Evaluation method for measuring the flatness of open-air steps based on UAV oblique photography model
Through the combination of the drone tilt photography model and three-dimensional mining software, efficient and accurate evaluation of the flatness of the open-pit mine step is achieved, and the problems of low evaluation efficiency and low accuracy in the existing technology are solved, and the blasting quality and shoveling efficiency are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411681928.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-04
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to efficiently and accurately evaluate the flatness of open-pit mine steps, which affects the blasting quality and shoveling efficiency.
The method based on the drone tilt photography model is adopted to obtain the current production status of mining sites through drone aerial surveys, and combine three-dimensional mining software to quickly and automatically pick up the surface elevation data of the open-pit mine step flatness to achieve quantitative evaluation of the flatness of the open-pit mine step.
It effectively improves the evaluation efficiency and accuracy of step flatness, can accurately guide construction, ensure blasting quality and shoveling efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN119756242A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of open-pit mine blasting quality evaluation, and specifically discloses an evaluation method for measuring the flatness of an open-pit step based on an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography model. Background Art
[0002] The flatness of the step in an open-pit mine refers to the deviation value of the step surface, which is one of the important technical indicators for evaluating the quality of blasting. During the blasting construction process, due to unreasonable hole network parameters, excessive or insufficient drilling depth that does not meet the design requirements, water at the bottom of the hole or failure to use waterproof explosives, resulting in the failure of the explosives at the bottom of the blasthole, and / or the failure of the shoveling equipment to shovel normally, after the blast pile is shoveled, rock roots or over-excavation are left on the step, causing the step surface to be uneven, which not only affects the flatness of the step, but also affects the quality of subsequent blasting and shoveling efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to measure and evaluate the flatness of the step in the open-pit mine to form a flatness specification or standard to ensure the quality of subsequent blasting and shoveling efficiency.
[0003] At present, there are few methods for evaluating the flatness of steps, usually relying on manual observation with the naked eye or using RTK for point measurement. Manual observation with the naked eye is extremely inaccurate, and RTK point measurement is inefficient. Based on this, the present invention proposes a method for measuring the flatness of open-pit mine steps based on a drone oblique photography model, which effectively improves the evaluation efficiency and accuracy of the step flatness, and can accurately guide construction. Summary of the invention
[0004] In order to solve the problems in the background technology, the present invention discloses an evaluation method for measuring the flatness of open-pit steps based on the oblique photography model of unmanned aerial vehicles. The oblique photography model of the production status of the mining area is obtained by drone aerial survey, and then the relevant parameters of the surface elevation data of the open-pit mine steps are quickly and automatically picked up by using three-dimensional mining software, so as to realize quantitative evaluation of the flatness of the open-pit mine steps and effectively improve the evaluation efficiency and accuracy of the step flatness.
[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: The evaluation method for measuring the flatness of open-air steps based on the UAV oblique photography model includes the following steps: (1) Use drones to collect aerial data of the mining area and generate an oblique photography model or point cloud model of the production status of the mining area; (2) Importing the oblique photography model or point cloud model generated in step (1) into the 3D mining software, generating a surface DTM model, and marking the model elevation on the DTM surface; (3) Set the step reference elevation and allowable error value in the 3D mining software; (4) In the three-dimensional mining software, the top line and the bottom line of the slope are automatically extracted or drawn according to the surface DTM model generated in step (2); (5) Compare the surface DTM model generated in step (2) with the step reference surface elevation set in step (3), and define the area beyond the step reference surface elevation as the evaluation range; (6) According to the step reference surface elevation set in step (3) and the single step evaluation range defined in step (5), calculate the volume V per square meter that exceeds or is below the reference surface, that is, the step flatness h = v (m 3 ) / 1(m 2 ); (7) According to the flatness requirements of the mine bench, the flatness of the open-pit bench is evaluated. If the bench flatness meets the requirements, the blasting quality is qualified and no subsequent shoveling is required; if the bench flatness does not meet the requirements, the blasting quality is unqualified and needs to be rectified. Use 3D mining software to draw a heat map of the uneven areas that exceed the bench flatness index requirements, and feedback the uneven area information to the shoveling unit; (8) The loading unit shall make corrections to the steps as required and repeat the above steps (1) to (7) until the flatness of the steps meets the requirements.
[0006] Furthermore, in the evaluation method for measuring the flatness of open-air steps based on the UAV oblique photography model, in step (3), the allowable error value of the step reference surface elevation is the standard elevation of the production step ±0.5m.
[0007] Furthermore, in the evaluation method for measuring the flatness of open-pit steps based on the UAV oblique photography model, in step (7), when a heat map of uneven areas exceeding the step flatness index requirement is drawn using three-dimensional mining software, different colors are used to distinguish areas of different flatness in the uneven area heat map, and the higher the unevenness, the darker the color.
[0008] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention discloses an evaluation method for measuring the flatness of open-pit steps based on the oblique photography model of unmanned aerial vehicles. The oblique photography model of the production status of the mining area is obtained by unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey, and then the relevant parameters of the surface elevation data of the open-pit mine steps are quickly and automatically picked up by using three-dimensional mining software, so as to realize quantitative evaluation of the flatness of the open-pit mine steps, effectively improve the evaluation efficiency and accuracy of the step flatness, and can accurately guide the construction accordingly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of an evaluation method for measuring the flatness of an open-air step based on an unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography model of the present invention; Figure 2 It is an oblique photography model of the production status of a mining area stope generated based on aerial photography data in the present invention; Figure 3 It is a surface DTM model of the step surface to be measured in the present invention that annotates the model elevation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0010] In order to better understand the present invention, the content of the present invention is further clearly set forth in conjunction with the embodiments below, but the protection content of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. In the following description, a large number of specific details are provided in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented without one or more of these details.
[0011] Combined with Figure 1 , the present invention elaborates in detail the evaluation method for measuring the flatness of open-air steps based on the UAV oblique photography model, including the following steps: (1) Use drones with high-precision RTK positioning accuracy to collect aerial data of the mining area and generate oblique photography models or point cloud models of the production status of the mining area's stopes and spoil dumps; (2) Import the oblique photography model or point cloud model generated in step (1) into 3D mining software, such as 3Dmine 3D mining engineering software, generate a surface DTM model, and mark the model elevation on the DTM surface; (3) Set the step reference elevation in the 3D mining software and set the allowable error value. The allowable error value of the step reference elevation is ±0.5m of the standard elevation of the production step; (4) In the three-dimensional mining software, the top line and the bottom line of the slope are automatically extracted or drawn according to the surface DTM model generated in step (2); (5) Compare the surface DTM model generated in step (2) with the step reference surface elevation set in step (3), and define the area beyond the step reference surface elevation as the evaluation range; (6) According to the step reference surface elevation set in step (3) and the single step evaluation range defined in step (5), calculate the volume V per square meter that exceeds or is below the reference surface, that is, the step flatness h = v (m 3 ) / 1(m 2 ); (7) According to the flatness requirements of the mine bench, the flatness of the open-pit bench is evaluated. If the bench flatness meets the requirements, the blasting quality is qualified and no subsequent shoveling is required; if the bench flatness does not meet the requirements, the blasting quality is unqualified and needs to be rectified. A heat map of the uneven areas that exceed the bench flatness index requirements is drawn using three-dimensional mining software. Different colors are used to distinguish areas of different flatness in the uneven area heat map. The higher the unevenness, the darker the color. The uneven area information is fed back to the shoveling unit; (8) The loading unit shall make corrections to the steps as required and repeat the above steps (1) to (7) until the flatness of the steps meets the requirements.
[0012] The working process of the present invention is as follows: The evaluation method for measuring the flatness of open-pit steps based on the UAV oblique photography model disclosed in the present invention is used to evaluate the deep hole step blasting mining of a large metal and non-metal open-pit mine. The step height is 12m and the target step elevation is 1306m. After the bench blasting and shoveling is completed, the aerial data of the mining area is collected using a drone with high-precision RTK positioning accuracy to generate an oblique photography model or point cloud model of the production status of the mining area's stope and spoil dump, such as Figure 2 As shown; Import the generated oblique photography model or point cloud model into the 3D mining software to generate a surface DTM model and mark the model elevation on the DTM surface, such as Figure 3 As shown; In the 3D mining software, the top and bottom lines of the slope are automatically extracted or drawn according to the generated surface DTM model, and the elevation of the step to be evaluated is set to 1306±0.5m; Select a shoveling position on the step and calculate the volume V per square meter that exceeds or is below the reference surface; Generate an uneven area heat map according to the difference volume V, in which different colors are used to distinguish areas with different flatness, and the higher the unevenness, the darker the color; Finally, the information of the uneven area is fed back to the shoveling unit, which will rectify the steps as required and repeat the above steps until the flatness of the steps meets the requirements.
[0013] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Other modifications or equivalent substitutions made to the technical solution of the present invention by ordinary technicians in the field should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims
1. An evaluation method for measuring the flatness of open-air steps based on a UAV oblique photography model is characterized by: The steps include: (1) Use drones to collect aerial data of the mining area and generate an oblique photography model or point cloud model of the production status of the mining area; (2) Importing the oblique photography model or point cloud model generated in step (1) into the 3D mining software, generating a surface DTM model, and marking the model elevation on the DTM surface; (3) Set the step reference elevation and allowable error value in the 3D mining software; (4) In the three-dimensional mining software, the top line and the bottom line of the slope are automatically extracted or drawn according to the surface DTM model generated in step (2); (5) Compare the surface DTM model generated in step (2) with the step reference surface elevation set in step (3), and define the area beyond the step reference surface elevation as the evaluation range; (6) According to the step reference surface elevation set in step (3) and the single step evaluation range defined in step (5), calculate the volume V per square meter that exceeds or is below the reference surface, that is, the step flatness h = v (m 3 ) / 1(m 2 ); (7) According to the flatness requirements of the mine bench, the flatness of the open-pit bench is evaluated. If the bench flatness meets the requirements, the blasting quality is qualified and no subsequent shoveling is required; if the bench flatness does not meet the requirements, the blasting quality is unqualified and needs to be rectified. Use 3D mining software to draw a heat map of the uneven areas that exceed the bench flatness index requirements, and feedback the uneven area information to the shoveling unit; (8) The loading unit shall make corrections to the steps as required and repeat the above steps (1) to (7) until the flatness of the steps meets the requirements.
2. The method for evaluating the flatness of open-air steps based on the UAV oblique photography model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (3), the allowable error value of the step reference surface elevation is the standard elevation of the production step ±0.5m.
3. The method for evaluating the flatness of open-air steps based on the UAV oblique photography model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step (7), when a heat map of uneven areas exceeding the step flatness index requirement is drawn using three-dimensional mining software, different colors are used to distinguish areas of different flatness in the uneven area heat map, and the higher the unevenness, the darker the color.