick, 30 mm long, and 30 mm wide, ensuring that the height of the edge conductive plate matches the arc distribution of the auxiliary cylinder. Subsequently, the edge conductive plate is laser cut. Its material is 316L stainless steel and its shape is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the dimensions are 370mm inner diameter and 450mm outer diameter. The screw hole position of the edge conductive plate is consistent with that of the main conductive plate and the backing plate, and is used for bolt connection and fixing. To match it, a cover plate made of 304 stainless steel is laser cut, with the same shape and size as the edge conductive plate, which is used to cover and fix the nickel mesh electrode.

[0077] The auxiliary cylinder is made of a composite material of stainless steel coated copper and formed by CNC turning. The threaded part of the cylinder is made of copper with a length of 20mm, which is precisely matched with the screw hole of the main conductive plate; the copper column part is 20mm long and covered with a 1mm thick stainless steel layer to ensure excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance. Figure 8 The height matrix shown in the figure is installed with stainless steel copper-clad studs at the screw holes on the cross copper strips of the main conductive plate. In order to achieve the curved height distribution, refer to Figure 7 and 8 The height difference is adjusted by adding a copper washer with an inner diameter of M4 and an outer diameter of 6mm at the bottom of the stud to ensure that the nickel mesh is tensioned to avoid relaxation and virtual connection during the electrodeposition process. Figure 7 The height distribution of the auxiliary cylinder. In the figure, 7-1 is the workpiece, 5 is the auxiliary cylinder, and the height of the auxiliary cylinder gradually increases from the edge to the middle, forming an arc. Figure 8 is the height matrix of the auxiliary cylinder (relative to the edge conductive plate, unit: mm).

[0078] Finally, follow Figure 1 The overall installation method shown is to fix the hook part of the main conductive plate on the cathode copper bar of the electroplating tank, place the nickel mesh electrode flat on the auxiliary cylinder and the edge conductive plate, and fix it with the cover plate and bolts. The design of the hanger ensures that the nickel mesh electrode obtains uniform current distribution during the electrodeposition process, and at the same time, the structure is firm and easy to operate. Figure 1 The hanger of the present invention includes a main conductive plate 1-1, a reinforcing strip 1-2, an edge conductive plate 1-3, a cover plate 1-4, a workpiece 1-5, and an auxiliary cylinder 1-6.

[0079] The experimental results show that the hanger exhibits superior performance in the electroplating process of nickel mesh electrode for hydrogen production by alkaline electrolysis. The thickness of the nickel mesh surface coating is uniform, and the difference in current density between the center and edge areas is significantly reduced, which meets the quality requirements of industrial production. At the same time, the hanger has good corrosion resistance and reusability, providing reliable guarantee for large-scale application.

[0080] The above description of the embodiments is to facilitate the understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative work. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cathode hanger for electroplating of large flat plate workpieces, characterized in that: include: A main conductive plate, the upper part of which is provided with a connection structure for hanging the cathode conductive component in the electroplating tank, and the lower part is provided with a conductive structure for connecting with the auxiliary conductive component, and the conductive structure is provided with a strip distribution feature on the plane to facilitate uniform current distribution; The auxiliary conductive component is made of an inner conductive material and an outer corrosion-resistant material. The auxiliary conductive component is connected to the conductive structure of the main conductive plate and has a variable feature in the height direction. The variable feature is used to tension and prevent deformation of large flat plate structure workpieces. An edge conductive component connected to the main conductive plate and used to connect to the edge of a large flat plate structure workpiece; A connecting pad, made of conductive material, used to connect the edge conductive component with the main conductive plate and to make the edge conductive component have a preset height relationship with the auxiliary conductive component to match the tensioning of a large flat plate structure workpiece; The fixed cover plate has a shape matching the edge conductive component and is connected to the edge conductive component. The fixed cover plate is used to fix the workpiece.

2. The electroplating cathode hanger for large flat-plate structure workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electroplating cathode rack also includes a reinforcing component, which is connected between the upper connecting structures of the main conductive plate to enhance its structural strength.

3. The electroplating cathode hanger for large flat-plate structure workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main conductive plate is made by an integrated molding process, which is a laser cutting process or a precision casting process, so as to ensure the structural integrity and conductive uniformity of the main conductive plate.

4. The electroplating cathode hanger for large flat-plate structure workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive structure of the main conductive plate is a strip structure that crosses horizontally and vertically, with a crossing angle ranging from 30 degrees to 90 degrees. The width of the strip structure is 3 to 15 mm and the thickness is 2 to 8 mm, so as to enhance the uniformity of current conduction and the structural strength of the main conductive plate itself.

5. The electroplating cathode hanger for large flat-plate structure workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the auxiliary conductive component, the inner conductive material is copper or copper alloy, the outer corrosion-resistant material is stainless steel or corrosion-resistant alloy, and the thickness of the outer corrosion-resistant material ranges from 0.3 to 1.5 mm.

6. The electroplating cathode hanger for large flat-plate structure workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary conductive components are auxiliary cylinders arranged in an array on the conductive structure of the main conductive plate, the array is arranged in a rectangular array or a ring array, and the spacing between adjacent auxiliary cylinders is 10-50 mm; The outer layer of corrosion-resistant material at one end of the auxiliary cylinder is removed, and the inner layer of conductive material is processed into an external thread segment, which is connected to the threaded hole on the main conductive plate through the external thread segment, thereby reducing contact resistance and improving conductive efficiency.

7. The electroplating cathode hanger for large flat-plate structure workpieces according to claim 6, characterized in that: The change characteristics of the auxiliary conductive component in the height direction are: gradually decreasing from the middle to the surroundings to form an arc-shaped trend, and the curvature radius of the arc is adaptively adjusted according to the thickness and material of the workpiece to adapt to different types of large flat structure workpieces. Based on the arc-shaped trend of the auxiliary cylinder gradually decreasing from the middle to the surroundings, it plays a supporting and tensioning role on the workpiece.

8. The electroplating cathode hanger for large flat-plate structure workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge conductive component is made of conductive stainless steel, the model of the stainless steel is 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel or 316L stainless steel, and the shape of the edge conductive component is annular or a shape matching the edge profile of a large flat structure workpiece to ensure good edge conductive effect and versatility. The conductive material of the connecting pad is copper or copper alloy, and its thickness ranges from 5 to 20 mm, and the connecting pad is connected to the edge conductive component and the main conductive plate by threaded connection or welding.

9. The electroplating cathode hanger for large flat-plate structure workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed cover plate is connected to the edge conductive component by bolts or snaps; The main conductive plate is made of copper material, and the connection structure of the main conductive plate used for hanging the cathode conductive component in the electroplating tank is two parallel hooks.

10. A method for preparing an electroplating cathode rack as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Preparation of the main conductive plate: Use red copper plate and process it into an integrated structure by laser cutting or precision casting. For the upper part, cut out two parallel hook shapes for hanging and bend them. For the lower part, cut out horizontal and vertical crossed strip-shaped conductive structures. The crossing angle is controlled to be between 30 and 90 degrees. The width of the strip-shaped structure is 3 to 15 mm, the thickness is 2 to 8 mm, and threaded holes are processed on the crossed strip-shaped structures. Preparation of auxiliary conductive parts: select a composite pipe with an inner layer of copper or copper alloy and an outer layer of stainless steel or corrosion-resistant alloy with an outer layer thickness of 0.3 to 1.5 mm, process it into an auxiliary cylindrical shape, remove the outer corrosion-resistant material at one end of the cylinder, process the inner conductive material into an external thread segment, and arrange it in a rectangular array or annular array on the conductive structure at the bottom of the main conductive plate. The spacing between adjacent auxiliary cylinders is controlled to be 10-50 mm, and they are connected to the threaded holes on the main conductive plate through the external thread segment. During installation, the height of the auxiliary cylinder is adjusted so that it gradually decreases from the middle to the surroundings to form an arc trend, and the arc curvature radius is adaptively adjusted according to the thickness and material of the workpiece; Preparation of edge conductive parts: Use 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel or 316L stainless steel material, process it into a ring shape or a shape that matches the edge profile of the workpiece, and process screw holes on it; Preparation of connection pad: Use copper or copper alloy material to prepare a pad with a thickness of 5 to 20 mm, connect it between the main conductive plate and the edge conductive component by threaded connection or welding, and adjust the height of the edge conductive component relative to the auxiliary conductive component to make it 1 to 3 mm lower than the auxiliary conductive component; Preparation of fixed cover plate: prepare a fixed cover plate that matches the shape of the edge conductive component, connect it to the edge conductive component by bolt connection or snap connection, and fix the workpiece; Insulation protection treatment: Wrap the other parts of the hanger except the hook part, the surface where the top of the auxiliary cylinder contacts the workpiece, and the surface where the edge conductive plate contacts the workpiece with insulating glue. The insulating glue is made of acid-resistant, alkali-resistant, high-temperature resistant rubber, plastic or ceramic coating material.

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