Control Detection Circuit and Implementation Method for Real-Time Monitoring of Supercapacitor Charging Status

Abstract

A control and detection circuit and implementation method for real-time monitoring of the charging state of a supercapacitor, belonging to the field of industrial control technology. The power supply circuit completes voltage reduction conversion to the voltages required by the current power detection circuit, the supercapacitor output control circuit, the core control circuit, and the supercapacitor output control circuit. After the core control circuit is started, it first performs an initialization operation. At the same time, the current power detection circuit reads the voltage value and current value of the circuit under test, calculates the power value, and transmits the current value and power value to the core control circuit. The core control circuit obtains the current value and power value. The core control circuit compares and analyzes the obtained data current value and power value with the pre-programmed parameters to determine whether it meets the power supply requirements of the subsequent circuit. If it meets the requirements of the subsequent circuit, the core control circuit controls the supercapacitor output control circuit to connect the supercapacitor to the external circuit to supply power to the external circuit, ensuring the stability of power supply to the subsequent circuit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of industrial control, and particularly relates to a control detection circuit and an implementation method for real-time monitoring of the charging state of a super capacitor. Background Art

[0002] The subway is a type of urban rail transit line system, referring to the rail transit built in the city, which is fast, has a large passenger capacity, and is electrically powered. The train runs on a fully enclosed line. The lines in the central urban area are basically located in underground tunnels, and the lines outside the central urban area are generally located on viaducts or on the ground. The subway is an urban rail transit system that covers various underground and above-ground exclusive rights of way, high density, and high passenger capacity in the urban area. With the progress of technology and the development of the times, the functions of special equipment have become increasingly complex, and the requirements for the reliability and stability of products are also increasing day by day. For communication and signal equipment, as the key equipment for driver communication and receiving and transmitting dispatching signals, its reliability and stability are particularly important. It can maintain the stable operation of the equipment at critical moments, so that when the emergency battery switchover is completed and the vehicle loses power illegally, the equipment can shut down normally without being affected by the power loss.

[0003] At present, most communication and signal special equipment do not have the functions of resisting illegal power loss and reporting power loss information. Frequent illegal power loss of key equipment will cause equipment failure and damage. Moreover, for a few equipment with such functions, such as in the patent "CN212649155U Power Management Circuit of Super Capacitor Module", the charging of the super capacitor is judged based on the charging time. As time accumulates and the equipment ages, the original charging duration will no longer meet the power supply requirements, resulting in the failure of the super capacitor function and the inability to protect key equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the real-time state detection of super capacitors in the prior art, the present invention provides a control detection circuit and an implementation method for real-time monitoring of the charging state of a super capacitor. The present invention is applicable to a circuit with a supply voltage of 4 - 23V and an output voltage of 0 - 26V. Through a buck chip, the input voltage is converted into the voltage required by the control circuit, and at the same time, a magnetic bead and a capacitor are added for filtering to ensure the stable operation of the control circuit. At the same time, the MOS tube of the super capacitor uses a high-voltage-resistant and impact-resistant MOS tube to ensure the stability of power supply for the subsequent circuit.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a control detection circuit for real-time monitoring of the charging state of a super capacitor, including a power supply circuit, a current and power detection circuit, a super capacitor output control circuit, and a core control circuit;

[0006] The core control circuit is respectively connected to the current and power detection circuit and the super capacitor output control circuit,

[0007] The power supply circuit is respectively connected to the current power detection circuit, the supercapacitor output control circuit, and the core control circuit;

[0008] The power supply circuit is used to supply power to the current power detection circuit, the supercapacitor output control circuit, and the core control circuit, providing the required voltage;

[0009] The current power detection circuit is used to detect the current and power of the external output circuit and judge the output state;

[0010] The supercapacitor output control circuit is used to control the output of the supercapacitor;

[0011] The core control circuit is used to control the supercapacitor output control circuit according to the data detected by the current power detection circuit.

[0012] A method for implementing a control and detection circuit that can real-time monitor the charging state of a supercapacitor has the following working process:

[0013] In the first step, the power supply circuit completes voltage reduction conversion to the voltages required by the current power detection circuit, the supercapacitor output control circuit, the core control circuit, and the supercapacitor output control circuit;

[0014] In the second step, after the core control circuit starts, it first performs an initialization operation. At the same time, the current power detection circuit reads the voltage value and current value of the circuit under test, calculates the power value through the formula P = U×I, and transfers the current value and power value to the core control circuit through the IIC data line, where P is power, U is voltage, and I is current;

[0015] In the third step, the core control circuit communicates with the current power detection circuit through the IIC data line to obtain the current value and power value;

[0016] In the fourth step, the core control circuit compares and analyzes the obtained data current value and power value with the parameters burned in advance to judge whether it meets the power supply requirements of the subsequent circuit. If it meets, proceed to the next step; if not, re-read the data current value and power value every 1S for judgment;

[0017] In the fifth step, if it meets the requirements of the subsequent circuit, the core control circuit controls the supercapacitor output control circuit to connect the supercapacitor to the external circuit to supply power to the external circuit.

[0018] The parameter range of the voltage value of the circuit under test in the current power detection circuit is 0 - 26V.

[0019] The technical effects produced by the present invention are as follows: It solves the problem of damage to key communication and signal devices caused by illegal power-off, protects the devices, extends the service life of the devices, and improves the product stability; at the same time, it solves the problem that the previous generation of products simply controls the super capacitor by controlling the charging time. After long-term use, the charging duration will not be able to meet the power supply requirements, resulting in the failure of the super capacitor function and the inability to protect key devices. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020] The following briefly explains the content expressed in the drawings of this specification and the marks in the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 It is the circuit connection block diagram for implementing the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is the schematic diagram of the power supply circuit of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is the schematic diagram of the current power detection circuit of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is the schematic diagram of the super capacitor output control circuit of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is the schematic diagram of the core control circuit of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 It is the flowchart of the implementation method of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 The circuit connection block diagram of the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Embodiment

[0028] As Figure 1 shown, a control and detection circuit capable of real-time monitoring of the charging state of a super capacitor includes a power supply circuit, a current power detection circuit, a super capacitor output control circuit, and a core control circuit;

[0029] The current power detection circuit monitors the shunt voltage drop and the bus power supply voltage. By combining the programmable calibration value with the internal multiplier, it directly reads the voltage value and current value of the circuit under test. The power can be calculated through an additional multiplication register, and the calculation formula is P = U × I, where P is power, U is voltage, and I is current. The current value and power value are transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer through the IIC data line, so as to judge whether the charging state of the super capacitor meets the usage requirements; the parameter range of the voltage value of the circuit under test in the current power detection circuit is 0 - 26V.

[0030] The core control circuit obtains the current value and power value from the current and power detection circuit through the IIC data line, and determines whether the conditions for powering the subsequent circuit are met, thereby controlling whether the super capacitor outputs, realizing real-time detection and control of the charging state of the super capacitor; the core control circuit has a sensitivity adjustment mechanism, which can be adjusted by the user through serial port data communication according to actual needs, so as to realize the detection of the charging state of the super capacitor by detecting the voltage, current and power of the circuit under test.

[0031] The super capacitor output control circuit is used to control whether the super capacitor outputs. When the charging state meets the usage requirements, it controls the super capacitor to supply power to the subsequent circuit, otherwise it is not enabled.

[0032] As Figure 2 As shown, the specific circuit of the power supply circuit is that the 1st pin of the step-down chip U2 is connected to the 3rd pin of the step-down chip U2 and one end of the inductor L1 through the capacitor C3. The other end of the inductor L1 is respectively connected to one end of the resistor R8, the capacitor C4, the capacitor C5 and the power supply +3.3V. The other end of the resistor R8 is respectively connected to the 5th pin of the step-down chip U2 and one end of the resistor R10 through the resistor R9. The 2nd pin of the step-down chip U2 is respectively connected to one end of the resistor R7, the capacitor C6, the capacitor C7 and the power supply DC_12V. The other end of the resistor R7 is connected to the 7th pin of the step-down chip U2. The other ends of the resistor R10, the capacitor C4, the capacitor C5, the capacitor C6, the capacitor C7 and the 4th and 9th pins of the step-down chip U2 are respectively connected to GND. The 8th pin of the step-down chip U2 is connected to GND through the capacitor C8; the model of the step-down chip U2 is FR9888.

[0033] As Figure 3 As shown, the specific circuit of the current and power detection circuit is that the 1st pin of the current / power monitor U1 is connected to GND through the resistor R3. The 2nd pin of the current / power monitor U1 is connected to the power supply +3.3V through the resistor R4. The 3rd pin of the current / power monitor U1 is connected to the 17th pin of the single-chip microcomputer U3 of the core control circuit. The 4th pin of the current / power monitor U1 is connected to the 1st pin of the single-chip microcomputer U3 of the core control circuit. The 5th pin of the current / power monitor U1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C2 and the power supply +3.3V. The other end of the capacitor C2 and the 6th pin of the current / power monitor U1 are respectively connected to GND; the 7th pin of the current / power monitor U1 is connected to one end of the resistor R1 and the 8th pin of the current / power monitor U1 through the capacitor C1. The 8th pin of the current / power monitor U1 is connected to the resistor R2, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd pins of the MOS transistor Q1 of the super capacitor output control circuit through the resistor R1; the model of the current / power monitor U1 is INA219AIDR.

[0034] As Figure 4As shown in the figure, the specific circuit of the supercapacitor output control circuit is as follows: Pin 1, Pin 2, Pin 3 of MOS transistor Q1 are connected to one end of resistor R2 and Pin 7 of the current / power monitor U1. Pin 4 of MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the other end of resistor R2 and Pin 3 of MOS transistor Q2. Pin 1 of MOS transistor Q2 is connected to one ends of resistor R5 and resistor R6. The other end of resistor R5 is connected to Pin 10 of the microcontroller U3 in the core control circuit. The other end of resistor R6 and Pin 2 of MOS transistor Q2 are connected to GND. Pins 5, 6, 7, 8 of MOS transistor Q1 are connected to the external interface DC_SUPER_CAP_OUT_B_MOS. The model of MOS transistor Q1 is IRF7240PBF.

[0035] As Figure 5 shown in the figure, the specific circuit of the core control circuit is as follows: Pin 1 of microcontroller U3 is connected to one end of resistor R12 and Pin 4 of the current / power monitor U1. The other end of resistor R12 is connected to one ends of resistor R11, resistor R14, capacitor C11, capacitor C12, ferrite bead FB1 and Pin 5 of microcontroller U3. The other ends of capacitor C11 and capacitor C12 are connected to GND. The other end of ferrite bead FB1 is connected to the power supply +3.3V. Pin 2 of microcontroller U3 is connected to one end of capacitor C9 and Pin 3 of crystal oscillator Y1. The other end of capacitor C9 is connected to GND. Pin 3 of microcontroller U3 is connected to one end of capacitor C10 and Pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y1. The other end of capacitor C10 and Pins 2, 4 of crystal oscillator Y1 are respectively connected to GND. Pin 4 of microcontroller U3 is connected to one end of resistor R13. The other end of resistor R13 is connected to the other end of resistor R14 and one end of capacitor C13. The other end of capacitor C13 is connected to GND. Pin 7 of microcontroller U3 is connected to GND. Pin 10 of microcontroller U3 is connected to resistor R5 in the supercapacitor output control circuit. Pin 17 of microcontroller U3 is connected to one end of resistor R11 and Pin 3 of the current / power monitor U1. Pins 8, 9 of microcontroller U3 are connected to the external interface. The model of microcontroller U3 is STC8G1K08.

[0036] Example 1, as Figure 6 、 Figure 7 shown in the figure, connect the serial ports of Pins 8, 9 of the core control circuit U3 of this control and detection circuit to the serial port of the external locomotive radio console host control unit. Connect Pins 5, 6, 7, 8 of MOS transistor Q1 in the supercapacitor output control circuit to the locomotive radio console host control unit of the power receiving circuit. Connect Pin 8 of the current / power monitor U1 in the current power detection circuit to the output voltage of the supercapacitor, and then this control and detection circuit can be used.

[0037] When working, first, the locomotive power supply powers the locomotive radio power supply circuit. The locomotive radio power supply circuit outputs 12V to supply power to the control detection circuit for real-time monitoring of the supercapacitor charging status, the supercapacitor, and the host control unit. The output voltage of the supercapacitor is at most 12V and less than 26V, meeting the circuit usage requirements. At this time, the supercapacitor is charged. The buck converter chip U2 in the internal power supply circuit of the control detection circuit for real-time monitoring of the supercapacitor charging status steps down the voltage for the core control circuit, and the current / power monitor U1 in the current power detection circuit detects the output voltage of the supercapacitor output control circuit; the core control circuit is initialized; the current power detection circuit collects data and transmits the collected data, current value and power value, to the microcontroller U3 in the core control circuit, and judges whether it meets the requirement of being fully charged. When the supercapacitor is fully charged, the voltage gradually rises to 12V, the charging current gradually drops to 0A, and according to the formula P = U×I, the charging power drops to 0W. If the requirement is not met, data is collected again until the requirement is met. At this time, the host control unit communicates with the microcontroller U3 in the core control circuit, and the microcontroller U3 in the core control circuit controls the MOS transistor Q1 of the supercapacitor output control circuit to output. Together with the locomotive radio power supply circuit, it supplies power to the host control unit. When the locomotive is illegally powered off, the locomotive radio power supply circuit no longer outputs voltage. At the same time, the host control unit is powered by the control detection circuit for real-time monitoring of the supercapacitor charging status, completes the required shutdown process, and performs a normal shutdown operation; when the train is illegally powered off, the device can be shut down normally without being affected by the power-off. It prevents device damage and ensures the stability of the device.

Claims

1. A control and detection circuit capable of real-time monitoring of the charging state of a super capacitor, characterized in that: It includes a power supply circuit, a current and power detection circuit, a supercapacitor output control circuit, and a core control circuit; The core control circuit is respectively connected to the current and power detection circuit and the supercapacitor output control circuit, The power supply circuit is respectively connected to the current and power detection circuit, the supercapacitor output control circuit, and the core control circuit; The power supply circuit is used to supply power to the current and power detection circuit, the supercapacitor output control circuit, and the core control circuit, providing the required voltage; The current and power detection circuit is used to detect the current and power of the external output circuit and judge the output state; The supercapacitor output control circuit is used to control the supercapacitor output; The core control circuit is used to control the supercapacitor output control circuit according to the data detected by the current and power detection circuit; The specific circuit of the current and power detection circuit is as follows: Pin 1 of the current / power monitor U1 is connected to GND through the resistor R3, pin 2 of the current / power monitor U1 is connected to the power supply +3.3V through the resistor R4, pin 3 of the current / power monitor U1 is connected to pin 17 of the microcontroller U3 of the core control circuit, pin 4 of the current / power monitor U1 is connected to pin 1 of the microcontroller U3 of the core control circuit, pin 5 of the current / power monitor U1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C2 and the power supply +3.3V, and the other end of the capacitor C2 and pin 6 of the current / power monitor U1 are respectively connected to GND; Pin 7 of the current / power monitor U1 is connected to one end of the resistor R1 and pin 8 of the current / power monitor U1 through the capacitor C1, and pin 8 of the current / power monitor U1 is connected to the resistor R2, pins 1, 2, and 3 of the MOS transistor Q1 of the supercapacitor output control circuit through the resistor R1; The model of the current / power monitor U1 is INA219AIDR; The specific circuit of the supercapacitor output control circuit is as follows: Pins 1, 2, and 3 of the MOS transistor Q1 and one end of the resistor R2 and pin 7 of the current / power monitor U1 are connected, pin 4 of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the other end of the resistor R2 and pin 3 of the MOS transistor Q2, pin 1 of the MOS transistor Q2 is connected to one ends of the resistor R5 and the resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected to pin 10 of the microcontroller U3 of the core control circuit, and the other end of the resistor R6 and pin 2 of the MOS transistor Q2 are connected to GND, and pins 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the MOS transistor Q1 are connected to the external interface DC_SUPER_CAP_OUT_B_MOS; The model of the MOS transistor Q1 is IRF7240PBF; The specific circuit of the core control circuit is as follows: One end of Pin 1 of microcontroller U3 is connected to one end of resistor R12 and Pin 4 of current / power monitor U1. The other end of resistor R12 is connected to one end of resistor R11, resistor R14, capacitor C11, capacitor C12, ferrite bead FB1, and Pin 5 of microcontroller U3. The other ends of capacitor C11 and capacitor C12 are connected to GND. The other end of ferrite bead FB1 is connected to power supply +3.3V. Pin 2 of microcontroller U3 is connected to one end of capacitor C9 and Pin 3 of crystal oscillator Y1. The other end of capacitor C9 is connected to GND. Pin 3 of microcontroller U3 is connected to one end of capacitor C10 and Pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y1. The other end of capacitor C10, and Pins 2 and 4 of crystal oscillator Y1 are respectively connected to GND. Pin 4 of microcontroller U3 is connected to one end of resistor R13. The other end of resistor R13 is connected to the other end of resistor R14 and one end of capacitor C13. The other end of capacitor C13 is connected to GND. Pin 7 of microcontroller U3 is connected to GND. Pin 10 of microcontroller U3 is connected to resistor R5 of the supercapacitor output control circuit. Pin 17 of microcontroller U3 is connected to one end of resistor R11 and Pin 3 of current / power monitor U1. Pins 8 and 9 of microcontroller U3 are connected to an external interface. The model of microcontroller U3 is STC8G1K08.

2. The control and detection circuit capable of real-time monitoring of the charging state of the super capacitor according to claim 1, wherein: The specific circuit of the power supply circuit is as follows: Pin 1 of step-down chip U2 is connected to Pin 3 of step-down chip U2 and one end of inductor L1 through capacitor C3. The other end of inductor L1 is respectively connected to one end of resistor R8, capacitor C4, capacitor C5, and power supply +3.3V. The other end of resistor R8 is respectively connected to Pin 5 of step-down chip U2 and one end of resistor R10 through resistor R9. Pin 2 of step-down chip U2 is respectively connected to one end of resistor R7, capacitor C6, capacitor C7, and power supply DC_12V. The other end of resistor R7 is connected to Pin 7 of step-down chip U2. The other ends of resistor R10, capacitor C4, capacitor C5, capacitor C6, capacitor C7, and Pin 4 and Pin 9 of step-down chip U2 are respectively connected to GND. Pin 8 of step-down chip U2 is connected to GND through capacitor C8. The model of step-down chip U2 is FR9888.

3. A method for implementing a control and detection circuit capable of real-time monitoring of the charging state of a super capacitor as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The working process is as follows: First step, the power supply circuit completes the step-down conversion to convert to the voltages required by the current power detection circuit, the supercapacitor output control circuit, the core control circuit, and the supercapacitor output control circuit. Second step, after the core control circuit starts, it first performs an initialization operation. At the same time, the current power detection circuit reads the voltage value and current value of the circuit under test, calculates the power value through the formula P = U×I, and transmits the current value and power value to the core control circuit through the IIC data line, where P is power, U is voltage, and I is current. Third step, the core control circuit communicates with the current power detection circuit through the IIC data line to obtain the current value and power value. Step 4: The core control circuit compares and analyzes the pre-programmed parameters with the obtained data current value and power value to determine whether it meets the power supply requirements of the subsequent circuit. If it meets the requirements, proceed to the next step; if not, re-read the data current value and power value every 1 second for judgment. Step 5: If it meets the requirements of the subsequent circuit, the core control circuit controls the supercapacitor output control circuit to connect the supercapacitor to the external circuit to supply power to the external circuit. In the current and power detection circuit, the parameter range of the measured circuit voltage value is 0 - 26V.

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