Drum-shaped spline machining method, storage medium and shaft part

Abstract

The invention discloses a drum-shaped spline machining method, a storage medium and a shaft part, belongs to the technical field of machining, and mainly aims to reduce the machining cost and improve the machining efficiency. According to the main technical scheme, the drum-shaped spline machining method comprises the steps that the radial offset of the initial position and the radial offset of the middle position relative to a shaft part in the machining process of the shaft part through a gear machining tool are calculated; on the basis of the radial offset obtained through calculation, the curve track of the gear machining tool when the shaft part is machined is determined; and programming operation is carried out according to the determined curve track, so that a metal cutting machine tool is driven by utilizing a programming instruction to realize drum-shaped spline machining of the shaft part.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of mechanical processing technology, and specifically relates to a drum spline processing method, a storage medium and a shaft part. Background Art

[0002] In the field of mechanical transmission, spline connections are widely used because they can transmit large torques and have good centering performance. Among the various types of splines, drum splines show regular changes in tooth thickness along the axial direction. Starting from both ends of the spline, the tooth thickness gradually increases until it reaches the maximum value at the center of the spline tooth width, and then gradually decreases. Therefore, when subjected to load and relative motion, the center of the tooth width will first bear the main wear effect. By preferentially wearing the center of the tooth width, the wear distribution of the entire spline during long-term use can be effectively dispersed, avoiding spline failure caused by local excessive wear, thereby significantly improving the overall service life of the drum spline, making it more competitive in mechanical transmission systems with high requirements for reliability and durability, and providing a strong guarantee for the stable operation and long-term work of related mechanical equipment.

[0003] However, the existing drum spline processing solutions mostly use gear hobbing to roughly machine the tooth grooves, and then use profile grinding to complete the fine processing. Because it uses the method of grinding the tooth grooves one by one, the processing efficiency is extremely low, which greatly prolongs the production cycle and is difficult to meet the needs of mass production. At the same time, the process is expensive, not only because the processing process is complicated and time-consuming, but also because the profile grinding equipment itself is expensive, which brings huge challenges to the company's equipment investment and production cost control. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present application provides a drum spline processing method, a storage medium and a shaft part, the main purpose of which is to reduce processing costs and improve processing efficiency.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application mainly provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect of the present application, a method for machining a drum spline is provided, comprising:

[0007] Calculating the radial offset of the starting position and the intermediate position of the gear machining tool relative to the shaft part during the machining process of the shaft part;

[0008] Based on the calculated radial offset, determining a curve trajectory of the gear machining tool when machining the shaft part;

[0009] Programming operations are performed according to the determined curve trajectory, so that the metal cutting machine tool is driven by programming instructions to realize the drum spline processing of the shaft parts.

[0010] Optionally, the step of calculating the radial offset of a starting position and an intermediate position of a gear machining tool relative to a shaft part during machining of the shaft part comprises:

[0011] Select any point on the theoretical tooth surface as the calculation reference point;

[0012] Based on the selected calculation reference point, the reverse extension line of the normal line of the point is connected with the tangent point of the shaft part and the center point of the shaft part to construct a first right triangle;

[0013] Based on the calculation reference point, a second right triangle is constructed using the normal line of the calculation reference point and the circumferential tangent line of the calculation reference point relative to the shaft part;

[0014] The radial offset is calculated according to the second right triangle.

[0015] Optionally, the normal of the calculated reference point constitutes the hypotenuse of the second right triangle, the angle between the normal of the calculated reference point and the circumferential tangent of the calculated reference point relative to the shaft part is the pressure angle of the calculated reference point, the length of the right-angled side of the second right triangle facing the pressure angle is the radial offset, and the length of the other right-angled side of the second right triangle is the drum shape change of the center part of the drum spline relative to the two end parts.

[0016] Optionally, the radial offset calculation formula is:

[0017] Δr=Δn / sinα

[0018] In the formula, Δr is the radial offset, Δn is the length of the hypotenuse of the second right triangle, and α is the angle of the pressure angle.

[0019] Optionally, the calculation formula for the hypotenuse length of the second right triangle is:

[0020] Δn=Δb / cosα

[0021] In the formula, Δn is the length of the hypotenuse of the second right triangle, Δb is the amount of change in the drum shape, and α is the angle of the pressure angle.

[0022] Optionally, the curved trajectory is an arc shape.

[0023] Optionally, determining a curve trajectory of the gear machining tool when machining the shaft part based on the calculated radial offset includes:

[0024] Based on the calculated radial offset, the radius of the curved trajectory is calculated.

[0025] Optionally, the radius calculation formula of the curved trajectory is:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, R is the radius of the curve trajectory, c is the height of the shaft part, and Δr is the radial offset.

[0028] In a second aspect of the present application, a storage medium is provided, on which a programming program is stored. When the programming program is executed, it can drive the metal cutting machine tool as described above to realize the drum spline processing of the shaft part.

[0029] A third aspect of the present application provides a shaft-type part, wherein the shaft-type part is provided with a drum-shaped spline area along the axial direction, and the drum-shaped splines in the drum-shaped spline area are manufactured by the drum-shaped spline processing method as described above.

[0030] By means of the above technical solution, the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The embodiment of the present application provides a drum spline processing method, storage medium and shaft parts, wherein the drum spline processing method is compared with the existing method of first rough machining the tooth groove by hobbing, and then grinding and shaping the tooth grooves one by one by a forming gear grinder to complete the fine machining. The radial offset of the gear machining tool is calculated to determine the curve trajectory during its machining, and then the metal cutting machine tool is programmed to drive the machining according to the curve trajectory, which changes the original complex and time-consuming machining process, avoids the inefficient operation of grinding the tooth grooves one by one, effectively shortens the machining time, improves the machining efficiency of the drum spline, and is more conducive to meeting the needs of mass production. At the same time, the drum spline machining method optimizes the machining process, reduces the dependence on high-cost equipment and the time cost caused by cumbersome procedures, thereby helping enterprises reduce equipment investment and production costs, and achieve the purpose of reducing costs and increasing efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 A flowchart of a drum spline processing method according to an optional embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 2 A flowchart of a drum spline processing method according to another optional embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure corresponding to step S1011 and step S1012 in the example shown;

[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structures corresponding to step S1013 and step S1014 in the example shown.

[0036] The reference numerals are:

[0037] 1. Theoretical tooth surface; 2. Calculation reference point; 3. Normal line; 4. Reverse extension line; 5. Tangent point; 6. Center point; 7. First right triangle; 8. Circumferential tangent line; 9. Second right triangle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present application and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0039] See also Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a method for processing a drum spline, comprising:

[0040] Step S101: Calculate the radial offset of the starting position and the middle position of the gear machining tool relative to the shaft part during the machining process of the shaft part.

[0041] Among them, the gear processing tool can be a gear hobbing cutter.

[0042] Specifically, the tooth thickness of the drum spline along the axial direction shows a regular change, increasing from the two ends to the center. In order to machine this shape, it is necessary to determine the radial distance change of the starting position and the middle position of the gear machining tool relative to the shaft parts during the machining process, that is, the radial offset. This is because the radial distance between the gear machining tool and the shaft parts at different positions determines the thickness of the machined spline teeth. For example, the tooth thickness is the largest at the center of the tooth width, and the radial position of the gear machining tool should be farther away from the shaft parts than at the two ends. By calculating this radial offset, it is possible to ensure that the tooth shape that meets the shape requirements of the drum spline is machined.

[0043] Further, see Figure 2 As shown, step S101 includes:

[0044] Step S1011: Select any point on the theoretical tooth surface 1 as the calculation reference point 2.

[0045] The theoretical tooth surface 1 can be any spline tooth surface.

[0046] Specifically, in order to accurately calculate the radial offset of the gear machining tool relative to the shaft part, it is necessary to determine a reference point on the theoretical tooth surface 1 to carry out subsequent geometric calculations. This reference point can be used as the calculation reference point 2, and the geometric model for calculating the radial offset is constructed by calculating the reference point 2.

[0047] Step S1012: Based on the selected calculation reference point 2, the reverse extension line 4 of the normal line 3 of the point is connected with the tangent point 5 of the shaft part and the center point 6 of the shaft part to construct the first right triangle 7.

[0048] The normal line 3 of the calculation reference point 2 is a vector perpendicular to the tangent line of the theoretical tooth surface 1 at that point. The normal line 3 of the calculation reference point 2 is extended in the reverse direction, and the reverse extension line 4 of the normal line 3 will intersect the surface of the shaft part at one point.

[0049] Specifically, see Figure 3 As shown, according to the involute formation rule, the reverse extension line 4 of the normal line 3 of the calculation reference point 2 must be tangent to the spline base circle, and the angle α is the pressure angle of the point. At this time, connecting the tangent point 5, the center point 6 of the shaft part and the calculation reference point 2, a right triangle is formed, that is, the first right triangle 7.

[0050] Among them, the line segment connecting the center point 6 of the shaft part and the tangent point 5 constitutes a right-angled side of the first right-angled triangle 7, the line segment connecting the tangent point 5 and the calculation reference point 2 constitutes the other right-angled side of the first right-angled triangle 7, and the line segment connecting the center point 6 of the shaft part and the calculation reference point 2 constitutes the hypotenuse of the first right-angled triangle 7.

[0051] Specifically, see Figure 3 As shown, it can be seen that the hypotenuse of the first right-angled triangle 7 is roughly the same as the offset path of the gear machining tool. This error is acceptable in mechanical machining. Therefore, based on the approximate relationship between the hypotenuse and the offset path of the gear machining tool, and further combined with the specific design parameters of the drum spline, such as the law of tooth thickness change, etc., the radial offset of the gear machining tool at the starting position and the middle position relative to the shaft part can be gradually derived through geometric calculations and trigonometric function relationships.

[0052] Step S1013: Based on the calculated reference point 2, a second right triangle 9 is constructed using the normal 3 of the calculated reference point 2 and the circumferential tangent 8 of the calculated reference point 2 relative to the shaft part.

[0053] Among them, in the above step S1012, the lengths of the three sides of the first right triangle 7 are all unknown, and only the angle α is known. In this case, the length of the hypotenuse of the first right triangle 7 cannot be directly calculated, and thus the radial offset cannot be smoothly calculated. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the normal 3 of the reference point 2 based on the hypotenuse of the first right triangle 7 to construct a new second right triangle 9, and the second right triangle 9 must have one side as a known quantity, and the radial offset can only be calculated through this second right triangle 9.

[0054] Specifically, when the variation of the drum shape of the drum spline is known, the second right triangle 9 can be constructed according to the variation of the drum shape of the drum spline. Figure 4 As shown, the direction of the drum shape change of the drum spline is the same as the direction of the circumferential tangent 8 of the calculation reference point 2 relative to the shaft part. Therefore, the second right triangle 9 is constructed by combining the circumferential tangent 8 of the calculation reference point 2 relative to the shaft part with the normal 3 of the calculation reference point 2.

[0055] Among them, in this embodiment, see Figure 4 As shown, the normal line 3 of the calculated reference point 2 constitutes the hypotenuse of the second right triangle 9, the angle between the normal line 3 of the calculated reference point 2 and the circumferential tangent line 8 of the calculated reference point 2 relative to the shaft part is the pressure angle of the calculated reference point 2, the right-angled side facing the pressure angle in the second right triangle 9 is roughly the same as the offset path of the gear machining tool, and its length is used to characterize the radial offset, and the other right-angled side in the second right triangle 9, that is, the length of the circumferential tangent line 8 of the calculated reference point 2 relative to the shaft part is used to characterize the drum shape change of the center part of the drum spline relative to the two end parts.

[0056] Specifically, in this embodiment, the circumferential tangent 8 of the calculation reference point 2 relative to the shaft part is perpendicular to the line segment connecting the center point 6 of the shaft part and the calculation reference point 2, that is, the right angle side of the pressure angle of the calculation reference point 2 in the second right triangle 9 is perpendicular to the hypotenuse of the first right triangle 7. Therefore, the right angle side facing the pressure angle in the second right triangle 9 is parallel to the hypotenuse of the first right triangle 7, so that the length of the right angle side facing the pressure angle in the second right triangle 9 can represent the radial offset.

[0057] Step S1014: Calculate the radial offset according to the second right triangle 9.

[0058] The radial offset calculation formula is:

[0059] Δr=Δn / sinα

[0060] Wherein, Δr is the radial offset, Δn is the length of the hypotenuse of the second right triangle 9, and α is the pressure angle.

[0061] The calculation formula for the length of the hypotenuse of the second right triangle 9 is:

[0062] Δn=Δb / cosα

[0063] Wherein, Δn is the length of the hypotenuse of the second right triangle 9, Δb is the amount of change in the drum shape, and α is the angle of the pressure angle.

[0064] Step S201: Based on the calculated radial offset, determine the curve trajectory of the gear machining tool when machining the shaft part.

[0065] Among them, when the drum spline is an axisymmetric shape, the trajectory of the gear processing tool is also a curve that is symmetrical about the center of the shaft part.

[0066] Specifically, starting from the starting position, the gear machining tool moves axially along the shaft part, while the radial position gradually changes according to the calculated offset, reaching the maximum radial offset at the middle position, and then gradually changes back to the starting position at the other end, thus forming a drum-shaped curve trajectory.

[0067] Furthermore, the curved trajectory is in the shape of an arc.

[0068] Among them, from the perspective of the relative movement of the gear machining tool and the shaft parts, the arc trajectory conforms to the natural movement state of the gear machining tool when machining around the shaft parts. When the gear machining tool is rotating and cutting, if the change of its radial position follows the arc trajectory, the cutting force distribution between the gear machining tool and the shaft parts can be more uniform.

[0069] Further, step S201 includes:

[0070] Step S2011: Calculate the radius of the curve track based on the calculated radial offset.

[0071] The calculation formula of the radius of the curve trajectory is:

[0072]

[0073] Where R is the radius of the curve trajectory, c is the height of the shaft part, and Δr is the radial offset.

[0074] Step S301: Perform programming operations according to the determined curve trajectory, so as to utilize programming instructions to drive a metal cutting machine tool to realize drum spline processing of shaft parts.

[0075] Among them, when the gear processing tool is a gear hobbing cutter, the metal cutting machine tool is a CNC gear hobbing machine.

[0076] The drum spline processing method provided in the embodiment of the present application determines the curve trajectory during processing by calculating the radial offset of the gear processing tool, and then drives the metal cutting machine tool to process according to the programming of the curve trajectory, which changes the original complex and time-consuming processing process, avoids the inefficient operation of grinding the tooth grooves one by one, effectively shortens the processing time, improves the processing efficiency of the drum spline, and is more conducive to meeting the needs of mass production. At the same time, the drum spline processing method optimizes the processing process, reduces the dependence on high-cost equipment and the time cost caused by cumbersome processes, thereby helping enterprises reduce equipment investment and production costs, and achieve the purpose of reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

[0077] Based on the above Figure 1 and Figure 2 The method shown, accordingly, an embodiment of the present application also provides a storage medium, on which a programming program is stored. When the programming program is executed, it can drive the metal cutting machine tool as mentioned above to realize the drum spline processing of shaft parts.

[0078] Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which can be a CD-ROM, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, etc.), including a number of instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of various implementation scenarios of the present application.

[0079] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, an embodiment of the present application further provides a shaft-type part, in which a drum-shaped spline area is arranged along the axial direction, and the drum-shaped spline in the drum-shaped spline area is manufactured by the drum-shaped spline processing method as described above.

[0080] The above disclosure only discloses several specific implementation scenarios of the present application. However, the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes that can be conceived by technicians in this field should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for processing a drum spline, characterized in that: include: Calculating the radial offset of the starting position and the intermediate position of the gear machining tool relative to the shaft part during the machining process of the shaft part; Based on the calculated radial offset, determining a curve trajectory of the gear machining tool when machining the shaft part; Programming operations are performed according to the determined curve trajectory, so that the metal cutting machine tool is driven by programming instructions to realize the drum spline processing of the shaft parts.

2. The drum spline processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of calculating the radial offset of the starting position and the intermediate position of the gear machining tool relative to the shaft part during machining of the shaft part comprises: Select any point on the theoretical tooth surface (1) as a calculation reference point (2); Based on the selected calculation reference point (2), the reverse extension line (4) of the normal line (3) of the point is connected with the tangent point (5) of the shaft part and the center point (6) of the shaft part, so as to construct a first right triangle (7); Based on the calculation reference point (2), a second right triangle (9) is constructed using a normal line (3) of the calculation reference point (2) and a circumferential tangent line (8) of the calculation reference point (2) relative to the shaft part; The radial offset is calculated based on the second right triangle (9).

3. The drum spline processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The normal line (3) of the calculation reference point (2) constitutes the hypotenuse of the second right triangle (9); the angle between the normal line (3) of the calculation reference point (2) and the circumferential tangent (8) of the calculation reference point (2) relative to the shaft-like part is the pressure angle of the calculation reference point (2); the length of the right-angled side of the second right triangle (9) facing the pressure angle is the radial offset; the length of the other right-angled side of the second right triangle (9) is the drum shape change of the center part of the drum spline relative to the two end parts.

4. The method for processing a drum spline according to claim 3, characterized in that: The radial offset calculation formula is: Δr=Δn / sinα In the formula, Δr is the radial offset, Δn is the length of the hypotenuse of the second right triangle (9), and α is the angle of the pressure angle.

5. The method for machining a drum spline according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the length of the hypotenuse of the second right triangle (9) is: Δn=Δb / cosα In the formula, Δn is the length of the hypotenuse of the second right triangle (9), Δb is the amount of change in the drum shape, and α is the angle of the pressure angle.

6. The method for machining a drum spline according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curved track is in the shape of an arc.

7. The method for machining a drum spline according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the curve trajectory of the gear machining tool when machining the shaft part based on the calculated radial offset includes: Based on the calculated radial offset, the radius of the curved trajectory is calculated.

8. The method for machining a drum spline according to claim 7, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the radius of the curve trajectory is: In the formula, R is the radius of the curve trajectory, c is the height of the shaft part, and Δr is the radial offset.

9. A storage medium having a programming program stored thereon, characterized in that: When executed, the programming program can drive the metal cutting machine tool as described in claim 1 to realize the crown spline processing of the shaft part.

10. A shaft part, characterized in that: The shaft-type parts are provided with a drum-shaped spline area along the axial direction, and the drum-shaped splines in the drum-shaped spline area are manufactured by the drum-shaped spline processing method as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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