Biomass external combustion heat supply pyrolysis and gasification reaction device

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a biomass external combustion heat supply pyrolysis and gasification reaction device, which comprises a gas conveying device, a reactor, a screw feeder, a solid material distributor, a hearth, a biomass burner, a water cooling jacket, a manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve, a star-shaped discharge machine, a discharge bin, a condenser and a gas product collecting device. The present invention uses a biomass burner to supply heat to the reactor in a biomass external combustion manner, which can improve the energy grade matching degree between the pyrolysis and gasification process and the heat supply process, and realize zero carbon dioxide emission of the heat supply process. The heat of the gas product collected by the gas product collecting device is used to preheat the inlet gas of the reactor, realizing the cascade utilization of energy. In addition, the gas type and flow entering the reactor can be adjusted through the gas conveying device, realizing the integration of the reactor pyrolysis and gasification functions. The present invention has good social benefits and industrial application scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy and power, specifically to a biomass external combustion heating pyrolysis and gasification reaction device. Background Technology

[0002] Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that decomposes fuels such as coal and biomass into gases, liquids, and coke at high temperatures. Typically, pyrolysis occurs in the absence of oxygen or under an inert gas atmosphere, with temperatures ranging from several hundred to several thousand degrees Celsius. The properties of the pyrolysis products are mainly influenced by factors such as temperature, reaction time, feedstock type, and reactor type. Gasification is a process that converts carbon-based fuels into syngas at high temperatures and in a gasifying agent atmosphere. The temperature range for gasification is typically between 600 and 1500 degrees Celsius, and the gasifying agent is usually oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. The main components of syngas are carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane, with the proportions depending on the fuel and reaction conditions. Pyrolysis and gasification technologies are mainly used in the chemical industry, combined cycle power plants, and gas production.

[0003] In existing pyrolysis and gasification technologies, the heat generated from the combustion of fossil fuels such as natural gas or coal is typically used to heat the pyrolysis furnace and gasification furnace. However, existing heating methods also have drawbacks such as fuel grade mismatch, high energy consumption, and high carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, there is a need to find a low-carbon and economical heating method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the issues of high carbon dioxide emissions and fuel grade mismatch in existing pyrolysis and gasification technologies for heating, this invention proposes a pyrolysis and gasification reactor for biomass external combustion heating, comprising:

[0005] A gas delivery device, connected to the reactor, provides delivery channels for at least three gases: gasifying agent, inert gas required for pyrolysis reaction, and purge gas.

[0006] The reactor is used to perform the pyrolysis or gasification reaction of fuel; the reactor is divided into three parts from top to bottom: a preheating section, a constant temperature section, and a solid product collection section.

[0007] The screw feeder, located above the preheating section and solid material distributor of the reactor, is used to control the fuel feeding rate and achieve continuous fuel feeding.

[0008] The solid feed distributor, located in the preheating section of the reactor and above the furnace, is used to evenly distribute the inlet fuel.

[0009] The furnace completely covers the constant temperature section of the reactor, and heats the reactor with high-temperature flue gas generated by biomass combustion.

[0010] The biomass burner is connected to the furnace and controls the biomass combustion by controlling the air distribution and biomass feed rate, thereby regulating the combustion temperature in the furnace.

[0011] A water-cooled jacket, located at the bottom of the reactor, is used to cool the pyrolysis or gasification products;

[0012] Manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve is used to prevent leakage of high-pressure gas generated during the unloading process;

[0013] A star-shaped feeder enables continuous discharge of solid products;

[0014] The discharge hopper, connected to the rotary valve feeder, is used for the storage and discharge of solid products;

[0015] The first condenser is used to cool the flue gas at the furnace outlet.

[0016] The second condenser is used to cool the gas at the outlet of the discharge silo.

[0017] A gaseous product collection device, connected to the reactor, is used to cool and collect the gaseous products;

[0018] Temperature and pressure measuring elements are used to measure the temperature and pressure at different locations inside and outside the reactor, including the inlet gas, biomass burner, furnace, gaseous products, furnace outlet flue gas, and the reactor itself.

[0019] Preferably, the gas conveying device is connected to the upper part of the reactor, and the gas product collecting device is connected to the solid product collecting section of the reactor, so as to realize the gas intake direction from top to bottom; or the gas product collecting device is connected to the upper part of the reactor, and the gas conveying device is connected to the solid product collecting section of the reactor, so as to realize the gas intake direction from bottom to top.

[0020] The gas conveying device and the gas product collecting device are equipped with heat exchangers. The two heat exchangers are connected, or the gas conveying device and the gas product collecting device share a heat exchanger, which is used to provide the gas product heat recovered by the gas product collecting device to the gas conveying device to preheat the gas introduced into the reactor.

[0021] Preferably, the gas conveying device includes multiple conveying channels, each equipped with a ball valve, a manual regulating valve, a safety valve, a flow meter, temperature and pressure measuring elements, and a first heat exchanger, enabling the introduction of various gases, temperature and pressure monitoring, and flow control; the ball valve controls the inflow of different types of gases, realizing the conversion between reactor pyrolysis and gasification functions; the manual regulating valve regulates the flow rate of the conveying channels; the safety valve controls the on / off connection between the gas conveying device and the reactor; the first heat exchanger preheats the gas, with the heat from the heat released by the cooling of gas products in the gas product collection device; and the flow meter and temperature and pressure measuring elements monitor the gas flow rate, temperature, and pressure.

[0022] Preferably, the main pipeline of the gas product collection device is equipped with a second heat exchanger and a water-cooled coil condenser. The second heat exchanger is connected to a bypass pipeline, the inlet of the main pipeline is connected to a temperature and pressure measuring element, and the outlet of the water-cooled coil condenser is connected to the gas product outlet. The second heat exchanger is used to recover heat from the gas product and provide it to the first heat exchanger. The water-cooled coil condenser is used to cool the gas product.

[0023] Preferably, the furnace is a two-part opening and closing structure, insulated with heat-resistant material, and the outer shell of the furnace is made of heat-resistant stainless steel; the design temperature of the reactor is 800-1500℃, and the design pressure is 0.1-5MPa; the biomass burners are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the furnace.

[0024] Preferably, the water-cooled jacket and the manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve are in two sets, wherein the first water-cooled jacket, the first manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve, the second water-cooled jacket, and the second manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve are connected in sequence from top to bottom; the star-shaped feeder and the discharge bin are located below the manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve.

[0025] Preferably, the first condenser is connected to the top of the furnace, and a temperature measuring element is provided on the connecting pipe; the second condenser is connected to the discharge hopper via a ball valve, and a manual regulating valve is also connected to the outlet pipe of the second condenser.

[0026] Preferably, the feed for the screw feeder is coal, biomass, or a mixture of coal and biomass.

[0027] Preferably, multiple temperature measuring points are evenly distributed on both sides of the reactor inside the furnace; multiple temperature measuring points are evenly distributed on the part of the reactor constant temperature section covered by the furnace.

[0028] Preferably, the device operates as follows:

[0029] A gas delivery device introduces purging gas into the reactor to expel the air inside the reactor;

[0030] The gas delivery device stops the purge gas from entering and switches to the first gas required for the reaction; when a gasification reaction is carried out, the first gas is a gasifying agent; when a pyrolysis reaction is carried out, the first gas is an inert gas required for the pyrolysis reaction.

[0031] Air and biomass are supplied to the biomass burner, and the biomass burner is started to start burning the biomass. The high-temperature flue gas generated heats the reactor, and the outlet flue gas is cooled by the first condenser before being discharged. By adjusting the input of air and biomass, the reactor can reach the temperature required for the reaction.

[0032] Once the required reaction temperature is reached, start the screw feeder to input fuel above the solid material distributor, so that the fuel enters the reactor evenly.

[0033] The fuel undergoes a pyrolysis / gasification reaction in the reactor. After the predetermined reaction time is reached, the gas product recovery device is turned on. The gas product enters the gas product recovery device to preheat the first gas, then cools it, and is subsequently discharged and collected.

[0034] Open the manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve. The solid products generated by the reaction are cooled by the water-cooled jacket and then enter the star-shaped discharge machine and are discharged through the discharge hopper. The high-temperature gas in the discharge hopper is cooled by the second condenser and then discharged.

[0035] Beneficial effects:

[0036] (1) This invention utilizes the heat generated by burning biomass in a furnace to heat the pyrolysis or gasification process. Since biomass is a carbon-neutral fuel, it does not produce additional carbon dioxide emissions. Furthermore, biomass is a low-grade fuel, which reduces the use of high-grade fuels. Compared to traditional heating methods, external combustion of biomass for heating reduces heating costs and carbon dioxide emissions.

[0037] (2) The gaseous products discharged from the reactor outlet still have a high temperature and have the potential for waste heat recovery. This invention recovers the heat of the gaseous products to heat the inlet gas of the reactor, thus realizing the recovery and utilization of the heat of the gaseous products.

[0038] (3) Existing reactors typically only contain a single function of pyrolysis or gasification, and cannot integrate the functions of pyrolysis and gasification. In this invention, the type and flow rate of the gas entering the reactor can be adjusted by a gas conveying device, so that the reactor can integrate the functions of pyrolysis and gasification.

[0039] (4) In this invention, the temperature sensing element can monitor the internal temperature of the reactor. By controlling the biomass mass and air volume entering the biomass burner, the biomass combustion is controlled, thereby controlling the combustion temperature inside the furnace and achieving temperature regulation inside the reactor.

[0040] (5) In this invention, the positions of the gas conveying device and the gas product collecting device can be interchanged. The above structure can change the gas inlet direction in the reactor. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a biomass external combustion heating pyrolysis and gasification reaction device proposed in this invention.

[0042] In the above appendix Figure 1In the diagram, the components and their corresponding markings are as follows: 1, 2, 3 - ball valves; 4, 5, 42, 44, 47, 51, 53 - manual regulating valves; 6, 7 - flow meters; 8 - first heat exchanger, 48 - second heat exchanger; 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 31, 32, 34, 38, 45 - temperature sensing elements; 10, 18, 46, 52 - pressure sensing elements; 11 - safety valve; 19 - screw feeder; 20 - solid material distributor; 21 - reactor; 22 - furnace; 26, 33 - biomass fuel. Burner; 29-First condenser, 43-Second condenser; 35, 37-Water cooling jacket; 36, 39-Manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve; 40-Rotary feeder; 41-Discharge hopper; 49-Bypass; 50-Water-cooled coil condenser; 54-Gasifying agent; 55-Inert gas; 57, 58, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72-Water; 56-Purge gas; 59-Outlet flue gas; 60, 62-Air distribution; 61, 63-Biomass; 64-Gaseous product; 65-Sampling port; 66-Gaseous product outlet; 73-Pressure relief port; 74-High-temperature flue gas. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The following is a reference to the appendix. Figure 1 The description of the embodiments of the present invention is intended to explain the overall inventive concept of the present invention, and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0044] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a structural diagram of a biomass external combustion heating pyrolysis and gasification reaction device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which includes: a gas conveying device, a reaction device, a biomass external combustion heating device, a gas product recovery device, and a solid product recovery device.

[0045] A gas delivery device, connected to the reactor, provides delivery channels for at least three gases: the gasifying agent, the inert gas required for the pyrolysis reaction, and the purge gas. In this embodiment, the gas delivery device is connected to the upper part of the reactor, enabling the gas to enter from top to bottom.

[0046] Optionally, the inert gas required for the pyrolysis reaction can be nitrogen or argon, the gasifying agent required for the gasification reaction can be oxygen, carbon dioxide or water vapor, and the purging gas can be nitrogen or argon.

[0047] In this preferred embodiment, the gas delivery device consists of ball valves 1, 2, and 3, manual regulating valves 4 and 5, flow meters 6 and 7, heat exchanger 8, temperature measuring element 9, pressure measuring element 10, and safety valve 11. This device can realize the introduction, preheating, temperature and pressure monitoring, and flow control of various gases.

[0048] Specifically, the inlet of the gasifying agent 54 is connected to the heat exchanger 8 via ball valve 1, manual regulating valve 4, and flow meter 6, while the inlet of the inert gas 55 is connected to the first heat exchanger 8 via ball valve 2, manual regulating valve 5, and flow meter 7. The heat exchanger 8 is connected to the reactor 21 via safety valve 11, and temperature measuring element 9 and pressure measuring element 10 are installed on the connecting pipeline. In addition, the inlet of the purge gas 56 is also connected to the gasifying agent delivery pipeline via ball valve 3, sharing a manual regulating valve with the gasifying agent. The inflow of different types of gases is controlled by the ball valve to realize the conversion between the reactor's pyrolysis and gasification functions; the flow rate of the delivery channel is regulated by the manual regulating valve; the on / off control of the gas delivery device and the reactor is achieved by the safety valve; the gas is preheated by the first heat exchanger, the heat of which comes from the heat released by the cooling of the gas products in the gas product collection device; and the flow rate, temperature, and pressure of the gas are monitored by the flow meter and temperature and pressure measuring elements.

[0049] The reaction apparatus mainly includes a reactor 21, a screw feeder 19, and a solid material distributor 20. Among them:

[0050] Reactor 21 is capable of withstanding high temperatures and pressures to achieve fuel pyrolysis or gasification reactions. Furthermore, reactor 21 is mainly divided into three parts: a preheating section, a constant-temperature section, and a solid product collection section. The preheating section is located above the furnace 22, the constant-temperature section is located inside the furnace 22, and the solid product collection section is located below the furnace 22. The reactor is designed for a temperature of 800-1500℃ and a pressure of 0.1-5MPa.

[0051] The screw feeder 19, located in the preheating section of the reactor 21 above the solid material distributor 20, is used to control the fuel feed rate and achieve continuous fuel feeding. Furthermore, the type of feed to the screw feeder 19 is not limited; it can be coal, biomass, or a mixture of coal and biomass, etc.

[0052] Solid feed distributor 20, located in the preheating section of reactor 21 above furnace 22, is used to uniformly distribute the inlet fuel.

[0053] The biomass external combustion heating device mainly includes a furnace 22, biomass burners 26 and 33, and a first condenser 29. Among them:

[0054] The furnace 22, located in the constant-temperature section of the reactor 21 and completely covering it, is used to heat the reactor 21 with high-temperature flue gas 74, ensuring that the biomass is burned as completely as possible and resulting in a uniform heat load on the wall. In this preferred embodiment, the furnace can be a two-part opening and closing structure, facilitating furnace cleaning and reactor inspection. Symmetrically distributed, evenly spaced temperature sensing elements 23-25 ​​and 30-32 are arranged on the left and right sides of the furnace 22.

[0055] Biomass burners 26 and 33 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the furnace 22. They mainly control the air distribution and biomass feed to achieve efficient combustion of biomass and control the combustion temperature in the furnace. Temperature measuring elements 27 and 34 are installed at the outlets of the two biomass burners.

[0056] The first condenser 29, connected to the furnace 22, is primarily used to cool the flue gas exiting the furnace. Temperature sensing elements 28 are installed on the pipe connecting the first condenser 29 to the furnace 22. The cooling medium for the condenser can be water.

[0057] The solid product recovery unit mainly includes a water-cooled jacket, a manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve, a rotary valve, a discharge hopper, and a second condenser. To ensure cooling efficiency and prevent high-pressure leakage, two sets of safety water-cooled jackets and manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valves are provided.

[0058] Water-cooled jackets 35 and 37 are located at the bottom of reactor 21 and are used to cool pyrolysis or gasification products.

[0059] Manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valves 36 and 39 are located below water-cooled jackets 35 and 37, respectively, and their main purpose is to prevent leakage of high-pressure gas generated during the unloading process.

[0060] The rotary valve 40 and the discharge hopper 41 are located below the manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve 39. The rotary valve 40 is located below the rotary valve 40. The main purpose of the rotary valve 40 is to transport coke or ash by means of an impeller, so as to achieve continuous discharge of coke or ash. The discharge hopper 41 is mainly used for the storage and discharge of coke or ash.

[0061] The second condenser 43 and manual regulating valves 42 and 44 are connected to the inlet and outlet of the condenser 43, respectively, and are mainly used to cool the outlet gas of the discharge hopper 41 and prevent gas leakage.

[0062] A gaseous product collection device is connected to reactor 21. In this embodiment, the gaseous product collection device is connected to the solid product collection section of the reactor and is positioned in conjunction with the gas conveying device to achieve a top-to-bottom gas intake direction. In practice, the positions of the gas conveying device and the gaseous product collection device can be interchanged to change the gas intake direction in the reactor.

[0063] In this embodiment, the gas product collection device includes manual regulating valves 47, 51, and 53, a second heat exchanger 48, a temperature sensing element 45, pressure sensing elements 46 and 52, and a water-cooled coil condenser 50. This device can monitor, cool, and collect the temperature and pressure of the gas products. Referring to the figure, the main pipeline of the gas product collection device is equipped with a second heat exchanger 48 and a water-cooled coil condenser 50. The second heat exchanger 48 is connected to a bypass pipeline for controlling its connection. The main pipeline inlet is connected to the temperature sensing element 45 and the pressure sensing element 46. The outlet of the water-cooled coil condenser is connected to the gas product outlet, and a pressure sensing element 52 is installed on the outlet pipeline. Another branch of the water-cooled coil condenser outlet is connected to a sampling port. The second heat exchanger 48 recovers heat from the gas products and provides it to the first heat exchanger 8; the water-cooled coil condenser 50 is used to cool the gas products.

[0064] This device is equipped with multiple temperature measuring points and temperature measuring elements 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34, and 38. Temperature measuring elements 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 are located in the constant temperature section of reactor 21 (the part covered by the furnace) and are used to measure the temperature at different locations in the constant temperature section of reactor 21. Temperature measuring element 17 is located in the solid product collection section of reactor 21 and is used to measure the temperature of the solid product collection section of reactor 21. Temperature measuring elements 23, 24, 25, 30, 31, and 32 are symmetrically distributed inside the furnace and are used to measure the temperature at different locations inside the furnace. Temperature measuring elements 27 and 34 are located at the outlets of biomass burners 26 and 33 and are used to measure the outlet temperatures of biomass burners 26 and 33. Temperature measuring element 38 is located above the manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve 39 and is used to measure the outlet temperature of the water-cooled jacket 37.

[0065] The pressure measuring element 18 is located above the reactor 21 and is used to measure the internal pressure of the reactor 21.

[0066] In this embodiment, when ball valve 1 is opened and valve 4 is manually adjusted, gasifying agent 54 is introduced, and the reactor realizes the gasification function to generate syngas and solid ash; when ball valve 2 is opened and valve 5 is manually adjusted, inert gas 55 is introduced, and the reactor realizes the pyrolysis function to generate pyrolysis gas and coke.

[0067] In this embodiment, the temperature inside the furnace 22 and reactor 21 is controlled by controlling the amount of combustion air 60, 62 and biomass 61, 63 entering the biomass burners 26, 33. The temperature can be measured by temperature measuring elements 23, 24, 25, 30, 31, 32 and 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17.

[0068] In this embodiment, the type of biomass burner 26 and 33 is not limited.

[0069] In this embodiment, the type of condenser 29 and 33 is not limited.

[0070] In this embodiment, the types of temperature sensing elements 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34, 38, 45 and pressure sensing elements 10, 18, 46, 52 are not limited.

[0071] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, an operating procedure is provided for a pyrolysis and gasification reactor suitable for biomass external combustion heating.

[0072] When the reactor is used for pyrolysis, the specific steps are as follows:

[0073] Step a1. Open ball valve 3 and manual regulating valve 4, and introduce purging gas 56 for a period of time to expel the air inside the reactor;

[0074] Step a2. Close ball valve 3 and manual regulating valve 4 to stop the purge gas 56 from entering, and open ball valve 2 and manual regulating valve 5 to introduce inert gas 55;

[0075] Step a3. Introduce air distribution 60, 62 and biomass 61, 63, and start biomass burners 26 and 33 to start biomass combustion. The generated high-temperature flue gas 74 heats reactor 21. The outlet flue gas is cooled by the first condenser 29 and then discharged. By observing the reading of the temperature measuring element, adjust the amount of air distribution and biomass input to make the reactor reach the temperature required for pyrolysis.

[0076] Step a4. After the fuel is dried and crushed, it is placed in the screw feeder 19. When the set temperature required for the pyrolysis reaction is reached, the screw feeder is started to input the fuel above the solid material distributor 20 so that the fuel enters the reactor 21 evenly.

[0077] Step a5. The fuel undergoes a pyrolysis reaction in the reactor 21. After the predetermined reaction time is reached, valves 47 and 53 are opened. The pyrolysis gas enters the heat exchanger 48 to preheat the inert gas 55, and then enters the water-cooled coil condenser 50 for cooling. Subsequently, the pyrolysis gas is discharged from the gas product outlet 66 and collected.

[0078] Step a6. Open the manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valves 36 and 39. The coke produced by pyrolysis is cooled by the water cooling jackets 35 and 37 and then enters the star-shaped feeder 40. The coke is discharged through the discharge hopper 41. Open the valves 42 and 44. The high-temperature gas in the discharge hopper 41 is cooled by the condenser 43 and then discharged.

[0079] When the reactor is used for gasification, the specific steps are as follows:

[0080] Step b1. Open ball valve 3 and manual regulating valve 4, and introduce purging gas 56 for a period of time to purge the air inside the reactor;

[0081] Step b2. Close ball valve 3 to stop the purge gas 56 from entering, and open ball valve 1 to introduce gasifying agent 54;

[0082] Step b3. Introduce air supply 60, 62 and biomass 61, 63, and start biomass burners 26 and 33 to start biomass combustion. The generated high-temperature flue gas 74 heats reactor 22. The outlet flue gas is cooled by condenser 29 and discharged. By observing the reading of the temperature measuring element, adjust the amount of air supply and biomass input to make the reactor reach the temperature required for gasification.

[0083] Step b4. After the fuel is dried and crushed, it is placed in the screw feeder 19. When the set temperature required for the pyrolysis reaction is reached, the screw feeder is started to input the fuel above the solid material distributor 20 so that the fuel enters the reactor 21 evenly.

[0084] Step b5. The fuel undergoes a thermal gasification reaction in the reactor 21. After the predetermined reaction time is reached, valves 47 and 53 are opened. The syngas enters the heat exchanger 48 to preheat the gasification agent 54, and then enters the water-cooled coil condenser 50 for cooling. Subsequently, the syngas is discharged from the gas product outlet 66 and collected.

[0085] Step b6. Open the manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valves 36 and 39. The ash produced by gasification is cooled by the water cooling jackets 35 and 37 and then enters the star-shaped discharge machine 40. The ash is discharged through the discharge hopper 41. Open the valves 42 and 44. The high-temperature gas in the discharge hopper 41 is cooled by the condenser 43 and then discharged.

[0086] In summary, existing pyrolysis and gasification technologies suffer from drawbacks such as high heating energy consumption, high carbon dioxide emissions, and limited functionality. This invention proposes a biomass external combustion heating pyrolysis and gasification reactor. By using external biomass combustion, the energy quality matching between the pyrolysis / gasification process and the heating process can be improved, achieving zero carbon dioxide emissions during the heating process. The heat from the recovered gaseous products is used to preheat the reactor inlet gas, realizing cascaded energy utilization. Furthermore, the type and flow rate of the gas entering the reactor can be adjusted via a gas delivery device, integrating the reactor's pyrolysis and gasification functions. Therefore, this invention has significant social benefits and promising industrial applications.

[0087] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A biomass external combustion heat supply pyrolysis and gasification reaction device, comprising: a gas delivery device in communication with the reactor; the gas delivery device comprises a plurality of delivery channels to realize the input of at least gasification agent, inert gas required for pyrolysis reaction, and purge gas; the flow of different types of gas is controlled by the opening and closing of the ball valve provided on each delivery channel to realize the conversion of the pyrolysis and gasification functions of the reactor; a reactor to realize the pyrolysis or gasification reaction of fuel; the reactor is divided into a preheating section, a constant temperature section, and a solid product collection section from top to bottom; a screw feeder located above the preheating section and the solid material distributor of the reactor to control the feeding speed of the fuel and realize the continuous feeding of the fuel; a solid material distributor located above the preheating section and the hearth of the reactor to uniformly distribute the inlet fuel; a hearth covering the entire constant temperature section of the reactor to heat the reactor by high-temperature flue gas generated by biomass combustion; a biomass burner in communication with the hearth to control biomass combustion by controlling air distribution and biomass feeding amount to adjust the combustion temperature in the hearth; a water cooling jacket located at the lower part of the reactor to cool the pyrolysis or gasification products; a manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve to prevent high-pressure gas leakage during unloading; a star-shaped unloading machine to realize the continuous discharge of solid products; a discharge bin connected to the star-shaped unloading machine for storage and discharge of solid products; a first condenser to cool the flue gas at the outlet of the hearth; a second condenser to cool the gas at the outlet of the discharge bin; a gas product collection device in communication with the reactor to realize the cooling and collection of gas products; temperature and pressure measuring elements to measure the temperature and pressure at different positions of the inlet gas, biomass burner, hearth, gas product, flue gas at the outlet of the hearth, and inside and outside the reactor.

2. The biomass pyrolysis and gasification reactor with external combustion according to claim 1, wherein, The gas delivery device is in communication with the upper part of the reactor, and the gas product collection device is in communication with the solid product collection section of the reactor to realize the upward gas inlet direction; or the gas product collection device is in communication with the upper part of the reactor, and the gas delivery device is in communication with the solid product collection section of the reactor to realize the downward gas inlet direction; Heat exchangers are provided in the gas delivery device and the gas product collection device, the two heat exchangers are in communication, or the gas delivery device and the gas product collection device share a heat exchanger to provide the heat of the gas product collected by the gas product collection device to the gas delivery device to preheat the gas entering the reactor.

3. The biomass pyrolysis and gasification reactor with external combustion heat supply according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the gas delivery device, ball valves, manual regulating valves, safety valves, flow meters, temperature and pressure measuring elements, and first heat exchangers are provided on the delivery channels to realize the input of multiple gases, temperature and pressure monitoring, and flow control; the flow of different types of gas is controlled by the ball valves to realize the conversion of the pyrolysis and gasification functions of the reactor; the flow of the delivery channel is adjusted by the manual regulating valves; the on-off control of the gas delivery device and the reactor is realized by the safety valves; the first heat exchanger is used to preheat the gas, the heat of the first heat exchanger comes from the heat released by the cooling of the gas product in the gas product collection device; the flow, temperature, and pressure of the gas are monitored by the flow meter and the temperature and pressure measuring elements.

4. The biomass pyrolysis and gasification reactor with external combustion according to claim 2, wherein, The main pipeline of the gas product collecting device is provided with a second heat exchanger and a water-cooled coil condenser, the second heat exchanger is connected with a bypass pipeline, the main pipeline inlet is connected with a temperature and pressure measuring element, and the water-cooled coil condenser outlet is connected with a gas product outlet; the second heat exchanger is used to recover the heat of the gas product and provide the heat to the first heat exchanger; and the water-cooled coil condenser is used to cool the gas product.

5. The biomass pyrolysis and gasification reactor with external combustion according to claim 1, wherein, The furnace is of a two-half open-close structure and is insulated by a temperature-resistant material, and the furnace shell is made of temperature-resistant stainless steel material; the design temperature of the reactor is 800-1500 DEG C, and the design pressure is 0.1-5 MPa; The biomass burners are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the furnace.

6. The biomass pyrolysis and gasification reactor with external combustion according to claim 1, wherein, The water-cooled jacket and the manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve are two groups, wherein the first water-cooled jacket, the first manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve, the second water-cooled jacket and the second manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the star-shaped discharger and the discharging bin are arranged below the second manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve.

7. The biomass pyrolysis and gasification reactor with external combustion according to claim 1, wherein, The first condenser is connected with the top of the furnace, and a temperature measuring element is arranged on the connecting pipeline; the second condenser is connected with the ball valve discharging bin, and a manual regulating valve is also arranged on the outlet pipeline of the second condenser.

8. The biomass pyrolysis and gasification reactor with external combustion according to claim 1, wherein, The feed of the screw feeder is coal, biomass or a mixture of coal and biomass.

9. The biomass pyrolysis and gasification reactor with external combustion according to claim 1, wherein, A plurality of temperature measuring points are evenly distributed in the reactor on both sides of the furnace; a plurality of temperature measuring points are evenly distributed in the constant-temperature section of the reactor which is covered by the furnace.

10. The biomass pyrolysis and gasification reactor with external combustion according to claim 1, wherein, The working process of the device is as follows: The gas conveying device introduces the sweeping gas into the reactor to discharge the air in the reactor; The gas conveying device stops the introduction of the sweeping gas and switches to introduce the first gas required for the reaction; when the gasification reaction is carried out, the first gas is the gasification agent; when the pyrolysis reaction is carried out, the first gas is the inert gas required for the pyrolysis reaction; The air distribution and biomass are introduced into the biomass burner, the biomass burner is started to make the biomass start to burn, the high-temperature flue gas generated by the biomass burner heats the reactor, the outlet flue gas is discharged after being cooled by the first condenser, and the required temperature in the reactor is reached by adjusting the input amount of the air distribution and biomass; When the required temperature for the reaction is reached, the screw feeder is started to input the fuel above the solid material distributor, so that the fuel uniformly enters the reactor; The fuel is pyrolyzed / gasified in the reactor, after a predetermined reaction time, the gas product recovery device is opened, the gas product enters the gas product recovery device to preheat the first gas, then is cooled, and then is discharged and collected; The manual high-temperature and high-pressure butterfly valve is opened, the solid product generated by the reaction is cooled by the water-cooled jacket, then enters the star-shaped discharger, and is discharged through the discharging bin; the high-temperature gas in the discharging bin is cooled by the second condenser and then is discharged.

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