Flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of carbon capture, in particular to a flue gas carbon capture system based on a CCUS, and solves the problems that when an existing carbon capture system treats flue gas, heat in high-temperature carbon dioxide gas and carbon dioxide barren liquor is directly discharged, large heat loss is caused, and the carbon capture effect is poor. The system comprises a pretreatment system, a carbon capture assembly, a waste heat recovery system and a multi-module monitoring system, the pretreatment system is in one-way connection with the carbon capture assembly through a desulfurized flue gas conveying pipeline, and the carbon capture assembly is in one-way connection with the multi-module monitoring system; the pretreatment system and the carbon capture assembly are both in one-way connection with the waste heat recovery system through a water conveying pipeline, and the pretreatment system, the carbon capture assembly and the waste heat recovery system are all in two-way connection with the multi-module monitoring system through multiple transmission cables. According to the invention, heat in the flue gas carbon capture process is recycled and recovered, so that the carbon capture effect can be effectively improved, and heat loss can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon capture, and in particular to a flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS. Background Art

[0002] CCUS refers to a technology that collects carbon dioxide produced by emission sources such as large power plants, steel mills, and chemical plants, stores it in various ways to avoid its emission into the atmosphere, and uses it rationally. Flue gas carbon capture technology can effectively separate and capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from flue gas produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. This is of great significance for mitigating global climate change. Flue gas carbon capture technology does not require the use of any solvents in the entire process, completely eliminating the risk of chemical consumption and environmental pollution caused by solvent loss, and truly realizing green and environmentally friendly CO2 capture. This technology not only reduces CO2 emissions, but also avoids secondary pollution, which is in line with the concept of sustainable development.

[0003] The existing carbon capture system produces high-temperature carbon dioxide gas and direct emission of heat in the carbon dioxide lean liquid when treating flue gas, causing large heat loss and making it inconvenient to adjust the temperature of the carbon dioxide rich liquid required by the desorption tower; therefore, it does not meet existing needs. In this regard, we propose a flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS to solve the problem mentioned in the above background technology that the existing carbon capture system generates high-temperature carbon dioxide gas and direct discharge of heat in the carbon dioxide lean liquid when treating the flue gas, causing large heat loss, and it is inconvenient to adjust the carbon dioxide rich liquid temperature required by the desorption tower.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS, comprising a pretreatment system, a carbon capture component, a waste heat recovery system and a multi-module monitoring system, wherein the pretreatment system and the carbon capture component are unidirectionally connected to the desulfurized flue gas transmission pipeline, the pretreatment system and the carbon capture component are unidirectionally connected to the waste heat recovery system through a water transmission pipeline, and the pretreatment system, the carbon capture component and the waste heat recovery system are bidirectionally connected to the multi-module monitoring system through a multi-channel transmission cable;

[0006] The carbon capture assembly is composed of a decarbonization separation mechanism and a high-temperature analysis mechanism. The decarbonization separation mechanism includes an absorption tower. A separation protection shell is installed on one side of the absorption tower. A plurality of two-phase separators are installed on the inner side of the separation protection shell. Two adjacent two-phase separators are connected through a first lean liquid delivery pipe. A second rich liquid delivery pipe is fixedly installed at the output end of the plurality of two-phase separators. The high-temperature analysis mechanism includes a desorption tower. A third lean liquid delivery pipe is installed at the bottom end of the desorption tower. A carbon dioxide delivery pipe is installed at the upper end of the desorption tower.

[0007] The waste heat recovery system is composed of a multi-way heat exchange module, a second cold water input pipe and multiple liquid storage tanks. The multi-way heat exchange module includes a heat exchange temperature control box, a plurality of curved heat exchange tubes are fixedly installed on the inner side of the heat exchange temperature control box, a rich liquid guide pipe is installed on the inner side of the curved heat exchange tube, a lean liquid guide pipe is installed on the inner side of the rich liquid guide pipe, an air guide seat is installed between the multiple curved heat exchange tubes and the heat exchange temperature control box, a plurality of hollow plates are fixedly provided on one side of the air guide seat, and a plurality of air nozzles are provided on the upper end surface of each of the hollow plates.

[0008] Preferably, the multi-module monitoring system includes a gas sensor, a temperature sensor, a flow sensor, a pressure sensor and a wireless transmission module, and the gas sensor, temperature sensor, flow sensor and pressure sensor are all electrically connected to the wireless transmission module, and the gas sensor is used to monitor the carbon dioxide gas concentration inside the carbon dioxide delivery pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the pretreatment system includes a flue gas cooling module, a dust collector, a booster fan, a desulfurization tower and a gas pipeline. The flue gas cooling module, the dust collector, the booster fan and the desulfurization tower are connected in sequence through the gas pipeline. The flue gas cooling module is connected to multiple liquid storage tanks through a water pipeline.

[0010] Preferably, the decarbonization separation mechanism also includes a flue gas input pipe connected to the input end of the absorption tower, a second rich liquid delivery pump is fixedly installed in the middle of the second rich liquid delivery pipe, a first rich liquid delivery pipe is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the absorption tower, a first rich liquid delivery pump is fixedly installed in the middle of the first rich liquid delivery pipe, a second lean liquid delivery pipe is fixedly installed at the upper end of one of the two-phase separators, a first lean liquid delivery pump is fixedly installed in the middle of the second lean liquid delivery pipe, a flue gas purification delivery pipe is fixedly installed at the upper end of the absorption tower, a cooling tower is installed at one end of the flue gas purification delivery pipe, a first cold water input pipe is fixedly installed on one side of the cooling tower, and a gas discharge end is fixedly installed at the upper end of the cooling tower.

[0011] Preferably, the high-temperature analysis mechanism also includes a second lean liquid delivery pump fixedly connected to the middle part of the third lean liquid delivery pipe, a circulation pump is fixedly installed on one side of the desorption tower, a reboiler is fixedly installed on one side of the circulation pump, and the desorption tower, circulation pump and reboiler are connected through a circulation connecting pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the waste heat recovery system also includes a sealing plate fixedly connected to the front and rear end surfaces of the heat exchanger and temperature control box, and an isolation sealing plate is fixedly installed on one side of the two sealing plates, a rich liquid collecting seat is fixedly installed on one side of one of the isolation sealing plates, and a plurality of flow guide covers are fixedly installed on one side of the other isolation sealing plate, and two diverters are fixedly installed on the upper ends of the plurality of lean liquid diversion pipes and the flow guide covers, and a plurality of solenoid valves are provided on one side of the diverter, one of the diverters is through-connected with the second rich liquid delivery pipe, and the other diverter is through-connected with the third lean liquid delivery pipe, and a conical exhaust hood is fixedly installed on the upper end of the heat exchanger and temperature control box, and a liquid level sensor is provided on one side of the conical exhaust hood.

[0013] Preferably, the absorption tower is connected to the desulfurization tower through a flue gas input pipe, the bottom end of the absorption tower is connected to multiple two-phase separators through a first rich liquid delivery pipe and multiple first lean liquid delivery pipes, the second lean liquid delivery pipe is connected to the third lean liquid delivery pipe through a first lean liquid delivery pump, and the interior of the heat exchange temperature control box is connected to the second rich liquid delivery pipe.

[0014] Preferably, the desorption tower is connected to the gas guide seat through a carbon dioxide delivery pipe, the desorption tower outputs carbon dioxide gas through the carbon dioxide delivery pipe, the multiple two-phase separators output carbon dioxide rich liquid through the second rich liquid delivery pipe, the desorption tower outputs carbon dioxide lean liquid through the third lean liquid delivery pipe, and the two-phase separators output carbon dioxide lean liquid through the second lean liquid delivery pipe.

[0015] Preferably, a water storage tank is provided inside the heat exchange temperature control box, the bottom end of the liquid level sensor passes through the conical exhaust hood and is plugged into the inner side of the water storage tank, the water level of the water storage tank is lower than the bottom end height of the conical exhaust hood, a one-way valve is provided on the inner side of the air nozzle, a plurality of waist-shaped holes are provided on the outer surface of the curved heat exchange tube, and the upper end of the air nozzle passes through the waist-shaped holes and is plugged into between the curved heat exchange tube and the rich liquid guide tube.

[0016] Preferably, the space between the rich liquid guide tube and the lean liquid guide tube is filled with carbon dioxide rich liquid, a plurality of the rich liquid guide tubes are connected to one of the diverters through a plurality of guide covers, and a plurality of the lean liquid guide tubes are connected to another diverter.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The present invention can cool the high-temperature flue gas passing through the inside of the flue gas cooling module and recover and store the waste heat through multiple liquid storage tanks, absorb and remove the nitride in the flue gas through the absorption tower to obtain a carbon dioxide rich liquid, and perform multi-stage separation of the carbon dioxide rich liquid and the carbon dioxide lean liquid through multiple two-phase separators. Then, the second rich liquid delivery pump uses the second rich liquid delivery pipe to heat exchange the carbon dioxide rich liquid through the multi-channel heat exchange module, the cooling tower can cool and spray the purified flue gas and discharge it through the gas discharge end, and the heat of the carbon dioxide lean liquid in the third lean liquid delivery pipe and the carbon dioxide gas in the carbon dioxide delivery pipe can be reused through the multi-channel heat exchange module;

[0019] 2. The present invention uses a plurality of rich liquid guide pipes and lean liquid guide pipes to convey the carbon dioxide rich liquid and the carbon dioxide lean liquid in a curved manner respectively. The carbon dioxide lean liquid and the carbon dioxide gas in a high temperature state can be heat exchanged synchronously with the carbon dioxide rich liquid through the lean liquid guide pipe and the rich liquid guide pipe, thereby rapidly increasing the temperature of the carbon dioxide rich liquid. By adjusting the flow rate of cold water inside the heat exchange temperature control box, the output temperature of the carbon dioxide rich liquid can be controlled, so as to meet the desorption tower's use of the carbon dioxide rich liquid at an appropriate temperature. The heat contained in the carbon dioxide lean liquid and the carbon dioxide gas can be effectively recovered through the cold water, thereby effectively avoiding the loss of waste heat. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pretreatment system of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the carbon capture assembly of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 A flow chart of flue gas carbon capture according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a multi-channel heat exchange module of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a rear side view of the multi-path heat exchange module of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the heat exchange temperature control box of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the isolation sealing plate of the present invention;

[0028] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the gas guide seat of the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: 1. pretreatment system; 101. flue gas cooling module; 102. dust collector; 103. booster fan; 104. desulfurization tower; 105. liquid storage tank; 2. carbon capture assembly; 22. decarbonization separation mechanism; 2201. flue gas input pipe; 2202. absorption tower; 2203. first rich liquid delivery pipe; 2204. first rich liquid delivery pump; 2205. separation protection shell; 2206. two-phase separator; 2207. first lean liquid delivery pipe; 2208. second rich liquid delivery pipe; 2209. second rich liquid delivery pump; 2210. first lean liquid delivery pump; 2211. second lean liquid delivery pipe; 2212. flue gas purification delivery pipe; 2213. cooling tower; 2214. gas discharge end; 2215. first cold water input pipe; 23. high temperature analysis mechanism; 2301. multi heat exchange module; 2302, the second cold water input pipe; 2303, the desorption tower; 2304, the third lean liquid delivery pipe; 2305, the second lean liquid delivery pump; 2306, the carbon dioxide delivery pipe; 2307, the circulation connecting pipe; 2308, the circulation pump; 2309, the reboiler; 3, the waste heat recovery system; 4, the multi-module monitoring system; 401, the heat exchange temperature control box; 402, the sealing plate; 403, the air guide seat; 404, the conical exhaust hood; 405, the liquid level sensor; 406, the diverter; 407, the solenoid valve; 408, the lean liquid guide pipe; 409, the rich liquid collecting seat; 410, the air nozzle; 411, the curved heat exchange tube; 412, the rich liquid guide pipe; 413, the isolation sealing plate; 414, the guide hood; 5, the desulfurization flue gas delivery pipeline; 6, the water delivery pipeline; 7, the multi-channel transmission cable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0031] See also Figures 1 to 3 , the present invention provides an embodiment: a flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS, comprising a pretreatment system 1, a carbon capture component 2, a waste heat recovery system 3 and a multi-module monitoring system 4, the pretreatment system 1 and the carbon capture component 2 are unidirectionally connected through a desulfurized flue gas delivery pipeline 5, the pretreatment system 1 and the carbon capture component 2 are unidirectionally connected to the waste heat recovery system 3 through a water delivery pipeline 6, and the whole can effectively perform carbon capture and waste heat recovery by treating and separating the flue gas;

[0032] The pretreatment system 1, the carbon capture component 2 and the waste heat recovery system 3 are all bidirectionally connected to the multi-module monitoring system 4 through a multi-channel transmission cable 7. The multi-module monitoring system 4 includes a gas sensor, a temperature sensor, a flow sensor, a pressure sensor and a wireless transmission module. The gas sensor, the temperature sensor, the flow sensor and the pressure sensor are all electrically connected to the wireless transmission module. The gas sensor is used to monitor the carbon dioxide gas concentration inside the carbon dioxide delivery pipe 2306. The gas sensor, temperature sensor, flow sensor and pressure sensor provided in the multi-module monitoring system 4 can monitor the temperature, pressure, flow and carbon dioxide gas concentration of each pipeline in the carbon capture process in real time.

[0033] See also Figure 2 The pretreatment system 1 includes a flue gas cooling module 101, a dust collector 102, a booster fan 103, a desulfurization tower 104 and a gas pipeline. The flue gas cooling module 101, the dust collector 102, the booster fan 103 and the desulfurization tower 104 are connected in sequence through the gas pipeline. The flue gas cooling module 101 is connected with multiple liquid storage tanks 105 through a water pipeline 6. The carbon capture component 2 is composed of a decarbonization separation mechanism 22 and a high-temperature analysis mechanism 23. The pretreatment system 1 can remove heat, dust and sulfide in the flue gas.

[0034] See also Figure 3 The decarbonization separation mechanism 22 includes an absorption tower 2202, the input end of the absorption tower 2202 is penetrated by a flue gas input pipe 2201, a separation protection shell 2205 is installed on one side of the absorption tower 2202, and a plurality of two-phase separators 2206 are installed on the inner side of the separation protection shell 2205. Two adjacent two-phase separators 2206 are penetrated and connected by a first lean liquid conveying pipe 2207. The absorption tower 2202 is penetrated and connected with the desulfurization tower 104 through the flue gas input pipe 2201. The bottom end of the absorption tower 2202 is penetrated and connected with the plurality of two-phase separators 2206 through the first rich liquid conveying pipe 2203 and the plurality of first lean liquid conveying pipes 2207. A second rich liquid conveying pipe 2208 is fixedly installed at the output end of the plurality of two-phase separators 2206. The plurality of two-phase separators 2206 output carbon dioxide rich liquid through the second rich liquid conveying pipe 2208. The plurality of two-phase separators 2206 can perform multi-stage separation of carbon dioxide rich liquid and carbon dioxide lean liquid;

[0035] A second rich liquid delivery pump 2209 is fixedly installed in the middle of the second rich liquid delivery pipe 2208, a first rich liquid delivery pipe 2203 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the absorption tower 2202, a first rich liquid delivery pump 2204 is fixedly installed in the middle of the first rich liquid delivery pipe 2203, a second lean liquid delivery pipe 2211 is fixedly installed at the upper end of one of the two-phase separators 2206, the two-phase separator 2206 outputs carbon dioxide lean liquid through the second lean liquid delivery pipe 2211, and a first lean liquid delivery pump 2210 is fixedly installed in the middle of the second lean liquid delivery pipe 2211, The second lean liquid delivery pipe 2211 is connected to the third lean liquid delivery pipe 2304 through the first lean liquid delivery pump 2210. A flue gas purification delivery pipe 2212 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the absorption tower 2202. A cooling tower 2213 is installed at one end of the flue gas purification delivery pipe 2212. A first cold water input pipe 2215 is fixedly installed on one side of the cooling tower 2213. A gas discharge end 2214 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cooling tower 2213. The cooling tower 2213 can cool and spray the purified flue gas and discharge it through the gas discharge end 2214.

[0036] See also Figure 3 The high temperature analysis mechanism 23 includes a desorption tower 2303, a third lean liquid delivery pipe 2304 is installed at the bottom of the desorption tower 2303, and the desorption tower 2303 outputs carbon dioxide lean liquid through the third lean liquid delivery pipe 2304, a carbon dioxide delivery pipe 2306 is installed at the upper end of the desorption tower 2303, and the desorption tower 2303 outputs carbon dioxide gas through the carbon dioxide delivery pipe 2306, and a second lean liquid delivery pump 2305 is fixedly installed in the middle of the third lean liquid delivery pipe 2304, and the desorption tower 23 A circulation pump 2308 is fixedly installed on one side of 03, and a reboiler 2309 is fixedly installed on one side of the circulation pump 2308. The desorption tower 2303, the circulation pump 2308 and the reboiler 2309 are connected through a circulation connecting pipe 2307. Under the action of the circulation pump 2308, the reboiler 2309 extracts the liquid inside the desorption tower 2303 through the circulation connecting pipe 2307 and heats and refluxes it, so that the temperature inside the desorption tower 2303 can be kept stable through the reboiler 2309.

[0037] See also Figures 3 to 9The waste heat recovery system 3 is composed of a multi-channel heat exchange module 2301, a second cold water input pipe 2302 and a plurality of liquid storage tanks 105. The multi-channel heat exchange module 2301 includes a heat exchange temperature control box 401. The interior of the heat exchange temperature control box 401 is connected to the second rich liquid delivery pipe 2208. A plurality of curved heat exchange tubes 411 are fixedly installed on the inner side of the heat exchange temperature control box 401. A rich liquid guide pipe 412 is installed on the inner side of the curved heat exchange tube 411. A lean liquid guide pipe 408 is installed on the inner side of the rich liquid guide pipe 412. An air guide seat 408 is installed between the plurality of curved heat exchange tubes 411 and the heat exchange temperature control box 401. 3. The desorption tower 2303 is connected to the gas guide seat 403 through the carbon dioxide delivery pipe 2306. A plurality of hollow plates are fixedly provided on one side of the gas guide seat 403. A plurality of air nozzles 410 are provided on the upper end surface of each hollow plate. A one-way valve is provided on the inner side of the air nozzle 410. A plurality of waist-shaped holes are provided on the outer surface of the curved heat exchange tube 411. The upper end of the air nozzle 410 passes through the waist-shaped holes and is plugged between the curved heat exchange tube 411 and the rich liquid guide pipe 412. The carbon dioxide gas can be uniformly output through the air nozzle 410, thereby increasing the heat in the carbon dioxide gas and fully contacting with the carbon dioxide rich liquid;

[0038] The heat exchange temperature control box 401 is fixedly installed with a plugging plate 402 on both the front and rear ends, and an isolation sealing plate 413 is fixedly installed on one side of the two plugging plates 402. A rich liquid collector 409 is fixedly installed on one side of one isolation sealing plate 413, and a plurality of guide covers 414 are fixedly installed on one side of the other isolation sealing plate 413. The rich liquid guide pipe 412 and the lean liquid guide pipe 408 are filled with carbon dioxide rich liquid. Two diverters 406 are fixedly installed on the upper ends of the plurality of lean liquid guide pipes 408 and the guide covers 414. The flow guide pipe 412 is connected to one of the flow diverters 406 through a plurality of flow guide covers 414, and a plurality of lean liquid flow guide pipes 408 are connected to another flow diverter 406. A plurality of solenoid valves 407 are provided on one side of the flow diverter 406, one of the flow diverters 406 is connected to the second rich liquid delivery pipe 2208, and another flow diverter 406 is connected to the third lean liquid delivery pipe 2304. Under the control of the solenoid valve 407, the flow diverter 406 can evenly divert the carbon dioxide rich liquid and the carbon dioxide lean liquid;

[0039] A conical exhaust hood 404 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the heat exchanger temperature control box 401, and a liquid level sensor 405 is provided on one side of the conical exhaust hood 404. A water storage tank is provided inside the heat exchanger temperature control box 401. The bottom end of the liquid level sensor 405 penetrates the conical exhaust hood 404 and is plugged into the inner side of the water storage tank. The water level of the water storage tank is lower than the bottom height of the conical exhaust hood 404. The liquid level sensor 405 can monitor the amount of cold water inside the heat exchanger temperature control box 401 to avoid excessive cold water interfering with the output of carbon dioxide gas.

[0040] When in use, the high-temperature flue gas is input into the inner side of the flue gas cooling module 101 for preliminary waste heat recovery. Specifically, the flue gas cooling module 101 is connected with multiple liquid storage tanks 105 through a water pipeline 6, and then the high-temperature flue gas passing through the inner side of the flue gas cooling module 101 can be cooled and the waste heat can be recovered and stored through the multiple liquid storage tanks 105. Then, under the action of the booster fan 103, the flue gas passes through the dust collector 102 and the desulfurization tower 104 in turn and is input into the absorption tower through the flue gas input pipe 2201. On the inner side of 2202, dust and sulfide in the flue gas can be removed by the dust collector 102 and the desulfurization tower 104, and nitride in the flue gas can be absorbed and removed by the absorption tower 2202 to obtain a carbon dioxide rich liquid, and the carbon dioxide rich liquid is sequentially transported to the inner side of multiple two-phase separators 2206 through the first rich liquid conveying pipe 2203 and multiple first lean liquid conveying pipes 2207, and then the carbon dioxide rich liquid and the carbon dioxide lean liquid can be separated in multiple stages by the multiple two-phase separators 2206;

[0041] Then, the second rich liquid delivery pump 2209 uses the second rich liquid delivery pipe 2208 to transfer the carbon dioxide rich liquid to the multi-channel heat exchange module 2301 for heat exchange and obtains a high-temperature carbon dioxide rich liquid. The high-temperature carbon dioxide rich liquid can be desorbed through the desorption tower 2303 and the carbon dioxide gas and the third lean liquid delivery pipe 2304 are respectively output. The reboiler 2309 extracts the liquid inside the desorption tower 2303 through the circulation connecting pipe 2307 under the action of the circulation pump 2308, heats it and refluxes it, and then passes through the reboiler 2309 can keep the temperature inside the desorption tower 2303 stable, and the third lean liquid delivery pipe 2304 delivers the carbon dioxide lean liquid to the inner side of the first lean liquid delivery pump 2210 through the multi-channel heat exchange module 2301, and then the first lean liquid delivery pump 2210 can collect the carbon dioxide lean liquid produced by the two-phase separator 2206 and the desorption tower 2303 through the second lean liquid delivery pipe 2211 and the third lean liquid delivery pipe 2304 and deliver it to the absorption tower 2202, and then the absorption tower 2202 can purify the flue gas and deliver it to the cooling tower 2213 through the flue gas purification delivery pipe 2212;

[0042] Cold water is input to the cooling tower 2213 through the first cold water input pipe 2215, so that the cooling tower 2213 can cool and spray the purified flue gas and discharge it through the gas discharge end 2214, and the heat of the carbon dioxide lean liquid in the third lean liquid delivery pipe 2304 and the carbon dioxide gas in the carbon dioxide delivery pipe 2306 can be reused through the multi-channel heat exchange module 2301. Specifically, the second rich liquid delivery pipe 2208 conveys and diverts the carbon dioxide rich liquid to the inner side of multiple rich liquid guide pipes 412 through one of the diverters 406, and at the same time, the third lean liquid delivery pipe 2304 conveys and diverts the carbon dioxide lean liquid to the inner side of multiple lean liquid guide pipes 408 through another diverter 406, and the carbon dioxide delivery pipe 2306 conveys and diverts the carbon dioxide gas to multiple air nozzles 410 through the gas guide seat 403;

[0043] When the power is turned on, the curved heat exchange tube 411, the rich liquid flow guide tube 412 and the lean liquid flow guide tube 408 are installed in sequence. A waist-shaped hole is provided on the outer surface of the curved heat exchange tube 411. The upper end of the air nozzle 410 passes through the waist-shaped hole and is inserted between the curved heat exchange tube 411 and the rich liquid flow guide tube 412. The carbon dioxide rich liquid and the carbon dioxide lean liquid are respectively transported in a curved manner through the plurality of rich liquid flow guide tubes 412 and the lean liquid flow guide tube 408. The carbon dioxide gas in a high-temperature state is transported between the curved heat exchange tube 411 and the rich liquid flow guide tube 412 through the air nozzle 410. Then, the carbon dioxide lean liquid and the carbon dioxide gas in a high-temperature state can be heat-exchanged synchronously with the carbon dioxide rich liquid through the lean liquid flow guide tube 408 and the rich liquid flow guide tube 412, thereby rapidly increasing the temperature of the carbon dioxide rich liquid.

[0044] Cold water is injected into the heat exchange temperature control box 401 through the second cold water input pipe 2302, and the cold water can be filled between the curved heat exchange tube 411 and the rich liquid guide pipe 412 through the waist-shaped hole. By adjusting the flow rate of the cold water inside the heat exchange temperature control box 401, the output temperature of the carbon dioxide rich liquid can be controlled, so as to meet the desorption tower 2303 to utilize the carbon dioxide rich liquid at a suitable temperature, and the heat contained in the carbon dioxide lean liquid and the carbon dioxide gas can be effectively recovered by the cold water, thereby effectively avoiding the loss of waste heat;

[0045] When carbon is captured from flue gas, the gas sensor, temperature sensor, flow sensor and pressure sensor provided in the multi-module monitoring system 4 can monitor the temperature, pressure, flow and carbon dioxide gas concentration of each pipeline in the carbon capture process in real time, and the monitored data can be remotely transmitted through the wireless transmission module.

[0046] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS, comprising a pretreatment system (1), a carbon capture component (2), a waste heat recovery system (3) and a multi-module monitoring system (4), characterized in that: The pretreatment system (1) is unidirectionally connected to the carbon capture component (2) via a desulfurized flue gas delivery pipeline (5); the pretreatment system (1) and the carbon capture component (2) are unidirectionally connected to the waste heat recovery system (3) via a water delivery pipeline (6); the pretreatment system (1), the carbon capture component (2) and the waste heat recovery system (3) are bidirectionally connected to the multi-module monitoring system (4) via a multi-channel transmission cable (7); The carbon capture assembly (2) is composed of a decarbonization separation mechanism (22) and a high-temperature analysis mechanism (23), wherein the decarbonization separation mechanism (22) comprises an absorption tower (2202), a separation protection shell (2205) is installed on one side of the absorption tower (2202), a plurality of two-phase separators (2206) are installed on the inner side of the separation protection shell (2205), two adjacent two-phase separators (2206) are connected through a first lean liquid delivery pipe (2207), a second rich liquid delivery pipe (2208) is fixedly installed at the output end of the plurality of two-phase separators (2206), and the high-temperature analysis mechanism (23) comprises a desorption tower (2303), a third lean liquid delivery pipe (2304) is installed at the bottom end of the desorption tower (2303), and a carbon dioxide delivery pipe (2306) is installed at the upper end of the desorption tower (2303); The waste heat recovery system (3) is composed of a multi-channel heat exchange module (2301), a second cold water input pipe (2302) and a plurality of liquid storage tanks (105); the multi-channel heat exchange module (2301) includes a heat exchange temperature control box (401); a plurality of curved heat exchange tubes (411) are fixedly installed on the inner side of the heat exchange temperature control box (401); a rich liquid guide tube (412) is installed on the inner side of the curved heat exchange tube (411); a lean liquid guide tube (408) is installed on the inner side of the rich liquid guide tube (412); an air guide seat (403) is installed between the plurality of curved heat exchange tubes (411) and the heat exchange temperature control box (401); a plurality of hollow plates are fixedly installed on one side of the air guide seat (403); and a plurality of air nozzles (410) are provided on the upper end surface of each of the hollow plates.

2. A flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-module monitoring system (4) includes a gas sensor, a temperature sensor, a flow sensor, a pressure sensor and a wireless transmission module. The gas sensor, the temperature sensor, the flow sensor and the pressure sensor are all electrically connected to the wireless transmission module. The gas sensor is used to monitor the carbon dioxide gas concentration inside the carbon dioxide delivery pipe (2306).

3. A flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pretreatment system (1) comprises a flue gas cooling module (101), a dust collector (102), a booster fan (103), a desulfurization tower (104) and an air pipeline; the flue gas cooling module (101), the dust collector (102), the booster fan (103) and the desulfurization tower (104) are sequentially connected through the air pipeline; the flue gas cooling module (101) is connected to a plurality of liquid storage tanks (105) through a water pipeline (6).

4. The flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS according to claim 3, characterized in that: The decarbonization separation mechanism (22) further comprises a flue gas input pipe (2201) which is connected to the input end of the absorption tower (2202); a second rich liquid delivery pump (2209) is fixedly installed in the middle of the second rich liquid delivery pipe (2208); a first rich liquid delivery pipe (2203) is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the absorption tower (2202); a first rich liquid delivery pump (2204) is fixedly installed in the middle of the first rich liquid delivery pipe (2203); and a second phase separator (2206) is fixedly installed at the upper end thereof. A second lean liquid delivery pipe (2211), a first lean liquid delivery pump (2210) is fixedly installed in the middle of the second lean liquid delivery pipe (2211), a flue gas purification delivery pipe (2212) is fixedly installed at the upper end of the absorption tower (2202), a cooling tower (2213) is installed at one end of the flue gas purification delivery pipe (2212), a first cold water input pipe (2215) is fixedly installed on one side of the cooling tower (2213), and a gas discharge end (2214) is fixedly installed at the upper end of the cooling tower (2213).

5. A flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS according to claim 4, characterized in that: The high-temperature analysis mechanism (23) also includes a second lean liquid delivery pump (2305) fixedly connected to the middle of the third lean liquid delivery pipe (2304), a circulation pump (2308) is fixedly installed on one side of the desorption tower (2303), and a reboiler (2309) is fixedly installed on one side of the circulation pump (2308), and the desorption tower (2303), the circulation pump (2308) and the reboiler (2309) are connected through a circulation connecting pipe (2307).

6. A flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS according to claim 5, characterized in that: The waste heat recovery system (3) further comprises a sealing plate (402) fixedly connected to both front and rear end surfaces of the heat exchange temperature control box (401); one side of each of the two sealing plates (402) is fixedly mounted with an isolation sealing plate (413); one side of one of the isolation sealing plates (413) is fixedly mounted with a rich liquid collecting seat (409); one side of the other isolation sealing plate (413) is fixedly mounted with a plurality of guide covers (414); and the plurality of lean liquid guide pipes (408) and the guide covers (414) are fixedly mounted with a plurality of guide covers (414). Two flow dividers (406) are fixedly mounted on the upper end, and a plurality of solenoid valves (407) are provided on one side of the flow divider (406), one of the flow dividers (406) is connected to the second rich liquid delivery pipe (2208), and the other flow divider (406) is connected to the third lean liquid delivery pipe (2304). A conical exhaust hood (404) is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the heat exchange temperature control box (401), and a liquid level sensor (405) is provided on one side of the conical exhaust hood (404).

7. A flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS according to claim 6, characterized in that: The absorption tower (2202) is connected to the desulfurization tower (104) via a flue gas inlet pipe (2201); the bottom end of the absorption tower (2202) is connected to a plurality of two-phase separators (2206) via a first rich liquid delivery pipe (2203) and a plurality of first lean liquid delivery pipes (2207); the second lean liquid delivery pipe (2211) is connected to a third lean liquid delivery pipe (2304) via a first lean liquid delivery pump (2210); and the interior of the heat exchange temperature control box (401) is connected to the second rich liquid delivery pipe (2208).

8. The flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS according to claim 7, characterized in that: The desorption tower (2303) is connected to the gas guide seat (403) through a carbon dioxide delivery pipe (2306), the desorption tower (2303) outputs carbon dioxide gas through the carbon dioxide delivery pipe (2306), the multiple two-phase separators (2206) output carbon dioxide rich liquid through the second rich liquid delivery pipe (2208), the desorption tower (2303) outputs carbon dioxide lean liquid through the third lean liquid delivery pipe (2304), and the two-phase separator (2206) outputs carbon dioxide lean liquid through the second lean liquid delivery pipe (2211).

9. A flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS according to claim 8, characterized in that: A water storage tank is provided inside the heat exchange temperature control box (401); the bottom end of the liquid level sensor (405) passes through the conical exhaust hood (404) and is plugged into the inner side of the water storage tank; the water level of the water storage tank is lower than the bottom height of the conical exhaust hood (404); a one-way valve is provided on the inner side of the air nozzle (410); a plurality of waist-shaped holes are provided on the outer surface of the curved heat exchange tube (411); the upper end of the air nozzle (410) passes through the waist-shaped holes and is plugged into between the curved heat exchange tube (411) and the rich liquid guide tube (412).

10. A flue gas carbon capture system based on CCUS according to claim 9, characterized in that: Carbon dioxide rich liquid is filled between the rich liquid guide pipe (412) and the lean liquid guide pipe (408); a plurality of the rich liquid guide pipes (412) are connected to one of the flow dividers (406) via a plurality of guide covers (414); and a plurality of the lean liquid guide pipes (408) are connected to another flow divider (406).

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